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LabLynx Wiki
Posted on July 23, 2020
By
Robert Payne
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Contents
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(Top)
1
Overview
2
Pre-1960s conceptual history
Toggle Pre-1960s conceptual history subsection
2.1
Spontaneous generation
2.2
Panspermia
2.3
"A warm little pond": primordial soup
2.4
Miller–Urey experiment
3
Producing a habitable Earth
Toggle Producing a habitable Earth subsection
3.1
Evolutionary history
3.1.1
Early universe with first stars
3.1.2
Emergence of Earth
3.1.3
Earliest evidence of life
4
Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis
Toggle Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis subsection
4.1
Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
4.1.1
PAH world hypothesis
4.1.2
Nucleobases and Nucleotides
4.2
Laboratory synthesis
4.2.1
Sugars
4.2.2
Nucleobases
5
Producing suitable vesicles
6
Producing biology
Toggle Producing biology subsection
6.1
Energy and entropy
6.2
Chemiosmosis
6.3
The RNA world
6.4
Phylogeny and LUCA
7
Suitable geological environments
Toggle Suitable geological environments subsection
7.1
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
7.1.1
Hot fluids
7.1.2
Chemiosmotic gradient
7.1.3
Arguments against a vent setting
7.2
Surface bodies of water
7.2.1
Hot springs
7.2.2
Temperate surface bodies of water
7.2.3
Icy surface bodies of water
8
Homochirality
9
See also
10
Notes
11
References
12
Sources
13
External links
Toggle the table of contents
68 languages
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…
LIMSpec Wiki
Posted on July 23, 2020
By
Robert Payne
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Contents
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(Top)
1
Overview
2
Pre-1960s conceptual history
Toggle Pre-1960s conceptual history subsection
2.1
Spontaneous generation
2.2
Panspermia
2.3
"A warm little pond": primordial soup
2.4
Miller–Urey experiment
3
Producing a habitable Earth
Toggle Producing a habitable Earth subsection
3.1
Evolutionary history
3.1.1
Early universe with first stars
3.1.2
Emergence of Earth
3.1.3
Earliest evidence of life
4
Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis
Toggle Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis subsection
4.1
Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
4.1.1
PAH world hypothesis
4.1.2
Nucleobases and Nucleotides
4.2
Laboratory synthesis
4.2.1
Sugars
4.2.2
Nucleobases
5
Producing suitable vesicles
6
Producing biology
Toggle Producing biology subsection
6.1
Energy and entropy
6.2
Chemiosmosis
6.3
The RNA world
6.4
Phylogeny and LUCA
7
Suitable geological environments
Toggle Suitable geological environments subsection
7.1
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
7.1.1
Hot fluids
7.1.2
Chemiosmotic gradient
7.1.3
Arguments against a vent setting
7.2
Surface bodies of water
7.2.1
Hot springs
7.2.2
Temperate surface bodies of water
7.2.3
Icy surface bodies of water
8
Homochirality
9
See also
10
Notes
11
References
12
Sources
13
External links
Toggle the table of contents
68 languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Asturianu
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تۆرکجه
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Slovenčina
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Life arising from non-living matter
"Origin of life" redirects here.
…
Bioinformatics Wiki
Posted on July 23, 2020
By
Robert Payne
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Contents
move to sidebar
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(Top)
1
Overview
2
Pre-1960s conceptual history
Toggle Pre-1960s conceptual history subsection
2.1
Spontaneous generation
2.2
Panspermia
2.3
"A warm little pond": primordial soup
2.4
Miller–Urey experiment
3
Producing a habitable Earth
Toggle Producing a habitable Earth subsection
3.1
Evolutionary history
3.1.1
Early universe with first stars
3.1.2
Emergence of Earth
3.1.3
Earliest evidence of life
4
Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis
Toggle Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis subsection
4.1
Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
4.1.1
PAH world hypothesis
4.1.2
Nucleobases and Nucleotides
4.2
Laboratory synthesis
4.2.1
Sugars
4.2.2
Nucleobases
5
Producing suitable vesicles
6
Producing biology
Toggle Producing biology subsection
6.1
Energy and entropy
6.2
Chemiosmosis
6.3
The RNA world
6.4
Phylogeny and LUCA
7
Suitable geological environments
Toggle Suitable geological environments subsection
7.1
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
7.1.1
Hot fluids
7.1.2
Chemiosmotic gradient
7.1.3
Arguments against a vent setting
7.2
Surface bodies of water
7.2.1
Hot springs
7.2.2
Temperate surface bodies of water
7.2.3
Icy surface bodies of water
8
Homochirality
9
See also
10
Notes
11
References
12
Sources
13
External links
Toggle the table of contents
68 languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
বাংলা
Български
Bosanski
Català
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
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Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Italiano
עברית
Jawa
ქართული
Қазақша
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
მარგალური
مصرى
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk bokmål
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پښتو
Patois
Português
Română
Русский
Саха тыла
සිංහල
سنڌي
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
ไทย
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
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中文
Edit links
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Life arising from non-living matter
"Origin of life" redirects here.
