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Methanobacterium | |
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Methanobacterium formicicum | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Archaea |
Kingdom: | Euryarchaeota |
Class: | Methanobacteria |
Order: | Methanobacteriales |
Family: | Methanobacteriaceae |
Genus: | Methanobacterium Kluyver and van Niel 1936 |
Type species | |
Methanobacterium formicicum Schnellen 1947
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Species | |
See text | |
Synonyms | |
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Methanobacterium is a genus of the Methanobacteriaceae family of Archaea.[1][2] Despite the name, this genus belongs not to the bacterial domain but the archaeal domain (for instance, they lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls).[3] Methanobacterium are nonmotile and are anaerobic.[4] They do not create endospores when nutrients are limited.[1] Some members of this genus can use formate to reduce methane; others live exclusively through the reduction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen. They are ubiquitous in some hot, low-oxygen environments, such as anaerobic digestors, their waste water, and hot springs.[5]
Microbiology
Morphology
Methanobacteria are generally rod-shaped.[6] Because there are many different species in the Methanobacterium genus, there are a variety of shapes, sizes, and arrangements these microbes can possess.[7] These microbes can be curved, straight, or crooked.[6] They can also range in size, can be short or long, and can be found individually, in pairs, or in chains.[7] Some Methanobacterium species can be found in large clusters or aggregates which consist of long intertwined chains of individual microbes.[8]
Physiology
Methanobacterium are strict anaerobes, meaning they cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.[6] Most species belonging to this genus are also autotrophs which create organic compounds from inorganic materials such as carbon dioxide.[8] Methanobacterium can be classified as hydrogenotrophic methanogens.[8] Hydrogenotrophic methanogens use hydrogen, carbon dioxide, formate, and alcohols to synthesize methane.[8] These substrates are also important for the growth and maintenance of methanobacterium.[8]
Examples of Methanobacterium species
Methanobacterium bryantii is part of the syntrophic Methanobacillus omelianskii culture. Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg can undergo natural genetic transformation, the transfer of DNA from one cell to another.[9] Genetic transformation in archaeal species, generally, appears to be an adaptation for repairing DNA damage in a cell by utilizing intact DNA information derived from another cell.[10]
Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[11] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[2]
16S rRNA based LTP_08_2023[12][13][14] | 53 marker proteins based GTDB 08-RS214[15][16][17] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Unassigned species:
- "M. cahuitense" Dengler et al. 2023
- "M. curvum" Sun, Zhou & Dong 2001
- "M. propionicum" Stadtman & Barker 1951
- "M. soehngenii" Barker 1936
- "M. suboxydans" Stadtman & Barker 1951
- M. thermaggregans
- M. uliginosum König 1985
See also
References
- ^ a b Whitman, William B., ed. (14 September 2015). Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00495. ISBN 978-1-118-96060-8.
- ^ a b See the NCBI webpage on Methanobacterium. Data extracted from the "NCBI taxonomy resources". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 19 March 2007.
- ^ Boone, David R. (2015). "Methanobacterium". Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00495. ISBN 9781118960608.
- ^ Whitman, William B., ed. (14 September 2015). Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00495. ISBN 978-1-118-96060-8.
- ^ Wasserfallen, A.; Nolling, J.; Pfister, P.; Reeve, J.; Conway de Macario, E. (2000). "Phylogenetic analysis of 18 thermophilic Methanobacterium isolates supports the proposals to create a new genus, Methanothermobacter gen. nov., and to reclassify several isolates in three species, Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus comb. nov., Methanothermobacter wolfeii comb. nov., and Methanothermobacter marburgensis sp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 50 (1): 43–53. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-1-43. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 10826786.
- ^ a b c Whitman, William B., ed. (14 September 2015). Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00495. ISBN 978-1-118-96060-8.
- ^ a b "Midas Field Guide". midasfieldguide.org. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Kern, Tobias; Linge, Mary; Rother, Michael (1 June 2015). "Methanobacterium aggregans sp. nov., a hydrogenotrophic methanogenic archaeon isolated from an anaerobic digester". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 65 (Pt_6): 1975–1980. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000210. ISSN 1466-5026.
- ^ Worrell VE, Nagle DP Jr, McCarthy D, Eisenbraun A. Genetic transformation system in the archaebacterium Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg. J Bacteriol. 1988 Feb;170(2):653-6. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.2.653-656.1988. PMID 3422229; PMCID: PMC210704
- ^ Bernstein H, Bernstein C. Sexual communication in archaea, the precursor to meiosis. pp. 103–117 in Biocommunication of Archaea (Guenther Witzany, ed.) 2017. Springer International Publishing
- ^ J.P. Euzéby. "Methanobacterium". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 23 February 2022.
- ^ "The LTP". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ^ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ "ar53_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 10 May 2023.