{"ID":79565,"post_author":"2","post_date":"2019-03-26 17:40:41","post_date_gmt":"2019-03-26 21:40:41","post_content":"","post_title":"Laboratory Information Management for Cannabis Quality Assurance","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","post_password":"","post_name":"laboratory-information-management-for-cannabis-quality-assurance","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-01-12 11:06:50","post_modified_gmt":"2021-01-12 16:06:50","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.limsforum.com\/?post_type=ebook&p=79565","menu_order":0,"post_type":"ebook","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"","_ebook_metadata":{"enabled":"on","private":"0","guid":"4DC37D1A-37ED-4129-97FE-900A69D02F38","title":"Laboratory Information Management for Cannabis Quality Assurance","subtitle":"2021 Edition","cover_theme":"nico_8","cover_image":"https:\/\/www.limsforum.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/rdp-ebook-builder\/pl\/cover.php?cover_style=nico_8&subtitle=2021+Edition&editor=Shawn+Douglas&title=Laboratory+Information+Management+for+Cannabis+Quality+Assurance&title_image=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.limsforum.com%2Fwww.limsforum.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F520px-Cannbis_Samples_for_Testing.jpg&publisher=LabLynx+Press","editor":"Shawn Douglas","publisher":"LabLynx Press","author_id":"26","image_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/19\/Cannbis_Samples_for_Testing.jpg\/520px-Cannbis_Samples_for_Testing.jpg","items":{"db9986801fabf2bef6c68a569f1d153b_type":"article","db9986801fabf2bef6c68a569f1d153b_title":"Need More Help? Contact us","db9986801fabf2bef6c68a569f1d153b_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Need_More_Help%3F_Contact_us","db9986801fabf2bef6c68a569f1d153b_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tNeed More Help? Contact us \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t The cannabis industry is a robust, thriving and rapidly expanding one, with opportunities in a wide range of aspects, not least of which are cannabis research and QA testing. If you would like additional guidance regarding the industry and especially about laboratories and\/or laboratory informatics, if you have any questions about this book, or if you would like to learn about LabLynx's LIMS Solution for Cannabis Testing, contact us:\nAlan Vaughan\nLabLynx, Inc.\navaughan@lablynx.com \n770.859.1992 ext.114\nLinkedIn: https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alanvprofile\n\r\n\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Need_More_Help%3F_Contact_us\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Need_More_Help%3F_Contact_us<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 28 March 2017, at 18:17.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 2,474 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","db9986801fabf2bef6c68a569f1d153b_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Need_More_Help_Contact_us skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Need More Help? Contact us<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannabis_testing_QA_facing_left.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"8a20eceab2e4086c35196d4a3c836ac1\"><img alt=\"Cannabis testing QA facing left.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/09\/Cannabis_testing_QA_facing_left.jpg\/300px-Cannabis_testing_QA_facing_left.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"142\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannabis_testing_QA_facing_left.jpg\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"8a20eceab2e4086c35196d4a3c836ac1\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>The cannabis industry is a robust, thriving and rapidly expanding one, with opportunities in a wide range of aspects, not least of which are cannabis research and QA testing. If you would like additional guidance regarding the industry and especially about laboratories and\/or laboratory informatics, if you have any questions about this book, or if you would like to learn about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx's<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">LIMS Solution for Cannabis Testing<\/a>, contact us:\n<p>Alan Vaughan\n<\/p><p>LabLynx, Inc.\n<\/p><p>avaughan@lablynx.com \n<\/p><p>770.859.1992 ext.114\n<\/p><p>LinkedIn: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alanvprofile\">https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/alanvprofile<\/a>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:LabLynnx-logo250.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"623e62bd48d702d355edbed5ac068178\"><img alt=\"LabLynnx-logo250.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/6\/67\/LabLynnx-logo250.png\" width=\"250\" height=\"98\" \/><\/a>\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.006 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.020 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 8\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 1\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Need_More_Help%3F_Contact_us\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Need_More_Help%3F_Contact_us<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","db9986801fabf2bef6c68a569f1d153b_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/09\/Cannabis_testing_QA_facing_left.jpg\/600px-Cannabis_testing_QA_facing_left.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/6\/67\/LabLynnx-logo250.png"],"db9986801fabf2bef6c68a569f1d153b_timestamp":1610467642,"680007f51061f7e5cb6f3a3d5a45e27c_type":"article","680007f51061f7e5cb6f3a3d5a45e27c_title":"Cannabis Industry Resources","680007f51061f7e5cb6f3a3d5a45e27c_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Industry_Resources","680007f51061f7e5cb6f3a3d5a45e27c_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tCannabis Industry Resources \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tThere are a number of organizations and reference resources associated with the cannabis industry. These range from advocacy bodies who seek to promote and encourage the growth of the industry or of cannabis use generally, either medicinally, recreationally or both, to educational bodies providing training and qualifications suited to employment within various aspects of the industry, to industry magazines and leading blogs, conventions, events, to any number and types of service providers.\nThe resources provided here (care of Chapter 6 of Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States on LIMSwiki) represent some of the more established, legitimate, and, hopefully, helpful sources, categorized for convenience, and together with the Glossary offer a fair foundation from which to explore further various aspects of the intriguing, important and expanding cannabis industry.\n\nContents\n\n1 Reference material \n\n1.1 Law and regulation \n1.2 Standards and guidance \n1.3 Testing \n1.4 Accreditation and certification \n\n\n2 Publications and blogs \n3 Education and training \n4 Scientific conferences and trade shows \n5 Associations, organizations, and interest groups \n6 Support services \n\n\n\nReference material \n Chambers, R. (08 August 2013). \"Leafly Glossary of Cannabis Terms\". Leafly - Cannabis 101. Leafly Holdings, Inc. https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/cannabis-101\/glossary-of-cannabis-terms .   \n ElSohly, M.A.; Radwan, M.M.; Gul, W. et al. (2017). \"Phytochemistry of Cannabis sativa L.\". Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products 103: 1\u201336. doi:10.1007\/978-3-319-45541-9_1. PMID 28120229.   \n National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (12 January 2017). \"The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: The current state of evidence and recommendations for research\". The National Academies Press. pp. 440. doi:10.17226\/24625. https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/24625\/the-health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids-the-current-state .   \n National Conference of State Legislatures (2016). \"Marijuana Deep Dive\". https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/bookstore\/state-legislatures-magazine\/marijuana-deep-dive.aspx .   \n Office of National Drug Control Policy. \"Marijuana Resource Center\". Archived from the original on 17 January 2017. http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170117133745\/https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/ondcp\/marijuanainfo .   \n Thomas, B.F.; ElSohly, M.A. (2016). Thomas, B.F. ed. The Analytical Chemistry of Cannabis. Elsevier. pp. 132. ISBN 9780128046708. https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Hs5PCgAAQBAJ .   \n World Health Organization (2016). Hall, W.; Renstr\u00f6m, M.; Poznyak, V. ed. The health and social effects of nonmedical cannabis use. World Health Organization. pp. 95. ISBN 978921510240. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241510240 .   \n\r\n\n\nLaw and regulation \n \"Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC: Laws, Fees, and Possession Limits\". ProCon.org. 24 July 2019. https:\/\/medicalmarijuana.procon.org\/legal-medical-marijuana-states-and-dc\/ .   \n \"Recreational Marijuana Laws in the United States\". Leafly's Guide to Marijuana Legalization. Leafly Holdings, Inc. November 2020. https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/learn\/legalization\/recreational-states .   \n \"Marijuana Business: Licenses, Permits, and Planning\". FindLaw. Thomson Reuters. 18 October 2019. https:\/\/public.findlaw.com\/cannabis-law\/starting-a-cannabis-business\/marijuana-business-licenses-permits-and-planning.html .   \n Horn, J.; Bogot, W. (08 January 2021). \"National Survey on Marijuana Laws and Regulations\". Fox Rothschild LLP. https:\/\/www.foxrothschild.com\/publications\/national-survey-on-marijuana-laws-and-regulations\/ .   \n National Conference of State Legislatures (10 November 2020). \"State Medical Marijuana Laws\". https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/health\/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx .   \n Rough, Lisa; Leafly Staff (24 February 2020). \"Cannabis Testing Regulations: A State-by-state Guide\". Leafly - Industry. Leafly Holdings, Inc. https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/industry\/leaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations .   \n U.S. Food & Drug Administration (01 October 2020). \"FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, Including Cannabidiol (CBD)\". https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/public-health-focus\/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd .   \n\r\n\n\nStandards and guidance \n American Council of Independent Laboratories (2020). \"Cannabis Working Group - ACIL\". https:\/\/www.acil.org\/page\/Cannibis_Working_Group .   (See the link to \"CanNaLap Laboratory Requirements\" and \"CanNaLap Requirements for Accreditation Bodies\" for cannabis laboratory accreditation materials from ACIL)\n Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (2020). \"Cannabis Analytical Science Program\". https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/resources\/?topic=Cannabis&pagination=2 .   \n ASTM International. \"Committee D37 on Cannabis\". https:\/\/www.astm.org\/COMMITTEE\/D37.htm .   (See each sub-committee for proposed and approved standards)\n Cannabis Control Commission (01 December 2017). \"Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries\" (Word). Commonwealth of Massachusetts. pp. 21. https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/doc\/protocol-for-sampling-and-analysis-of-finished-medical-marijuana-products-and-marijuana-1\/download .   \n Cannabis Committee, AHPA (02 February 2016). \"Recommendations for Regulators \u2013 Cannabis Operations\" (PDF). American Herbal Products Association. http:\/\/www.ahpa.org\/Portals\/0\/pdfs\/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf .   \n Gray, P.J.; Mindak, W.R.; Cheng, J. (February 2020). \"Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Determination of Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, and Other Elements in Food Using Microwave Assisted Digestion\" (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/87509\/download .   \n Upton, R.; Craker, L.; ElSohly, M. et al., ed. (2014). Cannabis Inflorescence: Cannabis spp.. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. ISBN 1929425333. https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/online-ordering-cannabis-inflorescence-qc-monograph\/ .   \n U.S. Food & Drug Administration (19 September 2018). \"Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM)\". https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/laboratory-methods-food\/pesticide-analytical-manual-pam .   \n U.S. Food & Drug Administration (20 February 2016). \"Residue Analytical Methods (RAM)\". https:\/\/archive.epa.gov\/pesticides\/methods\/rammethods\/web\/html\/ram12b.html .   \n\r\n\n\nTesting \n American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA). \"Cannabis Testing Laboratory Accreditation Program\". https:\/\/www.a2la.org\/accreditation\/cannabis-testing .   \n Association of Public Health Laboratories (2018). \"Cannabis Testing\". https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/programs\/environmental_health\/Pages\/Cannabis-Testing.aspx .   \n Association of Public Health Laboratories (May 2016). \"Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs\" (PDF). pp. 35. https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf .   \n Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (2020). \"Marijuana reference library\". https:\/\/cdphe.colorado.gov\/laboratory-services\/inspection-of-marijuana-testing-facilities\/marijuana-reference-library .   \n Daley, P.; Lampach, D.; Sguerra, S. (12 September 2013). \"Testing Cannabis for Contaminants\" (PDF). BOTEC Analysis Corp. https:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/publications\/Marijuana\/BOTEC%20reports\/1a-Testing-for-Contaminants-Final-Revised.pdf .   \n United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (September 2009). \"Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of cannabis and cannabis products\" (PDF). https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/scientific\/ST-NAR-40-Ebook_1.pdf .   (Note year; still provides historical perspective)\n United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (June 2013). \"Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in seized materials\" (PDF). https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/scientific\/STNAR48_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_ENG.pdf .   \n\r\n\nNew York State Department of Health:\n\n Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry (18 November 2015). \"Measurement of Mycotoxins by LC-MS\/MS, NYS DOH MML-303\" (PDF). New York State Department of Health. pp. 43. https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/359205661\/MML-303-01.pdf .   \n Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry (03 November 2015). \"Measurement of Phytocannabinoids using HPLC-PDA, NYS DOH MML-300\" (PDF). New York State Department of Health. pp. 34. https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/576578963\/MML-300-01.pdf .   \n Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry (03 November 2015). \"Medical marijuana sample preparation protocols for potency analysis, NYS DOH MML-301\" (PDF). New York State Department of Health. pp. 13. https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/1495494332\/MML-301-01.pdf .   \n For all other methods documents, see https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/regulatory\/elap\/medical-marijuana.\n\r\n\n\nAccreditation and certification \n Americans for Safe Access Foundation. \"Patient Focused Certification\". https:\/\/safeaccess2.org\/patientfocusedcertification\/\/ .   \n Certified Kind, LLC. \"Certified Kind: Certification for Responsibly Grown Cannabis\". https:\/\/www.certified-kind.com\/ .   \n Clean Green Certified. \"Clean Green Certified\". https:\/\/www.cleangreencert.org\/ .   \n Emerald Scientific, LLC. \"The Emerald Test\". http:\/\/www.theemeraldtest.com\/ .   \n Perry Johnson Laboratory Accreditation, Inc. \"Accreditation Programs: Medical Marijuana Testing\". http:\/\/www.pjlabs.com\/accreditation-programs\/medical-marijuana-testing .   \n\r\n\n\nPublications and blogs \n Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research\n Cannabis Business Executive\n Cannabis Industry Journal\n Cannabis Science and Technology\n Cannabis Science Blog\n The Cannabist\n Marijuana Business Daily\n Marijuana Moment\n MedicalJane\n Nature Outlook: Cannabis\n O\u2019Shaughnessy\u2019s\n Terpenes and Testing Magazine\n Tracking Cannabis - Thomas Coburn LLP\n\n\n\r\n\n\nEducation and training \n 420 College\n Academy of Cannabis Science\n Alaska Cannabis Institute\n Cannabis Career Institute\n Cannabis Industry Institute\n Cannabis Training Institute\n Cannabis Training University\n Clark University (Certificate)\n Cleveland School of Cannabis\n Clover Leaf University\n Medical Cannabis Caregivers\n Medical Cannabis Institute\n Oaksterdam University\n Oregon Cannabis Institute\n Southern Cannabis Institute\n Trichome Institute\n University of Maryland School of Pharmacy (Masters)\n\n\n\r\n\n\nScientific conferences and trade shows \nBelow are the major scientific conferences and trade shows for cannabis. For additional options, consult NisonCo's list for 2021.\n\n \"Cannabis and Medicinal Research Conference\". Conference Series, LLC. https:\/\/cannabis-marijuana.neurologyconference.com\/ .   \n \"Cannabis Business Summit and Expo\". National Cannabis Industry Association. https:\/\/cannabisbusinesssummit.com\/ .   \n \"Cannabis Conference\". GIE Media, Inc. https:\/\/www.cannabisconference.com\/ .   \n \"Cannabis Science Conference\". jCanna, Inc. https:\/\/www.cannabisscienceconference.com\/ .   \n \"Concentration 2021: A Cannabinoid Extraction Conference\". Extraction Magazine. https:\/\/www.eventsquid.com\/event.cfm?id=7698 .   \n \"CannaTech\". iCAN Israel Cannabis. https:\/\/www.canna-tech.co\/ .   \n \"CannX\". Paragon Israel. https:\/\/cannx.org\/ .   \n \"Emerald Conference\". Emerald Scientific, LLC. https:\/\/theemeraldconference.com\/ .   \n \"Institute of Cannabis Research Conference\". Colorado State University - Pueblo. https:\/\/www.csupueblo.edu\/institute-of-cannabis-research\/ .   \n \"International Cannabis Business Conference\". International Conferences Group, LLC. https:\/\/internationalcbc.com\/ .   \n \"Marijuana Business Conference & Expo\". Anne Holland Ventures, Inc. https:\/\/mjbizconference.com\/ .   \n \"National Clinical Conference on Cannabis Therapeutics\". Patients Out of Time. https:\/\/patientsoutoftime.com\/ .   \n\n\n\r\n\n\nAssociations, organizations, and interest groups \nGlobal and national\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTable 1. Global and national entities\n\n\n\nEntity\n\nDescription from website\n\n\nAgricultural Genomics Foundation\n\n\"non-profit organization that aims to understand the biology of new and emerging crops with industrial and medical value such as Cannabis and educate the public about the scientific findings\"\n\n\nAmerican Cannabis Nurses Association\n\n\"national organization dedicated to expanding the knowledge base of endo-cannabinoid therapeutics among nurses\"\n\n\nAmerican Chemical Society, Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision\n\n\"to be recognized as the leading chemistry authority on the safe & beneficial processing, extraction, and purity analysis of cannabis products\"\n\n\nAmerican Herbal Products Association\n\n\"national trade association and voice of the herbal products industry\"\n\n\nAmerican Medical Marijuana Physicians Association\n\n\"a membership driven association, focusing on providing physicians and healthcare professionals with the resources they need to safely and effectively utilize medical marijuana recommendations as an alternative treatment modality for their patients\"\n\n\nAmerican Oil Chemists Society\n\n\"advances the science and technology of oils, fats, proteins, surfactants, and related materials, enriching the lives of people everywhere\"\n\n\nAmerican Trade Association for Cannabis & Hemp\n\n\"a 501(c)(6) trade organization ... founded to promote the expansion, protection, and preservation of businesses engaged in the legal trade of industrial, medical, and recreational cannabis and hemp based products\"\n\n\nAmericans for Safe Access\n\n\"national member-based organization of patients, medical professionals, scientists and concerned citizens promoting safe and legal access to cannabis for therapeutic use and research\"\n\n\nAssociation of Cannabis Specialists\n\n\"provide evidence and experience-based education for patients, cannabis clinicians, referring clinicians, and lawmakers to help them understand cannabis medicine and make informed decision\"\n\n\nCannabis Council of Canada\n\n\"national organization of Canada\u2019s licensed producers of Cannabis under Health Canada\u2019s federal Cannabis Act\"\n\n\nCannabis Horticultural Association\n\n\"an authoritative and first choice for people seeking to learn how to cultivate clean, high grade cannabis through the objective information and education on sustainable and regenerative management practices\"\n\n\nCannabis Marketing Association\n\n\"to bring a positive perception to, and authentic understanding of, cannabis and its consumers around the world\"\n\n\nCannabis Science Interest (CSI) Group\n\npart of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, \"aims to promote discussion and knowledge dissemination about cutting edge scientific findings as well as changes in policy and legal status of cannabis, in order to generate innovative ideas for NIDA's research portfolio and dissemination\/outreach strategies for all audiences\"\n\n\nCannabis Trade Federation\n\n\"a national coalition of cannabis-related businesses that represent all aspects of the industry including cultivators, dispensaries, wholesalers, distributors, and ancillary businesses\"\n\n\nCenter for the Study of Cannabis and Social Policy\n\n\"to promote public and private efforts to use cannabis legalization to end the war on drugs, or 'prohibition'\"\n\n\nDoctors for Cannabis Regulation\n\n\"a non-profit organization dedicated to advocacy for the legalization, taxation and\u2014above all\u2014the effective regulation of marijuana in the United States\"\n\n\nFoundation of Cannabis Unified Standards\n\n\"to protect public health, consumer safety, and safeguard the environment by promoting integrity in the cannabis industry\"\n\n\nHemp Industries Association\n\n\"a non-profit trade association representing more than one-thousand (1,000) supporters, farmers and business members serving the hemp industries since 1994\"\n\n\nInternational Association for Cannabinoid Medicines\n\n\"to advance knowledge on cannabis, cannabinoids, the endocannabinoid system, and related topics especially with regard to their therapeutic potential\"\n\n\nInternational Cannabinoid Research Society\n\n\"to (1) foster cannabinoid research; (2) promote the exchange of scientific information and perspectives about Cannabis, the cannabinoids, and endocannabinoids through the organization of scientific meetings; (3) serve as a source of reliable information regarding the chemistry, pharmacology, therapeutic uses, toxicology and the behavioral, psychological, and social effects of cannabis and its constituents\"\n\n\nInternational Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute\n\n\"identifies, coordinates and supports global research priorities for the advancement of cannabis and cannabinoid treatments through a multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach that incorporates innovative tools and methods\"\n\n\nInternational Cannabis Bar Association\n\n\"to educate and connect with other cannabis industry lawyers for the purpose of providing excellent, ethical, and advanced legal assistance to this growing industry\"\n\n\nInternational Cannabis Farmers Association\n\n\"a broad group of cannabis farmers, scientists, and stakeholders working together to promote the unique quality and ecological benefits of traditionally farmed cannabis and cannabis-derived products while preserving the heritage of traditional farming communities\"\n\n\nMedical Cannabis Institute, The\n\n\"provides online medical education for healthcare professionals who want to learn about medical cannabis and its potential clinical application\"\n\n\nMedical Cannabis Society\n\n\"to foster a model medical cannabis industry in the United States through education and leadership\"\n\n\nMinority Cannabis Business Association\n\n\"501(c)(6) not-for-profit business league created to serve the specific needs of minority cannabis entrepreneurs, workers, and patients\/consumers\"\n\n\nMultidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies\n\n\"a 501(c)(3) non-profit research and educational organization that develops medical, legal, and cultural contexts for people to benefit from the careful uses of psychedelics and marijuana\"\n\n\nNational Association of Cannabis Businesses\n\n\"a self-governing community, focused on differentiating themselves to regulators, the public and others brands or competitors as the most legitimate, professional and trustworthy businesses in the industry\"\n\n\nNational Hemp Association\n\n\"to support the growth and development of all aspects of the industrial hemp industry\"\n\n\nNORML\n\n\"to move public opinion sufficiently to legalize the responsible use of marijuana by adults, and to serve as an advocate for consumers to assure they have access to high quality marijuana that is safe, convenient and affordable\"\n\n\nPatients Out of Time\n\n\"a non-profit 501c3 corporation of the Commonwealth of Virginia that provides education to all disciplines of health care professionals; their specialty and professional organizations; the legal profession; and the public at large, about medical cannabis (marijuana)\"\n\n\nProject CBD\n\n\"to create a world where cannabis empowers people to take an active role in their health\"\n\n\nSmart Approaches to Marijuana\n\n\"an alliance of organizations and individuals dedicated to a health-first approach to marijuana policy\"\n\n\nSociety of Cannabis Clinicians\n\n\"a 5013 non-profit organization dedicated to educating physicians about the medical use of cannabis\"\n\n\nTransnational Institute, The\n\n\"to strengthen international social movements with rigorous research, reliable information, sound analysis and constructive proposals that advance progressive, democratic policy change and common solutions to global problems\"\n\n\nVeterans Cannabis Project\n\n\"to improving US military veterans\u2019 quality of life through the opportunity of cannabis\"\n\n\nWomen Grow\n\n\"a for-profit entity that serves as a catalyst for women to influence and succeed in the cannabis industry as the end of marijuana prohibition occurs on a national scale\"\n\n\n\nRegional\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTable 2. Regional entities\n\n\n\nEntity\n\nRegion\/locality served\n\nDescription from website\n\n\nAlaska Marijuana Industry Association\n\nAlaska\n\nto \"promote and advocate for a vibrant and reasonably regulated Alaska-based marijuana industry\"\n\n\nArkansas Cannabis Industry Association\n\nArkansas\n\n\"a 501(c)(6) cannabis industry trade association advocating for laws, regulations and public policies that foster a healthy, professional and accountable medical cannabis industry in our state\"; the Arkansas Medical Marijuana Association merged with it in December 2018\n\n\nCalifornia Cannabis Industry Association\n\nCalifornia\n\n\"to promote the growth of a responsible and legitimate cannabis industry and work for a favorable social, economic, and legal environment for our industry in the state of California\"\n\n\nCannabis Business Association of Illinois\n\nIllinois\n\n\"a non-profit statewide association that represents member cannabis businesses licensed by the state of Illinois\"; formerly the Medical Cannabis Alliance of Illinois\n\n\nCannabis Trade Council\n\nColorado\n\n\"to help the cannabis industry to grow and flourish through self-regulation while keeping the needs of the patient foremost\"\n\n\nColorado Cannabis Chamber of Commerce\n\nColorado\n\n\"a nonprofit chamber of cannabis businesses that focuses on policies at the state and local levels of government\"\n\n\nColorado Leads\n\nColorado\n\n\"a pro-business alliance created to help educate the general public about the economic and community benefits of a safe, regulated medical and recreational cannabis industry\"\n\n\nDelaware Cannabis Advocacy Network\n\nDelaware\n\n\"to build and support a network of business owners, professionals and grassroots activists advocating to legalize cannabis in the First State\"\n\n\nFlorida for Care\n\nFlorida\n\n\"a non-profit 501C(4) founded in 2014 to advocate for the implementation of a strong, well-regulated, medical marijuana system under Amendment 2\"\n\n\nHawai\u02bbi Dispensary Alliance\n\nHawaii\n\n\"a 501c(6) membership organization that brings together Hawai\u2018i\u2019s patients, dispensaries, related businesses, and local communities through education, resources, and community building to advocate for favorable legal, social, and economic changes for Hawai\u2018i\u2019s legitimate cannabis industry\"\n\n\nLas Vegas Medical Marijuana Association\n\nNevada\n\n\"a chamber of commerce for medical marijuana, organized to promote the medical marijuana industry in Nevada\"\n\n\nMarijuana Industry Group\n\nColorado\n\n\"to advance appropriate legislation, regulation and implementation of Colorado\u2019s licensing and regulatory program\"\n\n\nMarijuana Industry Trade Association\n\nArizona\n\n\"professionals, entrepreneurs, educators, and advocates united to build a strong and sustainable future for the cannabis industry in Arizona\"\n\n\nMaryland Cannabis Industry Association\n\nMaryland\n\n\"a professional trade association advocating for laws, regulations and public policies that foster a healthy, professional and accountable medical cannabis industry in our state\"\n\n\nMaryland Cannabis Policy Coalition\n\nMaryland\n\nto improve honest dialogue, remove criminal penalties for possession, and ensure proper regulation and taxation of cannabis sales in Maryland, among other goals\n\n\nMaryland Medical Dispensary Association\n\nMaryland\n\n\"a professional trade association advocating for laws, regulations and public policies that foster a healthy, professional and secure medical cannabis industry in our state\"\n\n\nMaryland Wholesale Medical Cannabis Trade Association\n\nMaryland\n\n\"promotes the responsible advancement of the medical cannabis industry in Maryland by fostering a favorable social, economic and legal climate\"\n\n\nMassachusetts Cannabis Business Association\n\nMassachusetts\n\n\"advocates on behalf of our members to remove barriers, fight stigma, and bring cannabis into the mainstream of the Massachusetts economy\"\n\n\nMassachusetts Medical Marijuana Dispensers' Association\n\nMassachusetts\n\n\"to provide guidelines, best practices, vendor support, government regulation compliance and up to date research and knowledge about our industry\"\n\n\nMedical Cannabis Coalition of Hawaii\n\nHawaii\n\n\"an independent community driven effort to support medical cannabis patients and caregivers in Hawai\u2018i\"\n\n\nMedical Marijuana Business Association of Florida\n\nFlorida\n\n\"to protect and promote a rational and compassionate approach to Florida\u2019s emerging medical marijuana regulatory framework, serve as a responsible business resource for policy makers, support and grow business opportunities for the emerging medical marijuana industry\"\n\n\nMedical Marijuana Caregivers of Maine\n\nMaine\n\n\"a Maine trade association dedicated to the support and promotion of safe access to medical marijuana\"\n\n\nMichigan Cannabis Industry Association\n\nMichigan\n\n\"advocates for a favorable policy environment in which cannabis can thrive\"\n\n\nMichigan Medical Marijuana Association\n\nMichigan\n\nnot particularly clear on the website what their mission is\n\n\nMissouri Medical Cannabis Trade Association\n\nMissouri\n\n\"an association of business owners and professionals proactively working together to build a successful, safe, compliant medical cannabis industry\"\n\n\nMontana Cannabis Industry Association\n\nMontana\n\n\"a safe, functional, responsible and accountable program that meets the needs of patients, communities, and providers\"\n\n\nNevada Dispensary Association\n\nNevada\n\n\"to developing and promoting best practices among Nevada marijuana dispensaries as well as supporting the efforts of marijuana establishments to provide high quality, safe marijuana to Nevada\u2019s consumers\"\n\n\nNew Jersey Cannabis Industry Association\n\nNew Jersey\n\n\"to promote sensible policy, responsible growth and development of New Jersey\u2019s cannabis industry\"\n\n\nOhio Cannabis Association\n\nOhio\n\n\"promotes a responsible expansion of the industry in order to best serve every resident of Ohio\"\n\n\nOklahoma Cannabis Industry Association\n\nOklahoma\n\n\"the establishment of an innovative, industry-leading cannabis industry in Oklahoma built upon industry collaboration, community partnerships, enhanced market development and analysis, and a robust presence at our policy making institutions\"\n\n\nOregon Cannabis Association\n\nOregon\n\n\"a diverse group of cultivators, processors, retailers, entrepreneurs, and allied businesses ... [dedicated] to help one another thrive through networking events, educational workshops, and political representation\"\n\n\nOregon Retailers of Cannabis Association\n\nOregon\n\n\"a member supported non-profit trade association that lobbies and advocates on behalf of the cannabis industry and our members\"\n\n\nTexas Cannabis Industry Association\n\nTexas\n\n\"promotes and works to ensure the favorable social, economic and legal environment necessary for a legitimate and responsible cannabis industry in Texas\"\n\n\nUnited Cannabis Business Association\n\nCalifornia\n\n\"shape the regulated cannabis industry through our political efforts, while creating a network and community for the licensed industry\"\n\n\nWashington CannabBusiness Association\n\nWashington (state)\n\n\"to advocate on behalf of our member companies in the legislative, regulatory, legal and public policy arenas\"\n\n\nWashington Sungrowers Industry Association\n\nWashington (state)\n\n\"to support sungrown cannabis by encouraging environmental and economic sustainability through advocacy, education, and research\"\n\n\n\n\n\n\r\n\n\nSupport services \nThe following entities are known to provide consulting and support services of various types to cannabis testing labs (as well as cultivators, dispensaries, etc.):\n\n 3C Consulting\n Allay Cannabis Consulting\n American Cannabis Company\n Be Green Legal\n BelCosta Labs\n Canadian Cannabis Dispute Resolution Centre\n Canna Advisors\n Canna Consulting Group\n Cannabis Consulting Group\n Cannabis Consulting Nationwide\n Cannabis Legal Group\n Elite Diagnostics\n Flourish Software\n FTI Consulting\n Green Rush Consulting\n Grow Green Cannabis Consulting\n Higher Yields Cannabis Consulting\n Highroad Consulting Group\n Hypur\n Insight Cannabis Consulting\n Medicine Man Technologies\n Michigan Cannabis Lawyers\n Mindful Cannabis Consulting\n MJ Freeway\n NorCal Cannabis Consultants\n PhytoSciences Consultants\n Quantum 9\n Rhine Laboratories\n RMMC Consulting\n Rocky Mountain Cannabis Consulting\n SIVA\n Steep Hill\n Vitale Scientific Associates\n The Werc Shop\n\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Industry_Resources\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Industry_Resources<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest 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version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 10 January 2021, at 19:57.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 15,595 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","680007f51061f7e5cb6f3a3d5a45e27c_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Cannabis_Industry_Resources skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Cannabis Industry Resources<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><p>There are a number of organizations and reference resources associated with the cannabis industry. These range from advocacy bodies who seek to promote and encourage the growth of the industry or of cannabis use generally, either medicinally, recreationally or both, to educational bodies providing training and qualifications suited to employment within various aspects of the industry, to industry magazines and leading blogs, conventions, events, to any number and types of service providers.\n<\/p><p>The resources provided here (care of Chapter 6 of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php?title=LII:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"limswiki:LII:Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States\" data-key=\"1df0af9cbc96b7412a0ae6a7f2279f68\">Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States<\/a> on LIMSwiki) represent some of the more established, legitimate, and, hopefully, helpful sources, categorized for convenience, and together with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Glossary - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"0dbab1397192e669e85e359f9f71afba\">Glossary<\/a> offer a fair foundation from which to explore further various aspects of the intriguing, important and expanding cannabis industry.\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Reference_material\">Reference material<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Chambers, R. (08 August 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/cannabis-101\/glossary-of-cannabis-terms\">\"Leafly Glossary of Cannabis Terms\"<\/a>. <i>Leafly - Cannabis 101<\/i>. Leafly Holdings, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/cannabis-101\/glossary-of-cannabis-terms\">https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/cannabis-101\/glossary-of-cannabis-terms<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Leafly+Glossary+of+Cannabis+Terms&rft.atitle=Leafly+-+Cannabis+101&rft.aulast=Chambers%2C+R.&rft.au=Chambers%2C+R.&rft.date=08+August+2013&rft.pub=Leafly+Holdings%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leafly.com%2Fnews%2Fcannabis-101%2Fglossary-of-cannabis-terms&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation Journal\">ElSohly, M.A.; Radwan, M.M.; Gul, W. et al. (2017). \"Phytochemistry of <i>Cannabis sativa<\/i> L.\". <i>Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products<\/i> <b>103<\/b>: 1\u201336. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007%2F978-3-319-45541-9_1\">10.1007\/978-3-319-45541-9_1<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" data-key=\"1d34e999f13d8801964a6b3e9d7b4e30\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28120229\">28120229<\/a>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Phytochemistry+of+%27%27Cannabis+sativa%27%27+L.&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+the+Chemistry+of+Organic+Natural+Products&rft.aulast=ElSohly%2C+M.A.