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Jacques Nompar de Caumont, 1st Duke of La Force (French pronunciation: [ʒak nɔ̃paːʁ də komɔ̃ dyk də la fɔʁs]) (30 December 1558[1] – 10 May 1652) was a Marshal of France and Peer of France.[2] He was the son of a Huguenot, Francois de Caumont, lord of Castelnau, and Philippe de Beaupoil.[3] He survived the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in 1572,[4] but his father and older brother Armand were killed.[5][6][7][8]
Jacques Nompar de Caumont | |
|---|---|
| 1st Duke of La Force Marquis of La Force | |
 | |
| Born | 30 October 1558 |
| Died | 10 May 1652 (aged 93) |
| Buried | Milandes |
| Noble family | Caumont |
| Spouse(s) | Charlotte de Gontaut |
| Issue | Armand-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force Henri-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force Jacques, seigneur de Maduran Charles, seigneur de Maduran Pierre, baron d'Aymet Jean, seigneur of Montpouillan Jean-Jacob, marquis de Tonneins François de Caumont La Force Jacqueline Isabelle |
| Father | Francois de Caumont |
| Mother | Philippe de Beaupoil |
Marriages and issue
- He married, on 5 February 1577, Charlotte de Gontaut, (1561–June 1635), daughter of marshal Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron, and by her had ten children:[9]
- Armand-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force (c.1580–1675), peer and marshal of France. His daughter
- Charlotte married Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne, but died in 1666 without children.
- Henri-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force (1582–1678), his daughter
- Charlotte married in 1630 de Gabriel de Caumont, comte de Lauzun, and were parents of
- Antoine Nompar de Caumont, Duc de Lauzun
- Charlotte married in 1630 de Gabriel de Caumont, comte de Lauzun, and were parents of
- Jacques, seigneur de Maduran, killed during the siege of Jülich in 1610
- Charles, seigneur de Maduran.
- Pierre, baron d'Aymet.
- Jean, seigneur de Montpouillan.
- Jean-Jacob, marquis de Tonneins
- François de Caumont La Force, whose daughter was:
- Charlotte-Rose de Caumont La Force or Mademoiselle de La Force (1654–1724)
- Jacqueline
- Isabelle
- Armand-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force (c.1580–1675), peer and marshal of France. His daughter
- He married, after 1635, Anne de Mornay, widow of Jacques Moues and daughter of Philippe de Mornay[9][10]
- He married, after 1635, Isabelle de Clermont-Gallerande, widow of Gideon van den Boetzelaer (1569–1634), Ambassador of the States of Holland in France.[9][10]
Career
As marquis de La Force, he served Henri IV, whose confidence he enjoyed. He was governor of Béarn from 1593 to 1621 and then viceroy of Navarre.[4] After the assassination of Henry IV in 1610, he fought with the Huguenots against Louis XIII. He plotted with Henri de Rohan and participated in the successful defence of Montauban in 1621, after an 86-day siege by the king, although he was reconciled with Louis XIII the following year.[4] La Force was made a marshal of France on 27 May 1622, to be employed as the Lieutenant-General of the Army of Piedmont.[11] He campaigned in Piedmont in 1630, taking Pinerolo as well as Saluzzo and defeated the Spaniards at Carignano.[5]
In 1631, he served in the Languedoc and between 1631 and 1634 he invaded Lorraine,[5] and took La Mothe after a siege of 141 days in which Turenne first distinguished himself and La Force's grandson Jacques was killed.[12][13] In Germany, in 1634, he also raised the siege of Philippsburg in Baden and captured the general Colloredo.[14] In the following year, he relieved Heidelberg and took Speyer.[12][15][16]
He was created Duc de La Force and a peer on 3 August 1637.[2]
In 1638 he besieged Saint-Omer in Flanders, but was defeated by Louis Thomas of Savoy-Carignan. It was his last battle.[17][18]
La Force died in Bergerac on 10 May 1652 and was buried in Milandes. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Armand-Nompar.[10] His memoirs were published in 1843.[19][20][21][22][11]
See also
Footnotes
- ^ Caumont I 1843, p. 5.
- ^ a b Sainte-Marie 1728, p. 472.
- ^ Sainte-Marie 1728, p. 471.
- ^ a b c Trevor-Roper 2006, p. 203.
- ^ a b c "Jacques-Nompar De CAUMONT, duc De La Force". Grand Dictionnaire Universel du XIXe sciècle. Laforce.be. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
- ^ Caumont I 1843, p. 3.
- ^ Souleyreau I 2013, p. 107.
- ^ Voltaire 1843, pp. 250–253.