…
IHE Wiki
Posted on July 23, 2020
By
Robert Payne
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Contents
move to sidebar
hide
(Top)
1
Overview
2
Pre-1960s conceptual history
Toggle Pre-1960s conceptual history subsection
2.1
Spontaneous generation
2.2
Panspermia
2.3
"A warm little pond": primordial soup
2.4
Miller–Urey experiment
3
Producing a habitable Earth
Toggle Producing a habitable Earth subsection
3.1
Evolutionary history
3.1.1
Early universe with first stars
3.1.2
Emergence of Earth
3.1.3
Earliest evidence of life
4
Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis
Toggle Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis subsection
4.1
Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
4.1.1
PAH world hypothesis
4.1.2
Nucleobases and Nucleotides
4.2
Laboratory synthesis
4.2.1
Sugars
4.2.2
Nucleobases
5
Producing suitable vesicles
6
Producing biology
Toggle Producing biology subsection
6.1
Energy and entropy
6.2
Chemiosmosis
6.3
The RNA world
6.4
Phylogeny and LUCA
7
Suitable geological environments
Toggle Suitable geological environments subsection
7.1
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
7.1.1
Hot fluids
7.1.2
Chemiosmotic gradient
7.1.3
Arguments against a vent setting
7.2
Surface bodies of water
7.2.1
Hot springs
7.2.2
Temperate surface bodies of water
7.2.3
Icy surface bodies of water
8
Homochirality
9
See also
10
Notes
11
References
12
Sources
13
External links
Toggle the table of contents
68 languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
বাংলা
Български
Bosanski
Català
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Italiano
עברית
Jawa
ქართული
Қазақша
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
მარგალური
مصرى
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk bokmål
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پښتو
Patois
Português
Română
Русский
Саха тыла
සිංහල
سنڌي
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
ไทย
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
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Tiếng Việt
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吴语
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中文
Edit links
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Life arising from non-living matter
"Origin of life" redirects here.
…
HL7 Wiki
Posted on July 23, 2020
By
Robert Payne
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Contents
move to sidebar
hide
(Top)
1
Overview
2
Pre-1960s conceptual history
Toggle Pre-1960s conceptual history subsection
2.1
Spontaneous generation
2.2
Panspermia
2.3
"A warm little pond": primordial soup
2.4
Miller–Urey experiment
3
Producing a habitable Earth
Toggle Producing a habitable Earth subsection
3.1
Evolutionary history
3.1.1
Early universe with first stars
3.1.2
Emergence of Earth
3.1.3
Earliest evidence of life
4
Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis
Toggle Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis subsection
4.1
Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
4.1.1
PAH world hypothesis
4.1.2
Nucleobases and Nucleotides
4.2
Laboratory synthesis
4.2.1
Sugars
4.2.2
Nucleobases
5
Producing suitable vesicles
6
Producing biology
Toggle Producing biology subsection
6.1
Energy and entropy
6.2
Chemiosmosis
6.3
The RNA world
6.4
Phylogeny and LUCA
7
Suitable geological environments
Toggle Suitable geological environments subsection
7.1
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
7.1.1
Hot fluids
7.1.2
Chemiosmotic gradient
7.1.3
Arguments against a vent setting
7.2
Surface bodies of water
7.2.1
Hot springs
7.2.2
Temperate surface bodies of water
7.2.3
Icy surface bodies of water
8
Homochirality
9
See also
10
Notes
11
References
12
Sources
13
External links
Toggle the table of contents
68 languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
বাংলা
Български
Bosanski
Català
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Italiano
עברית
Jawa
ქართული
Қазақша
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
მარგალური
مصرى
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk bokmål
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پښتو
Patois
Português
Română
Русский
Саха тыла
සිංහල
سنڌي
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
ไทย
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
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中文
Edit links
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Life arising from non-living matter
"Origin of life" redirects here.