%3B+Radwan%2C+M.M.%3B+Gul%2C+W.+et+al.&rft.au=ElSohly%2C+M.A.%3B+Radwan%2C+M.M.%3B+Gul%2C+W.+et+al.&rft.date=2017&rft.volume=103&rft.pages=1%E2%80%9336&rft_id=info:doi\/10.1007%2F978-3-319-45541-9_1&rft_id=info:pmid\/28120229&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (12 January 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/24625\/the-health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids-the-current-state\">\"The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: The current state of evidence and recommendations for research\"<\/a>. The National Academies Press. pp. 440. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.17226%2F24625\">10.17226\/24625<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/24625\/the-health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids-the-current-state\">https:\/\/www.nap.edu\/catalog\/24625\/the-health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids-the-current-state<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+health+effects+of+cannabis+and+cannabinoids%3A+The+current+state+of+evidence+and+recommendations+for+research&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=National+Academies+of+Sciences%2C+Engineering%2C+and+Medicine&rft.au=National+Academies+of+Sciences%2C+Engineering%2C+and+Medicine&rft.date=12+January+2017&rft.pages=pp.+440&rft.pub=The+National+Academies+Press&rft_id=info:doi\/10.17226%2F24625&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nap.edu%2Fcatalog%2F24625%2Fthe-health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids-the-current-state&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">National Conference of State Legislatures (2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/bookstore\/state-legislatures-magazine\/marijuana-deep-dive.aspx\">\"Marijuana Deep Dive\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/bookstore\/state-legislatures-magazine\/marijuana-deep-dive.aspx\">https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/bookstore\/state-legislatures-magazine\/marijuana-deep-dive.aspx<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Marijuana+Deep+Dive&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=National+Conference+of+State+Legislatures&rft.au=National+Conference+of+State+Legislatures&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncsl.org%2Fbookstore%2Fstate-legislatures-magazine%2Fmarijuana-deep-dive.aspx&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Office of National Drug Control Policy. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170117133745\/https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/ondcp\/marijuanainfo\">\"Marijuana Resource Center\"<\/a>. Archived from <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/ondcp\/marijuanainfo\">the original<\/a> on 17 January 2017<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170117133745\/https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/ondcp\/marijuanainfo\">http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170117133745\/https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/ondcp\/marijuanainfo<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Marijuana+Resource+Center&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Office+of+National+Drug+Control+Policy&rft.au=Office+of+National+Drug+Control+Policy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170117133745%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitehouse.gov%2Fondcp%2Fmarijuanainfo&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation book\">Thomas, B.F.; ElSohly, M.A. (2016). Thomas, B.F. ed. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Hs5PCgAAQBAJ\"><i>The Analytical Chemistry of Cannabis<\/i><\/a>. Elsevier. pp. 132. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" data-key=\"f64947ba21e884434bd70e8d9e60bae6\">ISBN<\/a> 9780128046708<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Hs5PCgAAQBAJ\">https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?hl=en&lr=&id=Hs5PCgAAQBAJ<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Analytical+Chemistry+of+Cannabis&rft.aulast=Thomas%2C+B.F.%3B+ElSohly%2C+M.A.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+B.F.%3B+ElSohly%2C+M.A.&rft.date=2016&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B132&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.isbn=9780128046708&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Den%26lr%3D%26id%3DHs5PCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation book\">World Health Organization (2016). Hall, W.; Renstr\u00f6m, M.; Poznyak, V. ed. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241510240\"><i>The health and social effects of nonmedical cannabis use<\/i><\/a>. World Health Organization. pp. 95. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" data-key=\"f64947ba21e884434bd70e8d9e60bae6\">ISBN<\/a> 978921510240<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241510240\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241510240<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+health+and+social+effects+of+nonmedical+cannabis+use&rft.aulast=World+Health+Organization&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2016&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B95&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.isbn=978921510240&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fpublications%2Fi%2Fitem%2F9789241510240&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Law_and_regulation\">Law and regulation<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/medicalmarijuana.procon.org\/legal-medical-marijuana-states-and-dc\/\">\"Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC: Laws, Fees, and Possession Limits\"<\/a>. <i>ProCon.org<\/i>. 24 July 2019<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/medicalmarijuana.procon.org\/legal-medical-marijuana-states-and-dc\/\">https:\/\/medicalmarijuana.procon.org\/legal-medical-marijuana-states-and-dc\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Legal+Medical+Marijuana+States+and+DC%3A+Laws%2C+Fees%2C+and+Possession+Limits&rft.atitle=ProCon.org&rft.date=24+July+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedicalmarijuana.procon.org%2Flegal-medical-marijuana-states-and-dc%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/learn\/legalization\/recreational-states\">\"Recreational Marijuana Laws in the United States\"<\/a>. <i>Leafly's Guide to Marijuana Legalization<\/i>. Leafly Holdings, Inc. November 2020<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/learn\/legalization\/recreational-states\">https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/learn\/legalization\/recreational-states<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Recreational+Marijuana+Laws+in+the+United+States&rft.atitle=Leafly%27s+Guide+to+Marijuana+Legalization&rft.date=November+2020&rft.pub=Leafly+Holdings%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leafly.com%2Flearn%2Flegalization%2Frecreational-states&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/public.findlaw.com\/cannabis-law\/starting-a-cannabis-business\/marijuana-business-licenses-permits-and-planning.html\">\"Marijuana Business: Licenses, Permits, and Planning\"<\/a>. <i>FindLaw<\/i>. Thomson Reuters. 18 October 2019<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/public.findlaw.com\/cannabis-law\/starting-a-cannabis-business\/marijuana-business-licenses-permits-and-planning.html\">https:\/\/public.findlaw.com\/cannabis-law\/starting-a-cannabis-business\/marijuana-business-licenses-permits-and-planning.html<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Marijuana+Business%3A+Licenses%2C+Permits%2C+and+Planning&rft.atitle=FindLaw&rft.date=18+October+2019&rft.pub=Thomson+Reuters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublic.findlaw.com%2Fcannabis-law%2Fstarting-a-cannabis-business%2Fmarijuana-business-licenses-permits-and-planning.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Horn, J.; Bogot, W. (08 January 2021). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foxrothschild.com\/publications\/national-survey-on-marijuana-laws-and-regulations\/\">\"National Survey on Marijuana Laws and Regulations\"<\/a>. Fox Rothschild LLP<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foxrothschild.com\/publications\/national-survey-on-marijuana-laws-and-regulations\/\">https:\/\/www.foxrothschild.com\/publications\/national-survey-on-marijuana-laws-and-regulations\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=National+Survey+on+Marijuana+Laws+and+Regulations&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Horn%2C+J.%3B+Bogot%2C+W.&rft.au=Horn%2C+J.%3B+Bogot%2C+W.&rft.date=08+January+2021&rft.pub=Fox+Rothschild+LLP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxrothschild.com%2Fpublications%2Fnational-survey-on-marijuana-laws-and-regulations%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">National Conference of State Legislatures (10 November 2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/health\/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx\">\"State Medical Marijuana Laws\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/health\/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx\">https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/health\/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=State+Medical+Marijuana+Laws&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=National+Conference+of+State+Legislatures&rft.au=National+Conference+of+State+Legislatures&rft.date=10+November+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncsl.org%2Fresearch%2Fhealth%2Fstate-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Rough, Lisa; Leafly Staff (24 February 2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/industry\/leaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations\">\"Cannabis Testing Regulations: A State-by-state Guide\"<\/a>. <i>Leafly - Industry<\/i>. Leafly Holdings, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/industry\/leaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations\">https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/industry\/leaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Testing+Regulations%3A+A+State-by-state+Guide&rft.atitle=Leafly+-+Industry&rft.aulast=Rough%2C+Lisa%3B+Leafly+Staff&rft.au=Rough%2C+Lisa%3B+Leafly+Staff&rft.date=24+February+2020&rft.pub=Leafly+Holdings%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leafly.com%2Fnews%2Findustry%2Fleaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">U.S. Food & Drug Administration (01 October 2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/public-health-focus\/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd\">\"FDA Regulation of Cannabis and Cannabis-Derived Products, Including Cannabidiol (CBD)\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/public-health-focus\/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd\">https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/public-health-focus\/fda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=FDA+Regulation+of+Cannabis+and+Cannabis-Derived+Products%2C+Including+Cannabidiol+%28CBD%29&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=U.S.+Food+%26+Drug+Administration&rft.au=U.S.+Food+%26+Drug+Administration&rft.date=01+October+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fnews-events%2Fpublic-health-focus%2Ffda-regulation-cannabis-and-cannabis-derived-products-including-cannabidiol-cbd&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Standards_and_guidance\">Standards and guidance<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">American Council of Independent Laboratories (2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.acil.org\/page\/Cannibis_Working_Group\">\"Cannabis Working Group - ACIL\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.acil.org\/page\/Cannibis_Working_Group\">https:\/\/www.acil.org\/page\/Cannibis_Working_Group<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Working+Group+-+ACIL&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=American+Council+of+Independent+Laboratories&rft.au=American+Council+of+Independent+Laboratories&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acil.org%2Fpage%2FCannibis_Working_Group&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span> (See the link to \"CanNaLap Laboratory Requirements\" and \"CanNaLap Requirements for Accreditation Bodies\" for cannabis laboratory accreditation materials from ACIL)<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/resources\/?topic=Cannabis&pagination=2\">\"Cannabis Analytical Science Program\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/resources\/?topic=Cannabis&pagination=2\">https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/resources\/?topic=Cannabis&pagination=2<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Analytical+Science+Program&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Association+of+Official+Agricultural+Chemists&rft.au=Association+of+Official+Agricultural+Chemists&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoac.org%2Fresources%2F%3Ftopic%3DCannabis%26pagination%3D2&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">ASTM International. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/COMMITTEE\/D37.htm\">\"Committee D37 on Cannabis\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/COMMITTEE\/D37.htm\">https:\/\/www.astm.org\/COMMITTEE\/D37.htm<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Committee+D37+on+Cannabis&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=ASTM+International&rft.au=ASTM+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astm.org%2FCOMMITTEE%2FD37.htm&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span> (See each <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/COMMIT\/SUBCOMMIT\/D37.htm\">sub-committee<\/a> for proposed and approved standards)<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Cannabis Control Commission (01 December 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/doc\/protocol-for-sampling-and-analysis-of-finished-medical-marijuana-products-and-marijuana-1\/download\">\"Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries\"<\/a> (Word). Commonwealth of Massachusetts. pp. 21<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/doc\/protocol-for-sampling-and-analysis-of-finished-medical-marijuana-products-and-marijuana-1\/download\">https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/doc\/protocol-for-sampling-and-analysis-of-finished-medical-marijuana-products-and-marijuana-1\/download<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Protocol+for+Sampling+and+Analysis+of+Finished+Medical+Marijuana+Products+and+Marijuana-Infused+Products+for+Massachusetts+Registered+Medical+Marijuana+Dispensaries&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Cannabis+Control+Commission&rft.au=Cannabis+Control+Commission&rft.date=01+December+2017&rft.pages=pp.+21&rft.pub=Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mass.gov%2Fdoc%2Fprotocol-for-sampling-and-analysis-of-finished-medical-marijuana-products-and-marijuana-1%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Cannabis Committee, AHPA (02 February 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ahpa.org\/Portals\/0\/pdfs\/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf\">\"Recommendations for Regulators \u2013 Cannabis Operations\"<\/a> (PDF). American Herbal Products Association<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ahpa.org\/Portals\/0\/pdfs\/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ahpa.org\/Portals\/0\/pdfs\/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Recommendations+for+Regulators+%E2%80%93+Cannabis+Operations&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Cannabis+Committee%2C+AHPA&rft.au=Cannabis+Committee%2C+AHPA&rft.date=02+February+2016&rft.pub=American+Herbal+Products+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahpa.org%2FPortals%2F0%2Fpdfs%2FAHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Gray, P.J.; Mindak, W.R.; Cheng, J. (February 2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/87509\/download\">\"Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Determination of Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, and Other Elements in Food Using Microwave Assisted Digestion\"<\/a> (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/87509\/download\">https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/87509\/download<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Inductively+Coupled+Plasma-Mass+Spectrometric+Determination+of+Arsenic%2C+Cadmium%2C+Chromium%2C+Lead%2C+Mercury%2C+and+Other+Elements+in+Food+Using+Microwave+Assisted+Digestion&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Gray%2C+P.J.%3B+Mindak%2C+W.R.%3B+Cheng%2C+J.&rft.au=Gray%2C+P.J.%3B+Mindak%2C+W.R.%3B+Cheng%2C+J.&rft.date=February+2020&rft.pub=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Fmedia%2F87509%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation book\">Upton, R.; Craker, L.; ElSohly, M. et al., ed. (2014). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/online-ordering-cannabis-inflorescence-qc-monograph\/\">Cannabis Inflorescence<i>: <\/i>Cannabis<i> spp.<\/i><\/a>. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" data-key=\"f64947ba21e884434bd70e8d9e60bae6\">ISBN<\/a> 1929425333<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/online-ordering-cannabis-inflorescence-qc-monograph\/\">https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/online-ordering-cannabis-inflorescence-qc-monograph\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27%27Cannabis+Inflorescence%27%27%3A+%27%27Cannabis%27%27+spp.&rft.date=2014&rft.pub=American+Herbal+Pharmacopoeia&rft.isbn=1929425333&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fherbal-ahp.org%2Fonline-ordering-cannabis-inflorescence-qc-monograph%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">U.S. Food & Drug Administration (19 September 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/laboratory-methods-food\/pesticide-analytical-manual-pam\">\"Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM)\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/laboratory-methods-food\/pesticide-analytical-manual-pam\">https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/laboratory-methods-food\/pesticide-analytical-manual-pam<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Pesticide+Analytical+Manual+%28PAM%29&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=U.S.+Food+%26+Drug+Administration&rft.au=U.S.+Food+%26+Drug+Administration&rft.date=19+September+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Flaboratory-methods-food%2Fpesticide-analytical-manual-pam&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">U.S. Food & Drug Administration (20 February 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.epa.gov\/pesticides\/methods\/rammethods\/web\/html\/ram12b.html\">\"Residue Analytical Methods (RAM)\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.epa.gov\/pesticides\/methods\/rammethods\/web\/html\/ram12b.html\">https:\/\/archive.epa.gov\/pesticides\/methods\/rammethods\/web\/html\/ram12b.html<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Residue+Analytical+Methods+%28RAM%29&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=U.S.+Food+%26+Drug+Administration&rft.au=U.S.+Food+%26+Drug+Administration&rft.date=20+February+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.epa.gov%2Fpesticides%2Fmethods%2Frammethods%2Fweb%2Fhtml%2Fram12b.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Testing\">Testing<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.a2la.org\/accreditation\/cannabis-testing\">\"Cannabis Testing Laboratory Accreditation Program\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.a2la.org\/accreditation\/cannabis-testing\">https:\/\/www.a2la.org\/accreditation\/cannabis-testing<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Testing+Laboratory+Accreditation+Program&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=American+Association+for+Laboratory+Accreditation+%28A2LA%29&rft.au=American+Association+for+Laboratory+Accreditation+%28A2LA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.a2la.org%2Faccreditation%2Fcannabis-testing&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Association of Public Health Laboratories (2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/programs\/environmental_health\/Pages\/Cannabis-Testing.aspx\">\"Cannabis Testing\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/programs\/environmental_health\/Pages\/Cannabis-Testing.aspx\">https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/programs\/environmental_health\/Pages\/Cannabis-Testing.aspx<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Testing&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Association+of+Public+Health+Laboratories&rft.au=Association+of+Public+Health+Laboratories&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aphl.org%2Fprograms%2Fenvironmental_health%2FPages%2FCannabis-Testing.aspx&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Association of Public Health Laboratories (May 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf\">\"Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs\"<\/a> (PDF). pp. 35<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf\">https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Guidance+for+State+Medical+Cannabis+Testing+Programs&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Association+of+Public+Health+Laboratories&rft.au=Association+of+Public+Health+Laboratories&rft.date=May+2016&rft.pages=pp.+35&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aphl.org%2FaboutAPHL%2Fpublications%2FDocuments%2FEH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cdphe.colorado.gov\/laboratory-services\/inspection-of-marijuana-testing-facilities\/marijuana-reference-library\">\"Marijuana reference library\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cdphe.colorado.gov\/laboratory-services\/inspection-of-marijuana-testing-facilities\/marijuana-reference-library\">https:\/\/cdphe.colorado.gov\/laboratory-services\/inspection-of-marijuana-testing-facilities\/marijuana-reference-library<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Marijuana+reference+library&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Colorado+Department+of+Public+Health+and+Environment&rft.au=Colorado+Department+of+Public+Health+and+Environment&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdphe.colorado.gov%2Flaboratory-services%2Finspection-of-marijuana-testing-facilities%2Fmarijuana-reference-library&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Daley, P.; Lampach, D.; Sguerra, S. (12 September 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/publications\/Marijuana\/BOTEC%20reports\/1a-Testing-for-Contaminants-Final-Revised.pdf\">\"Testing <i>Cannabis<\/i> for Contaminants\"<\/a> (PDF). BOTEC Analysis Corp<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/publications\/Marijuana\/BOTEC%20reports\/1a-Testing-for-Contaminants-Final-Revised.pdf\">https:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/publications\/Marijuana\/BOTEC%20reports\/1a-Testing-for-Contaminants-Final-Revised.pdf<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Testing+%27%27Cannabis%27%27+for+Contaminants&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Daley%2C+P.%3B+Lampach%2C+D.%3B+Sguerra%2C+S.&rft.au=Daley%2C+P.%3B+Lampach%2C+D.%3B+Sguerra%2C+S.&rft.date=12+September+2013&rft.pub=BOTEC+Analysis+Corp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flcb.wa.gov%2Fpublications%2FMarijuana%2FBOTEC%2520reports%2F1a-Testing-for-Contaminants-Final-Revised.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (September 2009). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/scientific\/ST-NAR-40-Ebook_1.pdf\">\"Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of cannabis and cannabis products\"<\/a> (PDF)<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/scientific\/ST-NAR-40-Ebook_1.pdf\">https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/scientific\/ST-NAR-40-Ebook_1.pdf<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Recommended+methods+for+the+identification+and+analysis+of+cannabis+and+cannabis+products&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime&rft.au=United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime&rft.date=September+2009&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Fdocuments%2Fscientific%2FST-NAR-40-Ebook_1.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span> (Note year; still provides historical perspective)<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (June 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/scientific\/STNAR48_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_ENG.pdf\">\"Recommended methods for the identification and analysis of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists in seized materials\"<\/a> (PDF)<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/scientific\/STNAR48_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_ENG.pdf\">https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/documents\/scientific\/STNAR48_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_ENG.pdf<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Recommended+methods+for+the+identification+and+analysis+of+synthetic+cannabinoid+receptor+agonists+in+seized+materials&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime&rft.au=United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime&rft.date=June+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unodc.org%2Fdocuments%2Fscientific%2FSTNAR48_Synthetic_Cannabinoids_ENG.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<b>New York State Department of Health<\/b>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry (18 November 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/359205661\/MML-303-01.pdf\">\"Measurement of Mycotoxins by LC-MS\/MS, NYS DOH MML-303\"<\/a> (PDF). New York State Department of Health. pp. 43<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/359205661\/MML-303-01.pdf\">https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/359205661\/MML-303-01.pdf<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Measurement+of+Mycotoxins+by+LC-MS%2FMS%2C+NYS+DOH+MML-303&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Division+of+Environmental+Health+Sciences%2C+Laboratory+of+Organic+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.au=Division+of+Environmental+Health+Sciences%2C+Laboratory+of+Organic+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.date=18+November+2015&rft.pages=pp.+43&rft.pub=New+York+State+Department+of+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wadsworth.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FWebDoc%2F359205661%2FMML-303-01.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry (03 November 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/576578963\/MML-300-01.pdf\">\"Measurement of Phytocannabinoids using HPLC-PDA, NYS DOH MML-300\"<\/a> (PDF). New York State Department of Health. pp. 34<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/576578963\/MML-300-01.pdf\">https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/576578963\/MML-300-01.pdf<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Measurement+of+Phytocannabinoids+using+HPLC-PDA%2C+NYS+DOH+MML-300&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Division+of+Environmental+Health+Sciences%2C+Laboratory+of+Organic+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.au=Division+of+Environmental+Health+Sciences%2C+Laboratory+of+Organic+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.date=03+November+2015&rft.pages=pp.+34&rft.pub=New+York+State+Department+of+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wadsworth.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FWebDoc%2F576578963%2FMML-300-01.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry (03 November 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/1495494332\/MML-301-01.pdf\">\"Medical marijuana sample preparation protocols for potency analysis, NYS DOH MML-301\"<\/a> (PDF). New York State Department of Health. pp. 13<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/1495494332\/MML-301-01.pdf\">https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/1495494332\/MML-301-01.pdf<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Medical+marijuana+sample+preparation+protocols+for+potency+analysis%2C+NYS+DOH+MML-301&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Division+of+Environmental+Health+Sciences%2C+Laboratory+of+Organic+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.au=Division+of+Environmental+Health+Sciences%2C+Laboratory+of+Organic+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.date=03+November+2015&rft.pages=pp.+13&rft.pub=New+York+State+Department+of+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wadsworth.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FWebDoc%2F1495494332%2FMML-301-01.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> For all other methods documents, see <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/regulatory\/elap\/medical-marijuana\">https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/regulatory\/elap\/medical-marijuana<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Accreditation_and_certification\">Accreditation and certification<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Americans for Safe Access Foundation. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/safeaccess2.org\/patientfocusedcertification\/\/\">\"Patient Focused Certification\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/safeaccess2.org\/patientfocusedcertification\/\/\">https:\/\/safeaccess2.org\/patientfocusedcertification\/\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Patient+Focused+Certification&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Americans+for+Safe+Access+Foundation&rft.au=Americans+for+Safe+Access+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsafeaccess2.org%2Fpatientfocusedcertification%2F%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Certified Kind, LLC. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.certified-kind.com\/\">\"Certified Kind: Certification for Responsibly Grown Cannabis\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.certified-kind.com\/\">https:\/\/www.certified-kind.com\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Certified+Kind%3A+Certification+for+Responsibly+Grown+Cannabis&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Certified+Kind%2C+LLC&rft.au=Certified+Kind%2C+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.certified-kind.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Clean Green Certified. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cleangreencert.org\/\">\"Clean Green Certified\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cleangreencert.org\/\">https:\/\/www.cleangreencert.org\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Clean+Green+Certified&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Clean+Green+Certified&rft.au=Clean+Green+Certified&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cleangreencert.org%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Emerald Scientific, LLC. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theemeraldtest.com\/\">\"The Emerald Test\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.theemeraldtest.com\/\">http:\/\/www.theemeraldtest.com\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Emerald+Test&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Emerald+Scientific%2C+LLC&rft.au=Emerald+Scientific%2C+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theemeraldtest.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\">Perry Johnson Laboratory Accreditation, Inc. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pjlabs.com\/accreditation-programs\/medical-marijuana-testing\">\"Accreditation Programs: Medical Marijuana Testing\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pjlabs.com\/accreditation-programs\/medical-marijuana-testing\">http:\/\/www.pjlabs.com\/accreditation-programs\/medical-marijuana-testing<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Accreditation+Programs%3A+Medical+Marijuana+Testing&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Perry+Johnson+Laboratory+Accreditation%2C+Inc&rft.au=Perry+Johnson+Laboratory+Accreditation%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pjlabs.com%2Faccreditation-programs%2Fmedical-marijuana-testing&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Industry_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Publications_and_blogs\">Publications and blogs<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul><li> <i><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/home.liebertpub.com\/publications\/cannabis-and-cannabinoid-research\/633\/\">Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisbusinessexecutive.com\/\">Cannabis Business Executive<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabisindustryjournal.com\/\">Cannabis Industry Journal<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabissciencetech.com\/\">Cannabis Science and Technology<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/cannabisscienceblog.com\/\">Cannabis Science Blog<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thecannabist.co\/\">The Cannabist<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/\">Marijuana Business Daily<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marijuanamoment.net\/\">Marijuana Moment<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.medicaljane.com\/\">MedicalJane<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/collections\/ynbwsfsmjz\">Nature Outlook: Cannabis<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondthc.com\/\">O\u2019Shaughnessy\u2019s<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/terpenesandtesting.com\/\">Terpenes and Testing Magazine<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thompsoncoburn.com\/insights\/blogs\/tracking-cannabis\">Tracking Cannabis<\/a><\/i> - Thomas Coburn LLP<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20210112160721\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.002 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.004 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 4\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 1\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/p><p><!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 0.000 1 - -total\n-->\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Education_and_training\">Education and training<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/420college.org\/\">420 College<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.academyofcannabisscience.com\/\">Academy of Cannabis Science<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/akcannabisinstitute.com\/\">Alaska Cannabis Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabiscareerinstitute.com\/\">Cannabis Career Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabisindustryinstitute.com\/\">Cannabis Industry Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabistraininginstitute.com\/\">Cannabis Training Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabistraininguniversity.com\/\">Cannabis Training University<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.clarku.edu\/academics\/graduate\/programs\/certificate\/certificate-in-regulatory-affairs-for-cannabis-control-online\/\">Clark University<\/a> (Certificate)<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/csceducation.com\/\">Cleveland School of Cannabis<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cloverleafuniversity.com\/\">Clover Leaf University<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mccdirectory.org\/\">Medical Cannabis Caregivers<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/themedicalcannabisinstitute.org\/\">Medical Cannabis Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/oaksterdamuniversity.com\/\">Oaksterdam University<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/oregoncannabisinstitute.com\/\">Oregon Cannabis Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/southerncannabisinstitute.com\/\">Southern Cannabis Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/trichomeinstitute.com\/\">Trichome Institute<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pharmacy.umaryland.edu\/academics\/ms-medical-cannabis-science-and-therapeutics\/\">University of Maryland School of Pharmacy<\/a> (Masters)<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20210112160722\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.002 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.004 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 4\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 1\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/p><p><!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 0.000 1 - -total\n-->\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Scientific_conferences_and_trade_shows\">Scientific conferences and trade shows<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Below are the major scientific conferences and trade shows for cannabis. For additional options, consult <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/nisonco.com\/2020\/11\/05\/2021-cannabis-cbd-psychedelic-conferences-events\/\">NisonCo's list<\/a> for 2021.\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis-marijuana.neurologyconference.com\/\">\"Cannabis and Medicinal Research Conference\"<\/a>. Conference Series, LLC<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis-marijuana.neurologyconference.com\/\">https:\/\/cannabis-marijuana.neurologyconference.com\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+and+Medicinal+Research+Conference&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Conference+Series%2C+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcannabis-marijuana.neurologyconference.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\/Scientific_conferences_and_trade_shows\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabisbusinesssummit.com\/\">\"Cannabis Business Summit and Expo\"<\/a>. National Cannabis Industry Association<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabisbusinesssummit.com\/\">https:\/\/cannabisbusinesssummit.com\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Business+Summit+and+Expo&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=National+Cannabis+Industry+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcannabisbusinesssummit.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\/Scientific_conferences_and_trade_shows\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisconference.com\/\">\"Cannabis Conference\"<\/a>. GIE Media, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisconference.com\/\">https:\/\/www.cannabisconference.com\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Conference&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=GIE+Media%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cannabisconference.