Informatics Educational Institutions & Programs

The following is a list of integrals (antiderivative functions) of irrational functions. For a complete list of integral functions, see lists of integrals. Throughout this article the constant of integration is omitted for brevity.

Integrals involving r = √a² + x²

$\int r\,dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xr+a^{2}\,\ln \left(x+r\right)\right)$
$\int r^{3}\,dx={\frac {1}{4}}xr^{3}+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{2}xr+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{4}\ln \left(x+r\right)$
$\int r^{5}\,dx={\frac {1}{6}}xr^{5}+{\frac {5}{24}}a^{2}xr^{3}+{\frac {5}{16}}a^{4}xr+{\frac {5}{16}}a^{6}\ln \left(x+r\right)$
$\int xr\,dx={\frac {r^{3}}{3}}$
$\int xr^{3}\,dx={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}$
$\int xr^{2n+1}\,dx={\frac {r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}$
$\int x^{2}r\,dx={\frac {xr^{3}}{4}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr}{8}}-{\frac {a^{4}}{8}}\ln \left(x+r\right)$
$\int x^{2}r^{3}\,dx={\frac {xr^{5}}{6}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{3}}{24}}-{\frac {a^{4}xr}{16}}-{\frac {a^{6}}{16}}\ln \left(x+r\right)$
$\int x^{3}r\,dx={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}-{\frac {a^{2}r^{3}}{3}}$
$\int x^{3}r^{3}\,dx={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}-{\frac {a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}$
$\int x^{3}r^{2n+1}\,dx={\frac {r^{2n+5}}{2n+5}}-{\frac {a^{2}r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}$
$\int x^{4}r\,dx={\frac {x^{3}r^{3}}{6}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{3}}{8}}+{\frac {a^{4}xr}{16}}+{\frac {a^{6}}{16}}\ln \left(x+r\right)$
$\int x^{4}r^{3}\,dx={\frac {x^{3}r^{5}}{8}}-{\frac {a^{2}xr^{5}}{16}}+{\frac {a^{4}xr^{3}}{64}}+{\frac {3a^{6}xr}{128}}+{\frac {3a^{8}}{128}}\ln \left(x+r\right)$
$\int x^{5}r\,dx={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{3}}{3}}$
$\int x^{5}r^{3}\,dx={\frac {r^{9}}{9}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{7}}{7}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{5}}{5}}$
$\int x^{5}r^{2n+1}\,dx={\frac {r^{2n+7}}{2n+7}}-{\frac {2a^{2}r^{2n+5}}{2n+5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}}$
$\int {\frac {r\,dx}{x}}=r-a\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|=r-a\,\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {a}{x}}$
$\int {\frac {r^{3}\,dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{3}}{3}}+a^{2}r-a^{3}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$
$\int {\frac {r^{5}\,dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{2}r^{3}}{3}}+a^{4}r-a^{5}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$
$\int {\frac {r^{7}\,dx}{x}}={\frac {r^{7}}{7}}+{\frac {a^{2}r^{5}}{5}}+{\frac {a^{4}r^{3}}{3}}+a^{6}r-a^{7}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$
$\int {\frac {dx}{r}}=\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {x}{a}}=\ln \left({\frac {x+r}{a}}\right)$
$\int {\frac {dx}{r^{3}}}={\frac {x}{a^{2}r}}$
$\int {\frac {x\,dx}{r}}=r$
$\int {\frac {x\,dx}{r^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{r}}$
$\int {\frac {x^{2}\,dx}{r}}={\frac {x}{2}}r-{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\,\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {x}{a}}={\frac {x}{2}}r-{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\ln \left({\frac {x+r}{a}}\right)$
$\int {\frac {dx}{xr}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\,\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {a}{x}}=-{\frac {1}{a}}\ln \left|{\frac {a+r}{x}}\right|$

Integrals involving s = √x² − a²

Assume x² > a² (for x² < a², see next section):

