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Santur Corporation developed, manufactured and commercialized tunable lasers as well as parallel array devices and photonic integrated circuits for the telecommunications industry.[1] It was established in November 2000 in Fremont, California initially developing and commercializing the tunable lasers for metro and long-haul dense wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems. The company had a patented a Distributed Feedback Laser (DFB)-array technology, which enabled the manufacture of broadly tunable sources that have the same performance and reliability as fixed DFBs. Santur claimed to have set a new standard in the telecommunications industry with its technology that features a unique combination of high power, wide tunability, stability, Telcordia GR-468 reliability, and value.[2]

NeoPhotonics, a California-based company that develops, manufactures, and sells optoelectronic products, acquired Santur in 2011 for $39.2 million.[3] The acquisition allowed NeoPhotonics access to Santur's 40 and 100 Gbit/s products. As the long-distance fiber optics technology has moved to coherent modulation techniques and laser linewidth has become more important, the Santur design of a DFB array with a MEMS mirror has been discontinued in favor of an external cavity tunable laser that was developed by NewFocus, Intel, and then Emcore, and acquired by Neophotonics in 2014.[4]

Tunable laser technology

Santur Corporation's development of tunable lasers was considered timely, as wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM), or adding multiple lanes at different colors into the same fiber for increased capacity was gaining popularity in long haul and metropolitan fiber optic links.[5] A tunable laser could function at any wavelength, eliminating the cost of manufacturing and the logistics of maintaining up to 80 different parts.[6] This is the case since tunability offers a more flexible and less costly operation. Given the large venture capital investments of the time, dozens of approaches and technologies were proposed. Competing companies includes Iolon corporation, Agility Communications, and Bandwidth9.[7] Earlier in 2000, another tunable laser company CoreTek had been sold to Nortel Corporation for approximately $1.4B.[8][9]

Unlike other tunable lasers that have a single cavity that is adjusted to change the wavelength, Santur used an array of 12 or 14 lasers, each at a different wavelength, all fabricated on a single chip at about a ten micrometre pitch. Simply switching between lasers changes the wavelength in a coarse manner. Like most wavelength controlled telecommunication lasers, the laser chip is mounted on a thermoelectric cooler to stabilize the temperature. By making small adjustments to the inside temperature of the package, fine tuning of the wavelength can be realized. Additionally, the Santur laser package contains a micromechanical mirror that deflects in both x and y axes in order to couple the laser beam to the output fiber. This "switch" is necessary since each laser of the array emits at a different output aperture.[10] The micromechanical mirror loosens tolerances needed for packaging and allows the assembly to be put together with coarse tolerances and aligned electronically.[11][12]

When the optical market improved in 2006, Santur gained substantial market share.[13] Single chip tunable lasers, such those of Agility (part of JDSU) and Bookham Oclaro had gained popularity,[14] but Santur claimed substantial Internet traffic used their products, of which 200,000 had shipped by 2008.[15]

References

  1. ^ "Company Overview of Santur Corporation". Bloomberg. August 14, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  2. ^ "Santur Corporation to Supply StrataLight With Widely Tunable Lasers for 40G". MarketWired. March 27, 2007. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  3. ^ "NeoPhotonics buys Santur for $39.2M". 2011-11-01. Archived from the original on 2011-11-01. Retrieved 2021-04-07.
  4. ^ "Emcore announces the sale of its tunable laser and transceiver product lines to NeoPhotonics". www.globenewswire.com. October 23, 2014.
  5. ^ Dan Sweeny (May 1, 2002). "Why tunable lasers are hot: four different approaches and at least four different applications--no wonder no one wants to pick a winner". Telecom Asia. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
  6. ^ http://www.commsdesign.com/design_corner/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=16503549 [dead link]
  7. ^ "Fastpanel".
  8. ^ "Coretek Is Closed". Light Reading. September 26, 2002. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
  9. ^ "Agility Communications, Inc". Light Reading. April 12, 2000. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
  10. ^ Tunable Lasers in Optical Networks, J. Buus, and E. J. Murphy, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 24, p 5-11, 2006
  11. ^ Tunable Semiconductor Lasers: A Tutorial by Larry A. Coldren, G. A. Fish, Y. Akulova, J. S. Barton, L. Johansson, and C. W. Coldren, Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 22, Issue 1, pp. 193- (2004)
  12. ^ 20-mW widely tunable laser module using DFB array and MEMS selection Pezeshki, B; Vail, E; Kubicky, J; Yoffe, ; Zou, S; Heanue, J; Epp, P; Rishton, S; Ton, D; Faraji, B; Emanuel, M; Hong, X; Sherback, M; Agrawal, V; Chipman, C; Razazan, T, in IEEE Photonics Technology Letters. Vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 1457-1459. October 2002
  13. ^ "Santur Ships 100K". News release. November 14, 2007. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
  14. ^ "Competition heightens in the tunable laser market". Fibre System. September 11, 2006. Archived from the original on April 7, 2008. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
  15. ^ "Santur ships 200,000th widely tunable laser based on integrated laser arrays". News release. Santur Corporation. December 8, 2008. Archived from the original on July 21, 2009. Retrieved May 27, 2013.
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santur_Corporation