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Pressure-induced hydration (PIH), also known as “super-hydration”, is a special case of pressure-induced insertion whereby water molecules are injected into the pores of microporous materials. In PIH, a microporous material is placed under pressure in the presence of water in the pressure-transmitting fluid of a diamond anvil cell.[1][2]

Early physical characterization[3] and initial diffraction experiments[4] in zeolites were followed by the first unequivocal structural characterization of PIH in the small-pore zeolite natrolite (Na16Al16Si24O80·16H2O), which in its fully super-hydrated form, Na16Al16Si24O80·32H2O, doubles[5] the amount of water it contains in its pores.

PIH has now been demonstrated in natrolites containing Li, K, Rb and Ag as monovalent cations[6][7] as well as in large-pore zeolites,[8] pyrochlores,[9] clays[10] and graphite oxide.[11]

Using the noble gases Ar, Kr, and Xe as well as CO2 as pressure-transmitting fluids, researchers have prepared and structurally characterized the products of reversible, pressure-induced insertion of Ar[12] Kr,[13] and CO2[14] as well as the irreversible insertion of Xe[13] and water.[15]

References

  1. ^ "Crystal's Strange Behavior Could Enable Chemical Cleanup". Scientific American.
  2. ^ Baur, Werner H. (2003). "Frameworks under pressure". Nature Materials. 2 (1): 17–18. doi:10.1038/nmat805. PMID 12652666. S2CID 137248079.
  3. ^ Moroz et al., Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 42 113 (2001)
  4. ^ R. M. Hazen, Science, 219, 1065 (1983)
  5. ^ Y. Lee, J.A. Hriljac, T. Vogt, J. B. Parise, G. Artioli, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12732-12733
  6. ^ D. Seoung, Y. Lee, CC Kao, T. Vogt, Y. Lee, Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 10876-10883
  7. ^ Y. Lee, D. Seoung, Y-N Jang, T. Vogt, Y. Lee, Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 5806-5811
  8. ^ M. Colligan, P.M. Forster, A.K. Cheetham, Y. Lee, T. Vogt, J.A. Hriljac J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 12015-12022
  9. ^ P.W. Barnes, P.M. Woodward, Y. Lee, T. Vogt, J.A. Hriljac J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125 (15), pp 4572–4579
  10. ^ Shujie You, Daniel Kunz, Matthias Stöter, Hussein Kalo, Bernd Putz, Josef Breu, Alexandr V. Talyzin. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2013; 52 (14): 3891
  11. ^ Alexandr V. Talyzin, Vladimir L. Solozhenko, Oleksandr O. Kurakevych, Tams Szab, Imre Dekany, Alexandr Kurnosov, and Vladimir Dmitriev Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 8268 –8271
  12. ^ Y. Lee, J.A. Hriljac, T. Vogt J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 6922-6927 (2010)
  13. ^ a b Donghoon Seoung, Yongmoon Lee, Hyunchae Cynn, Changyong Park, Kwang-Yong Choi, Douglas A Blom, William J Evans, Chi-Chang Kao, Thomas Vogt, Yongjae Lee, Nature chemistry 6(9), 835-829 (2014)
  14. ^ Y. Lee, D. Liu, D. Seoung, Z. Liu, CC Kao, T. Vogt J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133(6), 1674 - 1677
  15. ^ Yongjae Lee, Thomas Vogt, Joseph A. Hriljac, John B. Parise, Jonathan C. Hanson & Sun Jin Kim, Nature 420, 485-489 (2002)
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure-induced_hydration