$\int s\,dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xs-a^{2}\ln \left|x+s\right|\right)$
$\int xs\,dx={\frac {1}{3}}s^{3}$
$\int {\frac {s\,dx}{x}}=s-|a|\arccos \left|{\frac {a}{x}}\right|$
$\int {\frac {dx}{s}}=\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|\,.$ Here $\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|=\operatorname {sgn} (x)\,\operatorname {arcosh} \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|={\frac {1}{2}}\ln \left({\frac {x+s}{x-s}}\right)\,,$ where the positive value of $\operatorname {arcosh} \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|$ is to be taken.
$\int {\frac {dx}{xs}}={\frac {1}{a}}\operatorname {arcsec} \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|$
$\int {\frac {x\,dx}{s}}=s$
$\int {\frac {x\,dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{s}}$
$\int {\frac {x\,dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {1}{3s^{3}}}$
$\int {\frac {x\,dx}{s^{7}}}=-{\frac {1}{5s^{5}}}$
$\int {\frac {x\,dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=-{\frac {1}{(2n-1)s^{2n-1}}}$
$\int {\frac {x^{2m}\,dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=-{\frac {1}{2n-1}}{\frac {x^{2m-1}}{s^{2n-1}}}+{\frac {2m-1}{2n-1}}\int {\frac {x^{2m-2}\,dx}{s^{2n-1}}}$
$\int {\frac {x^{2}\,dx}{s}}={\frac {xs}{2}}+{\frac {a^{2}}{2}}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$
$\int {\frac {x^{2}\,dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {x}{s}}+\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$
$\int {\frac {x^{4}\,dx}{s}}={\frac {x^{3}s}{4}}+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{2}xs+{\frac {3}{8}}a^{4}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$
$\int {\frac {x^{4}\,dx}{s^{3}}}={\frac {xs}{2}}-{\frac {a^{2}x}{s}}+{\frac {3}{2}}a^{2}\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$
$\int {\frac {x^{4}\,dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+\ln \left|{\frac {x+s}{a}}\right|$
$\int {\frac {x^{2m}\,dx}{s^{2n+1}}}=(-1)^{n-m}{\frac {1}{a^{2(n-m)}}}\sum _{i=0}^{n-m-1}{\frac {1}{2(m+i)+1}}{n-m-1 \choose i}{\frac {x^{2(m+i)+1}}{s^{2(m+i)+1}}}\qquad {\mbox{(}}n>m\geq 0{\mbox{)}}$
$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{3}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{2}}}{\frac {x}{s}}$
$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{5}}}={\frac {1}{a^{4}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}\right]$
$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{7}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{6}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {2}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+{\frac {1}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}\right]$
$\int {\frac {dx}{s^{9}}}={\frac {1}{a^{8}}}\left[{\frac {x}{s}}-{\frac {3}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}+{\frac {3}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}-{\frac {1}{7}}{\frac {x^{7}}{s^{7}}}\right]$
$\int {\frac {x^{2}\,dx}{s^{5}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{2}}}{\frac {x^{3}}{3s^{3}}}$
$\int {\frac {x^{2}\,dx}{s^{7}}}={\frac {1}{a^{4}}}\left[{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}-{\frac {1}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}\right]$
$\int {\frac {x^{2}\,dx}{s^{9}}}=-{\frac {1}{a^{6}}}\left[{\frac {1}{3}}{\frac {x^{3}}{s^{3}}}-{\frac {2}{5}}{\frac {x^{5}}{s^{5}}}+{\frac {1}{7}}{\frac {x^{7}}{s^{7}}}\right]$

Integrals involving u = √a² − x²

$\int u\,dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xu+a^{2}\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}\right)\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$
$\int xu\,dx=-{\frac {1}{3}}u^{3}\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$
$\int x^{2}u\,dx=-{\frac {x}{4}}u^{3}+{\frac {a^{2}}{8}}(xu+a^{2}\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}})\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$
$\int {\frac {u\,dx}{x}}=u-a\ln \left|{\frac {a+u}{x}}\right|\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$
$\int {\frac {dx}{u}}=\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$
$\int {\frac {x^{2}\,dx}{u}}={\frac {1}{2}}\left(-xu+a^{2}\arcsin {\frac {x}{a}}\right)\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$
$\int u\,dx={\frac {1}{2}}\left(xu-\operatorname {sgn} x\,\operatorname {arcosh} \left|{\frac {x}{a}}\right|\right)\qquad {\mbox{(for }}|x|\geq |a|{\mbox{)}}$
$\int {\frac {x}{u}}\,dx=-u\qquad {\mbox{(}}|x|\leq |a|{\mbox{)}}$

Integrals involving R = √ax² + bx + c

Assume (ax² + bx + c) cannot be reduced to the following expression (px + q)² for some p and q.

