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Dispersion may refer to:

Economics and finance

Dispersion (finance), a measure for the statistical distribution of portfolio returns
Price dispersion, a variation in prices across sellers of the same item
Wage dispersion, the amount of variation in wages encountered in an economy
Dispersed knowledge, notion that any one person is unable to perceive all economic forces

Statistical dispersion, a quantifiable variation of measurements of differing members of a population
- Index of dispersion, a normalized measure of the dispersion of a probability distribution
Dispersion point, a point in a topological space the removal of which leaves the space highly disconnected

The dependence of wave velocity on frequency or wavelength:
- Dispersion (optics), for light waves
- Dispersion (water waves), for water waves
- Acoustic dispersion, for sound waves
- Dispersion relation, the mathematical description of dispersion in a system
- Modal dispersion, spreading of signals in multimode fibers and waveguides by a distortion mechanism
  - Polarization mode dispersion, a form of modal dispersion
- Dielectric dispersion, the dependence of the permittivity of a dielectric material on the frequency of an applied electric field
- Dispersion measure, the dispersion of radio signals from pulsars and fast radio bursts
Dispersive mass transfer, in fluid dynamics, the spreading of mass from areas of high to low concentration
- Atmospheric dispersion modeling, mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere
London dispersion force, an instantaneous induced dipole-induced dipole
Dispersed particle resistance, a measured parameter to characterize battery active materials

Biological dispersal, the distribution of animals, spores, fruits and their seeds, etc.
Dispersion (chemistry), a system in which particles are dispersed in a continuous phase of a different composition
Dispersion (geology), a process whereby sodic soil disperses when exposed to water
Dispersion (materials science), the fraction of atoms of a material exposed to the surface
Dispersion polymerization, a polymerization process
Velocity dispersion, the statistical variation of velocities about the mean velocity for a group of astronomical objects

Hellenistic Judaism § Hellenism, Jewish communities who lived amongst the gentiles in the first century CE
Dispersion (album), the second album by High Rise
Dispersion Technology, a scientific instrument manufacturer located in Bedford Hills, New York