…
Clinfowiki
Posted on July 23, 2020
By
Robert Payne
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Contents
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(Top)
1
Overview
2
Pre-1960s conceptual history
Toggle Pre-1960s conceptual history subsection
2.1
Spontaneous generation
2.2
Panspermia
2.3
"A warm little pond": primordial soup
2.4
Miller–Urey experiment
3
Producing a habitable Earth
Toggle Producing a habitable Earth subsection
3.1
Evolutionary history
3.1.1
Early universe with first stars
3.1.2
Emergence of Earth
3.1.3
Earliest evidence of life
4
Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis
Toggle Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis subsection
4.1
Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
4.1.1
PAH world hypothesis
4.1.2
Nucleobases and Nucleotides
4.2
Laboratory synthesis
4.2.1
Sugars
4.2.2
Nucleobases
5
Producing suitable vesicles
6
Producing biology
Toggle Producing biology subsection
6.1
Energy and entropy
6.2
Chemiosmosis
6.3
The RNA world
6.4
Phylogeny and LUCA
7
Suitable geological environments
Toggle Suitable geological environments subsection
7.1
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
7.1.1
Hot fluids
7.1.2
Chemiosmotic gradient
7.1.3
Arguments against a vent setting
7.2
Surface bodies of water
7.2.1
Hot springs
7.2.2
Temperate surface bodies of water
7.2.3
Icy surface bodies of water
8
Homochirality
9
See also
10
Notes
11
References
12
Sources
13
External links
Toggle the table of contents
68 languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
বাংলা
Български
Bosanski
Català
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Italiano
עברית
Jawa
ქართული
Қазақша
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
მარგალური
مصرى
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk bokmål
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پښتو
Patois
Português
Română
Русский
Саха тыла
සිංහල
سنڌي
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
ไทย
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
Winaray
吴语
粵語
中文
Edit links
Article
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English
Read
View history
Tools
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Life arising from non-living matter
"Origin of life" redirects here.
…
OpenWetWare
Posted on July 23, 2020
By
Robert Payne
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Contents
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1
Overview
2
Pre-1960s conceptual history
Toggle Pre-1960s conceptual history subsection
2.1
Spontaneous generation
2.2
Panspermia
2.3
"A warm little pond": primordial soup
2.4
Miller–Urey experiment
3
Producing a habitable Earth
Toggle Producing a habitable Earth subsection
3.1
Evolutionary history
3.1.1
Early universe with first stars
3.1.2
Emergence of Earth
3.1.3
Earliest evidence of life
4
Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis
Toggle Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis subsection
4.1
Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
4.1.1
PAH world hypothesis
4.1.2
Nucleobases and Nucleotides
4.2
Laboratory synthesis
4.2.1
Sugars
4.2.2
Nucleobases
5
Producing suitable vesicles
6
Producing biology
Toggle Producing biology subsection
6.1
Energy and entropy
6.2
Chemiosmosis
6.3
The RNA world
6.4
Phylogeny and LUCA
7
Suitable geological environments
Toggle Suitable geological environments subsection
7.1
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
7.1.1
Hot fluids
7.1.2
Chemiosmotic gradient
7.1.3
Arguments against a vent setting
7.2
Surface bodies of water
7.2.1
Hot springs
7.2.2
Temperate surface bodies of water
7.2.3
Icy surface bodies of water
8
Homochirality
9
See also
10
Notes
11
References
12
Sources
13
External links
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Life arising from non-living matter
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Statistical Genetics Wiki
Posted on July 23, 2020
By
Robert Payne
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1
Overview
2
Pre-1960s conceptual history
Toggle Pre-1960s conceptual history subsection
2.1
Spontaneous generation
2.2
Panspermia
2.3
"A warm little pond": primordial soup
2.4
Miller–Urey experiment
3
Producing a habitable Earth