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\/Scientific_conferences_and_trade_shows\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisscienceconference.com\/\">\"Cannabis Science Conference\"<\/a>. jCanna, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisscienceconference.com\/\">https:\/\/www.cannabisscienceconference.com\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Science+Conference&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=jCanna%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cannabisscienceconference.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\/Scientific_conferences_and_trade_shows\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eventsquid.com\/event.cfm?id=7698\">\"Concentration 2021: A Cannabinoid Extraction Conference\"<\/a>. Extraction Magazine<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.eventsquid.com\/event.cfm?id=7698\">https:\/\/www.eventsquid.com\/event.cfm?id=7698<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Concentration+2021%3A+A+Cannabinoid+Extraction+Conference&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Extraction+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eventsquid.com%2Fevent.cfm%3Fid%3D7698&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\/Scientific_conferences_and_trade_shows\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.canna-tech.co\/\">\"CannaTech\"<\/a>. iCAN Israel Cannabis<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.canna-tech.co\/\">https:\/\/www.canna-tech.co\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=CannaTech&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=iCAN+Israel+Cannabis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canna-tech.co%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\/Scientific_conferences_and_trade_shows\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannx.org\/\">\"CannX\"<\/a>. Paragon Israel<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cannx.org\/\">https:\/\/cannx.org\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=CannX&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Paragon+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcannx.org%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\/Scientific_conferences_and_trade_shows\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/theemeraldconference.com\/\">\"Emerald Conference\"<\/a>. Emerald Scientific, LLC<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/theemeraldconference.com\/\">https:\/\/theemeraldconference.com\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Emerald+Conference&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Emerald+Scientific%2C+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheemeraldconference.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\/Scientific_conferences_and_trade_shows\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.csupueblo.edu\/institute-of-cannabis-research\/\">\"Institute of Cannabis Research Conference\"<\/a>. Colorado State University - Pueblo<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.csupueblo.edu\/institute-of-cannabis-research\/\">https:\/\/www.csupueblo.edu\/institute-of-cannabis-research\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Institute+of+Cannabis+Research+Conference&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Colorado+State+University+-+Pueblo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csupueblo.edu%2Finstitute-of-cannabis-research%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\/Scientific_conferences_and_trade_shows\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/internationalcbc.com\/\">\"International Cannabis Business Conference\"<\/a>. International Conferences Group, LLC<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/internationalcbc.com\/\">https:\/\/internationalcbc.com\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=International+Cannabis+Business+Conference&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=International+Conferences+Group%2C+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finternationalcbc.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\/Scientific_conferences_and_trade_shows\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizconference.com\/\">\"Marijuana Business Conference & Expo\"<\/a>. Anne Holland Ventures, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizconference.com\/\">https:\/\/mjbizconference.com\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Marijuana+Business+Conference+%26+Expo&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Anne+Holland+Ventures%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmjbizconference.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\/Scientific_conferences_and_trade_shows\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/patientsoutoftime.com\/\">\"National Clinical Conference on Cannabis Therapeutics\"<\/a>. Patients Out of Time<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/patientsoutoftime.com\/\">https:\/\/patientsoutoftime.com\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=National+Clinical+Conference+on+Cannabis+Therapeutics&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Patients+Out+of+Time&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpatientsoutoftime.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\/Scientific_conferences_and_trade_shows\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20210112160722\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.120 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.124 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 6277\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 11681\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 31056\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 8801\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 10\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/p><p><!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 112.573 1 - -total\n<\/p>\n<pre>99.27% 111.748 12 - Template:Cite_web\n93.60% 105.371 12 - Template:Citation\/core\n 5.68% 6.393 12 - Template:Citation\/make_link\n<\/pre>\n<p>-->\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Associations.2C_organizations.2C_and_interest_groups\">Associations, organizations, and interest groups<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Global and national<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<table style=\"\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"\">\n\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\" colspan=\"2\"><b>Table 1.<\/b> Global and national entities\n<\/td><\/tr>\n\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Entity\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Description from website\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agriculturalgenomics.org\/\">Agricultural Genomics Foundation<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"non-profit organization that aims to understand the biology of new and emerging crops with industrial and medical value such as Cannabis and educate the public about the scientific findings\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisnurses.org\/\">American Cannabis Nurses Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"national organization dedicated to expanding the knowledge base of endo-cannabinoid therapeutics among nurses\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cann-acs.org\/\">American Chemical Society, Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to be recognized as the leading chemistry authority on the safe & beneficial processing, extraction, and purity analysis of cannabis products\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ahpa.org\/\">American Herbal Products Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"national trade association and voice of the herbal products industry\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ammpa.net\/\">American Medical Marijuana Physicians Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a membership driven association, focusing on providing physicians and healthcare professionals with the resources they need to safely and effectively utilize medical marijuana recommendations as an alternative treatment modality for their patients\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aocs.org\/\">American Oil Chemists Society<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"advances the science and technology of oils, fats, proteins, surfactants, and related materials, enriching the lives of people everywhere\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/atach.org\/\">American Trade Association for Cannabis & Hemp<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a 501(c)(6) trade organization ... founded to promote the expansion, protection, and preservation of businesses engaged in the legal trade of industrial, medical, and recreational cannabis and hemp based products\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.safeaccessnow.org\/\">Americans for Safe Access<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"national member-based organization of patients, medical professionals, scientists and concerned citizens promoting safe and legal access to cannabis for therapeutic use and research\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis-specialists.org\/\">Association of Cannabis Specialists<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"provide evidence and experience-based education for patients, cannabis clinicians, referring clinicians, and lawmakers to help them understand cannabis medicine and make informed decision\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis-council.ca\/\">Cannabis Council of Canada<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"national organization of Canada\u2019s licensed producers of Cannabis under Health Canada\u2019s federal Cannabis Act\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cha.education\/\">Cannabis Horticultural Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"an authoritative and first choice for people seeking to learn how to cultivate clean, high grade cannabis through the objective information and education on sustainable and regenerative management practices\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/thecannabismarketingassociation.com\/\">Cannabis Marketing Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to bring a positive perception to, and authentic understanding of, cannabis and its consumers around the world\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/about-nida\/organization\/cross-cutting-research-teams-workgroups-interest-groups-consortia\/cannabis-science-interest-csi-group\">Cannabis Science Interest (CSI) Group<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">part of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, \"aims to promote discussion and knowledge dissemination about cutting edge scientific findings as well as changes in policy and legal status of cannabis, in order to generate innovative ideas for NIDA's research portfolio and dissemination\/outreach strategies for all audiences\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabistradefederation.com\/\">Cannabis Trade Federation<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a national coalition of cannabis-related businesses that represent all aspects of the industry including cultivators, dispensaries, wholesalers, distributors, and ancillary businesses\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/cannabisandsocialpolicy.org\/\">Center for the Study of Cannabis and Social Policy<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to promote public and private efforts to use cannabis legalization to end the war on drugs, or 'prohibition'\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/dfcr.org\/\">Doctors for Cannabis Regulation<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a non-profit organization dedicated to advocacy for the legalization, taxation and\u2014above all\u2014the effective regulation of marijuana in the United States\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.focusstandards.org\/\">Foundation of Cannabis Unified Standards<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to protect public health, consumer safety, and safeguard the environment by promoting integrity in the cannabis industry\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/thehia.org\/\">Hemp Industries Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a non-profit trade association representing more than one-thousand (1,000) supporters, farmers and business members serving the hemp industries since 1994\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabis-med.org\/\">International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to advance knowledge on cannabis, cannabinoids, the endocannabinoid system, and related topics especially with regard to their therapeutic potential\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/icrs.co\/\">International Cannabinoid Research Society<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to (1) foster cannabinoid research; (2) promote the exchange of scientific information and perspectives about Cannabis, the cannabinoids, and endocannabinoids through the organization of scientific meetings; (3) serve as a source of reliable information regarding the chemistry, pharmacology, therapeutic uses, toxicology and the behavioral, psychological, and social effects of cannabis and its constituents\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icci.science\/en\">International Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"identifies, coordinates and supports global research priorities for the advancement of cannabis and cannabinoid treatments through a multidisciplinary, evidence-based approach that incorporates innovative tools and methods\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.canbar.org\/\">International Cannabis Bar Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to educate and connect with other cannabis industry lawyers for the purpose of providing excellent, ethical, and advanced legal assistance to this growing industry\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.icfa.farm\/\">International Cannabis Farmers Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a broad group of cannabis farmers, scientists, and stakeholders working together to promote the unique quality and ecological benefits of traditionally farmed cannabis and cannabis-derived products while preserving the heritage of traditional farming communities\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/themedicalcannabisinstitute.org\/\">Medical Cannabis Institute, The<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"provides online medical education for healthcare professionals who want to learn about medical cannabis and its potential clinical application\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/medicalcannabissociety.org\/\">Medical Cannabis Society<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to foster a model medical cannabis industry in the United States through education and leadership\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/minoritycannabis.org\/\">Minority Cannabis Business Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"501(c)(6) not-for-profit business league created to serve the specific needs of minority cannabis entrepreneurs, workers, and patients\/consumers\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/maps.org\/\">Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a 501(c)(3) non-profit research and educational organization that develops medical, legal, and cultural contexts for people to benefit from the careful uses of psychedelics and marijuana\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nacb.com\/\">National Association of Cannabis Businesses<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a self-governing community, focused on differentiating themselves to regulators, the public and others brands or competitors as the most legitimate, professional and trustworthy businesses in the industry\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/nationalhempassociation.org\/\">National Hemp Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to support the growth and development of all aspects of the industrial hemp industry\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/norml.org\/\">NORML<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to move public opinion sufficiently to legalize the responsible use of marijuana by adults, and to serve as an advocate for consumers to assure they have access to high quality marijuana that is safe, convenient and affordable\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/patientsoutoftime.com\/\">Patients Out of Time<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a non-profit 501c3 corporation of the Commonwealth of Virginia that provides education to all disciplines of health care professionals; their specialty and professional organizations; the legal profession; and the public at large, about medical cannabis (marijuana)\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.projectcbd.org\/\">Project CBD<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to create a world where cannabis empowers people to take an active role in their health\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/learnaboutsam.org\/\">Smart Approaches to Marijuana<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"an alliance of organizations and individuals dedicated to a health-first approach to marijuana policy\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisclinicians.org\/\">Society of Cannabis Clinicians<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a 5013 non-profit organization dedicated to educating physicians about the medical use of cannabis\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tni.org\/en\/topic\/cannabis\">Transnational Institute, The<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to strengthen international social movements with rigorous research, reliable information, sound analysis and constructive proposals that advance progressive, democratic policy change and common solutions to global problems\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vetscp.org\/\">Veterans Cannabis Project<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to improving US military veterans\u2019 quality of life through the opportunity of cannabis\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/womengrow.com\/\">Women Grow<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a for-profit entity that serves as a catalyst for women to influence and succeed in the cannabis industry as the end of marijuana prohibition occurs on a national scale\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n<p><b>Regional<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<table style=\"\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"\">\n\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\" colspan=\"3\"><b>Table 2.<\/b> Regional entities\n<\/td><\/tr>\n\n<tr>\n<th style=\"background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Entity\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Region\/locality served\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"background-color:#e2e2e2; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Description from website\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/alaskamia.org\/\">Alaska Marijuana Industry Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Alaska\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">to \"promote and advocate for a vibrant and reasonably regulated Alaska-based marijuana industry\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/arcannabis.org\/\">Arkansas Cannabis Industry Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Arkansas\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a 501(c)(6) cannabis industry trade association advocating for laws, regulations and public policies that foster a healthy, professional and accountable medical cannabis industry in our state\"; the Arkansas Medical Marijuana Association merged with it in December 2018\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cacannabisindustry.org\/\">California Cannabis Industry Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">California\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to promote the growth of a responsible and legitimate cannabis industry and work for a favorable social, economic, and legal environment for our industry in the state of California\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbail.org\/\">Cannabis Business Association of Illinois<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Illinois\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a non-profit statewide association that represents member cannabis businesses licensed by the state of Illinois\"; formerly the Medical Cannabis Alliance of Illinois\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cannabistradecouncil.com\/\">Cannabis Trade Council<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Colorado\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to help the cannabis industry to grow and flourish through self-regulation while keeping the needs of the patient foremost\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cocannabischamber.com\/\">Colorado Cannabis Chamber of Commerce<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Colorado\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a nonprofit chamber of cannabis businesses that focuses on policies at the state and local levels of government\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/coleads.org\/\">Colorado Leads<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Colorado\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a pro-business alliance created to help educate the general public about the economic and community benefits of a safe, regulated medical and recreational cannabis industry\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/delawarecannabis.org\/\">Delaware Cannabis Advocacy Network<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Delaware\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to build and support a network of business owners, professionals and grassroots activists advocating to legalize cannabis in the First State\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.floridaforcare.org\/\">Florida for Care<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Florida\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a non-profit 501C(4) founded in 2014 to advocate for the implementation of a strong, well-regulated, medical marijuana system under Amendment 2\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/hawaiidispensaryalliance.org\/\">Hawai\u02bbi Dispensary Alliance<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Hawaii\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a 501c(6) membership organization that brings together Hawai\u2018i\u2019s patients, dispensaries, related businesses, and local communities through education, resources, and community building to advocate for favorable legal, social, and economic changes for Hawai\u2018i\u2019s legitimate cannabis industry\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/lvmma.org\/\">Las Vegas Medical Marijuana Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Nevada\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a chamber of commerce for medical marijuana, organized to promote the medical marijuana industry in Nevada\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/marijuanaindustrygroup.org\/\">Marijuana Industry Group<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Colorado\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to advance appropriate legislation, regulation and implementation of Colorado\u2019s licensing and regulatory program\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mita-az.org\/\">Marijuana Industry Trade Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Arizona\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"professionals, entrepreneurs, educators, and advocates united to build a strong and sustainable future for the cannabis industry in Arizona\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/mdcia.org\/\">Maryland Cannabis Industry Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Maryland\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a professional trade association advocating for laws, regulations and public policies that foster a healthy, professional and accountable medical cannabis industry in our state\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.marylandcannabispolicy.org\/coalition-members\">Maryland Cannabis Policy Coalition<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Maryland\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">to improve honest dialogue, remove criminal penalties for possession, and ensure proper regulation and taxation of cannabis sales in Maryland, among other goals\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdmda.org\/\">Maryland Medical Dispensary Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Maryland\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a professional trade association advocating for laws, regulations and public policies that foster a healthy, professional and secure medical cannabis industry in our state\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.canmd.org\/\">Maryland Wholesale Medical Cannabis Trade Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Maryland\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"promotes the responsible advancement of the medical cannabis industry in Maryland by fostering a favorable social, economic and legal climate\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.masscba.com\/\">Massachusetts Cannabis Business Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Massachusetts\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"advocates on behalf of our members to remove barriers, fight stigma, and bring cannabis into the mainstream of the Massachusetts economy\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.baystatecannabisgrowers.com\/\">Massachusetts Medical Marijuana Dispensers' Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Massachusetts\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to provide guidelines, best practices, vendor support, government regulation compliance and up to date research and knowledge about our industry\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/mcchi.org\/\">Medical Cannabis Coalition of Hawaii<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Hawaii\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"an independent community driven effort to support medical cannabis patients and caregivers in Hawai\u2018i\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/mmbafl.com\/\">Medical Marijuana Business Association of Florida<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Florida\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to protect and promote a rational and compassionate approach to Florida\u2019s emerging medical marijuana regulatory framework, serve as a responsible business resource for policy makers, support and grow business opportunities for the emerging medical marijuana industry\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/mmcm-online.org\/\">Medical Marijuana Caregivers of Maine<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Maine\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a Maine trade association dedicated to the support and promotion of safe access to medical marijuana\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/micia.org\/\">Michigan Cannabis Industry Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Michigan\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"advocates for a favorable policy environment in which cannabis can thrive\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.michiganmedicalmarijuana.org\/\">Michigan Medical Marijuana Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Michigan\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">not particularly clear on the website what their mission is\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mocanntrade.org\/\">Missouri Medical Cannabis Trade Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Missouri\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"an association of business owners and professionals proactively working together to build a successful, safe, compliant medical cannabis industry\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mtcia.org\/\">Montana Cannabis Industry Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Montana\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a safe, functional, responsible and accountable program that meets the needs of patients, communities, and providers\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nvdispense.com\/\">Nevada Dispensary Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Nevada\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to developing and promoting best practices among Nevada marijuana dispensaries as well as supporting the efforts of marijuana establishments to provide high quality, safe marijuana to Nevada\u2019s consumers\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/newjerseycia.org\/\">New Jersey Cannabis Industry Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">New Jersey\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to promote sensible policy, responsible growth and development of New Jersey\u2019s cannabis industry\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/ohiocannabisassociation.com\/\">Ohio Cannabis Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Ohio\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"promotes a responsible expansion of the industry in order to best serve every resident of Ohio\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.okcannabisassociation.com\/\">Oklahoma Cannabis Industry Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Oklahoma\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"the establishment of an innovative, industry-leading cannabis industry in Oklahoma built upon industry collaboration, community partnerships, enhanced market development and analysis, and a robust presence at our policy making institutions\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/orcannabisassociation.org\/\">Oregon Cannabis Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Oregon\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a diverse group of cultivators, processors, retailers, entrepreneurs, and allied businesses ... [dedicated] to help one another thrive through networking events, educational workshops, and political representation\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oregoncannabisretailers.com\/\">Oregon Retailers of Cannabis Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Oregon\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"a member supported non-profit trade association that lobbies and advocates on behalf of the cannabis industry and our members\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.texascannabisindustry.org\/\">Texas Cannabis Industry Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Texas\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"promotes and works to ensure the favorable social, economic and legal environment necessary for a legitimate and responsible cannabis industry in Texas\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ucba.com\/\">United Cannabis Business Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">California\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"shape the regulated cannabis industry through our political efforts, while creating a network and community for the licensed industry\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wacannabusiness.org\/\">Washington CannabBusiness Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Washington (state)\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to advocate on behalf of our member companies in the legislative, regulatory, legal and public policy arenas\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.washingtonsungrowers.org\/\">Washington Sungrowers Industry Association<\/a>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Washington (state)\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\"to support sungrown cannabis by encouraging environmental and economic sustainability through advocacy, education, and research\"\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20210112160722\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.025 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.027 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 4\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 1\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/p><p><!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 0.000 1 - -total\n-->\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Support_services\">Support services<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The following entities are known to provide consulting and support services of various types to cannabis testing labs (as well as cultivators, dispensaries, etc.):\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.3ccannabis.com\/\">3C Consulting<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/allayconsulting.com\/\">Allay Cannabis Consulting<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/americancannabisconsulting.com\/\">American Cannabis Company<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.begreenlegal.com\/\">Be Green Legal<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.belcostalabs.com\/services\/consulting\">BelCosta Labs<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisdispute.ca\/\">Canadian Cannabis Dispute Resolution Centre<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/thinkcanna.com\/\">Canna Advisors<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannaconsultinggroup.com\/\">Canna Consulting Group<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ccgiconsulting.com\/\">Cannabis Consulting Group<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisconsultingnationwide.com\/\">Cannabis Consulting Nationwide<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/michigan-marijuana-lawyer.com\/\">Cannabis Legal Group<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/elitediagnostics.com\/verticals\/cannabis-consulting\/\">Elite Diagnostics<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flourishsoftware.com\/cannabis-consulting\">Flourish Software<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fticonsulting.com\/services\/forensic-litigation-consulting\/cannabis-services\">FTI Consulting<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.greenrushconsulting.com\/\">Green Rush Consulting<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.growgreencc.com\/\">Grow Green Cannabis Consulting<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/higheryieldsconsulting.com\/\">Higher Yields Cannabis Consulting<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.highroadcg.com\/\">Highroad Consulting Group<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hypur.com\/\">Hypur<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/insightpnw.com\/\">Insight Cannabis Consulting<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.medicinemantechnologies.com\/\">Medicine Man Technologies<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.micannabislawyer.com\/\">Michigan Cannabis Lawyers<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mindfulcannabis.com\/\">Mindful Cannabis Consulting<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mjplatform.com\/cannabis-consulting\/\">MJ Freeway<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.norcalcannabisconsultants.com\/\">NorCal Cannabis Consultants<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.phytosciences.com\/\">PhytoSciences Consultants<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/quantum9.net\/\">Quantum 9<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/rhinelaboratories.com\/\">Rhine Laboratories<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/rmmcconsulting.com\/\">RMMC Consulting<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rockymountaincannabisconsulting.com\/\">Rocky Mountain Cannabis Consulting<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sivallc.com\/\">SIVA<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.steephill.com\/consulting\/\">Steep Hill<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vitalescientific.com\/services\/cannabis\/\">Vitale Scientific Associates<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/thewercshop.com\/\">The Werc Shop<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20210112160722\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.003 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.004 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 4\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 1\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/p><p><!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 0.000 1 - -total\n-->\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.463 seconds\nReal time usage: 1.245 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 22156\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 21283\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 154528\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 65960\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 14\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Industry_Resources\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Industry_Resources<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","680007f51061f7e5cb6f3a3d5a45e27c_images":[],"680007f51061f7e5cb6f3a3d5a45e27c_timestamp":1610467641,"f1e843f0e71b783f22f3ec75df796120_type":"article","f1e843f0e71b783f22f3ec75df796120_title":"Cannabis Testing Instruments, Software, and Equipment","f1e843f0e71b783f22f3ec75df796120_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Testing_Instruments,_Software,_and_Equipment","f1e843f0e71b783f22f3ec75df796120_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tCannabis Testing Instruments, Software, and Equipment \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tThe following is taken from Chapter 4 of Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States on LIMSwiki.