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Bismuth trifluoride
Names
	IUPAC name Bismuth(III) fluoride
	Other names Bismuth trifluoride
Identifiers
CAS Number	7787-61-3 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	21172751;
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.204
EC Number	232-124-8;
PubChem CID	82233;
UNII	6I46O71A7B ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8064852 ;
	InChI InChI=1/Bi.3FH.3H/h;31H;;;/q+3;;;;;;/p-3/rBiH3.3FH/h1H3;31H/q+3;;;/p-3 Key: GRQDKISMHISLGB-IZWAAGQTAY;
	SMILES [F-].[F-].[F-].[BiH3+3];
Properties
Chemical formula	BiF3
Molar mass	265.97550 g/mol
Appearance	grey-white powder
Density	5.32 g cm−3
Melting point	649˚C
Solubility in water	Insoluble in water
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-61.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Crystal structure	Orthorhombic, oP16, SpaceGroup = Pnma, No. 62 (β phase)
Hazards
	Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards	Irritant
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H314
Precautionary statements	P260, P264, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 0 0
Related compounds
Other anions	Bismuth chloride
Other cations	Nitrogen trifluoride; Phosphorus trifluoride; Arsenic trifluoride; Antimony trifluoride;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Bismuth(III) fluoride or bismuth trifluoride is a chemical compound of bismuth and fluorine. The chemical formula is BiF₃. It is a grey-white powder melting at 649 °C.

It occurs in nature as the rare mineral gananite.

Synthesis

Bismuth fluoride can be prepared by reacting bismuth(III) oxide with hydrofluoric acid:^[2]

Bi₂O₃ + 6 HF → 2 BiF₃ + 3 H₂O

Structure

α-BiF₃ has a cubic crystalline structure (Pearson symbol cF16, space group Fm-3m, No. 225). BiF₃ is the prototype for the D0₃ structure, which is adopted by several intermetallics, including Mg₃Pr, Cu₃Sb, Fe₃Si, and AlFe₃,^[3] as well as by the hydride LaH_3.0.^[4] The unit cell is face-centered cubic with Bi at the face centers and vertices, and F at the octahedral site (mid-edges, center), and tetrahedral sites (centers of the 8 sub cubes) - thus the primitive cell contains 4 Bi and 12 F.^[5] Alternatively, with the unit cell shifted (1/4,1/4,1/4) the description can be of a fcc cell with face, edge, corner, and centers filled with F, and half (4 of) the octant centers with F, the other half with Bi (each octant type tetrahedrally arranged).^[4] The edge length of the BiF₃ cell is 0.5853 nm.^[4]

β-BiF₃ has the YF₃ structure where the bismuth atom has distorted 9 coordination, tricapped trigonal prism.^[6] This structure is generally considered to be ionic, and contrasts with fluorides of the lighter members of group 15, phosphorus trifluoride, PF₃, arsenic trifluoride, AsF₃ and antimony trifluoride, SbF₃, where MX₃ molecular units are present in the solid.^[6]

Reactions

BiF₃ is unaffected by water and is almost insoluble. It does not form complexes readily but the following, BiF₃.3HF and BiF₄⁻ in NH₄BiF₄, are known. The addition compound H₃BiF₆ is hydrolysed by water forming BiOF.^[7]

Uses

BiF₃ has received research attention as a possible electrode material for lithium batteries and as a luminescence host material for lanthanum-doped phosphors.^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b http://www.alfa.com/content/msds/english/11844.pdf ^{[dead link]}
^ ^a ^b Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ De Graef, Marc; McHenry, Michael (eds.), "Appendix 1. Crystal Structure Descriptions", The Structure of Materials, Cambridge University Press, A1-2, A1-11
^ ^a ^b ^c Galasso, Francis S. (1970), Structure and Properties of Inorganic Solids: International Series of Monographs in Solid State Physics, Pergammon Press, 3.5. BiF₃, DO₃, Fm3m, Cubic. pp. 50–51
^ Sólyom, Jenö (2007), Fundamentals of the Physics of Solids: Volume 1: Structure and Dynamics, p. 220, ISBN 978-3-540-72599-2
^ ^a ^b Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
^ Norman, Nicholas C (1998). Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Springer. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-7514-0389-3.
^ Xie, Zhi; Wei, Bin; Wang, Zhongchang (2018-06-01). "Structural stability, electronic structures and enhanced photocatalytic properties of BiF3 nanowires: A first-principles study". Ceramics International. 44 (8): 9623–9632. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.189. ISSN 0272-8842. S2CID 139879224.

[alfa-aesar-1] ttp://www.alfa.com/content/msds/english/11844.pdf ^{[dead link]}

[Greenwood-2] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[3] De Graef, Marc; McHenry, Michael (eds.), "Appendix 1. Crystal Structure Descriptions", The Structure of Materials, Cambridge University Press, A1-2, A1-11

[galasso-4] Galasso, Francis S. (1970), Structure and Properties of Inorganic Solids: International Series of Monographs in Solid State Physics, Pergammon Press, 3.5. BiF₃, DO₃, Fm3m, Cubic. pp. 50–51

[5] Sólyom, Jenö (2007), Fundamentals of the Physics of Solids: Volume 1: Structure and Dynamics, p. 220, ISBN 978-3-540-72599-2

[Wells-6] Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6

[7] Norman, Nicholas C (1998). Chemistry of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth. Springer. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-7514-0389-3.

[8] Xie, Zhi; Wei, Bin; Wang, Zhongchang (2018-06-01). "Structural stability, electronic structures and enhanced photocatalytic properties of BiF3 nanowires: A first-principles study". Ceramics International. 44 (8): 9623–9632. doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.189. ISSN 0272-8842. S2CID 139879224.

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