Toggle Producing a habitable Earth subsection
3.1
Evolutionary history
3.1.1
Early universe with first stars
3.1.2
Emergence of Earth
3.1.3
Earliest evidence of life
4
Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis
Toggle Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis subsection
4.1
Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
4.1.1
PAH world hypothesis
4.1.2
Nucleobases and Nucleotides
4.2
Laboratory synthesis
4.2.1
Sugars
4.2.2
Nucleobases
5
Producing suitable vesicles
6
Producing biology
Toggle Producing biology subsection
6.1
Energy and entropy
6.2
Chemiosmosis
6.3
The RNA world
6.4
Phylogeny and LUCA
7
Suitable geological environments
Toggle Suitable geological environments subsection
7.1
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
7.1.1
Hot fluids
7.1.2
Chemiosmotic gradient
7.1.3
Arguments against a vent setting
7.2
Surface bodies of water
7.2.1
Hot springs
7.2.2
Temperate surface bodies of water
7.2.3
Icy surface bodies of water
8
Homochirality
9
See also
10
Notes
11
References
12
Sources
13
External links
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Cloud-Standards.org
Posted on July 23, 2020
By
Robert Payne
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1
Overview
2
Pre-1960s conceptual history
Toggle Pre-1960s conceptual history subsection
2.1
Spontaneous generation
2.2
Panspermia
2.3
"A warm little pond": primordial soup
2.4
Miller–Urey experiment
3
Producing a habitable Earth
Toggle Producing a habitable Earth subsection
3.1
Evolutionary history
3.1.1
Early universe with first stars
3.1.2
Emergence of Earth
3.1.3
Earliest evidence of life
4
Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis
Toggle Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis subsection
4.1
Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
4.1.1
PAH world hypothesis
4.1.2
Nucleobases and Nucleotides
4.2
Laboratory synthesis
4.2.1
Sugars
4.2.2
Nucleobases
5
Producing suitable vesicles
6
Producing biology
Toggle Producing biology subsection
6.1
Energy and entropy
6.2
Chemiosmosis
6.3
The RNA world
6.4
Phylogeny and LUCA
7
Suitable geological environments
Toggle Suitable geological environments subsection
7.1
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
7.1.1
Hot fluids
7.1.2
Chemiosmotic gradient
7.1.3
Arguments against a vent setting
7.2
Surface bodies of water
7.2.1
Hot springs
7.2.2
Temperate surface bodies of water
7.2.3
Icy surface bodies of water
8
Homochirality
9
See also
10
Notes
11
References
12
Sources
13
External links
Toggle the table of contents
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Life arising from non-living matter
"Origin of life" redirects here.
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WikiBooks
Posted on July 23, 2020
By
Robert Payne
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1
Overview
2
Pre-1960s conceptual history
Toggle Pre-1960s conceptual history subsection
2.1
Spontaneous generation
2.2
Panspermia
2.3
"A warm little pond": primordial soup
2.4
Miller–Urey experiment
3
Producing a habitable Earth
Toggle Producing a habitable Earth subsection
3.1
Evolutionary history
3.1.1
Early universe with first stars
3.1.2
Emergence of Earth
3.1.3
Earliest evidence of life
4
Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis
Toggle Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis subsection
4.1
Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
4.1.1
PAH world hypothesis
4.1.2
Nucleobases and Nucleotides
4.2
Laboratory synthesis
4.2.1
Sugars
4.2.2
Nucleobases
5
Producing suitable vesicles
6
Producing biology
Toggle Producing biology subsection
6.1
Energy and entropy
6.2
Chemiosmosis
6.3
The RNA world
6.4
Phylogeny and LUCA
7
Suitable geological environments
Toggle Suitable geological environments subsection
7.1
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
7.1.1
Hot fluids
7.1.2
Chemiosmotic gradient
7.1.3
Arguments against a vent setting
7.2
Surface bodies of water
7.2.1
Hot springs
7.2.2
Temperate surface bodies of water
7.2.3
Icy surface bodies of water
8
Homochirality
9
See also
10
Notes
11
References
12
Sources
13
External links
Toggle the table of contents
68 languages
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"Origin of life" redirects here.