$\int {\frac {dx}{R}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {a}}}\ln \left|2{\sqrt {a}}R+2ax+b\right|\qquad {\mbox{(for }}a>0{\mbox{)}}$
$\int {\frac {dx}{R}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {a}}}\,\operatorname {arsinh} {\frac {2ax+b}{\sqrt {4ac-b^{2}}}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}a>0{\mbox{, }}4ac-b^{2}>0{\mbox{)}}$
$\int {\frac {dx}{R}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {a}}}\ln |2ax+b|\quad {\mbox{(for }}a>0{\mbox{, }}4ac-b^{2}=0{\mbox{)}}$
$\int {\frac {dx}{R}}=-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {-a}}}\arcsin {\frac {2ax+b}{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}\qquad {\mbox{(for }}a<0{\mbox{, }}4ac-b^{2}<0{\mbox{, }}\left|2ax+b\right|<{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}{\mbox{)}}$
$\int {\frac {dx}{R^{3}}}={\frac {4ax+2b}{(4ac-b^{2})R}}$
$\int {\frac {dx}{R^{5}}}={\frac {4ax+2b}{3(4ac-b^{2})R}}\left({\frac {1}{R^{2}}}+{\frac {8a}{4ac-b^{2}}}\right)$
$\int {\frac {dx}{R^{2n+1}}}={\frac {2}{(2n-1)(4ac-b^{2})}}\left({\frac {2ax+b}{R^{2n-1}}}+4a(n-1)\int {\frac {dx}{R^{2n-1}}}\right)$
$\int {\frac {x}{R}}\,dx={\frac {R}{a}}-{\frac {b}{2a}}\int {\frac {dx}{R}}$
$\int {\frac {x}{R^{3}}}\,dx=-{\frac {2bx+4c}{(4ac-b^{2})R}}$
$\int {\frac {x}{R^{2n+1}}}\,dx=-{\frac {1}{(2n-1)aR^{2n-1}}}-{\frac {b}{2a}}\int {\frac {dx}{R^{2n+1}}}$
$\int {\frac {dx}{xR}}=-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {c}}}\ln \left|{\frac {2{\sqrt {c}}R+bx+2c}{x}}\right|,~c>0$
$\int {\frac {dx}{xR}}=-{\frac {1}{\sqrt {c}}}\operatorname {arsinh} \left({\frac {bx+2c}{|x|{\sqrt {4ac-b^{2}}}}}\right),~c<0$
$\int {\frac {dx}{xR}}={\frac {1}{\sqrt {-c}}}\operatorname {arcsin} \left({\frac {bx+2c}{|x|{\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}}\right),~c<0,b^{2}-4ac>0$
$\int {\frac {dx}{xR}}=-{\frac {2}{bx}}\left({\sqrt {ax^{2}+bx}}\right),~c=0$
$\int {\frac {x^{2}}{R}}\,dx={\frac {2ax-3b}{4a^{2}}}R+{\frac {3b^{2}-4ac}{8a^{2}}}\int {\frac {dx}{R}}$
$\int {\frac {dx}{x^{2}R}}=-{\frac {R}{cx}}-{\frac {b}{2c}}\int {\frac {dx}{xR}}$
$\int R\,dx={\frac {2ax+b}{4a}}R+{\frac {4ac-b^{2}}{8a}}\int {\frac {dx}{R}}$
$\int xR\,dx={\frac {R^{3}}{3a}}-{\frac {b(2ax+b)}{8a^{2}}}R-{\frac {b(4ac-b^{2})}{16a^{2}}}\int {\frac {dx}{R}}$
$\int x^{2}R\,dx={\frac {6ax-5b}{24a^{2}}}R^{3}+{\frac {5b^{2}-4ac}{16a^{2}}}\int R\,dx$
$\int {\frac {R}{x}}\,dx=R+{\frac {b}{2}}\int {\frac {dx}{R}}+c\int {\frac {dx}{xR}}$
$\int {\frac {R}{x^{2}}}\,dx=-{\frac {R}{x}}+a\int {\frac {dx}{R}}+{\frac {b}{2}}\int {\frac {dx}{xR}}$
$\int {\frac {x^{2}\,dx}{R^{3}}}={\frac {(2b^{2}-4ac)x+2bc}{a(4ac-b^{2})R}}+{\frac {1}{a}}\int {\frac {dx}{R}}$