\nContents\n\n1 4.1 Vendors: 0 through F \n\n1.1 4.1.1 AB Sciex Pte. Ltd. \n\n1.1.1 Instruments and methods \n\n\n1.2 4.1.2 Agilent Technologies, Inc. \n\n1.2.1 Instruments and methods \n1.2.2 Software \n\n\n1.3 4.1.3 Alpha-CAT Lab s.r.o. \n1.4 4.1.4 B\u00dcCHI Labortechnik AG \n\n1.4.1 Instruments and methods \n\n\n1.5 4.1.5 CEM Corporation \n\n1.5.1 Instruments and methods \n\n\n1.6 4.1.6 Conquer Scientific Service, Inc. \n1.7 4.1.7 Emerald Scientific, LLC \n1.8 4.1.8 Fritsch GmbH \n\n1.8.1 Instruments and methods \n\n\n\n\n2 4.2 Vendors: G through P \n\n2.1 4.2.1 GemmaCert Ltd. \n\n2.1.1 Instruments and methods \n\n\n2.2 4.2.2 GenTech Scientific, Inc. \n2.3 4.2.3 GMI OpCo, LLC \n2.4 4.2.4 ICON Scientific, Inc. \n\n2.4.1 Instruments and methods \n\n\n2.5 4.2.5 LGC Limited \n2.6 4.2.6 Marshall Scientific, LLC \n2.7 4.2.7 Microbiologics, Inc. \n2.8 4.2.8 Neutec Group, Inc. \n2.9 4.2.9 Orange Photonics, Inc. \n\n2.9.1 Instruments and methods \n\n\n2.10 4.2.10 Peak Scientific Instruments Ltd. \n\n2.10.1 Instruments and methods \n\n\n2.11 4.2.11 PerkinElmer, Inc. \n\n2.11.1 Instruments and methods \n2.11.2 Software \n\n\n\n\n3 4.3 Vendors: Q through Z \n\n3.1 4.3.1 Quantum Analytics, LLC \n3.2 4.3.2 Restek Corporation \n3.3 4.3.3 Sage Analytics \n\n3.3.1 Instruments and methods \n\n\n3.4 4.3.4 Scientific Repair, Inc. \n\n3.4.1 Instruments and methods \n3.4.2 Software \n\n\n3.5 4.3.5 Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc. \n\n3.5.1 Instruments and methods \n3.5.2 Software \n\n\n3.6 4.3.6 Sigma-Aldritch, Inc. \/ MilliporeSigma, Inc. \n3.7 4.3.7 SPEX CertiPrep, Inc. \n3.8 4.3.8 Thermo Fisher Scientific \n\n3.8.1 Instruments and methods \n3.8.2 Software \n\n\n3.9 4.3.9 VICAM \n3.10 4.3.10 Waters Corporation \n\n3.10.1 Instruments and methods \n\n\n3.11 4.3.11 Willow Industries, LLC \n\n\n4 References \n\n\n\nA variety of techniques are used to investigate the constituents of cannabis and their concentrations. From gas chromatography to make determinations about terpenes in a sample to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) techniques to identify mycotoxins and microorganisms, these differing techniques require a wide variety of laboratory tools. The most common among cannabis testing instruments are chromatography and spectroscopy equipment, often combined together for a more complete analysis. However, this equipment can be expensive, sometimes prohibitively expensive. Initial investments may range anywhere from $75,000 up to $600,000 or more, depending on what sort of testing is being performed in the lab.[1][2][3] As such, newly founded labs or labs looking to expand their analytic offerings to cannabis testing may also consider the purchase of previously owned equipment to save on initial start-up costs.\nWhat follows is a list of vendors known to offer new and\/or used instruments, software, and equipment commonly used in cannabis testing laboratories, with links to either the instruments marketed for cannabis testing or a landing page to begin a search. This is by no means a complete list but a representative example of the vendors marketing to the cannabis testing industry.\n\n4.1 Vendors: 0 through F \n4.1.1 AB Sciex Pte. Ltd. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/applications\/food-and-beverage-testing\/cannabis-testing.html\nCommonly known as Sciex, AB Sciex Pte. Ltd. develops \"solutions in mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis.\"[4] The company markets some of its solutions for cannabis lab testing, including[5]:\n\n potency testing\n mycotoxin testing\n pesticide testing\n terpene testing\nInstruments and methods \nTriple Quad systems\nSciex offers four different Triple Quad systems for tandem mass spectrometry paired with liquid chromatography (LC-MS\/MS): the 7500, 6500+, 5500+, 4500, and 3500. The company claims that with these systems \"scientists can acquire multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), precursor, neutral loss, and product ion scans to develop powerful methods for complex matrices, all while maintaining reproducibility and robustness.\"[6]\n\n 7500\n 6500+\n 5500+\n 4500\n 3500 \nQTRAP systems\nSciex also offers three different Triple Quad Linear Ion Traps (QTRAP) systems for LC-MS\/MS: the 6500+, 5500+, and 4500. The company states that these are similar to the Triple Quad systems \"but with enhanced scan functions to enable simultaneous quantitation and confirmation.\"[7]\n\n QTRAP 6500+ \n QTRAP 5500+ \n QTRAP 4500 \nvMethod for Cannabis\nSciex also offers a \"vMethod,\" a quantitation method for pesticide and cannabinoid analysis, that works on many of their LC-MS\/MS systems.[8]\n\r\n\n\n4.1.2 Agilent Technologies, Inc. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/solutions\/cannabis-hemp-testing\nAgilent Technologies, Inc. is an instrument and software development company for the life sciences, diagnostics, and applied chemical industries. The company offers a variety of chromatography and spectrometry instruments (using a wide array of techniques) and software for the cannabis testing industry, including[9]:\n\n potency and efficacy testing\n heavy metals testing\n microbial testing\n mycotoxin testing\n pesticide testing\n residual solvents testing\n terpene testing\nInstruments and methods \nThe company suggests instrument options based on what type of testing will occur.[9] \nPotency and efficacy testing\n\n 1260 Infinity II SFC System: a supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) system with an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) power range\n 1290 Infinity II LC System: an UHPLC system\n 1290 Infinity II 2D-LC System: similar to the prior, but with two-dimensional liquid chromatography\n 5977B GC\/MSD: a single-quadrupole GC\/MS system with an electron ionization (EI) source\n Cary 630 FTIR Spectrometer: portable fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy\n Intuvo 9000 GC System: an ultra-fast gas chromatography system\nHeavy metals testing\n\n 5110 ICP-OES Instrument: an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) instrument with synchronous radial and axial measurement\n 7800 ICP-MS: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrument\n 7900 ICP-MS: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrument with higher matrix tolerance, wider dynamic range, and better signal-to-noise ratio\n 8900 Triple Quadrupole ICP-MS: an inductively coupled plasma normal and tandem mass spectroscopy instrument with triple quadrupole\nPesticide and mycotoxin testing\n\n Triple Quadrupole LC\/MS: liquid chromatography normal and tandem mass spectrometry instruments, with two variations (-70B and -95C)\n 6500 Series Accurate-Mass Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (Q-TOF) LC\/MS: quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry instruments, with six variations (6530, -45, -45XT, -46, -50, and -60)\n 7000D Triple Quadrupole GC\/MS: a gas chromatography normal and tandem mass spectroscopy instrument with triple quadrupole and dynamic MRM\n Intuvo 9000 GC System: an ultra-fast gas chromatography system that works with with 5977B, 7000D, and 7010B mass spectrometers\n GC\/MS\/MS Pesticides Analyzer: a gas chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy instrument with triple quadrupole\nResidual solvents testing\n\n 8890 Series GC with 7697A Headspace Sampler and Flame Ionization Detector: a gas chromatography instrument combined with the 7697A Headspace Sampler and compatible flame ionization detector\n Intuvo 9000 GC System: an ultra-fast gas chromatography system that works with with 5977B, 7000D, and 7010B mass spectrometers\nTerpene testing\n\n 1260 Infinity II Diode Array Detector HS: a liquid chromatography high-sensitivity diode array detector\n 1260 Infinity II Diode Array Detector WR: a liquid chromatography wide-range diode array detector\n 8890 Series GC with 7697A Headspace Sampler and Flame Ionization Detector: a gas chromatography instrument combined with the 7697A Headspace Sampler and compatible flame ionization detector\n Intuvo 9000 GC System: an ultra-fast gas chromatography system that works with with 5977B, 7000D, and 7010B mass spectrometers\nSoftware \n ICP Expert Software for ICP-OES: inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) software for data analysis\n MassHunter: mass spectrometry software for instrument control, monitoring, and data analysis\n MicroLab: fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy software for quantitative method development, calibrations, and data analysis\n\r\n\n\n4.1.3 Alpha-CAT Lab s.r.o. \nMain landing page for cannabis production: https:\/\/www.alpha-cat.org\/resources\/how-it-works\/\nalpha-CAT Lab s.r.o. is a cannabis testing and equipment manufacturing business based in Prague, Czech Republic. The company not only runs cannabis testing laboratories in Europe but also develops the alpha-CAT cannabinoid analysis tool \"which combines the simple analytical technique of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with specific thin-layers and developing fluid.\"[10] Consult the website for more information.\n\r\n\n\n4.1.4 B\u00dcCHI Labortechnik AG \nMain landing page for cannabis production: https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/en\/cannabis-application-booklet\nB\u00dcCHI Labortechnik AG is laboratory technology development company for research and development, quality control, and production operations globally. The company offers a variety of instruments and equipment for cannabis production workflow, including[11]:\n\n post-chromatography and post-extraction solvent concentration\n preparative chromatography for purification of cannabinoids\n microencapsulation of CBD into gelatin beads\/soft oil core capsules\n formulation of CBD into an inhalable\/edible dry powder\nSee the Theory & Applications booklet (main landing page) for more details on how to integrate the equipment for each activity.\n\nInstruments and methods \nThe company suggests instrument options based on what type of production activity will occur.[11]\nPost-chromatography and post-extraction solvent concentration\n\n Rotavapor R-220 Pro: an industrial evaporator with programmable methods, automatic distillation, and remote monitoring options\n F-325 Recirculating Chiller\n V-600 Vacuum Pump\nPreparative chromatography for purification of cannabinoids\n\n Pure Chromatography Systems: flash column chromatography for separations and flash purification; more advanced than the Sepacore\n Sepacore Flash Systems X10\/X50: flash column chromatography for separations and flash purification\n C-601 Pump\n C-650 ELS Detector: an evaporative light scattering detector for any mobile phase or gradient\nMicroencapsulation of CBD into gelatin beads\/soft oil core capsules\n\n Encapsulator B-390\n Encapsulator B-395 Pro\n Rotavapor R-300: a rotary evaporator\n Interface I-300 Pro\n F-305 Recirculating Chiller\n V-300 Vacuum Pump\nFormulation of CBD into an inhalable\/edible dry powder\n\n B-290 Mini Spray Dryer\n B-295 Inert Loop\n\r\n\n\n4.1.5 CEM Corporation \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/cem.com\/en\/cannabis\nCEM Corporation is laboratory instrumentation and method design and development company, with a focus on compositional analysis of food and other samples, as well acid digestion and chemical synthesis. CEM specifically offers two different instruments for cannabis testing and analysis labs, including instruments for the[12]:\n\n extraction for potency, pesticide, terpene, and mycotoxin testing\n microwave digestion of oils, edibles, and plant material (before, e.g., inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy)\nInstruments and methods \n EDGE: an automated instrument for energized dispersive extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE)\n MARS 6: a microwave digestion system with hundreds of preprogrammed methods\n\r\n\n\n4.1.6 Conquer Scientific Service, Inc. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/conquerscientific.com\/cannabis-testing\/\nConquer Scientific Service, Inc. is a distributor of gently used laboratory testing equipment, including for the cannabis testing industry. Such instruments include a wide variety of chromatography and spectrometry devices, along with other essential supporting laboratory equipment like moisture analyzers. Conquer also offers repair services, including a same-day replacement program for Southern California customers.\n\r\n\n\n4.1.7 Emerald Scientific, LLC \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/emeraldscientific.com\/\nEmerald Scientific, LLC calls their business \"[t]he first and only company 100% dedicated to distributing scientific supplies and equipment to the cannabis industry.\"[13] The company lists a wide variety of instruments, equipment, and consumables for cannabis testing, production, and extraction laboratories. Emerald acts as a distributor of other products, and thus the inventory may change. Examples of inventory include:\n\n sample preparation supplies\n solvents\n mass spectrometry columns\n heating mantles\n chillers and circulators\n vacuum pumps and tubing\n reference standards\n culture media\n safety equipment\nConsult the Emerald website to see all they offer.\n\r\n\n\n4.1.8 Fritsch GmbH \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.fritsch-international.com\/sample-preparation\/applications-solutions\/ (select \"Cannabis\" from Industry option)\nFritsch GmbH manufactures sample preparation and particle sizing equipment for laboratories. The company lists one instrument specifically for the cannabis industry.\n\nInstruments and methods \n Universal Cutting Mill PULVERISETTE 19: a cutting mill \"to finely mill cannabis plant material in preparation for SFE processes,\" noting that \"[t]he efficient and precise reduction in particle size optimizes oil output and formulation.\"[14]\n\r\n\n\n4.2 Vendors: G through P \n4.2.1 GemmaCert Ltd. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/gemmacert.com\/\nGemmaCert Ltd. is a cannabis testing technology company that markets the GemmaCert analysis tool.\n\nInstruments and methods \n GemmaCert: a portable near-infrared spectroscopy instrument designed to analyze total THC and total CBD levels, without destroying the inserted specimen[15]; see the specifications sheet for more information\n\r\n\n\n4.2.2 GenTech Scientific, Inc. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/gentechscientific.com\/214-cannabis-testing-instruments\nGenTech Scientific, Inc. is a distributor of refurbished laboratory analytical instruments. The company states they \"offer instruments functioning at the manufacturer's original performance specifications\" and that are warrantied and supported.[16] Top instruments include chromatography and spectrometry equipment, and GenTech also offers new consumable kits. Inventory changes regularly, so visit their website often for the latest.\n\r\n\n\n4.2.3 GMI OpCo, LLC \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.gmi-inc.com\/programs\/cannabis-laboratory-instruments-services\/\nGMI OpCo, LLC (doing business as GMI) is a distributor of new and certified-refurbished instrumentation for a wide variety of labs, including cannabis testing labs. The company also supplies installation, training, and support for the instrumentation it supplies. Among its offerings are chromatography and spectrometry instruments, as well as benchtop equipment such as centrifuges.\n\r\n\n\n4.2.4 ICON Scientific, Inc. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.iconsci.com\/products\/\nICON Scientific specializes in full-size and miniaturized high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) solutions. Among its offerings are a full-sized HPLC, autosamplers, columns, and its miniature ANSER HPLC device for cannabis and hemp analysis.\n\nInstruments and methods \n ANSER: a portable high-performance liquid chromatography instrument designed to analyze cannabis and hemp potency and purity, including methods for THC concentrations and purity, CBD purity, and finished product analysis[17]\n AZURA HPLC Plus System: an HPLC system with a variety of detector options, including diode array, multi-wavelength, and variable wavelength UV detectors[18]\n\r\n\n\n4.2.5 LGC Limited \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/us.lgcstandards.com\/US\/en\/search?text=cannabis\nLGC Limited\u2014operating as LGC Standards\u2014manufactures and distributes reference materials and proficiency testing schemes for a variety of industries. Among its offerings are cannabis-related testing reference standards for pesticides, residual solvents, and terpenes. Consult the vendor's web store or contact them directly to learn about their entire stock of reference materials.\n\r\n\n\n4.2.6 Marshall Scientific, LLC \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.marshallscientific.com\/Cannabis_Testing_Laboratory_Equipment_a\/1582.htm\nMarshall Scientific, LLC is a distributor of refurbished laboratory equipment for a variety of clinical and research laboratories. The company markets some of its refurbished equipment for cannabis extraction and testing activities, including:\n\n high-performance liquid chromatography systems\n rotary evaporators\n benchtop centrifuges\n vacuum ovens\n analytical balances\n micropipette sets\nStock changes regularly, so visit their website often for the latest.\n\r\n\n\n4.2.7 Microbiologics, Inc. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.microbiologics.com\/cannabis\nMicrobiologics, Inc. develops and distributes biometerials. Among them, the company markets equipment and consumables for microbial testing of cannabis. Materials for growing reference cultures, bundled sets and panels of microorganisms, self-contained strains, and molecular standards are among Microbiologics' offerings. Consult their website for more details.\n\r\n\n\n4.2.8 Neutec Group, Inc. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/neutecgroup.com\/cannabis\nNeutec Group, Inc. provides equipment and support services to quality control and research and development laboratories. Neutec offers equipment solutions for cannabis testing labs testing for microbiological contaminates and water activity. This includes colony counters, water activity meters, multispectral imaging solutions, and air samplers. Consult their website for more details.\n\r\n\n\n4.2.9 Orange Photonics, Inc. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.orangephotonics.com\/\nOrange Photonics, Inc. ia a cannabis testing technology company that markets the LightLab cannabis analyzer.\n\nInstruments and methods \n LightLab: a portable high-performance liquid chromatography selective separation spectroscopy instrument for cannabis potency analysis; the optional Terpenes+ module also allows for terpenes analysis.[19]\n\r\n\n\n4.2.10 Peak Scientific Instruments Ltd. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/discover\/news\/what-are-the-most-common-forms-of-cannabis-testing\/\nPeak Scientific Instruments Ltd. designs, manufactures, and distributes high-performance gas generators for laboratories. In a November 2018 blog post, the company outlined how its many gas generation solutions could be paired with specific third-party analytical instruments for the various types of cannabis testing.[20] Peak offers solutions for:\n\n potency and efficacy testing\n heavy metals testing\n mycotoxins analysis\n pesticide testing\n residual solvents testing\n terpene testing\nInstruments and methods \nThe company suggests gas generation options based on what type of testing will occur.[20]\nPotency and efficacy testing\n\n Precision series: modular gas generators for gas chromatography, including nitrogen, hydrogen, zero air, and compressed air gas generators; recommends pairing with Agilent Intuvo 9000 GC and Agilent 5977B GC\/MSD instruments\n Solaris XE 35: a nitrogen generator for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry or low-flow nitrogen instruments; recommends pairing with the various Agilent 1290 Infinity II series instruments\nHeavy metals testing\n\n Precision Hydrogen Trace 250: a hydrogen generator designed primarily for gas chromatography carrier gas use, as well as flame ionization and flame photometric detection, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; recommends pairing with the Agilent 7800\/7900 ICP-MS and Agilent 8900 Triple Quadrupole ICP-MS\n NG5000 and NG5000A: ultra-high purity nitrogen generators, with the NG5000A having its own internal compressor; recommends pairing with the Agilent 5110 ICP-OES\nMycotoxins analysis\n\n Infinity 1051, Genius 1051, and Genius 3051: nitrogen and dry air generators for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, with the 3051 being recommend over the 1051 if high-flow gas delivery mode is required; recommends pairing with the Shimadzu LCMS-8050 Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer\n Genius 1024 and Infinity 1031: nitrogen and dry air generators for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; recommends pairing with the SCIEX Triple Quad or QTRAP 6500+ system\nPesticide testing\n\n Infinity 1051, Genius 1051, and Genius 3051: nitrogen and dry air generators for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, with the 3051 being recommend over the 1051 if high-flow gas delivery mode is required; recommends pairing with the Shimadzu LCMS-8050 Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer\n Genius 1024, Genius AB-3G, and Infinity 1031: nitrogen and dry air generators for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; recommends pairing with the SCIEX ExionLC AC HPLC System, in conjunction with the SCIEX QET 4500 LC-MS\/MS System\n Precision series: modular gas generators for gas chromatography, including nitrogen, hydrogen, zero air, and compressed air gas generators; recommends pairing with Agilent Intuvo 9000 GC and Agilent 5977B GC\/MSD instruments; recommends pairing with the Agilent 7000 Series Triple Quadrupole GC\/MS and the Agilent GC\/MS\/MS Pesticides Analyzer\n Solaris XE 35 and Genius XE 35: a nitrogen generator for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry or low-flow nitrogen instruments, as well as evaporative light scattering detection in the case of the Genius; recommends pairing with the Agilent 6400 Series Triple Quadrupole LC\/MS\n Solaris XE 35, Infinity XE 5010, Genius XE 35, and Genius XE 70: nitrogen generators for various purposes, depending on the model, though largely liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and evaporative light scattering detection; recommends pairing with the Agilent 6500 Series Accurate-Mass Quadrupole Q-TOF LC\/MS\nResidual solvents testing\n\n Precision Nitrogen Headspace 250: a nitrogen generator for gas chromatography with headspace sampler requirements; recommends pairing with the Shimadzu Nexis GC-2030 with HS-20 Headspace Sampler or the GCMS-TQ8050 with Headspace Sampler\n Precision series: modular gas generators for gas chromatography, including nitrogen, hydrogen, zero air, and compressed air gas generators; recommends pairing with Agilent 7890 Series GC and the Agilent Flame Ionization Detector\nTerpene testing\n\n Precision series: modular gas generators for gas chromatography, including nitrogen, hydrogen, zero air, and compressed air gas generators; recommends pairing with the Shimadzu GCMS-TQ8050 Triple Quadrupole Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer, the Agilent Intuvo 9000 GC, and the Agilent 7890 Series GC\n Genius 1024 and Infinity 1031: nitrogen and dry air generators for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; recommends pairing with the SCIEX Triple Quad or QTRAP 6500+ system\n Solaris XE 35: a nitrogen generator for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry or low-flow nitrogen instruments; recommends pairing with the Agilent 1260 Infinity II Diode Array Detector\n\r\n\n\n4.2.11 PerkinElmer, Inc. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/category\/cannabis-hemp-testing-solutions\nPerkinElmer, Inc. is a scientific technology company developing and distributing solutions \"for better detection, imaging, and informatics\" in the laboratory.[21] The company discusses the research area of cannabis analysis on its website, recommending instrument and consumables solutions for cannabis testing laboratories, including[22]:\n\n potency and efficacy testing\n heavy metals testing\n mycotoxins analysis\n pesticide testing\n residual solvents testing\n terpene testing\nInstruments and methods \nThe company suggests instrument options based on what type of testing will occur.[22]\nPotency and efficacy testing\n\n Flexar HPLC: a high-performance liquid chromatography system, that can be used with a quaternary pump, autosampler with Peltier cooling, column heater, and photodiode array detector to detect cannabinoids\n Spectrum Two FTIR: a fourier transform near-infrared spectrometry device that uses nondestructive methods\nHeavy metals testing\n\n NexION ICP-MS, with a Titan MPS: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy device that can be used in conjunction with the Titan MPS microwave digestion processing tool\nMycotoxins analysis\n\n QSight 420: an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument\nPesticide testing\n\n QSight 420: an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument\nResidual solvents testing\n\n Clarus SQ 8 GC\/MS, with a TurboMax headspace sampler: a headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry instrument\nTerpene testing\n\n Clarus SQ 8 GC\/MS, with a TurboMax headspace sampler: a headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry instrument\nSoftware \n ChemDraw: software for drawing chemical structures and biological pathways\n Simplicity 3Q: software for workflow management\n\r\n\n\n4.3 Vendors: Q through Z \n4.3.1 Quantum Analytics, LLC \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.lqa.com\/industry\/food-agriculture\/\nQuantum Analytics is a distributor of laboratory analytical instruments. The company markets several of its third-party instruments to cannabis laboratories for applications such as[23]:\n\n potency and efficacy testing\n heavy metals testing\n mycotoxins analysis\n pesticide testing\n residual solvents testing\n terpene testing\nConsult their website or cannabis capabilities flyer for more information.\n\r\n\n\n4.3.2 Restek Corporation \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.restek.com\/Landing-Pages\/Cannabis\nRestek Corporation develops and manufactures chromatography columns and accessories for a wide variety of industries. The company offers a wide variety of supplies for the cannabis testing industry, including[24]:\n\n chromatography columns\n certified reference standards\n sample preparation and management supplies\n consumables and accessories for chromatography instruments\nConsult their website or catalog to review all their cannabis testing supplies.\n\r\n\n\n4.3.3 Sage Analytics \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/sageanalytics.com\/\nSage Analytics develops and manufactures potency testing solutions for the cannabis testing industry. \n\nInstruments and methods \n Profiler II Humboldt Special Edition: a portable near-infrared spectroscopy device for testing cannabis potency\n ToxDetective: uses \"nano-manipulation technology to orient or encapsulate biomolecules such as proteins\/enzymes at the nano scale,\" which are then applied to a lateral flow assay[25]\n Beacon: a portable near-infrared spectroscopy device for testing cannabis potency, with an onboard touchscreen; also comes without a touchscreen, marketed as the Luminary Profiler\n\r\n\n\n4.3.4 Scientific Repair, Inc. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.srigc.com\/cn\/downloads\/1\/Model420GCSept2016%20(2).pdf\nCommonly known as SRI Instruments, Scientific Repair, Inc. manufactures and distributes chromatography instruments and accessories. Their 26-page guide on gas chromatographs for cannabis testing lists three primary instruments and describes their practical use for[26]:\n\n potency and efficacy testing\n residual solvents testing\n terpene testing\nInstruments and methods \nThe company suggests instrument options based on what type of testing will occur.[26]\nPotency and efficacy testing\n\n Model 310C-MM: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with additional columns for extended analyses\n Model 420 GC: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument\n Model 8610C: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with optional columns for additional analyses\nResidual solvents testing\n\n Model 310C-MM: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with additional columns for extended analyses\n Model 8610C: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with optional columns for additional analyses\nTerpene testing\n\n Model 310C-MM: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with additional columns for extended analyses\n Model 8610C: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with optional columns for additional analyses\nSoftware \n PeakSimple: chromatography software for SRI's chromatography instruments\n\r\n\n\n4.3.5 Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/industry\/cannabis-testing-solutions.html\nShimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc. is a multi-divisional corporation that focuses on creating and distributing medical diagnostic, aerospace, and analytical instrument solutions for a variety of industries. Among their solutions are chromatography, spectrometry, and other cannabis testing solutions for laboratories for purposes of[27]:\n\n potency and efficacy testing\n heavy metals testing\n moisture content analysis\n mycotoxins analysis\n pesticide testing\n residual solvents testing\n terpene testing\nInstruments and methods \nThe company suggests instrument options based on what type of testing will occur, via their cannabis testing brochure. Additionally, they offer two advanced tools for research:\n\n Nexera UC: a supercritical fluid extraction and supercriticial fluid chromatography liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument\n MALDI iD-Plus: a microbial identification system\nPotency and efficacy testing\n\n Cannabis Analyzer for Potency: a high-performance liquid chromatography instrument with three methods: high-throughput, high-sensitivity, and high-resolution\n LC-2050C 3D: an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography instrument with a photodiode array detector\n Nexera UC: supercritical fluid chromatography system\nHeavy metals testing\n\n ICPMS-2030: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy instrument\nMoisture content analysis\n\n MOC63u Moisture Balance: a moisture balance with five preset measurement programs\n MOC-120H Moisture Balance: a moisture balance with nine preset measurement programs\nMycotoxins analysis\n\n LCMS-8050 or LCMS-8060: a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument\nPesticide testing\n\n GCMS-TQ8050 NX: a triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument that can be paired with the AOC-6000 or AOC-20i headspace autosamplers\n LCMS-8050 or LCMS-8060: a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument\nResidual solvents testing\n\n GCMS-TQ8050: a triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument that can be paired with the AOC-6000 or AOC-20i headspace autosamplers\n Nexis GC-2030: a gas chromatography instrument paired with the HS-20 headspace sampler\n Nexis GC-2030: a dual-BID gas chromatography instrument\nTerpene testing\n\n GCMS-TQ8050 NX: a triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument that can be paired with the HS-20 headspace sampler and NIST Mass Spectral Library\n GCMS-QP2020 NX: a single-quad gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer that can be paired with the HS-20 headspace sampler or the AOC-6000] autosampler\nSoftware \n LabSolutions: a suite of software tools that allows users to control instruments and view instrument data, and it can create and export files (spreadsheets) of instrument data that can be mapped to a database in an interfaced laboratory information management system (LIMS)\n\r\n\n\n4.3.6 Sigma-Aldritch, Inc. \/ MilliporeSigma, Inc. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/analytical-chromatography\/food-safety\/cannabis-testing.html\nNote: Sigma-Aldritch, Inc. was acquired by Millipore and became MilliporeSigma, Inc. The Sigma-Aldritch website is still active and demonstrates its cannabis testing materials; however, the website will likely change in the future.\nSigma-Aldritch, Inc., which has become MilliporeSigma, Inc., distributes lab materials and technologies for various industries. This includes the cannabis testing industry, with supplies like[28]:\n\n chromatography columns\n certified reference materials\n solvents and reagents\n sample preparations kits\n laboratory equipment\nSee their cannabis testing catalog for more details.\n\r\n\n\n4.3.7 SPEX CertiPrep, Inc. \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.spexcertiprep.com\/Product\/OrganicCertifiedReferenceMaterials\nSPEX CertiPrep, Inc. is a distributor of certified reference materials and sample preparation equipment for analytical spectroscopy. The company markets standards for many types of cannabis testing, as well a few sample preparation instruments such as mills and grinders. Consult their website for available supplies, as well as their online standards catalog.\n\r\n\n\n4.3.8 Thermo Fisher Scientific \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/products-and-services\/promotions\/industrial\/cannabis-testing-canada.html\nThermo Fisher Scientific is a multi-divisional corporation that develops, manufactures, and distributes a wide variety of technologies for research and analytical laboratories. The company has begun marketing cannabis testing solutions to the Canadian market, with its 2018 legalization campaign complete. Among its offerings are solutions for[29]:\n\n potency and efficacy testing\n heavy metals testing\n mold and bacteria analysis\n mycotoxins analysis\n pesticide testing\n residual solvents testing\nAside from instruments, Thermo Fisher also lists a variety of chromatography columns and sample preparation kits for each type of testing. Consult the website for more on these items.\n\nInstruments and methods \nThe company suggests instrument options based on what type of testing will occur.[29]\nPotency and efficacy testing\n\n UHPLC Systems: three different ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography instruments: Vanquish Horizon, Flex, and Duo\n UltiMate 3000 HPLC Systems: high- and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography systems, with four different variations of preparation\n TSQ Altis and TSQ Quantis: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple-stage quadrupole instruments, with the Quantis having greater mass range\n Q Exactive Hybrid: liquid chromatography mass spectrometry that has \"quadruple precursor ion selection with high-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) Orbitrap detection\"\n TRACE 1310: a gas chromatography \/ gas chromatography mass spectrometry instrument\n ISQ 7000: gas chromatography mass spectrometry with single quadrupole\n Exactive GC Orbitrap: gas chromatography mass spectrometry with Orbitrap technology\n Q Exactive GC Orbitrap: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with Orbitrap technology\nHeavy metals testing\n\n iCAP 7000 Series ICP-OES: a series of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry instruments: the 7200, 7400, and 7600\n iCAP RQ ICP-MS: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry instrument with single quadrupole\n iCAP TQ ICP-MS: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry instrument with triple quadrupole\nMold and bacteria analysis\n\n QuantStudio 5 Food Safety Real-Time PCR System: a polymerase chain reaction instrument\n other QuantStudio series PRC devices: other polymerase chain reaction instruments that vary based on need\nMycotoxins analysis\n\n UHPLC Systems: three different ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography instruments: Vanquish Horizon, Flex, and Duo\n UltiMate 3000 HPLC Systems: high- and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography systems, with four different variations of preparation\n TSQ Altis and TSQ Quantis: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple-stage quadrupole instruments, with the Quantis having greater mass range\n Q Exactive Hybrid: liquid chromatography mass spectrometry that has \"quadruple precursor ion selection with high-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) Orbitrap detection\"\nPesticide testing\n\n UHPLC Systems: three different ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography instruments: Vanquish Horizon, Flex, and Duo\n UltiMate 3000 HPLC Systems: high- and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography systems, with four different variations of preparation\n TSQ Altis and TSQ Quantis: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple-stage quadrupole instruments, with the Quantis having greater mass range\n Q Exactive Hybrid: liquid chromatography mass spectrometry that has \"quadruple precursor ion selection with high-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) Orbitrap detection\"\n ISQ 7000: gas chromatography mass spectrometry with single quadrupole\n TSQ 9000: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole\n Exactive GC Orbitrap: gas chromatography mass spectrometry with Orbitrap technology\n Q Exactive GC Orbitrap: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with Orbitrap technology\nResidual solvents testing\n\n TRACE 1310: a gas chromatography \/ gas chromatography mass spectrometry instrument\n TriPlus 500: a headspace autosampler for gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry instruments\n TriPlus RSH: an autosampler for headspace and\/or liquid injection with gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry instruments\n Instant Connect FID: a flame ionization detector compatible with the TRACE 1300 series\nSoftware \n Chromeleon: a chromatography data system\n TraceFinder: workflow management, quantitation, and data analysis software\n Compound Discovere: software for small molecule data analysis\n Qtegra Intelligent Scientific Data Solution: control and data processing software for a range of elemental and isotopic analysis tech\n Thermo Fisher Cloud: cloud hosting service by Thermo Fisher\n\r\n\n\n4.3.9 VICAM \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.vicam.com\/markets\/botanicals\nVICAM, a subsidiary of Waters Corporation, develops and distribute mycotoxin testing supplies. While the company makes no mention of cannabis testing on its website, it does offer mycotoxin testing solutions for botanical products, primarily testing for[30]:\n\n Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2\n Bisphenol A\n Citrinin\n Deoxynivalenol\n Fumonisins B1, B2, and B3\n Ochratoxin A\n T-2\/HT-2\n Zearalenone\n\r\n\n\n4.3.10 Waters Corporation \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/www.waters.com\/waters\/en_US\/Cannabis-and-Hemp-Testing-Solutions\/nav.htm?cid=135005280\nWaters Corporation specialty measurement instruments for laboratories from a wide array of industries. The company details that its instruments can handle cannabis testing activities such as[31][32][33][34][35][36]:\n\n potency and efficacy testing\n mycotoxins\n pesticide testing\nInstruments and methods \nWaters instrument options are based on what equipment was used for specific testing as indicated in its white papers, as well as what's suggested on their cannabis landing page. Additionally, Waters offers an extraction system for botanical matrices:\n\n SFE Bio-Botanical Extraction System\nPotency and efficacy testing\n\n ACQUITY QDa Mass Detector: a mass detector that can bused in conjunction with UPLC, UPC2, and Alliance HPLC systems (see below) for mass confirmation of cannabinoids\n ACQUITY UPLC Systems: an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography suite of systems, including the H-, I, and M-Class systems\n ACQUITY UPC2 System: an ultra-high-performance convergence chromatography system that uses CO2 as a primary mobile phase component\n Alliance HPLC System: a high-performance liquid chromatography instrument, with integrated solvent and sample management\nMycotoxins\n\n Vicam aflatoxin testing solutions: simple and rapid aflatoxin test kits\n Vicam Series-4EX Fluorometer: a platform for measuring total mycotoxin levels without HPLC or UPLC\n Xevo TQ-S micro: tandem mass spectrometry instrument with triple quadrupole, presumably with an LC system\nPesticide testing\n\n Xevo TQ-S micro with an ACQUITY UPLC system : an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument with triple quadrupole\n Xevo TQ-GC: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument with triple quadrupole\n\r\n\n\n4.3.11 Willow Industries, LLC \nMain landing page for cannabis testing: https:\/\/willowindustries.com\/\nWillow Industries, LLC is a Colorado-based cannabis decontamination technology business and consultancy. The company produces the WillowPure, a device that allows users to reduce the microbial contamination levels of cannabis. The device comes in versions that support up to five, 20, and 40 pounds throughput.