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LIMSwiki
Posted on July 23, 2020
By
Robert Payne
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1
Overview
2
Pre-1960s conceptual history
Toggle Pre-1960s conceptual history subsection
2.1
Spontaneous generation
2.2
Panspermia
2.3
"A warm little pond": primordial soup
2.4
Miller–Urey experiment
3
Producing a habitable Earth
Toggle Producing a habitable Earth subsection
3.1
Evolutionary history
3.1.1
Early universe with first stars
3.1.2
Emergence of Earth
3.1.3
Earliest evidence of life
4
Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis
Toggle Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis subsection
4.1
Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
4.1.1
PAH world hypothesis
4.1.2
Nucleobases and Nucleotides
4.2
Laboratory synthesis
4.2.1
Sugars
4.2.2
Nucleobases
5
Producing suitable vesicles
6
Producing biology
Toggle Producing biology subsection
6.1
Energy and entropy
6.2
Chemiosmosis
6.3
The RNA world
6.4
Phylogeny and LUCA
7
Suitable geological environments
Toggle Suitable geological environments subsection
7.1
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
7.1.1
Hot fluids
7.1.2
Chemiosmotic gradient
7.1.3
Arguments against a vent setting
7.2
Surface bodies of water
7.2.1
Hot springs
7.2.2
Temperate surface bodies of water
7.2.3
Icy surface bodies of water
8
Homochirality
9
See also
10
Notes
11
References
12
Sources
13
External links
Toggle the table of contents
68 languages
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Wikiversity
Posted on July 23, 2020
By
Robert Payne
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1
Overview
2
Pre-1960s conceptual history
Toggle Pre-1960s conceptual history subsection
2.1
Spontaneous generation
2.2
Panspermia
2.3
"A warm little pond": primordial soup
2.4
Miller–Urey experiment
3
Producing a habitable Earth
Toggle Producing a habitable Earth subsection
3.1
Evolutionary history
3.1.1
Early universe with first stars
3.1.2
Emergence of Earth
3.1.3
Earliest evidence of life
4
Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis
Toggle Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis subsection
4.1
Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
4.1.1
PAH world hypothesis
4.1.2
Nucleobases and Nucleotides
4.2
Laboratory synthesis
4.2.1
Sugars
4.2.2
Nucleobases
5
Producing suitable vesicles
6
Producing biology
Toggle Producing biology subsection
6.1
Energy and entropy
6.2
Chemiosmosis
6.3
The RNA world
6.4
Phylogeny and LUCA
7
Suitable geological environments
Toggle Suitable geological environments subsection
7.1
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
7.1.1
Hot fluids
7.1.2
Chemiosmotic gradient
7.1.3
Arguments against a vent setting
7.2
Surface bodies of water
7.2.1
Hot springs
7.2.2
Temperate surface bodies of water
7.2.3
Icy surface bodies of water
8
Homochirality
9
See also
10
Notes
11
References
12
Sources
13
External links
Toggle the table of contents
68 languages
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Life arising from non-living matter
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Wikipedia
Posted on July 23, 2020
By
Robert Payne
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1
Overview
2
Pre-1960s conceptual history
Toggle Pre-1960s conceptual history subsection
2.1
Spontaneous generation
2.2
Panspermia
2.3
"A warm little pond": primordial soup
2.4
Miller–Urey experiment
3
Producing a habitable Earth
Toggle Producing a habitable Earth subsection
3.1
Evolutionary history
3.1.1
Early universe with first stars
3.1.2
Emergence of Earth
3.1.3
Earliest evidence of life
4
Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis
Toggle Producing molecules: prebiotic synthesis subsection
4.1
Observed extraterrestrial organic molecules
4.1.1
PAH world hypothesis
4.1.2
Nucleobases and Nucleotides
4.2
Laboratory synthesis
4.2.1
Sugars
4.2.2
Nucleobases
5
Producing suitable vesicles
6
Producing biology
Toggle Producing biology subsection
6.1
Energy and entropy
6.2
Chemiosmosis
6.3
The RNA world
6.4
Phylogeny and LUCA
7
Suitable geological environments
Toggle Suitable geological environments subsection
7.1
Deep sea hydrothermal vents
7.1.1
Hot fluids
7.1.2
Chemiosmotic gradient
7.1.3
Arguments against a vent setting
7.2
Surface bodies of water
7.2.1
Hot springs
7.2.2
Temperate surface bodies of water
7.2.3
Icy surface bodies of water
8
Homochirality
9
See also
10
Notes
11
References
12
Sources
13
External links
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Life arising from non-living matter
"Origin of life" redirects here.
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