Integrals involving S = √ax + b

$\int S\,dx={\frac {2S^{3}}{3a}}$
$\int {\frac {dx}{S}}={\frac {2S}{a}}$
$\int {\frac {dx}{xS}}={\begin{cases}-{\dfrac {2}{\sqrt {b}}}\operatorname {arcoth} \left({\dfrac {S}{\sqrt {b}}}\right)&{\mbox{(for }}b>0,\quad ax>0{\mbox{)}}\\-{\dfrac {2}{\sqrt {b}}}\operatorname {artanh} \left({\dfrac {S}{\sqrt {b}}}\right)&{\mbox{(for }}b>0,\quad ax<0{\mbox{)}}\\{\dfrac {2}{\sqrt {-b}}}\arctan \left({\dfrac {S}{\sqrt {-b}}}\right)&{\mbox{(for }}b<0{\mbox{)}}\\\end{cases}}$
$\int {\frac {S}{x}}\,dx={\begin{cases}2\left(S-{\sqrt {b}}\,\operatorname {arcoth} \left({\dfrac {S}{\sqrt {b}}}\right)\right)&{\mbox{(for }}b>0,\quad ax>0{\mbox{)}}\\2\left(S-{\sqrt {b}}\,\operatorname {artanh} \left({\dfrac {S}{\sqrt {b}}}\right)\right)&{\mbox{(for }}b>0,\quad ax<0{\mbox{)}}\\2\left(S-{\sqrt {-b}}\arctan \left({\dfrac {S}{\sqrt {-b}}}\right)\right)&{\mbox{(for }}b<0{\mbox{)}}\\\end{cases}}$
$\int {\frac {x^{n}}{S}}\,dx={\frac {2}{a(2n+1)}}\left(x^{n}S-bn\int {\frac {x^{n-1}}{S}}\,dx\right)$
$\int x^{n}S\,dx={\frac {2}{a(2n+3)}}\left(x^{n}S^{3}-nb\int x^{n-1}S\,dx\right)$
$\int {\frac {1}{x^{n}S}}\,dx=-{\frac {1}{b(n-1)}}\left({\frac {S}{x^{n-1}}}+\left(n-{\frac {3}{2}}\right)a\int {\frac {dx}{x^{n-1}S}}\right)$

References

Abramowitz, Milton; Stegun, Irene A., eds. (1972). "Chapter 3". Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables. New York: Dover.
Gradshteyn, Izrail Solomonovich; Ryzhik, Iosif Moiseevich; Geronimus, Yuri Veniaminovich; Tseytlin, Michail Yulyevich; Jeffrey, Alan (2015) [October 2014]. Zwillinger, Daniel; Moll, Victor Hugo (eds.). Table of Integrals, Series, and Products. Translated by Scripta Technica, Inc. (8 ed.). Academic Press, Inc. ISBN 978-0-12-384933-5. LCCN 2014010276. (Several previous editions as well.)
Peirce, Benjamin Osgood (1929) [1899]. "Chapter 3". A Short Table of Integrals (3rd revised ed.). Boston: Ginn and Co. pp. 16–30.

Lists of integrals
Rational functions Irrational functions Trigonometric functions Inverse trigonometric functions Hyperbolic functions Inverse hyperbolic functions Exponential functions Logarithmic functions Gaussian functions Definite integrals

source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_integrals_of_irrational_functions

LIMS forum content by LIMS forum members is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.limsforum.com.