[37] Consult the website for more details.\n\nReferences \n\n\n\u2191 Schrover, J. (January 2016). \"Industry Snapshot: Testing Labs\". Marijuana Business Magazine. https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Clifford, B. (05 February 2018). \"Cannabis Quality and Contamination Testing\". News Medical Life Sciences. https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/news\/20180205\/Cannabis-Quality-and-Contamination-Testing.aspx . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Borchardt, D. (05 April 2017). \"Cannabis Lab Testing Is The Industry's Dirty Little Secret\". Forbes. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debraborchardt\/2017\/04\/05\/cannabis-lab-testing-is-the-industrys-dirty-little-secret\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"About Us\". AB Sciex Pte. Ltd. https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/about-us.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Enhance your marijuana and hemp testing lab\u2019s potential with LC-MS\/MS technology\". AB Sciex Pte. Ltd. https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/applications\/food-and-beverage-testing\/cannabis-testing.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"SCIEX Triple Quad LC-MS\/MS Systems\". AB Sciex Pte. Ltd. https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/mass-spectrometers\/triple-quad-systems.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"QTRAP LC-MS\/MS Systems\". AB Sciex Pte. Ltd. https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/mass-spectrometers\/qtrap-systems.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"vMethod Application for Quantitation of Pesticide Residues and Cannabinoids in Cannabis Matrices 1.0\". AB Sciex Pte. Ltd. https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/methods\/vmethod-application-for-quantitation-of-pesticide-residues-and-cannabinoids-in-cannabis-matrices-10.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 9.0 9.1 \"Cannabis & Hemp Testing\". Agilent Technologies, Inc. https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/solutions\/cannabis-hemp-testing . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"How it works\". Alpha-CAT Lab s.r.o. https:\/\/www.alpha-cat.org\/resources\/how-it-works\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 11.0 11.1 \"Cannabis Booklet: Theory & Applications\" (PDF). B\u00dcCHI Labortechnik AG. https:\/\/static1.buchi.com\/sites\/default\/files\/content-page\/downloads\/Application_Booklet_Cannabis_.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Cannabis Analysis\". CEM Corporation. https:\/\/cem.com\/en\/cannabis . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Emerald Scientific\". Emerald Scientific, LLC. https:\/\/emeraldscientific.com\/ . Retrieved 21 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 \"CANNABIS PLANT MATERIAL PREPARATION FOR EFFICIENT EXTRACTION\". Fritsch GmbH. https:\/\/www.fritsch-international.com\/sample-preparation\/applications-solutions\/details\/solution\/cannabis-plant-material-preparation-for-efficient-extraction\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"GemmaCert - Technology\". GemmaCert Ltd. https:\/\/gemmacert.com\/index.php\/tech\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"GenTech\". GenTech Scientific, Inc. https:\/\/gentechscientific.com\/content\/25-about-us . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"The ANSER Cannabis & Hemp Analyzer\". ICON Scientific, Inc. https:\/\/www.iconsci.com\/the-anser-cannabis-hemp-analyzer\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"AZURA HPLC Plus Systems\". ICON Scientific, Inc. https:\/\/www.iconsci.com\/parentcat\/237\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"LightLab Cannabis Analyzer\". Orange Photonics, Inc.   \n\n\u2191 20.0 20.1 McBride, B. (09 November 2018). \"What are the most common forms of cannabis testing?\". Peak Scientific Instruments Ltd. https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/discover\/news\/what-are-the-most-common-forms-of-cannabis-testing\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Discover PerkinElmer\". PerkinElmer, Inc. https:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/corporate\/what-we-do\/markets . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 22.0 22.1 \"Cannabis Analysis\". PerkinElmer, Inc. https:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/category\/cannabis-hemp-testing-solutions . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Food & agriculture\". Quantum Analytics, LLC. https:\/\/www.lqa.com\/industry\/food-agriculture\/ . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Growing Analytical Solutions for Cannabis Labs\". Restek Corporation. https:\/\/www.restek.com\/Landing-Pages\/Cannabis#products . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Introducing the ToxDetective\" (PDF). Sage Analytics. March 2020. https:\/\/toxdetective.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/ToxD_bro_lo_32520.pdf . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 26.0 26.1 \"SRI Gas Chromatographs for Cannabis Testing\" (PDF). Scientific Repair, Inc. September 2016. https:\/\/www.srigc.com\/cn\/downloads\/1\/Model420GCSept2016%20(2).pdf . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Cannabis Testing Solutions\". Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc. https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/industry\/cannabis-testing-solutions.html . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Cannabis Testing: Quality You Can Trust\" (PDF). Sigma-Aldritch, Inc. March 2017. https:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/content\/dam\/sigma-aldrich\/docs\/Sigma-Aldrich\/General_Information\/1\/cannabis-testing.pdf . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 29.0 29.1 \"Cannabis Testing in Canada\". Thermo Fisher Scientific. https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/products-and-services\/promotions\/industrial\/cannabis-testing-canada.html . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Botanicals\". VICAM. https:\/\/www.vicam.com\/markets\/botanicals . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Cannabis and Hemp Testing Solutions\". Waters Corporation. https:\/\/www.waters.com\/waters\/en_US\/Cannabis-and-Hemp-Testing-Solutions\/nav.htm?cid=135005280 . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Building Laboratory Capacity to Ensure Cannabis Safety, Quality, and Efficacy\" (PDF). Waters Corporation. August 2018. https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006394en.pdf . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Tran, K.; Twohig, M; Young, M. et al. (September 2018). \"Determination of the Oregon Pesticide List in Cannabis Using a Simple Extraction Procedure with dSPE Cleanup and UPLC-MS\/MS\" (PDF). Waters Corporation. https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006373en.pdf . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Aubin, A.J.; Layton, C.; Helmueller, S. (November 2018). \"Separation of 16 Cannabinoids in Cannabis Flower and Extracts Using a Reversed-Phase Isocratic HPLC Method\" (PDF). Waters Corporation. https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006426en.pdf . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Mass Confirmation of Cannabinoids in Cannabis sativa by Using HPTLC-QDa\" (PDF). Waters Corporation. July 2017. https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006047en.pdf . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Gottardi, M.; Ferron, F.; Lee, R. et al. (September 2018). \"Using UPLC-MS\/MS for the Determination of Carboxy-THC (cTHC) in Hair for Forensic Toxicology\" (PDF). Waters Corporation. https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006363en.pdf . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"WillPure - Our Systems\". Willow Industries, LLC. https:\/\/willowindustries.com\/our-systems\/ . Retrieved 10 January 2021 .   \n\n\n\n\n\r\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Testing_Instruments,_Software,_and_Equipment\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Testing_Instruments,_Software,_and_Equipment<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 9 January 2021, at 23:31.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 1,040 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","f1e843f0e71b783f22f3ec75df796120_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Cannabis_Testing_Instruments_Software_and_Equipment skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Cannabis Testing Instruments, Software, and Equipment<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Lab_equipment_7.JPG\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"dc5812b5c4f02ad57468a42c29a33ddb\"><img alt=\"Lab equipment 7.JPG\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Lab_equipment_7.JPG\/500px-Lab_equipment_7.JPG\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>The following is taken from Chapter 4 of <i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php?title=LII:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"limswiki:LII:Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States\" data-key=\"1df0af9cbc96b7412a0ae6a7f2279f68\">Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States<\/a><\/i> on LIMSwiki.\n<div class=\"nonumtoc\">\n<\/div>\n<p>A variety of techniques are used to investigate the constituents of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cannaqa.wiki\/index.php?title=Cannabis\" title=\"Cannabis\" rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\">cannabis<\/a> and their concentrations. From <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cannaqa.wiki\/index.php?title=Gas_chromatography\" title=\"Gas chromatography\" rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\">gas chromatography<\/a> to make determinations about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cannaqa.wiki\/index.php?title=Terpene\" title=\"Terpene\" rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\">terpenes<\/a> in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cannaqa.wiki\/index.php?title=Sample_(material)\" title=\"Sample (material)\" rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\">sample<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cannaqa.wiki\/index.php?title=Real-time_polymerase_chain_reaction\" title=\"Real-time polymerase chain reaction\" rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\">quantitative polymerase chain reaction<\/a> (qPCR) techniques to identify <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cannaqa.wiki\/index.php?title=Mycotoxin\" title=\"Mycotoxin\" rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\">mycotoxins<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cannaqa.wiki\/index.php?title=Microorganism\" title=\"Microorganism\" rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\">microorganisms<\/a>, these differing techniques require a wide variety of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cannaqa.wiki\/index.php?title=Laboratory\" title=\"Laboratory\" rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\">laboratory<\/a> tools. The most common among cannabis testing instruments are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cannaqa.wiki\/index.php?title=Chromatography\" title=\"Chromatography\" rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\">chromatography<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cannaqa.wiki\/index.php?title=Spectroscopy\" title=\"Spectroscopy\" rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\">spectroscopy<\/a> equipment, often combined together for a more complete analysis. However, this equipment can be expensive, sometimes prohibitively expensive. Initial investments may range anywhere from $75,000 up to $600,000 or more, depending on what sort of testing is being performed in the lab.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SchroverIndustry16_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SchroverIndustry16-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CliffordCanna18_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CliffordCanna18-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BorchardtCannabis17_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BorchardtCannabis17-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> As such, newly founded labs or labs looking to expand their analytic offerings to cannabis testing may also consider the purchase of previously owned equipment to save on initial start-up costs.\n<\/p><p>What follows is a list of vendors known to offer new and\/or used instruments, software, and equipment commonly used in cannabis testing laboratories, with links to either the instruments marketed for cannabis testing or a landing page to begin a search. This is by no means a complete list but a representative example of the vendors marketing to the cannabis testing industry.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.1_Vendors:_0_through_F\">4.1 Vendors: 0 through F<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.1.1_AB_Sciex_Pte._Ltd.\">4.1.1 AB Sciex Pte. Ltd.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/applications\/food-and-beverage-testing\/cannabis-testing.html\">https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/applications\/food-and-beverage-testing\/cannabis-testing.html<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Commonly known as Sciex, AB Sciex Pte. Ltd. develops \"solutions in mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SciexAbout_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SciexAbout-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> The company markets some of its solutions for cannabis lab testing, including<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SciexCanna_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SciexCanna-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> potency testing<\/li>\n<li> mycotoxin testing<\/li>\n<li> pesticide testing<\/li>\n<li> terpene testing<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><b>Triple Quad systems<\/b>\n<\/p><p>Sciex offers four different Triple Quad systems for tandem mass spectrometry paired with liquid chromatography (LC-MS\/MS): the 7500, 6500+, 5500+, 4500, and 3500. The company claims that with these systems \"scientists can acquire multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), precursor, neutral loss, and product ion scans to develop powerful methods for complex matrices, all while maintaining reproducibility and robustness.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SciexTQ_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SciexTQ-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/mass-spectrometers\/triple-quad-systems\/triple-quad-7500-system.html\">7500<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/mass-spectrometers\/triple-quad-systems\/triple-quad-6500plus-system.html\">6500+<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/mass-spectrometers\/triple-quad-systems\/triple-quad-5500-lc-ms-ms-system-qtrap-ready.html\">5500+<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/mass-spectrometers\/triple-quad-systems\/triple-quad-4500-system.html\">4500<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/mass-spectrometers\/triple-quad-systems\/triple-quad-3500-system.html\">3500<\/a> <\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>QTRAP systems<\/b>\n<\/p><p>Sciex also offers three different Triple Quad Linear Ion Traps (QTRAP) systems for LC-MS\/MS: the 6500+, 5500+, and 4500. The company states that these are similar to the Triple Quad systems \"but with enhanced scan functions to enable simultaneous quantitation and confirmation.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SciexQTRAP_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SciexQTRAP-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/mass-spectrometers\/qtrap-systems\/qtrap-6500plus-system.html\">QTRAP 6500+<\/a> <\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/mass-spectrometers\/triple-quad-systems\/triple-quad-5500-lc-ms-ms-system-qtrap-ready.html\">QTRAP 5500+<\/a> <\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/mass-spectrometers\/qtrap-systems\/qtrap-4500-system.html\">QTRAP 4500<\/a> <\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>vMethod for Cannabis<\/b>\n<\/p><p>Sciex also offers a \"<a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/methods\/vmethod-application-for-quantitation-of-pesticide-residues-and-cannabinoids-in-cannabis-matrices-10.html\">vMethod<\/a>,\" a quantitation method for pesticide and cannabinoid analysis, that works on many of their LC-MS\/MS systems.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SciexVMethodCann_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SciexVMethodCann-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.1.2_Agilent_Technologies.2C_Inc.\">4.1.2 Agilent Technologies, Inc.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/solutions\/cannabis-hemp-testing\">https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/solutions\/cannabis-hemp-testing<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Agilent Technologies, Inc. is an instrument and software development company for the life sciences, diagnostics, and applied chemical industries. The company offers a variety of chromatography and spectrometry instruments (using a wide array of techniques) and software for the cannabis testing industry, including<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AgilentCanna_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AgilentCanna-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> potency and efficacy testing<\/li>\n<li> heavy metals testing<\/li>\n<li> microbial testing<\/li>\n<li> mycotoxin testing<\/li>\n<li> pesticide testing<\/li>\n<li> residual solvents testing<\/li>\n<li> terpene testing<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_2\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The company suggests instrument options based on what type of testing will occur.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AgilentCanna_9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AgilentCanna-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup> \n<\/p><p><b>Potency and efficacy testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/liquid-chromatography\/hplc-systems\/analytical-hplc-systems\/1260-infinity-ii-lc-system\">1260 Infinity II SFC System<\/a>: a supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) system with an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) power range<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/liquid-chromatography\/hplc-systems\/analytical-hplc-systems\/1290-infinity-ii-lc-system\">1290 Infinity II LC System<\/a>: an UHPLC system<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/liquid-chromatography\/hplc-systems\/application-specific-hplc-systems\/1290-infinity-ii-2d-lc-system\">1290 Infinity II 2D-LC System<\/a>: similar to the prior, but with two-dimensional liquid chromatography<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-gc-ms\/gc-ms-instruments\/5977b-gc-msd\">5977B GC\/MSD<\/a>: a single-quadrupole GC\/MS system with an electron ionization (EI) source<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/molecular-spectroscopy\/ftir-spectroscopy\/ftir-benchtop-systems\/cary-630-ftir-spectrometer\">Cary 630 FTIR Spectrometer<\/a>: portable fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/gas-chromatography\/gc-systems\/intuvo-9000-gc-system\">Intuvo 9000 GC System<\/a>: an ultra-fast gas chromatography system<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Heavy metals testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/atomic-spectroscopy\/inductively-coupled-plasma-optical-emission-spectroscopy-icp-oes\/icp-oes-instruments\/5110-icp-oes\">5110 ICP-OES Instrument<\/a>: an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) instrument with synchronous radial and axial measurement<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/atomic-spectroscopy\/inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry-icp-ms\/icp-ms-instruments\/7800-icp-ms\">7800 ICP-MS<\/a>: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrument<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/atomic-spectroscopy\/inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry-icp-ms\/icp-ms-instruments\/7900-icp-ms\">7900 ICP-MS<\/a>: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrument with higher matrix tolerance, wider dynamic range, and better signal-to-noise ratio<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/atomic-spectroscopy\/inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry-icp-ms\/icp-ms-instruments\/8900-triple-quadrupole-icp-ms\">8900 Triple Quadrupole ICP-MS<\/a>: an inductively coupled plasma normal and tandem mass spectroscopy instrument with triple quadrupole<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Pesticide and mycotoxin testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-lc-ms\/lc-ms-instruments\/triple-quadrupole-lc-ms\">Triple Quadrupole LC\/MS<\/a>: liquid chromatography normal and tandem mass spectrometry instruments, with two variations (-70B and -95C)<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-lc-ms\/lc-ms-instruments\/quadrupole-time-of-flight-lc-ms\">6500 Series Accurate-Mass Quadrupole Time-of-Flight (Q-TOF) LC\/MS<\/a>: quadrupole time-of-flight liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry instruments, with six variations (6530, -45, -45XT, -46, -50, and -60)<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-gc-ms\/gc-ms-instruments\/7000d-triple-quadrupole-gc-ms\">7000D Triple Quadrupole GC\/MS<\/a>: a gas chromatography normal and tandem mass spectroscopy instrument with triple quadrupole and dynamic MRM<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/gas-chromatography\/gc-systems\/intuvo-9000-gc-system\">Intuvo 9000 GC System<\/a>: an ultra-fast gas chromatography system that works with with 5977B, 7000D, and 7010B mass spectrometers<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-gc-ms\/gc-ms-application-solutions\/food-testing-solutions\/gc-ms-ms-pesticides-analyzer\">GC\/MS\/MS Pesticides Analyzer<\/a>: a gas chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy instrument with triple quadrupole<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Residual solvents testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/gas-chromatography\/gc-systems\/8890-gc-system\">8890 Series GC with 7697A Headspace Sampler and Flame Ionization Detector<\/a>: a gas chromatography instrument combined with the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/gas-chromatography\/gc-sample-preparation-introduction\/7697a-headspace-sampler\">7697A Headspace Sampler<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/store\/en_US\/Prod-G3431-60531\/G3431-60531\">compatible flame ionization detector<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/gas-chromatography\/gc-systems\/intuvo-9000-gc-system\">Intuvo 9000 GC System<\/a>: an ultra-fast gas chromatography system that works with with 5977B, 7000D, and 7010B mass spectrometers<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Terpene testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/liquid-chromatography\/hplc-components-accessories\/hplc-detectors\/1260-infinity-ii-diode-array-detector-hs\">1260 Infinity II Diode Array Detector HS<\/a>: a liquid chromatography high-sensitivity diode array detector<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/liquid-chromatography\/hplc-components-accessories\/hplc-detectors\/1260-infinity-ii-diode-array-detector-wr\">1260 Infinity II Diode Array Detector WR<\/a>: a liquid chromatography wide-range diode array detector<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/gas-chromatography\/gc-systems\/8890-gc-system\">8890 Series GC with 7697A Headspace Sampler and Flame Ionization Detector<\/a>: a gas chromatography instrument combined with the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/gas-chromatography\/gc-sample-preparation-introduction\/7697a-headspace-sampler\">7697A Headspace Sampler<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/store\/en_US\/Prod-G3431-60531\/G3431-60531\">compatible flame ionization detector<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/gas-chromatography\/gc-systems\/intuvo-9000-gc-system\">Intuvo 9000 GC System<\/a>: an ultra-fast gas chromatography system that works with with 5977B, 7000D, and 7010B mass spectrometers<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Software\">Software<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/atomic-spectroscopy\/inductively-coupled-plasma-optical-emission-spectroscopy-icp-oes\/icp-oes-software\/icp-expert-software\">ICP Expert Software for ICP-OES<\/a>: inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) software for data analysis<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/software-informatics\/mass-spectrometry-software\">MassHunter<\/a>: mass spectrometry software for instrument control, monitoring, and data analysis<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilent.com\/en\/product\/molecular-spectroscopy\/ftir-spectroscopy\/ftir-software\/microlab-ftir-software\">MicroLab<\/a>: fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy software for quantitative method development, calibrations, and data analysis<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.1.3_Alpha-CAT_Lab_s.r.o.\">4.1.3 Alpha-CAT Lab s.r.o.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis production<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.alpha-cat.org\/resources\/how-it-works\/\">https:\/\/www.alpha-cat.org\/resources\/how-it-works\/<\/a>\n<\/p><p>alpha-CAT Lab s.r.o. is a cannabis testing and equipment manufacturing business based in Prague, Czech Republic. The company not only runs cannabis testing laboratories in Europe but also develops the alpha-CAT cannabinoid analysis tool \"which combines the simple analytical technique of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with specific thin-layers and developing fluid.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ACHowItWorks_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ACHowItWorks-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> Consult the website for more information.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.1.4_B.C3.9CCHI_Labortechnik_AG\">4.1.4 B\u00dcCHI Labortechnik AG<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis production<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/en\/cannabis-application-booklet\">https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/en\/cannabis-application-booklet<\/a>\n<\/p><p>B\u00dcCHI Labortechnik AG is laboratory technology development company for research and development, quality control, and production operations globally. The company offers a variety of instruments and equipment for cannabis production workflow, including<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BUCHICanna_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BUCHICanna-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> post-chromatography and post-extraction solvent concentration<\/li>\n<li> preparative chromatography for purification of cannabinoids<\/li>\n<li> microencapsulation of CBD into gelatin beads\/soft oil core capsules<\/li>\n<li> formulation of CBD into an inhalable\/edible dry powder<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>See the Theory & Applications booklet (main landing page) for more details on how to integrate the equipment for each activity.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_3\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The company suggests instrument options based on what type of production activity will occur.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BUCHICanna_11-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BUCHICanna-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>Post-chromatography and post-extraction solvent concentration<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/industrial-evaporation\/rotavapor-r-220-pro\">Rotavapor R-220 Pro<\/a>: an industrial evaporator with programmable methods, automatic distillation, and remote monitoring options<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/industrial-evaporation\/recirculating-chiller-f-325\">F-325 Recirculating Chiller<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/laboratory-evaporation\/vacuum-pump-v-300-v-600\">V-600 Vacuum Pump<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Preparative chromatography for purification of cannabinoids<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/preparative-chromatography\/pure-chromatography-systems\">Pure Chromatography Systems<\/a>: flash column chromatography for separations and flash purification; more advanced than the Sepacore<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/preparative-chromatography\/sepacore-flash-systems-x10-x50\">Sepacore Flash Systems X10\/X50<\/a>: flash column chromatography for separations and flash purification<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/preparative-chromatography\/pump-module-c-601-c-605\">C-601 Pump<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/preparative-chromatography\/els-detector-c-650\">C-650 ELS Detector<\/a>: an evaporative light scattering detector for any mobile phase or gradient<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Microencapsulation of CBD into gelatin beads\/soft oil core capsules<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/spray-drying-and-encapsulation\/encapsulator-b-390\">Encapsulator B-390<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/spray-drying-and-encapsulation\/encapsulator-b-395-pro\">Encapsulator B-395 Pro<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/laboratory-evaporation\/rotavapor-r-300\">Rotavapor R-300<\/a>: a rotary evaporator<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/laboratory-evaporation\/interface-i-300-pro\">Interface I-300 Pro<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/laboratory-evaporation\/recirculating-chiller-f-305-f-308-f-314\">F-305 Recirculating Chiller<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/laboratory-evaporation\/vacuum-pump-v-300-v-600\">V-300 Vacuum Pump<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Formulation of CBD into an inhalable\/edible dry powder<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/spray-drying-and-encapsulation\/mini-spray-dryer-b-290\">B-290 Mini Spray Dryer<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.buchi.com\/us-en\/products\/spray-drying-and-encapsulation\/inert-loop-b-295\">B-295 Inert Loop<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.1.5_CEM_Corporation\">4.1.5 CEM Corporation<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cem.com\/en\/cannabis\">https:\/\/cem.com\/en\/cannabis<\/a>\n<\/p><p>CEM Corporation is laboratory instrumentation and method design and development company, with a focus on compositional analysis of food and other samples, as well acid digestion and chemical synthesis. CEM specifically offers two different instruments for cannabis testing and analysis labs, including instruments for the<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CEMCanna_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CEMCanna-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> extraction for potency, pesticide, terpene, and mycotoxin testing<\/li>\n<li> microwave digestion of oils, edibles, and plant material (before, e.g., inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy)<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_4\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cem.com\/edge\">EDGE<\/a>: an automated instrument for energized dispersive extraction and dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE)<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cem.com\/mars-6\/\">MARS 6<\/a>: a microwave digestion system with hundreds of preprogrammed methods<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.1.6_Conquer_Scientific_Service.2C_Inc.\">4.1.6 Conquer Scientific Service, Inc.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/conquerscientific.com\/cannabis-testing\/\">https:\/\/conquerscientific.com\/cannabis-testing\/<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Conquer Scientific Service, Inc. is a distributor of gently used laboratory testing equipment, including for the cannabis testing industry. Such instruments include a wide variety of chromatography and spectrometry devices, along with other essential supporting laboratory equipment like moisture analyzers. Conquer also offers repair services, including a same-day replacement program for Southern California customers.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.1.7_Emerald_Scientific.2C_LLC\">4.1.7 Emerald Scientific, LLC<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/emeraldscientific.com\/\">https:\/\/emeraldscientific.com\/<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Emerald Scientific, LLC calls their business \"[t]he first and only company 100% dedicated to distributing scientific supplies and equipment to the cannabis industry.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-EmeraldHome_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-EmeraldHome-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup> The company lists a wide variety of instruments, equipment, and consumables for cannabis testing, production, and extraction laboratories. Emerald acts as a distributor of other products, and thus the inventory may change. Examples of inventory include:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> sample preparation supplies<\/li>\n<li> solvents<\/li>\n<li> mass spectrometry columns<\/li>\n<li> heating mantles<\/li>\n<li> chillers and circulators<\/li>\n<li> vacuum pumps and tubing<\/li>\n<li> reference standards<\/li>\n<li> culture media<\/li>\n<li> safety equipment<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Consult the Emerald website to see all they offer.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.1.8_Fritsch_GmbH\">4.1.8 Fritsch GmbH<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fritsch-international.com\/sample-preparation\/applications-solutions\/\">https:\/\/www.fritsch-international.com\/sample-preparation\/applications-solutions\/<\/a> (select \"Cannabis\" from Industry option)\n<\/p><p>Fritsch GmbH manufactures sample preparation and particle sizing equipment for laboratories. The company lists one instrument specifically for the cannabis industry.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_5\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fritsch-international.com\/sample-preparation\/applications-solutions\/details\/solution\/cannabis-plant-material-preparation-for-efficient-extraction\/\">Universal Cutting Mill PULVERISETTE 19<\/a>: a cutting mill \"to finely mill cannabis plant material in preparation for SFE processes,\" noting that \"[t]he efficient and precise reduction in particle size optimizes oil output and formulation.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FritschPulver_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FritschPulver-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.2_Vendors:_G_through_P\">4.2 Vendors: G through P<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.2.1_GemmaCert_Ltd.\">4.2.1 GemmaCert Ltd.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/gemmacert.com\/\">https:\/\/gemmacert.com\/<\/a>\n<\/p><p>GemmaCert Ltd. is a cannabis testing technology company that markets the GemmaCert analysis tool.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_6\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/gemmacert.com\/index.php\/tech\/\">GemmaCert<\/a>: a portable near-infrared spectroscopy instrument designed to analyze total THC and total CBD levels, without destroying the inserted specimen<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GCTech_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GCTech-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>; see the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/gemmacert.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/European_Pharmacopeia_Compliance.pdf\">specifications sheet<\/a> for more information<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.2.2_GenTech_Scientific.2C_Inc.\">4.2.2 GenTech Scientific, Inc.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/gentechscientific.com\/214-cannabis-testing-instruments\">https:\/\/gentechscientific.com\/214-cannabis-testing-instruments<\/a>\n<\/p><p>GenTech Scientific, Inc. is a distributor of refurbished laboratory analytical instruments. The company states they \"offer instruments functioning at the manufacturer's original performance specifications\" and that are warrantied and supported.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GTHome_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GTHome-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup> Top instruments include chromatography and spectrometry equipment, and GenTech also offers new consumable kits. Inventory changes regularly, so visit their website often for the latest.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.2.3_GMI_OpCo.2C_LLC\">4.2.3 GMI OpCo, LLC<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gmi-inc.com\/programs\/cannabis-laboratory-instruments-services\/\">https:\/\/www.gmi-inc.com\/programs\/cannabis-laboratory-instruments-services\/<\/a>\n<\/p><p>GMI OpCo, LLC (doing business as GMI) is a distributor of new and certified-refurbished instrumentation for a wide variety of labs, including cannabis testing labs. The company also supplies installation, training, and support for the instrumentation it supplies. Among its offerings are chromatography and spectrometry instruments, as well as benchtop equipment such as centrifuges.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.2.4_ICON_Scientific.2C_Inc.\">4.2.4 ICON Scientific, Inc.