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In mathematics, or more specifically in spectral theory, the Riesz projector is the projector onto the eigenspace corresponding to a particular eigenvalue of an operator (or, more generally, a projector onto an invariant subspace corresponding to an isolated part of the spectrum). It was introduced by Frigyes Riesz in 1912.^[1]^[2]

Definition

Let $A$ be a closed linear operator in the Banach space ${\mathfrak {B}}$ . Let $\Gamma$ be a simple or composite rectifiable contour, which encloses some region $G_{\Gamma }$ and lies entirely within the resolvent set $\rho (A)$ ( $\Gamma \subset \rho (A)$ ) of the operator $A$ . Assuming that the contour $\Gamma$ has a positive orientation with respect to the region $G_{\Gamma }$ , the Riesz projector corresponding to $\Gamma$ is defined by

P_{\Gamma }=-{\frac {1}{2\pi \mathrm {i} }}\oint _{\Gamma }(A-zI_{\mathfrak {B}})^{-1}\,\mathrm {d} z;

here $I_{\mathfrak {B}}$ is the identity operator in ${\mathfrak {B}}$ .

If $\lambda \in \sigma (A)$ is the only point of the spectrum of $A$ in $G_{\Gamma }$ , then $P_{\Gamma }$ is denoted by $P_{\lambda }$ .

Properties

The operator $P_{\Gamma }$ is a projector which commutes with $A$ , and hence in the decomposition

{\mathfrak {B}}={\mathfrak {L}}_{\Gamma }\oplus {\mathfrak {N}}_{\Gamma }\qquad {\mathfrak {L}}_{\Gamma }=P_{\Gamma }{\mathfrak {B}},\quad {\mathfrak {N}}_{\Gamma }=(I_{\mathfrak {B}}-P_{\Gamma }){\mathfrak {B}},

both terms ${\mathfrak {L}}_{\Gamma }$ and ${\mathfrak {N}}_{\Gamma }$ are invariant subspaces of the operator $A$ . Moreover,

The spectrum of the restriction of $A$ to the subspace ${\mathfrak {L}}_{\Gamma }$ is contained in the region $G_{\Gamma }$ ;
The spectrum of the restriction of $A$ to the subspace ${\mathfrak {N}}_{\Gamma }$ lies outside the closure of $G_{\Gamma }$ .

If $\Gamma _{1}$ and $\Gamma _{2}$ are two different contours having the properties indicated above, and the regions $G_{\Gamma _{1}}$ and $G_{\Gamma _{2}}$ have no points in common, then the projectors corresponding to them are mutually orthogonal:

P_{\Gamma _{1}}P_{\Gamma _{2}}=P_{\Gamma _{2}}P_{\Gamma _{1}}=0.

References

^ Riesz, F.; Sz.-Nagy, B. (1956). Functional Analysis. Blackie & Son Limited.
^ Gohberg, I. C; Kreĭn, M. G. (1969). Introduction to the theory of linear nonselfadjoint operators. American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I.

[1] Riesz, F.; Sz.-Nagy, B. (1956). Functional Analysis. Blackie & Son Limited.

[2] Gohberg, I. C; Kreĭn, M. G. (1969). Introduction to the theory of linear nonselfadjoint operators. American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I.

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Spectral theory and ^*-algebras
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Spectral Theorem	Borel functional calculus Min-max theorem Positive operator-valued measure Projection-valued measure Riesz projector Rigged Hilbert space Spectral theorem Spectral theory of compact operators Spectral theory of normal C*-algebras
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Definition

Properties

See also

References