- ^ a b c "Jacques Nompar de Caumont". Généalogie Wailly. Gw.geneanet.org. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
- ^ a b c "Jacques Nompar de Caumont, Duke of La Force". Les Seigneurs de Caumont. Mariefb.pagesperso-orange.fr. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
- ^ a b Thomas II 2013, p. 939.
- ^ a b Guthrie 2003, p. 200.
- ^ Sainte-Marie 1728, p. 473.
- ^ Caumont III 1843, p. 440.
- ^ Caumont III 1843, p. 105.
- ^ Delaforce 2006, p. 92.
- ^ Caumont III 1843, pp. view=1up, seq=218 206-208.
- ^ Parrot 2004, p. 128.
- ^ Caumont I 1843.
- ^ Caumont II 1843.
- ^ Caumont III 1843.
- ^ Caumont IV 1843.
Sources
- Caumont, Auguste de, Duc de La Force (1950). Le Maréchal de La Force, un Serviteur de Sept Rois (1558-1652). Paris: Éditions de la Table Ronde ; Plon. p. 24.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Caumont, Jacques-Nompar de, Duc De La Force (1843). Mémoires authentiques de Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force, maréchal de France, et de ses deux fils, les marquis de Montpouillan et de Castelnaut ... Vol. I. Paris: Charpentier.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Caumont, Jacques-Nompar de, Duc De La Force (1843). Mémoires authentiques de Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force, maréchal de France, et de ses deux fils, les marquis de Montpouillan et de Castelnaut ... Vol. II. Paris: Charpentier.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Caumont, Jacques-Nompar de, Duc De La Force (1843). Mémoires authentiques de Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force, maréchal de France, et de ses deux fils, les marquis de Montpouillan et de Castelnaut ... Vol. III. Paris: Charpentier.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Caumont, Jacques-Nompar de, Duc De La Force (1843). Mémoires authentiques de Jacques Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force, maréchal de France, et de ses deux fils, les marquis de Montpouillan et de Castelnaut ... Vol. IV. Paris: Charpentier.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Delaforce, Patrick and Baldry, Ken (2006). "The Caumonts" (PDF). The Delaforce Family History. Art-science.com. p. 92. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "Les Derniers Seigneurs de Caumont". Histoire de Caumont. Mariefb.pagesperso-orange.fr. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
- Guthrie, William P. (2003). The Later Thirty Years War: From the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia. Vol. 222. Westport: Greenwood Press. pp. 78, 100, 200. ISBN 0-313-32408-5. ISSN 0883-6884.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - "Jacques Nompar de Caumont". Généalogie Wailly. Gw.geneanet.org. Retrieved 24 December 2013.
- "Jacques-Nompar De CAUMONT, duc DE LA FORCE". Grand Dictionnaire Universel du XIXe sciècle. Laforce.be. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
- Parrot, David (2004). Richelieu's Army: War, Government and Society in France, 1624-1642 (hardback). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 128. ISBN 0-521-79209-6.
- Sainte-Marie, Anselme de and Sainte-Rosalie, Ange de (1728). Histoire de la Maison Royale de France, et des grands officiers de la Couronne & de la Maison de Roy: & des anciens Barons de Royaume. Vol. IV (3rd ed.). Paris: Compaignies des Libraires. pp. 472, 465–466.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Souleyreau, Marie-Catherine Vignal (2013). Le Trésor Pillé du Roi: Correspondance du Cardinal de Richelieu, Année 1634. Vol. I. Paris: L'Harmattan. pp. 107–108. ISBN 978-2-343-00052-7.
- Thomas, Joseph (2009). The Universal Dictionary of Biography and Mythology (hardback). Vol. II. New York: Cosimo Classics. p. 939. ISBN 9781616400712.
- Trevor-Roper, Hugh (2006). Europe's Physician: The Various Life of Sir Theodore de Mayerne. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 203. ISBN 0-300-11263-7.
- Voltaire, Jones, Charles L. S., tr. (1834). The Henriad; a poem; with the notes and variations. Tr. from the French of M. de Voltaire. By Charles L. S. Jones. Mobile: Sidney Smith. pp. 250–253.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Wilson, Peter H. (2009). Europe's Tragedy: A New History of the Thirty Years War (hardback). London: Allen Lane. pp. 521, 532, 552, 560–1. ISBN 9780713995923.
External links
- Jacques Nompar de Caumont Family tree
- Seigneurs de Caumont-La Force Lineage of the lords of Caumont and Dukes of La Force
- Histoire de Caumont Caumont history
- The Caumonts
- Château de Castelnaud