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iconsci.com\/products\/\">https:\/\/www.iconsci.com\/products\/<\/a>\n<\/p><p>ICON Scientific specializes in full-size and miniaturized high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) solutions. Among its offerings are a full-sized HPLC, autosamplers, columns, and its miniature ANSER HPLC device for cannabis and hemp analysis.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_7\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iconsci.com\/the-anser-cannabis-hemp-analyzer\/\">ANSER<\/a>: a portable high-performance liquid chromatography instrument designed to analyze cannabis and hemp potency and purity, including methods for THC concentrations and purity, CBD purity, and finished product analysis<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ICON_ANSER_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ICON_ANSER-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iconsci.com\/parentcat\/237\/\">AZURA HPLC Plus System<\/a>: an HPLC system with a variety of detector options, including diode array, multi-wavelength, and variable wavelength UV detectors<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ICON_AZURA_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ICON_AZURA-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.2.5_LGC_Limited\">4.2.5 LGC Limited<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/us.lgcstandards.com\/US\/en\/search?text=cannabis\">https:\/\/us.lgcstandards.com\/US\/en\/search?text=cannabis<\/a>\n<\/p><p>LGC Limited\u2014operating as LGC Standards\u2014manufactures and distributes reference materials and proficiency testing schemes for a variety of industries. Among its offerings are cannabis-related testing reference standards for pesticides, residual solvents, and terpenes. Consult the vendor's web store or contact them directly to learn about their entire stock of reference materials.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.2.6_Marshall_Scientific.2C_LLC\">4.2.6 Marshall Scientific, LLC<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marshallscientific.com\/Cannabis_Testing_Laboratory_Equipment_a\/1582.htm\">https:\/\/www.marshallscientific.com\/Cannabis_Testing_Laboratory_Equipment_a\/1582.htm<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Marshall Scientific, LLC is a distributor of refurbished laboratory equipment for a variety of clinical and research laboratories. The company markets some of its refurbished equipment for cannabis extraction and testing activities, including:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> high-performance liquid chromatography systems<\/li>\n<li> rotary evaporators<\/li>\n<li> benchtop centrifuges<\/li>\n<li> vacuum ovens<\/li>\n<li> analytical balances<\/li>\n<li> micropipette sets<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Stock changes regularly, so visit their website often for the latest.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.2.7_Microbiologics.2C_Inc.\">4.2.7 Microbiologics, Inc.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.microbiologics.com\/cannabis\">https:\/\/www.microbiologics.com\/cannabis<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Microbiologics, Inc. develops and distributes biometerials. Among them, the company markets equipment and consumables for microbial testing of cannabis. Materials for growing reference cultures, bundled sets and panels of microorganisms, self-contained strains, and molecular standards are among Microbiologics' offerings. Consult their website for more details.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.2.8_Neutec_Group.2C_Inc.\">4.2.8 Neutec Group, Inc.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/neutecgroup.com\/cannabis\">https:\/\/neutecgroup.com\/cannabis<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Neutec Group, Inc. provides equipment and support services to quality control and research and development laboratories. Neutec offers equipment solutions for cannabis testing labs testing for microbiological contaminates and water activity. This includes colony counters, water activity meters, multispectral imaging solutions, and air samplers. Consult their website for more details.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.2.9_Orange_Photonics.2C_Inc.\">4.2.9 Orange Photonics, Inc.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.orangephotonics.com\/\">https:\/\/www.orangephotonics.com\/<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Orange Photonics, Inc. ia a cannabis testing technology company that markets the LightLab cannabis analyzer.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_8\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.orangephotonics.com\/how\/\">LightLab<\/a>: a portable high-performance liquid chromatography selective separation spectroscopy instrument for cannabis potency analysis; the optional Terpenes+ module also allows for terpenes analysis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-OPHome_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-OPHome-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.2.10_Peak_Scientific_Instruments_Ltd.\">4.2.10 Peak Scientific Instruments Ltd.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/discover\/news\/what-are-the-most-common-forms-of-cannabis-testing\/\">https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/discover\/news\/what-are-the-most-common-forms-of-cannabis-testing\/<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Peak Scientific Instruments Ltd. designs, manufactures, and distributes high-performance gas generators for laboratories. In a November 2018 blog post, the company outlined how its many gas generation solutions could be paired with specific third-party analytical instruments for the various types of cannabis testing.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-McBrideWhatAre18_20-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-McBrideWhatAre18-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup> Peak offers solutions for:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> potency and efficacy testing<\/li>\n<li> heavy metals testing<\/li>\n<li> mycotoxins analysis<\/li>\n<li> pesticide testing<\/li>\n<li> residual solvents testing<\/li>\n<li> terpene testing<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_9\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The company suggests gas generation options based on what type of testing will occur.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-McBrideWhatAre18_20-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-McBrideWhatAre18-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>Potency and efficacy testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/hydrogen-generators\/precision\/\">Precision series<\/a>: modular gas generators for gas chromatography, including nitrogen, hydrogen, zero air, and compressed air gas generators; recommends pairing with Agilent Intuvo 9000 GC and Agilent 5977B GC\/MSD instruments<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/solaris-xe-nitrogen-generator\/\">Solaris XE 35<\/a>: a nitrogen generator for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry or low-flow nitrogen instruments; recommends pairing with the various Agilent 1290 Infinity II series instruments<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Heavy metals testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/hydrogen\/precision-hydrogen-trace-250\/\">Precision Hydrogen Trace 250<\/a>: a hydrogen generator designed primarily for gas chromatography carrier gas use, as well as flame ionization and flame photometric detection, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; recommends pairing with the Agilent 7800\/7900 ICP-MS and Agilent 8900 Triple Quadrupole ICP-MS<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/ng5000-nitrogen-generator\/\">NG5000<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/specialised-solutions\/ng5000a-nitrogen-generator\/\">NG5000A<\/a>: ultra-high purity nitrogen generators, with the NG5000A having its own internal compressor; recommends pairing with the Agilent 5110 ICP-OES<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Mycotoxins analysis<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/infinity-1051-nitrogen-generator\/\">Infinity 1051<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/genius-1051-nitrogen-generator\/\">Genius 1051<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/genius-3051-nitrogen-generator\/\">Genius 3051<\/a>: nitrogen and dry air generators for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, with the 3051 being recommend over the 1051 if high-flow gas delivery mode is required; recommends pairing with the Shimadzu LCMS-8050 Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/genius-1024-nitrogen-generator\/\">Genius 1024<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/infinity-1031-nitrogen-generator\/\">Infinity 1031<\/a>: nitrogen and dry air generators for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; recommends pairing with the SCIEX Triple Quad or QTRAP 6500+ system<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Pesticide testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/infinity-1051-nitrogen-generator\/\">Infinity 1051<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/genius-1051-nitrogen-generator\/\">Genius 1051<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/genius-3051-nitrogen-generator\/\">Genius 3051<\/a>: nitrogen and dry air generators for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, with the 3051 being recommend over the 1051 if high-flow gas delivery mode is required; recommends pairing with the Shimadzu LCMS-8050 Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/genius-1024-nitrogen-generator\/\">Genius 1024<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/genius-ab-3g-nitrogen-generator\/\">Genius AB-3G<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/infinity-1031-nitrogen-generator\/\">Infinity 1031<\/a>: nitrogen and dry air generators for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; recommends pairing with the SCIEX ExionLC AC HPLC System, in conjunction with the SCIEX QET 4500 LC-MS\/MS System<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/hydrogen-generators\/precision\/\">Precision series<\/a>: modular gas generators for gas chromatography, including nitrogen, hydrogen, zero air, and compressed air gas generators; recommends pairing with Agilent Intuvo 9000 GC and Agilent 5977B GC\/MSD instruments; recommends pairing with the Agilent 7000 Series Triple Quadrupole GC\/MS and the Agilent GC\/MS\/MS Pesticides Analyzer<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/solaris-xe-nitrogen-generator\/\">Solaris XE 35<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/genius-xe-35-laboratory-nitrogen-generator\/\">Genius XE 35<\/a>: a nitrogen generator for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry or low-flow nitrogen instruments, as well as evaporative light scattering detection in the case of the Genius; recommends pairing with the Agilent 6400 Series Triple Quadrupole LC\/MS<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/solaris-xe-nitrogen-generator\/\">Solaris XE 35<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/infinity-xe-5010-membrane-nitrogen-generator\/\">Infinity XE 5010<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/genius-xe-35-laboratory-nitrogen-generator\/\">Genius XE 35<\/a>, and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/genius-xe-70-laboratory-nitrogen-generator\/\">Genius XE 70<\/a>: nitrogen generators for various purposes, depending on the model, though largely liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and evaporative light scattering detection; recommends pairing with the Agilent 6500 Series Accurate-Mass Quadrupole Q-TOF LC\/MS<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Residual solvents testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/precision-nitrogen-headspace-250\/\">Precision Nitrogen Headspace 250<\/a>: a nitrogen generator for gas chromatography with headspace sampler requirements; recommends pairing with the Shimadzu Nexis GC-2030 with HS-20 Headspace Sampler or the GCMS-TQ8050 with Headspace Sampler<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/hydrogen-generators\/precision\/\">Precision series<\/a>: modular gas generators for gas chromatography, including nitrogen, hydrogen, zero air, and compressed air gas generators; recommends pairing with Agilent 7890 Series GC and the Agilent Flame Ionization Detector<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Terpene testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/hydrogen-generators\/precision\/\">Precision series<\/a>: modular gas generators for gas chromatography, including nitrogen, hydrogen, zero air, and compressed air gas generators; recommends pairing with the Shimadzu GCMS-TQ8050 Triple Quadrupole Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer, the Agilent Intuvo 9000 GC, and the Agilent 7890 Series GC<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/genius-1024-nitrogen-generator\/\">Genius 1024<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/infinity-1031-nitrogen-generator\/\">Infinity 1031<\/a>: nitrogen and dry air generators for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; recommends pairing with the SCIEX Triple Quad or QTRAP 6500+ system<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.peakscientific.com\/products\/nitrogen\/solaris-xe-nitrogen-generator\/\">Solaris XE 35<\/a>: a nitrogen generator for liquid chromatography mass spectrometry or low-flow nitrogen instruments; recommends pairing with the Agilent 1260 Infinity II Diode Array Detector<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.2.11_PerkinElmer.2C_Inc.\">4.2.11 PerkinElmer, Inc.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/category\/cannabis-hemp-testing-solutions\">https:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/category\/cannabis-hemp-testing-solutions<\/a>\n<\/p><p>PerkinElmer, Inc. is a scientific technology company developing and distributing solutions \"for better detection, imaging, and informatics\" in the laboratory.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PEDiscover_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PEDiscover-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup> The company discusses the research area of cannabis analysis on its website, recommending instrument and consumables solutions for cannabis testing laboratories, including<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PECanna_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PECanna-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> potency and efficacy testing<\/li>\n<li> heavy metals testing<\/li>\n<li> mycotoxins analysis<\/li>\n<li> pesticide testing<\/li>\n<li> residual solvents testing<\/li>\n<li> terpene testing<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_10\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The company suggests instrument options based on what type of testing will occur.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PECanna_22-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PECanna-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>Potency and efficacy testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/category\/regulatory-compliance-testing-solutions-in-cannabis-hemp\">Flexar HPLC<\/a>: a high-performance liquid chromatography system, that can be used with a quaternary pump, autosampler with Peltier cooling, column heater, and photodiode array detector to detect cannabinoids<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/category\/regulatory-compliance-testing-solutions-in-cannabis-hemp\">Spectrum Two FTIR<\/a>: a fourier transform near-infrared spectrometry device that uses nondestructive methods<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Heavy metals testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/category\/regulatory-compliance-testing-solutions-in-cannabis-hemp\">NexION ICP-MS, with a Titan MPS<\/a>: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy device that can be used in conjunction with the Titan MPS microwave digestion processing tool<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Mycotoxins analysis<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/category\/regulatory-compliance-testing-solutions-in-cannabis-hemp\">QSight 420<\/a>: an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Pesticide testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/category\/regulatory-compliance-testing-solutions-in-cannabis-hemp\">QSight 420<\/a>: an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Residual solvents testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/category\/regulatory-compliance-testing-solutions-in-cannabis-hemp\">Clarus SQ 8 GC\/MS, with a TurboMax headspace sampler<\/a>: a headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry instrument<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Terpene testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/category\/residual-solvents-and-terpene-analysis\">Clarus SQ 8 GC\/MS, with a TurboMax headspace sampler<\/a>: a headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry instrument<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Software_2\">Software<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/category\/chemdraw\">ChemDraw<\/a>: software for drawing chemical structures and biological pathways<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.perkinelmer.com\/lab-solutions\/resources\/docs\/PRD_QSight_Simplicity_3Q_Software_Suite_Product_Note_(013090_01).pdf\">Simplicity 3Q<\/a>: software for workflow management<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.3_Vendors:_Q_through_Z\">4.3 Vendors: Q through Z<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.3.1_Quantum_Analytics.2C_LLC\">4.3.1 Quantum Analytics, LLC<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lqa.com\/industry\/food-agriculture\/\">https:\/\/www.lqa.com\/industry\/food-agriculture\/<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Quantum Analytics is a distributor of laboratory analytical instruments. The company markets several of its third-party instruments to cannabis laboratories for applications such as<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-QACanna_23-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-QACanna-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> potency and efficacy testing<\/li>\n<li> heavy metals testing<\/li>\n<li> mycotoxins analysis<\/li>\n<li> pesticide testing<\/li>\n<li> residual solvents testing<\/li>\n<li> terpene testing<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Consult their website or <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/go.pardot.com\/l\/379542\/2017-08-03\/4454i\/379542\/5875\/LQA_Cannabis_Capabilities_Flyer_web.pdf\">cannabis capabilities<\/a> flyer for more information.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.3.2_Restek_Corporation\">4.3.2 Restek Corporation<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/Landing-Pages\/Cannabis\">https:\/\/www.restek.com\/Landing-Pages\/Cannabis<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Restek Corporation develops and manufactures chromatography columns and accessories for a wide variety of industries. The company offers a wide variety of supplies for the cannabis testing industry, including<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RestekCanna_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RestekCanna-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> chromatography columns<\/li>\n<li> certified reference standards<\/li>\n<li> sample preparation and management supplies<\/li>\n<li> consumables and accessories for chromatography instruments<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Consult their website or <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.restek.com\/pdfs\/FFSS2073D-UNV.pdf\">catalog<\/a> to review all their cannabis testing supplies.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.3.3_Sage_Analytics\">4.3.3 Sage Analytics<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/sageanalytics.com\/\">https:\/\/sageanalytics.com\/<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Sage Analytics develops and manufactures potency testing solutions for the cannabis testing industry. \n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_11\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/sageanalytics.com\/products\/\">Profiler II Humboldt Special Edition<\/a>: a portable near-infrared spectroscopy device for testing cannabis potency<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/sageanalytics.com\/products\/\">ToxDetective<\/a>: uses \"nano-manipulation technology to orient or encapsulate biomolecules such as proteins\/enzymes at the nano scale,\" which are then applied to a lateral flow assay<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ToxDetPDF_25-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ToxDetPDF-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/sageanalytics.com\/products\/\">Beacon<\/a>: a portable near-infrared spectroscopy device for testing cannabis potency, with an onboard touchscreen; also comes without a touchscreen, marketed as the Luminary Profiler<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.3.4_Scientific_Repair.2C_Inc.\">4.3.4 Scientific Repair, Inc.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.srigc.com\/cn\/downloads\/1\/Model420GCSept2016%20(2).pdf\">https:\/\/www.srigc.com\/cn\/downloads\/1\/Model420GCSept2016%20(2).pdf<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Commonly known as SRI Instruments, Scientific Repair, Inc. manufactures and distributes chromatography instruments and accessories. Their 26-page guide on gas chromatographs for cannabis testing lists three primary instruments and describes their practical use for<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SRICannaPDF_26-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SRICannaPDF-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> potency and efficacy testing<\/li>\n<li> residual solvents testing<\/li>\n<li> terpene testing<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_12\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The company suggests instrument options based on what type of testing will occur.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SRICannaPDF_26-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SRICannaPDF-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>Potency and efficacy testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.srigc.com\/home\/product_detail\/model-310-medical-marijuana-gc-system\">Model 310C-MM<\/a>: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with additional columns for extended analyses<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.srigc.com\/home\/product_detail\/model-420-gc\">Model 420 GC<\/a>: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.srigc.com\/home\/product_detail\/medical-cannabis-cannabinoid-gc\">Model 8610C<\/a>: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with optional columns for additional analyses<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Residual solvents testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.srigc.com\/home\/product_detail\/model-310-medical-marijuana-gc-system\">Model 310C-MM<\/a>: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with additional columns for extended analyses<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.srigc.com\/home\/product_detail\/medical-cannabis-cannabinoid-gc\">Model 8610C<\/a>: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with optional columns for additional analyses<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Terpene testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.srigc.com\/home\/product_detail\/model-310-medical-marijuana-gc-system\">Model 310C-MM<\/a>: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with additional columns for extended analyses<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.srigc.com\/home\/product_detail\/medical-cannabis-cannabinoid-gc\">Model 8610C<\/a>: a gas chromatography with flame ionization detection instrument, with optional columns for additional analyses<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Software_3\">Software<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.srigc.com\/pages\/software_downloads\/\">PeakSimple<\/a>: chromatography software for SRI's chromatography instruments<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.3.5_Shimadzu_Scientific_Instruments.2C_Inc.\">4.3.5 Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/industry\/cannabis-testing-solutions.html\">https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/industry\/cannabis-testing-solutions.html<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc. is a multi-divisional corporation that focuses on creating and distributing medical diagnostic, aerospace, and analytical instrument solutions for a variety of industries. Among their solutions are chromatography, spectrometry, and other cannabis testing solutions for laboratories for purposes of<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ShimadzuCanna_27-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ShimadzuCanna-27\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> potency and efficacy testing<\/li>\n<li> heavy metals testing<\/li>\n<li> moisture content analysis<\/li>\n<li> mycotoxins analysis<\/li>\n<li> pesticide testing<\/li>\n<li> residual solvents testing<\/li>\n<li> terpene testing<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_13\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The company suggests instrument options based on what type of testing will occur, via their <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/sites\/ssi.shimadzu.com\/files\/Industry\/Literature\/Cannabis-Brochure.pdf\">cannabis testing brochure<\/a>. Additionally, they offer two advanced tools for research:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/liquid-chromatography\/nexera-uc-method-scouting.html\">Nexera UC<\/a>: a supercritical fluid extraction and supercriticial fluid chromatography liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/industry\/environmental\/maldi-id-plus.html\">MALDI iD-Plus<\/a>: a microbial identification system<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Potency and efficacy testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/liquid-chromatography\/cannabis-analyzer.html\">Cannabis Analyzer for Potency<\/a>: a high-performance liquid chromatography instrument with three methods: high-throughput, high-sensitivity, and high-resolution<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shimadzu.com\/an\/products\/liquid-chromatography\/hplcuhplc\/i-series\/index.html\">LC-2050C 3D<\/a>: an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography instrument with a photodiode array detector<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shimadzu.com\/an\/products\/liquid-chromatography\/sfc\/nexera-uc\/index.html\">Nexera UC<\/a>: supercritical fluid chromatography system<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Heavy metals testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/elemental-analysis\/icpms-2030.html\">ICPMS-2030<\/a>: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy instrument<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Moisture content analysis<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/balances\/moc63u-moisture-balance.html\">MOC63u Moisture Balance<\/a>: a moisture balance with five preset measurement programs<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/balances\/moc-120h-moisture-balance.html\">MOC-120H Moisture Balance<\/a>: a moisture balance with nine preset measurement programs<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Mycotoxins analysis<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/lcms-8050.html\">LCMS-8050<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/lcms-8060.html\">LCMS-8060<\/a>: a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Pesticide testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/gcms-tq8050-nx.html\">GCMS-TQ8050 NX<\/a>: a triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument that can be paired with the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/aoc-6000.html\">AOC-6000<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/gas-chromatography\/aoc-series.html\">AOC-20i<\/a> headspace autosamplers<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/lcms-8050.html\">LCMS-8050<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/lcms-8060.html\">LCMS-8060<\/a>: a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Residual solvents testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/gcms-tq8050-nx.html\">GCMS-TQ8050<\/a>: a triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument that can be paired with the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/aoc-6000.html\">AOC-6000<\/a> or <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/gas-chromatography\/aoc-series.html\">AOC-20i<\/a> headspace autosamplers<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/gas-chromatography\/nexis-gc-2030.html\">Nexis GC-2030<\/a>: a gas chromatography instrument paired with the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/hs-20.html\">HS-20<\/a> headspace sampler<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shimadzu.com\/an\/products\/gas-chromatography\/gas-chromatograph\/nexis-gc-2030\/index.html\">Nexis GC-2030<\/a>: a dual-BID gas chromatography instrument<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Terpene testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/gcms-tq8050-nx.html\">GCMS-TQ8050 NX<\/a>: a triple quadrupole gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument that can be paired with the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/hs-20.html\">HS-20<\/a> headspace sampler and NIST Mass Spectral Library<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shimadzu.com\/an\/products\/gas-chromatograph-mass-spectrometry\/single-quadrupole-gc-ms\/gcms-qp2020-nx\/index.html\">GCMS-QP2020 NX<\/a>: a single-quad gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer that can be paired with the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/hs-20.html\">HS-20<\/a> headspace sampler or the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/products\/gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/aoc-6000.html\">AOC-6000<\/a>] autosampler<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Software_4\">Software<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.shimadzu.com\/an\/products\/software-informatics\/index.html\">LabSolutions<\/a>: a suite of software tools that allows users to control instruments and view instrument data, and it can create and export files (spreadsheets) of instrument data that can be mapped to a database in an interfaced laboratory information management system (LIMS)<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.3.6_Sigma-Aldritch.2C_Inc._.2F_MilliporeSigma.2C_Inc.\">4.3.6 Sigma-Aldritch, Inc. \/ MilliporeSigma, Inc.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/analytical-chromatography\/food-safety\/cannabis-testing.html\">https:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/analytical-chromatography\/food-safety\/cannabis-testing.html<\/a>\n<\/p><p><i>Note<\/i>: Sigma-Aldritch, Inc. was acquired by Millipore and became MilliporeSigma, Inc. The Sigma-Aldritch website is still active and demonstrates its cannabis testing materials; however, the website will likely change in the future.\n<\/p><p>Sigma-Aldritch, Inc., which has become MilliporeSigma, Inc., distributes lab materials and technologies for various industries. This includes the cannabis testing industry, with supplies like<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SACCannPDF_28-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SACCannPDF-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> chromatography columns<\/li>\n<li> certified reference materials<\/li>\n<li> solvents and reagents<\/li>\n<li> sample preparations kits<\/li>\n<li> laboratory equipment<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>See their <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/content\/dam\/sigma-aldrich\/docs\/Sigma-Aldrich\/General_Information\/1\/cannabis-testing.pdf\">cannabis testing catalog<\/a> for more details.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.3.7_SPEX_CertiPrep.2C_Inc.\">4.3.7 SPEX CertiPrep, Inc.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spexcertiprep.com\/Product\/OrganicCertifiedReferenceMaterials\">https:\/\/www.spexcertiprep.com\/Product\/OrganicCertifiedReferenceMaterials<\/a>\n<\/p><p>SPEX CertiPrep, Inc. is a distributor of certified reference materials and sample preparation equipment for analytical spectroscopy. The company markets standards for many types of cannabis testing, as well a few sample preparation instruments such as mills and grinders. Consult their website for available supplies, as well as their <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.spexcertiprep.com\/getmedia\/ebc7beef-1193-453e-954d-8c3029aff0c5\/Organic-Product-Catalog-2020_1.pdf?ext=.pdf\">online standards catalog<\/a>.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.3.8_Thermo_Fisher_Scientific\">4.3.8 Thermo Fisher Scientific<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/products-and-services\/promotions\/industrial\/cannabis-testing-canada.html\">https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/products-and-services\/promotions\/industrial\/cannabis-testing-canada.html<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Thermo Fisher Scientific is a multi-divisional corporation that develops, manufactures, and distributes a wide variety of technologies for research and analytical laboratories. The company has begun marketing cannabis testing solutions to the Canadian market, with its 2018 legalization campaign complete. Among its offerings are solutions for<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-TFCannaCan_29-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-TFCannaCan-29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> potency and efficacy testing<\/li>\n<li> heavy metals testing<\/li>\n<li> mold and bacteria analysis<\/li>\n<li> mycotoxins analysis<\/li>\n<li> pesticide testing<\/li>\n<li> residual solvents testing<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Aside from instruments, Thermo Fisher also lists a variety of chromatography columns and sample preparation kits for each type of testing. Consult the website for more on these items.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_14\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The company suggests instrument options based on what type of testing will occur.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-TFCannaCan_29-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-TFCannaCan-29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>Potency and efficacy testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/chromatography\/liquid-chromatography-lc\/hplc-uhplc-systems.html\">UHPLC Systems<\/a>: three different ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography instruments: Vanquish Horizon, Flex, and Duo<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/chromatography\/liquid-chromatography-lc\/hplc-uhplc-systems\/ultimate-3000-hplc-uhplc-systems.html\">UltiMate 3000 HPLC Systems<\/a>: high- and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography systems, with four different variations of preparation<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/TSQ02-10002\">TSQ Altis<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/TSQ02-10001\">TSQ Quantis<\/a>: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple-stage quadrupole instruments, with the Quantis having greater mass range<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/IQLAAEGAAPFALGMAZR\">Q Exactive Hybrid<\/a>: liquid chromatography mass spectrometry that has \"quadruple precursor ion selection with high-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) Orbitrap detection\"<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/14800302\">TRACE 1310<\/a>: a gas chromatography \/ gas chromatography mass spectrometry instrument<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/ISQ7K-VPI\">ISQ 7000<\/a>: gas chromatography mass spectrometry with single quadrupole<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/0725510\">Exactive GC Orbitrap<\/a>: gas chromatography mass spectrometry with Orbitrap technology<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/0725500\">Q Exactive GC Orbitrap<\/a>: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with Orbitrap technology<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Heavy metals testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/spectroscopy-elemental-isotope-analysis\/trace-elemental-analysis\/inductively-coupled-plasma-optical-emission-spectrometry-icp-oes.html\">iCAP 7000 Series ICP-OES<\/a>: a series of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry instruments: the 7200, 7400, and 7600<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/IQLAAGGAAQFAQKMBIT\">iCAP RQ ICP-MS<\/a>: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry instrument with single quadrupole<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/mass-spectrometry\/inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry-icp-ms\/triple-quadrupole-inductively-coupled-plasma-mass-spectrometry-tq-icp-ms.html\">iCAP TQ ICP-MS<\/a>: an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry instrument with triple quadrupole<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Mold and bacteria analysis<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/A36320\">QuantStudio 5 Food Safety Real-Time PCR System<\/a>: a polymerase chain reaction instrument<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/life-science\/pcr\/real-time-pcr\/real-time-pcr-instruments.html\">other QuantStudio series PRC devices<\/a>: other polymerase chain reaction instruments that vary based on need<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Mycotoxins analysis<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/chromatography\/liquid-chromatography-lc\/hplc-uhplc-systems.html\">UHPLC Systems<\/a>: three different ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography instruments: Vanquish Horizon, Flex, and Duo<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/chromatography\/liquid-chromatography-lc\/hplc-uhplc-systems\/ultimate-3000-hplc-uhplc-systems.html\">UltiMate 3000 HPLC Systems<\/a>: high- and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography systems, with four different variations of preparation<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/TSQ02-10002\">TSQ Altis<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/TSQ02-10001\">TSQ Quantis<\/a>: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple-stage quadrupole instruments, with the Quantis having greater mass range<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/IQLAAEGAAPFALGMAZR\">Q Exactive Hybrid<\/a>: liquid chromatography mass spectrometry that has \"quadruple precursor ion selection with high-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) Orbitrap detection\"<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Pesticide testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/chromatography\/liquid-chromatography-lc\/hplc-uhplc-systems.html\">UHPLC Systems<\/a>: three different ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography instruments: Vanquish Horizon, Flex, and Duo<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/chromatography\/liquid-chromatography-lc\/hplc-uhplc-systems\/ultimate-3000-hplc-uhplc-systems.html\">UltiMate 3000 HPLC Systems<\/a>: high- and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography systems, with four different variations of preparation<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/TSQ02-10002\">TSQ Altis<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/TSQ02-10001\">TSQ Quantis<\/a>: liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple-stage quadrupole instruments, with the Quantis having greater mass range<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/IQLAAEGAAPFALGMAZR\">Q Exactive Hybrid<\/a>: liquid chromatography mass spectrometry that has \"quadruple precursor ion selection with high-resolution, accurate-mass (HRAM) Orbitrap detection\"<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/ISQ7K-VPI\">ISQ 7000<\/a>: gas chromatography mass spectrometry with single quadrupole<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/TSQ9K-VPI\">TSQ 9000<\/a>: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/0725510\">Exactive GC Orbitrap<\/a>: gas chromatography mass spectrometry with Orbitrap technology<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/0725500\">Q Exactive GC Orbitrap<\/a>: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with Orbitrap technology<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Residual solvents testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/14800302\">TRACE 1310<\/a>: a gas chromatography \/ gas chromatography mass spectrometry instrument<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/25118100\">TriPlus 500<\/a>: a headspace autosampler for gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry instruments<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/1R77010-0400\">TriPlus RSH<\/a>: an autosampler for headspace and\/or liquid injection with gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry instruments<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/19070001\">Instant Connect FID<\/a>: a flame ionization detector compatible with the TRACE 1300 series<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Software_5\">Software<\/span><\/h4>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/chromatography\/chromatography-data-systems-cds.html\">Chromeleon<\/a>: a chromatography data system<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/mass-spectrometry\/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-lc-ms\/lc-ms-software\/lc-ms-data-acquisition-software\/tracefinder-software.html\">TraceFinder<\/a>: workflow management, quantitation, and data analysis software<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/industrial\/mass-spectrometry\/liquid-chromatography-mass-spectrometry-lc-ms\/lc-ms-software\/multi-omics-data-analysis\/compound-discoverer-software.html\">Compound Discovere<\/a>: software for small molecule data analysis<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/order\/catalog\/product\/IQLAAGGACBFAOVMBIO\">Qtegra Intelligent Scientific Data Solution<\/a>: control and data processing software for a range of elemental and isotopic analysis tech<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thermofisher.com\/us\/en\/home\/digital-solutions.html\">Thermo Fisher Cloud<\/a>: cloud hosting service by Thermo Fisher<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.3.9_VICAM\">4.3.9 VICAM<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vicam.com\/markets\/botanicals\">https:\/\/www.vicam.com\/markets\/botanicals<\/a>\n<\/p><p>VICAM, a subsidiary of Waters Corporation, develops and distribute mycotoxin testing supplies. While the company makes no mention of cannabis testing on its website, it does offer mycotoxin testing solutions for botanical products, primarily testing for<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-VICAMBotan_30-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-VICAMBotan-30\">[30]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2<\/li>\n<li> Bisphenol A<\/li>\n<li> Citrinin<\/li>\n<li> Deoxynivalenol<\/li>\n<li> Fumonisins B1, B2, and B3<\/li>\n<li> Ochratoxin A<\/li>\n<li> T-2\/HT-2<\/li>\n<li> Zearalenone<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.3.10_Waters_Corporation\">4.3.10 Waters Corporation<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/waters\/en_US\/Cannabis-and-Hemp-Testing-Solutions\/nav.htm?cid=135005280\">https:\/\/www.waters.com\/waters\/en_US\/Cannabis-and-Hemp-Testing-Solutions\/nav.htm?cid=135005280<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Waters Corporation specialty measurement instruments for laboratories from a wide array of industries. The company details that its instruments can handle cannabis testing activities such as<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WatersCannaHome_31-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WatersCannaHome-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WatersBuild18_32-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WatersBuild18-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-TranDeterm18_33-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-TranDeterm18-33\">[33]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AubinSeparation18_34-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AubinSeparation18-34\">[34]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WatersMass17_35-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WatersMass17-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GottardiUsing18_36-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GottardiUsing18-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> potency and efficacy testing<\/li>\n<li> mycotoxins<\/li>\n<li> pesticide testing<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instruments_and_methods_15\">Instruments and methods<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Waters instrument options are based on what equipment was used for specific testing as indicated in its white papers, as well as what's suggested on their cannabis landing page. Additionally, Waters offers an extraction system for botanical matrices:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/waters\/en_US\/For-SFE-extraction-and-CO2-extraction\/nav.htm?cid=134826287&locale=en_US\">SFE Bio-Botanical Extraction System<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Potency and efficacy testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/waters\/en_US\/ACQUITY-QDa-Mass-Detector-for-Chromatographic-Analysis\/nav.htm?cid=134761404&locale=en_US\">ACQUITY QDa Mass Detector<\/a>: a mass detector that can bused in conjunction with UPLC, UPC<sup>2<\/sup>, and Alliance HPLC systems (see below) for mass confirmation of cannabinoids<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/waters\/en_US\/Original-UPLC-UHPLC-system-with-sub-2-micron-particle-technology-for-separations\/nav.htm?cid=514207&locale=en_US\">ACQUITY UPLC Systems<\/a>: an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography suite of systems, including the H-, I, and M-Class systems<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/waters\/en_US\/ACQUITY-UPC2-System\/nav.htm?cid=134658367&locale=en_US\">ACQUITY UPC<sup>2<\/sup> System<\/a>: an ultra-high-performance convergence chromatography system that uses CO<sub>2<\/sub> as a primary mobile phase component<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/waters\/en_US\/Alliance-HPLC-System\/nav.htm?cid=534293&locale=en_US\">Alliance HPLC System<\/a>: a high-performance liquid chromatography instrument, with integrated solvent and sample management<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Mycotoxins<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vicam.com\/category\/aflatoxin-testing-solutions\">Vicam aflatoxin testing solutions<\/a>: simple and rapid aflatoxin test kits<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vicam.com\/category\/fluorometer\">Vicam Series-4EX Fluorometer<\/a>: a platform for measuring total mycotoxin levels without HPLC or UPLC<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/waters\/en_US\/Xevo-TQ-S-micro-Triple-Quadrupole-Mass-Spectrometry\/nav.htm?cid=134798856&locale=en_US\">Xevo TQ-S micro<\/a>: tandem mass spectrometry instrument with triple quadrupole, presumably with an LC system<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><b>Pesticide testing<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/waters\/en_US\/Xevo-TQ-S-micro-Triple-Quadrupole-Mass-Spectrometry\/nav.htm?cid=134798856&locale=en_US\">Xevo TQ-S micro<\/a> with an <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/waters\/en_US\/Original-UPLC-UHPLC-system-with-sub-2-micron-particle-technology-for-separations\/nav.htm?cid=514207&locale=en_US\">ACQUITY UPLC<\/a> system : an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument with triple quadrupole<\/li>\n<li> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/waters\/en_US\/Xevo-TQ-GC-electron-ionization-triple-quadrupole-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry\/nav.htm?cid=134977323&locale=en_US\">Xevo TQ-GC<\/a>: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry instrument with triple quadrupole<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4.3.11_Willow_Industries.2C_LLC\">4.3.11 Willow Industries, LLC<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Main landing page for cannabis testing<\/b>: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/willowindustries.com\/\">https:\/\/willowindustries.com\/<\/a>\n<\/p><p>Willow Industries, LLC is a Colorado-based cannabis decontamination technology business and consultancy. The company produces the WillowPure, a device that allows users to reduce the microbial contamination levels of cannabis. The device comes in versions that support up to five, 20, and 40 pounds throughput.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WPWillowPure_37-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WPWillowPure-37\">[37]<\/a><\/sup> Consult the website for more details.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-SchroverIndustry16-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SchroverIndustry16_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Schrover, J. (January 2016). <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\/\">\"Industry Snapshot: Testing Labs\"<\/a>. <i>Marijuana Business Magazine<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\/\">https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Industry+Snapshot%3A+Testing+Labs&rft.atitle=Marijuana+Business+Magazine&rft.aulast=Schrover%2C+J.&rft.au=Schrover%2C+J.&rft.date=January+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmjbizmagazine.com%2Findustry-snapshot-testing-labs%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Cannabis_testing_instruments,_software,_and_equipment\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CliffordCanna18-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CliffordCanna18_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Clifford, B. (05 February 2018). <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/news\/20180205\/Cannabis-Quality-and-Contamination-Testing.aspx\">\"Cannabis Quality and Contamination Testing\"<\/a>. <i>News Medical Life Sciences<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/news\/20180205\/Cannabis-Quality-and-Contamination-Testing.aspx\">https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/news\/20180205\/Cannabis-Quality-and-Contamination-Testing.aspx<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Quality+and+Contamination+Testing&rft.atitle=News+Medical+Life+Sciences&rft.aulast=Clifford%2C+B.&rft.au=Clifford%2C+B.&rft.date=05+February+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news-medical.net%2Fnews%2F20180205%2FCannabis-Quality-and-Contamination-Testing.aspx&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Cannabis_testing_instruments,_software,_and_equipment\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-BorchardtCannabis17-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-BorchardtCannabis17_3-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Borchardt, D. (05 April 2017). <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debraborchardt\/2017\/04\/05\/cannabis-lab-testing-is-the-industrys-dirty-little-secret\/\">\"Cannabis Lab Testing Is The Industry's Dirty Little Secret\"<\/a>. <i>Forbes<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debraborchardt\/2017\/04\/05\/cannabis-lab-testing-is-the-industrys-dirty-little-secret\/\">https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debraborchardt\/2017\/04\/05\/cannabis-lab-testing-is-the-industrys-dirty-little-secret\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Lab+Testing+Is+The+Industry%27s+Dirty+Little+Secret&rft.atitle=Forbes&rft.aulast=Borchardt%2C+D.&rft.au=Borchardt%2C+D.&rft.date=05+April+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fdebraborchardt%2F2017%2F04%2F05%2Fcannabis-lab-testing-is-the-industrys-dirty-little-secret%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Cannabis_testing_instruments,_software,_and_equipment\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SciexAbout-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SciexAbout_4-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/about-us.html\">\"About Us\"<\/a>. AB Sciex Pte. Ltd<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/about-us.html\">https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/about-us.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=About+Us&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=AB+Sciex+Pte.+Ltd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsciex.com%2Fcontent%2FSCIEX%2Fna%2Fus%2Fen%2Fabout-us.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Cannabis_testing_instruments,_software,_and_equipment\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SciexCanna-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SciexCanna_5-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/applications\/food-and-beverage-testing\/cannabis-testing.html\">\"Enhance your marijuana and hemp testing lab\u2019s potential with LC-MS\/MS technology\"<\/a>. AB Sciex Pte. Ltd<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/applications\/food-and-beverage-testing\/cannabis-testing.html\">https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/applications\/food-and-beverage-testing\/cannabis-testing.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Enhance+your+marijuana+and+hemp+testing+lab%E2%80%99s+potential+with+LC-MS%2FMS+technology&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=AB+Sciex+Pte.+Ltd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsciex.com%2Fcontent%2FSCIEX%2Fna%2Fus%2Fen%2Fapplications%2Ffood-and-beverage-testing%2Fcannabis-testing.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Cannabis_testing_instruments,_software,_and_equipment\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SciexTQ-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SciexTQ_6-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/mass-spectrometers\/triple-quad-systems.html\">\"SCIEX Triple Quad LC-MS\/MS Systems\"<\/a>. AB Sciex Pte. Ltd<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/mass-spectrometers\/triple-quad-systems.html\">https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/mass-spectrometers\/triple-quad-systems.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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AB Sciex Pte. Ltd<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/methods\/vmethod-application-for-quantitation-of-pesticide-residues-and-cannabinoids-in-cannabis-matrices-10.html\">https:\/\/sciex.com\/content\/SCIEX\/na\/us\/en\/products\/methods\/vmethod-application-for-quantitation-of-pesticide-residues-and-cannabinoids-in-cannabis-matrices-10.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(September 2018). <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006373en.pdf\">\"Determination of the Oregon Pesticide List in Cannabis Using a Simple Extraction Procedure with dSPE Cleanup and UPLC-MS\/MS\"<\/a> (PDF). Waters Corporation<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006373en.pdf\">https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006373en.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(November 2018). <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006426en.pdf\">\"Separation of 16 Cannabinoids in Cannabis Flower and Extracts Using a Reversed-Phase Isocratic HPLC Method\"<\/a> (PDF). Waters Corporation<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006426en.pdf\">https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006426en.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 10 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Separation+of+16+Cannabinoids+in+Cannabis+Flower+and+Extracts+Using+a+Reversed-Phase+Isocratic+HPLC+Method&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Aubin%2C+A.J.%3B+Layton%2C+C.%3B+Helmueller%2C+S.&rft.au=Aubin%2C+A.J.%3B+Layton%2C+C.%3B+Helmueller%2C+S.&rft.date=November+2018&rft.pub=Waters+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waters.com%2Fwebassets%2Fcms%2Flibrary%2Fdocs%2F720006426en.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Cannabis_testing_instruments,_software,_and_equipment\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WatersMass17-35\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-WatersMass17_35-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006047en.pdf\">\"Mass Confirmation of Cannabinoids in <i>Cannabis sativa<\/i> by Using HPTLC-QDa\"<\/a> (PDF). Waters Corporation. July 2017<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006047en.pdf\">https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006047en.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 10 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Mass+Confirmation+of+Cannabinoids+in+%27%27Cannabis+sativa%27%27+by+Using+HPTLC-QDa&rft.atitle=&rft.date=July+2017&rft.pub=Waters+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waters.com%2Fwebassets%2Fcms%2Flibrary%2Fdocs%2F720006047en.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Cannabis_testing_instruments,_software,_and_equipment\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-GottardiUsing18-36\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-GottardiUsing18_36-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Gottardi, M.; Ferron, F.; Lee, R. et al. (September 2018). <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006363en.pdf\">\"Using UPLC-MS\/MS for the Determination of Carboxy-THC (cTHC) in Hair for Forensic Toxicology\"<\/a> (PDF). Waters Corporation<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006363en.pdf\">https:\/\/www.waters.com\/webassets\/cms\/library\/docs\/720006363en.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 10 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Using+UPLC-MS%2FMS+for+the+Determination+of+Carboxy-THC+%28cTHC%29+in+Hair+for+Forensic+Toxicology&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Gottardi%2C+M.%3B+Ferron%2C+F.%3B+Lee%2C+R.+et+al.&rft.au=Gottardi%2C+M.%3B+Ferron%2C+F.%3B+Lee%2C+R.+et+al.&rft.date=September+2018&rft.pub=Waters+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.waters.com%2Fwebassets%2Fcms%2Flibrary%2Fdocs%2F720006363en.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Cannabis_testing_instruments,_software,_and_equipment\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WPWillowPure-37\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-WPWillowPure_37-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/willowindustries.com\/our-systems\/\">\"WillPure - Our Systems\"<\/a>. Willow Industries, LLC<span class=\"printonly\">. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/willowindustries.com\/our-systems\/\">https:\/\/willowindustries.com\/our-systems\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 10 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=WillPure+-+Our+Systems&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Willow+Industries%2C+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwillowindustries.com%2Four-systems%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Template:Cannabis_testing_instruments,_software,_and_equipment\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<p><!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCached time: 20210112160719\nCache expiry: 86400\nDynamic content: false\nCPU time usage: 0.458 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.474 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 20551\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 15202\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 188005\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 47614\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 12\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/p><p><!-- \nTransclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template)\n100.00% 430.057 1 - -total\n<\/p>\n<pre>91.84% 394.953 1 - Template:Reflist\n80.10% 344.492 37 - Template:Cite_web\n76.47% 328.849 37 - Template:Citation\/core\n 4.08% 17.535 40 - Template:Citation\/make_link\n 3.42% 14.710 1 - Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Cannabis_testing_instruments,_software,_and_equipment\/Vendors:_0_through_F\n 2.79% 12.013 1 - Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Cannabis_testing_instruments,_software,_and_equipment\/Vendors:_Q_through_Z\n 1.86% 7.996 1 - Template:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Cannabis_testing_instruments,_software,_and_equipment\/Vendors:_G_through_P\n 0.29% 1.227 1 - Template:Column-width\n<\/pre>\n<p>-->\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.054 seconds\nReal time usage: 2.329 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 2\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 16\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 35\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 2\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Testing_Instruments,_Software,_and_Equipment\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Testing_Instruments,_Software,_and_Equipment<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","f1e843f0e71b783f22f3ec75df796120_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d8\/Lab_equipment_7.JPG\/1000px-Lab_equipment_7.JPG"],"f1e843f0e71b783f22f3ec75df796120_timestamp":1610467638,"0dbab1397192e669e85e359f9f71afba_type":"article","0dbab1397192e669e85e359f9f71afba_title":"Glossary","0dbab1397192e669e85e359f9f71afba_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary_-_Cannabis","0dbab1397192e669e85e359f9f71afba_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tGlossary - Cannabis \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tCannabis Industry terms \n The purple bud of a Cannabis sativa\/indica hybrid plant\n Access point - Legal point of distribution for medical cannabis. It is also referred to as a dispensary in some states\n Backcross (BX) - Hybrid plant bred with one of its progenitors to reinforce certain genetic traits\n Blunt - A cigar-sized marijuana cigarette\n Bud - The flowering part of the cannabis plant, where most of the cannabinoids and terpenes are secreted\n Budtender - The counterpart to a bartender, pharmacist or shop attendant in the cannabis industry, with varying degrees of expertise\n Butane hash oil (BHO) - Potent concentrate of cannabinoids (high in THC) derived by dissolving the plant in butane; also referred to as \"honey oil\", \"dabs\" or \"dabbing,\" \"earwax\", or \"shatter\", depending on the manufacturing method\n Cannabidiol - Abbreviated as \"CBD,\" cannabidiol is one of the two main active ingredients or cannabinoids (there are 85 or so) found in cannabis and used for medicinal\/therapeutic (CBD is indicated as an anti-convulsant, among other uses) and\/or recreational purposes. The other is tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC. The ratio of CBD to THC is a main characteristic of the various strains of cannabis. \n Cannabinoid - Any of a number of compounds that interact with cannabinoid receptors in the brain, they are found naturally in animals (endocannabinoids) and plants (phytocannabinoids), especially the female cannabis plant. They may also be synthesized. They may also be metabolites. Some of the more common ones tested for include:\n CBC (Cannabichromene)\n CBCV (Cannabichromevarin)\n CBD (Cannabidiol)\n CBDA (Cannabidiolic Acid)\n CBDV (Cannabidivarin)\n CBG (Cannabigerol)\n CBGV (Cannabigerovarin)\n CBL (Cannabicyclol)\n CBN (Cannabinol)\n CBV (Cannabivarin)\n THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)\n THCA (Tetrahydrocannbinolic acid)\n THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)\n Cannabis - Genus of a flowering plant native to Asia, that includes the species sativa and indica used for various medicinal and recreational uses (female plants) as well as in textiles and other non-ingesting applications (males). It also includes a lesser-known species, ruderalis, which is less potent than either sativa or indica but is sometimes cross-bred with them because of its more desirable blooming characteristics.\n Cannabis indica - One of the two main species of cannabis, known for its \"heavier,\" more sedative effects, due to the fact that it is characterized by higher content of cannabidiol (CBD) than the other main species, Cannabis Sativa. It is also shorter and more bushy in appearance. Some well-known strains include Northern Lights, various Purples (including Purple Kush), Blue Mystic, various versions of Kush and others.\n Cannabis sativa - One of the two main species of cannabis, typically characterized by a more \"energized\" and \"alert\" or \"clear-minded\" lifted mood, due to the high THC content to low or no cannabidiol (CBD) content ratio. The sativa plant is taller and thinner, and lighter green in color than indica. Popular strains include Blue Dream (Blueberry Haze), other Haze variations, Panama Red, Power Flower, Laughing Buddha, Strawberry Cough, Moby Dick, Green Crack, Willie Nelson and Maui Wowie (Waui).\n CBC - Cannabichromene, a cannabinoid (phytocannabinoid) found in cannabis. It is second only to THC in concentration in the cannabis plant, but is non-psychotropic. It has a number of therapeutic qualities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and anti-viral properties, as well as helping in neurogenesis.[1] \n CBD - Cannabidiol\n Concentrate - The result of dissolving the cannabis plant in a solvent\n Dab\/Dabbing - Slang term used to refer to a dose of BHO received through butane combustion and inhalation\n Edible - A cannabis-infused food or drink, also referred to as a \"medible\". This method of ingestion is the slowest to take effect.\n Extraction - The process of deriving the desired cannabinoids from the cannabis plant, in concentrated form. There are two broad types of extraction: solvent and non-solvent. Solvent extraction is common, especially CO2 extraction since it leaves no potentially harmful residue. Closed-loop extraction refers to extraction where the solvent is recycled rather than \"open blasting\" (releasing solvents into the environment - illegal in Colorado).[2] Cannabis extraction types include:\n\n Solvent Extraction\n Alcohol\n BHO\n CO2\n PHO (Propane Hash Oil)\n Solvent-less Extraction\n Dry Sift\n Ice Water Hash\n Rosin Tech (SHO - Solvent-less Hash Oil)[3] \n\n Flavonoid - Family of nutrients known for their antioxidant\/anti-inflammatory properties. About twenty of these have been found in cannabis, including cannflavin A and cannflavin B, which seem to be exclusive to cannabis.\n Flower - Also referred to as the \"bud\". Where most of the cannabinoids are secreted\n Hash - Hashish, i.e., compressed or extracted cannabis trichomes\n Hemp - The fibrous material of the (non-psychotropic) male cannabis plant, used in making rope, textiles and other products\n Kief - The separated-out cannabis trichomes, either used as is or processed into oil\n Kush - Any number of indica strains that originated in Afghanistan, Pakistan and India\n Landrace - Term applied to strains of cannabis localized to particular geographical areas, often named accordingly (e.g., \"Maui Waui\")\n Oil - The concentrate derived from cannabis through extraction. Its uses for medicinal or recreational purposes vary according to the source.\n Phytocannabinoid - Any cannabinoid found naturally in plants (cannabinoids are also found in animals)\n Standard method performance requirement (SMPR) - Standardized test method. These are in the process of being developed for states by a number of scientific advisory bodies, including, in 2017, the AOAC (Association of Official Agricultural Chemists).[4]\n Terpene - Terpenes are the compounds in cannabis that have little or no psychoactive effects (although research is still in process) but contribute to its aromatic and flavor properties. They are key markers in identifying strains. The term \"terpenoid\" is also sometimes used interchangeably. However, the main difference between terpenes and terpenoids is that terpenes are hydrocarbons (meaning the only elements present are carbon and hydrogen); however, terpenoids have been denatured by oxidation (drying and curing the flowers), or otherwise chemically modified.[5] \n THC - A primary cannabinoid, and secondary metabolite found in the female cannabis plant. It is basically non-psychotropic, but converts to the highly psychotropic THCA when heated, burned, vaporized or otherwise decarboxylated. It produces over 100 metabolites in the body. THC is indicated as a possible effective treatment in a number of conditions, including:\n ADHD\n Alzheimer\u2019s Disease\n Arthritis \n Autism\n Cancer: Including brain, breast, pediatric cancers, skin cancers, and more.\n Crohn\u2019s, IBS, IBD\n Chronic and neuropathic pain\n Fibromyalgia \n Glaucoma\n Hepatitis\n Insomnia\n Lupus\n Migraine\n Multiple sclerosis and other muscular disorders\n Stroke\n Parkinson\u2019s Disease\n PTSD\n Sleep apnea\n Stroke\n Tourette syndrome[6]\n Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) - Converts to D9-THC (trans-\u0394\u2079-tetrahydrocannabinol - main psychotropic compound of cannabis) when burned, vaporized, heated or otherwise decarboxylated. Although non-psychotropic in its unprocessed form, it contributes to cannabinoid receptor activity. Anti-inflammatory, inhibits growth of cancer cells and muscle spasms such as those associated with epilepsy.[7] \n Trichome - Any plant epidermis gland. Regarding cannabis, it is the sticky, often hairy, resin gland of the flower that secretes almost all of the cannabinoids and terpenes. Commonly called \"crystals\".[2]\nReferences \n\n\n\u2191 \"Cannabichromene\". Wikipedia. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cannabichromene .   \n\n\u2191 2.0 2.1 Ry Prichard and Jake Browne. \"The cannabis lexicon: Terms to know, from A-Z\". The Cannabist.   \n\n\u2191 \"What are Cannabis Concentrates: A Guide to Extraction Techniques\". BR Blog.   \n\n\u2191 Mike May (July 17, 2017). \"AOAC Aims for Standardized Cannabis Methods\". Analytical Cannabis.   \n\n\u2191 \"Terpenes\". MedicalJane.   \n\n\u2191 Delilah Butterfield (July 24, 2016). \"THC: Everything You Need To Know About Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol\". Herb. http:\/\/herb.co\/2016\/07\/24\/what-is-thc .   \n\n\u2191 \"THCA: Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid\". CBD Science. http:\/\/www.cbdscience.com\/thca-tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid.html .   \n\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary_-_Cannabis\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary_-_Cannabis<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 11 December 2018, at 18:10.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 6,008 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","0dbab1397192e669e85e359f9f71afba_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Glossary_-_Cannabis skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Glossary - Cannabis<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Cannabis_Industry_terms\">Cannabis Industry terms<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Purple-bud.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"c7259962f35ceb1b8e7ace8376215f23\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Purple-bud.jpg\/300px-Purple-bud.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"364\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Purple-bud.jpg\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"c7259962f35ceb1b8e7ace8376215f23\"><\/a><\/div>The purple <a href=\"#Bud\">bud<\/a> of a <a href=\"#Cannabis_Sativa\">Cannabis sativa<\/a>\/<a href=\"#Cannabis_Indica\">indica<\/a> hybrid plant<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<ul><li> Access point - Legal point of distribution for medical cannabis. It is also referred to as a dispensary in some states<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Backcross (BX) - Hybrid plant bred with one of its progenitors to reinforce certain genetic traits<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Blunt - A cigar-sized marijuana cigarette<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Bud - The flowering part of the cannabis plant, where most of the <a href=\"#Cannabinoid\">cannabinoids<\/a> and <a href=\"#Terpene\">terpenes<\/a> are secreted<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Budtender - The counterpart to a bartender, pharmacist or shop attendant in the cannabis industry, with varying degrees of expertise<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Butane hash oil (BHO) - Potent concentrate of cannabinoids (high in <a href=\"#THC\">THC<\/a>) derived by dissolving the plant in butane; also referred to as \"honey oil\", \"dabs\" or \"dabbing,\" \"earwax\", or \"shatter\", depending on the manufacturing method<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Cannabidiol - Abbreviated as \"CBD,\" cannabidiol is one of the two main active ingredients or cannabinoids (there are 85 or so) found in cannabis and used for medicinal\/therapeutic (CBD is indicated as an anti-convulsant, among other uses) and\/or recreational purposes. The other is <a href=\"#THC\">tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC<\/a>. The ratio of CBD to THC is a main characteristic of the various strains of cannabis. <\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Cannabinoid - Any of a number of compounds that interact with cannabinoid receptors in the brain, they are found naturally in animals (endocannabinoids) and plants (phytocannabinoids), especially the female cannabis plant. They may also be synthesized. They may also be metabolites. Some of the more common ones tested for include:\n<ul><li> <a href=\"#CBC\">CBC (Cannabichromene)<\/a><\/li>\n<li> CBCV (Cannabichromevarin)<\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"#CBD\">CBD (Cannabidiol)<\/a><\/li>\n<li> CBDA (Cannabidiolic Acid)<\/li>\n<li> CBDV (Cannabidivarin)<\/li>\n<li> CBG (Cannabigerol)<\/li>\n<li> CBGV (Cannabigerovarin)<\/li>\n<li> CBL (Cannabicyclol)<\/li>\n<li> CBN (Cannabinol)<\/li>\n<li> CBV (Cannabivarin)<\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"#THC\">THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"#THCA\">THCA (Tetrahydrocannbinolic acid)<\/a><\/li>\n<li> THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <i>Cannabis<\/i> - Genus of a flowering plant native to Asia, that includes the species <i>sativa<\/i> and <i>indica<\/i> used for various medicinal and recreational uses (female plants) as well as in textiles and other non-ingesting applications (males). It also includes a lesser-known species, <i>ruderalis<\/i>, which is less potent than either <i>sativa<\/i> or <i>indica<\/i> but is sometimes cross-bred with them because of its more desirable blooming characteristics.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <i>Cannabis indica<\/i> - One of the two main species of cannabis, known for its \"heavier,\" more sedative effects, due to the fact that it is characterized by higher content of <a href=\"#Cannabidiol\">cannabidiol (CBD)<\/a> than the other main species, <a href=\"#Cannabis_Sativa\">Cannabis Sativa<\/a>. It is also shorter and more bushy in appearance. Some well-known strains include Northern Lights, various Purples (including Purple Kush), Blue Mystic, various versions of Kush and others.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <i>Cannabis sativa<\/i> - One of the two main species of cannabis, typically characterized by a more \"energized\" and \"alert\" or \"clear-minded\" lifted mood, due to the high <a href=\"#THC\">THC<\/a> content to low or no <a href=\"#Cannabidiol\">cannabidiol (CBD)<\/a> content ratio. The sativa plant is taller and thinner, and lighter green in color than <i>indica<\/i>. Popular strains include Blue Dream (Blueberry Haze), other Haze variations, Panama Red, Power Flower, Laughing Buddha, Strawberry Cough, Moby Dick, Green Crack, Willie Nelson and Maui Wowie (Waui).<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> CBC - Cannabichromene, a <a href=\"#Cannabinoid\">cannabinoid<\/a> (<a href=\"#Phytocannabinoid\">phytocannabinoid<\/a>) found in cannabis. It is second only to <a href=\"#THC\">THC<\/a> in concentration in the cannabis plant, but is non-psychotropic. It has a number of therapeutic qualities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and anti-viral properties, as well as helping in neurogenesis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WikiCBC_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WikiCBC-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> <\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> CBD - <a href=\"#Cannabidiol\">Cannabidiol<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Concentrate - The result of dissolving the cannabis plant in a solvent<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Dab\/Dabbing - Slang term used to refer to a dose of <a href=\"#BHO\">BHO<\/a> received through butane combustion and inhalation<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Edible - A cannabis-infused food or drink, also referred to as a \"medible\". This method of ingestion is the slowest to take effect.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Extraction - The process of deriving the desired cannabinoids from the cannabis plant, in concentrated form. There are two broad types of extraction: solvent and non-solvent. Solvent extraction is common, especially CO<sub>2<\/sub> extraction since it leaves no potentially harmful residue. Closed-loop extraction refers to extraction where the solvent is recycled rather than \"open blasting\" (releasing solvents into the environment - illegal in Colorado).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Cannabist_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Cannabist-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> Cannabis extraction types include:<\/li><\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<ul><li> Solvent Extraction\n<ul><li> Alcohol<\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"#BHO\">BHO<\/a><\/li>\n<li> CO2<\/li>\n<li> PHO (Propane Hash Oil)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Solvent-less Extraction\n<ul><li> Dry Sift<\/li>\n<li> Ice Water Hash<\/li>\n<li> Rosin Tech (SHO - Solvent-less Hash Oil)<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BRFounders_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BRFounders-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> <\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<ul><li> Flavonoid - Family of nutrients known for their antioxidant\/anti-inflammatory properties. About twenty of these have been found in cannabis, including cannflavin A and cannflavin B, which seem to be exclusive to cannabis.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Flower - Also referred to as the \"bud\". Where most of the <a href=\"#Cannabinoid\">cannabinoids<\/a> are secreted<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Hash - Hashish, i.e., compressed or extracted cannabis <a href=\"#Trichome\">trichomes<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Hemp - The fibrous material of the (non-psychotropic) male <a href=\"#Cannabis\">cannabis<\/a> plant, used in making rope, textiles and other products<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Kief - The separated-out cannabis <a href=\"#Trichomes\">trichomes<\/a>, either used as is or processed into <a href=\"#Oil\">oil<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Kush - Any number of <i>indica<\/i> strains that originated in Afghanistan, Pakistan and India<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Landrace - Term applied to strains of cannabis localized to particular geographical areas, often named accordingly (e.g., \"Maui Waui\")<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Oil - The <a href=\"#Concentrate\">concentrate<\/a> derived from <a href=\"#Cannabis\">cannabis<\/a> through <a href=\"#Extraction\">extraction<\/a>. Its uses for medicinal or recreational purposes vary according to the source.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Phytocannabinoid - Any <a href=\"#Cannabinoid\">cannabinoid<\/a> found naturally in plants (cannabinoids are also found in animals)<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Standard method performance requirement (SMPR) - Standardized test method. These are in the process of being developed for states by a number of scientific advisory bodies, including, in 2017, the AOAC (Association of Official Agricultural Chemists).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AOAC_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AOAC-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Terpene - Terpenes are the compounds in cannabis that have little or no psychoactive effects (although research is still in process) but contribute to its aromatic and flavor properties. They are key markers in identifying strains. The term \"terpenoid\" is also sometimes used interchangeably. However, the main difference between terpenes and terpenoids is that terpenes are hydrocarbons (meaning the only elements present are carbon and hydrogen); however, terpenoids have been denatured by oxidation (drying and curing the flowers), or otherwise chemically modified.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Terpenes_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Terpenes-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> <\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> THC - A primary <a href=\"#Cannabinoid\">cannabinoid<\/a>, and secondary metabolite found in the female cannabis plant. It is basically non-psychotropic, but converts to the highly psychotropic <a href=\"#THCA\">THCA<\/a> when heated, burned, vaporized or otherwise decarboxylated. It produces over 100 metabolites in the body. THC is indicated as a possible effective treatment in a number of conditions, including:\n<ul><li> ADHD<\/li>\n<li> Alzheimer\u2019s Disease<\/li>\n<li> Arthritis <\/li>\n<li> Autism<\/li>\n<li> Cancer: Including brain, breast, pediatric cancers, skin cancers, and more.<\/li>\n<li> Crohn\u2019s, IBS, IBD<\/li>\n<li> Chronic and neuropathic pain<\/li>\n<li> Fibromyalgia <\/li>\n<li> Glaucoma<\/li>\n<li> Hepatitis<\/li>\n<li> Insomnia<\/li>\n<li> Lupus<\/li>\n<li> Migraine<\/li>\n<li> Multiple sclerosis and other muscular disorders<\/li>\n<li> Stroke<\/li>\n<li> Parkinson\u2019s Disease<\/li>\n<li> PTSD<\/li>\n<li> Sleep apnea<\/li>\n<li> Stroke<\/li>\n<li> Tourette syndrome<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-THC_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-THC-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) - Converts to D9-THC (trans-\u0394\u2079-tetrahydrocannabinol - main psychotropic compound of cannabis) when burned, vaporized, heated or otherwise decarboxylated. Although non-psychotropic in its unprocessed form, it contributes to cannabinoid receptor activity. Anti-inflammatory, inhibits growth of cancer cells and muscle spasms such as those associated with epilepsy.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CBDscience_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CBDscience-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> <\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Trichome - Any plant epidermis gland. Regarding cannabis, it is the sticky, often hairy, resin gland of the <a href=\"#Flower\">flower<\/a> that secretes almost all of the <a href=\"#Cannabinoid\">cannabinoids<\/a> and <a href=\"#Terpene\">terpenes<\/a>. Commonly called \"crystals\".<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Cannabist_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Cannabist-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-WikiCBC-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-WikiCBC_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cannabichromene\" data-key=\"2f3d934372efdfa61bdc2db408011a6c\">\"Cannabichromene\"<\/a>. Wikipedia<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free wiki-link\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cannabichromene\" data-key=\"2f3d934372efdfa61bdc2db408011a6c\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cannabichromene<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabichromene&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Wikipedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCannabichromene&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Glossary_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Cannabist-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Cannabist_2-0\">2.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Cannabist_2-1\">2.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Ry Prichard and Jake Browne. \"The cannabis lexicon: Terms to know, from A-Z\". The Cannabist.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+cannabis+lexicon%3A+Terms+to+know%2C+from+A-Z&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Ry+Prichard+and+Jake+Browne&rft.au=Ry+Prichard+and+Jake+Browne&rft.pub=The+Cannabist&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Glossary_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-BRFounders-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-BRFounders_3-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">\"What are Cannabis Concentrates: A Guide to Extraction Techniques\". BR Blog.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=What+are+Cannabis+Concentrates%3A+A+Guide+to+Extraction+Techniques&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=BR+Blog&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Glossary_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-AOAC-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-AOAC_4-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Mike May (July 17, 2017). \"AOAC Aims for Standardized Cannabis Methods\". Analytical Cannabis.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=AOAC+Aims+for+Standardized+Cannabis+Methods&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Mike+May&rft.au=Mike+May&rft.date=July+17%2C+2017&rft.pub=Analytical+Cannabis&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Glossary_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Terpenes-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Terpenes_5-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">\"Terpenes\". MedicalJane.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Terpenes&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=MedicalJane&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Glossary_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-THC-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-THC_6-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Delilah Butterfield (July 24, 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/herb.co\/2016\/07\/24\/what-is-thc\">\"THC: Everything You Need To Know About Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol\"<\/a>. Herb<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/herb.co\/2016\/07\/24\/what-is-thc\">http:\/\/herb.co\/2016\/07\/24\/what-is-thc<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=THC%3A+Everything+You+Need+To+Know+About+Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Delilah+Butterfield&rft.au=Delilah+Butterfield&rft.date=July+24%2C+2016&rft.pub=Herb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fherb.co%2F2016%2F07%2F24%2Fwhat-is-thc&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Glossary_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CBDscience-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CBDscience_7-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cbdscience.com\/thca-tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid.html\">\"THCA: Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid\"<\/a>. CBD Science<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cbdscience.com\/thca-tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid.html\">http:\/\/www.cbdscience.com\/thca-tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid.html<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=THCA%3A+Tetrahydrocannabinolic+Acid&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=CBD+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbdscience.com%2Fthca-tetrahydrocannabinolic-acid.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Glossary_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.093 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.112 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 3890\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 12464\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 14321\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 4573\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 11\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary_-_Cannabis\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary_-_Cannabis<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","0dbab1397192e669e85e359f9f71afba_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Purple-bud.jpg\/600px-Purple-bud.jpg"],"0dbab1397192e669e85e359f9f71afba_timestamp":1610467638,"2a50d4312a405ed49a7911d9c5f56aa0_type":"article","2a50d4312a405ed49a7911d9c5f56aa0_title":"Comprehensive Support for Your Cannabis Testing LIMS","2a50d4312a405ed49a7911d9c5f56aa0_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Support_Resources","2a50d4312a405ed49a7911d9c5f56aa0_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSupport Resources \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tSupport resources are often less than adequate for many software products, so that no matter how good they are, it can be difficult to make them perform the way you need them to. LabLynx support resources, conversely, are comprehensive and of a high standard. LabLynx, Inc. believes in equipping our customers with all of the tools required to make them as successful as possible, and even more so, not less so, when the app is affordably priced, and designed for simple implementation and ease of use. And you get full access to the LabLynx help desk too!\nMost of the support resources below are free and included with your LabLynx account. You always get free unlimited community forum support, manuals, tutorials and unlimited users. And there are always additional products and services you can add to your solution (e.g., integrations, customization, etc.).\n\r\n\n\nContents\n\n1 Default support resources \n\n1.1 Default support services \n1.2 Manual and tutorials \n1.3 Courses \n1.4 Support forum \n1.5 Library\/Knowledge base \n1.6 Services \n\n\n2 Additional support resources \n\n2.1 Professional Services \n\n\n3 Help Desk \n\n3.1 Staffing services \n\n\n4 References \n\n\n\nDefault support resources \nDefault support services \n\nEvery LabLynx customer gets default support services. And all accounts get access to sciCloud.net® (see Community Resources) where you can submit any questions, issues etc., view FAQs and discuss topics with other users.\n\nManual and tutorials \n\nLabLynx, Inc. has always been a believer in the power of video to help users learn how to operate an app. Accordingly, we continue to provide a host of tutorials, available 24\/7 at the click of a button, so you never have to worry about figuring out how any of your LabLynx solution functions work. When coupled with the LabLynx LIMS\/LIS manual with simple, step-by-step directions on overall use as well as each individual function\u2014complete with the links to the videos\u2014these tutorials work together with the help desk and other resources to give you the very best support experience possible.\nThese tutorials cover a range of individual functions and features used in everyday lab operations, including things like registration and accessioning, batching samples, data entry, reports preview, approval and issuing, inventory management and more, as well as setup\/administrative procedures like user management, test setup, audit trail and picklist management.\nThe LabLynx LIMS\/LIS manual contains all you need to set up, use and refer back to for successful lab information management, and the included online, always-available video tutorials enhance this valuable comprehensive resource.\n\nCourses \n\nLabLynx provides a number of courses on various topics, with more joining the list every day. These include both general lab, scientific or health informatics-related topics, and certifications on LabLynx applications that can be used by consultants or just by our customers to increase proficiency.\nEach course includes individual lessons and quizzes, and all are available 24\/7 online. They are accompanied by text books (also online, but downloadable), as well as online videos for comprehensive, effective, time-efficient learning. Since most of us are busy making a living as we increase our qualifications, our convenient online format makes it as practical as possible to achieve progress in our chosen areas.\nOnline courses are augmented by periodic live webinars, often with guest subject matter experts. They are recorded and posted online so any webinar topics you are interested in but were unable to attend may be viewed. \nThe LabLynx Learning Center courses provide a great way for you to advance in your knowledge of topics like HIPAA, CLIA, HITECH, protected health information management, 21 CFR Part 11, ISO 17025, etc. plus lab and informatics processes and items of interest, all of which help you advance in your career and become more effective in your job performance. And vital industry regulatory compliance requirements can be satisfied without having to spend money and time on traditional training sessions.\n\nSupport forum \n\nAnother free support resource that comes with every LabLynx account is a dedicated support forum for your product. Users can find tips and guidance on all topics to do with their professional LabLynx solution and share their own experiences, make suggestions, etc.\nWhat better way to become completely comfortable and familiar with your world-class system than to hang around the forum, search any topic or thread, carry on discussions with users in other labs and generally immerse yourself in the LabLynx community.\nYour LabLynx Solution is so robust, simple to use and reliable that you'll probably never need any other support other than the manual, tutorials and forum. But you also get full access to the help desk, where you can participate in managing your implementation as well as add extra plugins like interfaces, training tracking, invoicing or any of the other many extended features and functions.\n\nLibrary\/Knowledge base \n\nPowered by LIMSbook.com,[1] the publishing division of the Laboratory Informatics Institute, The LabLynx Press provides a vast range of books on topics of interest to the laboratory, scientific and healthcare industry, with special attention to informatics-related themes. This body of knowledge (BOK) or knowledge base is accessible through the Learning Center at http:\/\/limsforum.com.\n\r\n\nSome examples of books available in the LabLynx Library[2] include:\n\r\n\n \n\r\n\nBooks can be read online by clicking links, downloaded as a .pdf and saved\/printed out, ordered in book form through PediaPress or downloaded for Kindle or other e-readers.\nLabLynx, Inc. and SciCloud.net® are dedicated to advocacy and advancement of the industry by providing resources for the individuals within that industry. The LabLynx Library is one more free benefit for the laboratory, scientific and healthcare community generally, and especially our valued customers.\n\nServices \n \nLabLynx, Inc. offers a complete range of services for our customers and in support of all of our products. These take the form of three general service types:\n\r\n\n\n Free support: As described earlier, for all LabLynx accounts\n Professional services: Optional available services\n Staffing: Open to all\nAdditional support resources \nProfessional Services \n \nIn addition to the default support services included with every account, LabLynx, Inc. offers a complete selection of professional services, from training and implementation to custom development. By default, setup and training and full access to the help desk is included in every solution. Professional services include:\n\r\n\n\nSetup and training: LabLynx provides these services as part of all implementations.\nCustomization: Let us know about any special features or functions you'd like, either during scope planning (see the Requirements Checklist) or by submitting a request ticket to the help desk any time. Custom plugins can be purchased to order.\nIntegration: Connect anything to anything with LabLynx's integration services. Whether it's through our exclusive LabVia integration or simply file transfers, LabLynx will link your solution to other systems, instruments\/devices, agencies, billing services or any other entity to help you manage your data smoothly and accurately throughout your facilities.\nValidation: Compliance with applicable standards is a huge part of successful lab management, and LabLynx, Inc.'s offerings support them all. If you need help in validating to a particular regulation or standard, whether CLIA, CAP, CLSI, 21 CFR Part 11, ISO, 43 CFR, GALP\/GAMP or some other, LabLynx is here for you. Just include it in your original scope (see the Requirements Checklist) or submit a request ticket any time. In fact, the validation plugin module runs an automatic script and generates a report that will satisfy many regulatory compliance requirements for validation. \nGo-live assistance: It's always handy to have some professional backup as you begin using the system for the first time. No matter how careful you are in setting up and training, it always seems something unforeseen chooses that moment to surface! Keep your system launch stress-free by purchasing go-live assistance services from the professionals at LabLynx, Inc..\n\r\n\n\nHelp Desk \n \nThe LabLynx, Inc. Help Desk is the central feature of premium support services for all of our customers and partners. All customers who subscribe to our products, plugins\/services and\/or support agreements are provided with a login. The Help Desk offers the following features. You can:\n\r\n\n\nSecurely Log In to Your Own Project and Tickets\nSubmit Tickets\nMonitor Progress\nInteract\/Communicate with Support Staff\nApprove and Close Tickets\nRequest Additional Services or Products\nAccess Documents and Files\n\r\n\nThe Help Desk really is your go-to resource for any questions, issues or requests you have. Support personnel are alerted immediately when a new ticket is submitted or any updates are made to existing ones, so your response is immediate. It is online and thus available 24\/7\/365. All ticket submissions generate automatic alerts to support personnel and are responded to immediately. This means they are prioritized and assigned. If a ticket is critical, we'll probably know it before you do. All of our hosted sites are monitored constantly, with text alerts to key personnel - including Company President John Jones - instantly should any go down. Any other critical issues submitted by you are also dealt with immediately, no matter when they come in. Your system is 100% warranted, and any warranty issues are resolved free of charge. Any requests for additional features or services are easily submitted through the Help Desk. Our highly trained and experienced staff are happy to do whatever it takes to make sure your LabLynx customer experience is a pleasant and successful one. The support team are headed by the same LabLynx, Inc. personnel who created the training materials and resources and who implement LIMS, LIS and other LabLynx products, integrations and customizations. And if you're having difficulty accessing the Help Desk, you can always just email us or give us a call and we will make sure you are taken care of as quickly and effectively as possible. We're real people, and we really are here to help!\n\r\n\nAll Help Desk personnel are LabLynx, Inc. employees, based in the United States and trained to support your products to whatever level is necessary, from simple reminders of how to perform some procedure in the LIMS\/LIS, to instrument or EHR or other app\/database integration, to completely new custom functionality involving development work. Additionally, use the LIMSforum Community to search for answers to any questions or issues you may have, or to post new ones.\n\r\n\n\nStaffing services \n \nOne of LabLynx, Inc.'s many services offered to the laboratory, scientific and healthcare community is recruiting of the right professionals to fill any staffing needs you have. In addition to the use of the job board to post openings, you can make use of our many years of qualifications and experience in this industry to find the right people for you. Most staffing agencies or recruiters are too generalized to do a good job of selecting appropriate candidates for a given vacancy, relying on inaccurate and easily-fooled keyword searches. It's easy to see how much sense it makes to use a company who lives and breathes your business daily, indeed, founded the very authority that sets many standards for the industry and provides information and resources, the Laboratory Informatics Institute, to find just the perfect fit for your unique needs.\nLabLynx staffing services pricing is simple and transparent. There is no cost at all if we don't place anyone with you. If you do hire a candidate we recruited, the fee is a one-time 20% of the projected first year's salary.\nContact us at any time through the help desk, or give us a call or email, and one of our highly-skilled professional recruiters will be assigned to make sure you find the perfect person to meet your needs.\n\r\n\n\nReferences \n\n\u2191 \"LIMSbook.com\". http:\/\/limsbook.com . Retrieved 28 October 2015 .   \n\n\u2191 \"LIMSbook Library\". http:\/\/www.limsbook.com\/books-journals . Retrieved 28 October 2015 .   \n\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Support_Resources\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Support_Resources<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitELab manualsHealthCloudPOL ManualHealthCloudPOLLabLynx ServicesSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteToxicologyLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 20 January 2017, at 15:53.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 5,297 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","2a50d4312a405ed49a7911d9c5f56aa0_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Support_Resources skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Support Resources<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><p>Support resources are often less than adequate for many software products, so that no matter how good they are, it can be difficult to make them perform the way you need them to. LabLynx support resources, conversely, are comprehensive and of a high standard. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> believes in equipping our customers with all of the tools required to make them as successful as possible, and even more so, not less so, when the app is affordably priced, and designed for simple implementation and ease of use. And you get full access to the LabLynx <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">help desk<\/a> too!\n<\/p><p>Most of the support resources below are free and included with your LabLynx account. You always get free unlimited community forum support, manuals, tutorials and unlimited users. And there are always additional products and services you can add to your solution (e.g., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Implementation_Options_-_HCP\" title=\"Implementation Options - HCP\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"d6769c5fca2513fc37288b8251bae270\">integrations, customization, etc.<\/a>).\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Default_support_resources\">Default support resources<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Default_support_services\">Default support services<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Support_400_px.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"753141c26f17f856a674720d446179f9\"><img alt=\"Support 400 px.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Support_400_px.jpg\/200px-Support_400_px.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Every LabLynx customer gets default support services. And all accounts get access to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=SciCloud.net\" title=\"SciCloud.net\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f55114772a7e46ae8406c428c5b25584\">sciCloud.net®<\/a> (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Community_Resources\" title=\"Community Resources\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" data-key=\"bc52effd5851e64a6de442dbc5c7dbca\">Community Resources<\/a>) where you can submit any questions, issues etc., view FAQs and discuss topics with other users.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Manual_and_tutorials\">Manual and tutorials<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Manual_and_Tutorials.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"e1373c36f27731de8c38df18d94ef027\"><img alt=\"Manual and Tutorials.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/e\/e1\/Manual_and_Tutorials.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> has always been a believer in the power of video to help users learn how to operate an app. Accordingly, we continue to provide a host of tutorials, available 24\/7 at the click of a button, so you never have to worry about figuring out how any of your LabLynx solution functions work. When coupled with the LabLynx LIMS\/LIS manual with simple, step-by-step directions on overall use as well as each individual function\u2014complete with the links to the videos\u2014these tutorials work together with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">help desk<\/a> and other resources to give you the very best support experience possible.\n<\/p><p>These tutorials cover a range of individual functions and features used in everyday lab operations, including things like registration and accessioning, batching samples, data entry, reports preview, approval and issuing, inventory management and more, as well as setup\/administrative procedures like user management, test setup, audit trail and picklist management.\n<\/p><p>The LabLynx LIMS\/LIS manual contains all you need to set up, use and refer back to for successful lab information management, and the included online, always-available video tutorials enhance this valuable comprehensive resource.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Courses\">Courses<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Online_Courses2.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"bf8896696f7565a9d82f263de904450b\"><img alt=\"Online Courses2.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/89\/Online_Courses2.png\/200px-Online_Courses2.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"149\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>LabLynx provides a number of courses on various topics, with more joining the list every day. These include both general lab, scientific or health informatics-related topics, and certifications on LabLynx applications that can be used by consultants or just by our customers to increase proficiency.\n<\/p><p>Each course includes individual lessons and quizzes, and all are available 24\/7 online. They are accompanied by text books (also online, but downloadable), as well as online videos for comprehensive, effective, time-efficient learning. Since most of us are busy making a living as we increase our qualifications, our convenient online format makes it as practical as possible to achieve progress in our chosen areas.\n<\/p><p>Online courses are augmented by periodic live webinars, often with guest subject matter experts. They are recorded and posted online so any webinar topics you are interested in but were unable to attend may be viewed. \n<\/p><p>The LabLynx <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary#Learning_Center\" title=\"Glossary\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"914b85c393796d022c624d2b86d0f012\">Learning Center<\/a> courses provide a great way for you to advance in your knowledge of topics like HIPAA, CLIA, HITECH, protected health information management, 21 CFR Part 11, ISO 17025, etc. plus lab and informatics processes and items of interest, all of which help you advance in your career and become more effective in your job performance. And vital industry regulatory compliance requirements can be satisfied without having to spend money and time on traditional training sessions.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Support_forum\">Support forum<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Support_Forum.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"a5e8c9ffafa7753b5d5065f03cf27d0b\"><img alt=\"Support Forum.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/83\/Support_Forum.png\/200px-Support_Forum.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"124\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Another free support resource that comes with every LabLynx account is a dedicated support forum for your product. Users can find tips and guidance on all topics to do with their professional LabLynx solution and share their own experiences, make suggestions, etc.\n<\/p><p>What better way to become completely comfortable and familiar with your world-class system than to hang around the forum, search any topic or thread, carry on discussions with users in other labs and generally immerse yourself in the LabLynx community.\n<\/p><p>Your LabLynx Solution is so robust, simple to use and reliable that you'll probably never need any other support other than the <a href=\"#Manual_and_Tutorials\">manual, tutorials<\/a> and forum. But you also get full access to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">help desk<\/a>, where you can participate in managing your implementation as well as add extra <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Optional_Plugins_-_TOX\" title=\"Optional Plugins - TOX\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"1cc51b7c4bc24fdd9aed0cb11dbef63b\">plugins<\/a> like interfaces, training tracking, invoicing or any of the other many extended features and functions.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Library.2FKnowledge_base\">Library\/Knowledge base<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:LabLynxPress200.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"3b08f159bfde032c58d2771e0b863cee\"><img alt=\"LabLynxPress200.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/4\/40\/LabLynxPress200.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"76\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>Powered by LIMSbook.com,<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LIMSbook_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LIMSbook-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> the publishing division of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary#LII\" title=\"Glossary\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"1eda86fb1cd56562373bcf86f8cafa96\">Laboratory Informatics Institute<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Main_Page\" title=\"Main Page\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"b2d8b30dbc1014baa9f6308b2bbb20e1\">The LabLynx Press<\/a> provides a vast range of books on topics of interest to the laboratory, scientific and healthcare industry, with special attention to informatics-related themes. This body of knowledge (BOK) or knowledge base is accessible through the Learning Center at <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/limsforum.com\">http:\/\/limsforum.com<\/a>.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\nSome examples of books available in the LabLynx Library<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LIMSbookLibrary_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LIMSbookLibrary-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> include:\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Book_-_an-introduction-to-biomedical-informatics.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"d6cbaccb1b09723115efcecba728c1b5\"><img alt=\"Book - an-introduction-to-biomedical-informatics.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/1\/14\/Book_-_an-introduction-to-biomedical-informatics.png\" width=\"201\" height=\"311\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Book_-_an-introduction-to-medical-devices.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"f0e18ae1bb3dbbcf45ccbdc49754e5a5\"><img alt=\"Book - an-introduction-to-medical-devices.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/9\/93\/Book_-_an-introduction-to-medical-devices.png\" width=\"201\" height=\"311\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Book_-_health-information-technology_for_POL.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"e8363a227818e6d999520b7c17b5328a\"><img alt=\"Book - health-information-technology for POL.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/0\/06\/Book_-_health-information-technology_for_POL.png\" width=\"201\" height=\"311\" \/><\/a>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\nBooks can be read online by clicking links, downloaded as a .pdf and saved\/printed out, ordered in book form through PediaPress or downloaded for Kindle or other e-readers.\n<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=SciCloud.net\" title=\"SciCloud.net\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f55114772a7e46ae8406c428c5b25584\">SciCloud.net®<\/a> are dedicated to advocacy and advancement of the industry by providing resources for the individuals within that industry. The LabLynx Library is one more free benefit for the laboratory, scientific and healthcare community generally, and especially our valued customers.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Services\">Services<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:80px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Maintenance.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"00cda10f848b7b8c97c985836f228afe\"><img alt=\"Maintenance.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/d\/df\/Maintenance.jpg\" width=\"78\" height=\"99\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Maintenance.jpg\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"00cda10f848b7b8c97c985836f228afe\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> offers a complete range of services for our customers and in support of all of our products. These take the form of three general service types:\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a href=\"#Free_Support_Services\"><b>Free support<\/b><\/a>: As described earlier, for all LabLynx accounts<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <a href=\"#Professional_Services\"><b>Professional services<\/b><\/a>: Optional available services<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <a href=\"#Staffing_Services\"><b>Staffing<\/b><\/a>: Open to all<\/li><\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Additional_support_resources\">Additional support resources<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Professional_Services\">Professional Services<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:182px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Tool_belt.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"772833678ace1b475872f1585ef44523\"><img alt=\"Tool belt.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2e\/Tool_belt.jpg\/180px-Tool_belt.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"182\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Tool_belt.jpg\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"772833678ace1b475872f1585ef44523\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>In addition to the default support services included with every account, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> offers a complete selection of professional services, from training and implementation to custom development. By default, setup and training and full access to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">help desk<\/a> is included in every solution. Professional services include:\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Setup_%26_Training_-_HCP\" title=\"Setup & Training - HCP\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"6afe3dacd21dab793b5a93b5ad488fd8\">Setup and training<\/a>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx<\/a> provides these services as part of all implementations.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Customization_-_HCP\" title=\"Customization - HCP\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"dfa9d3b5b22238b6ffe6a82671b1943f\">Customization<\/a>: Let us know about any special features or functions you'd like, either during scope planning (see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Requirements_Checklist_-_HCP\" title=\"Requirements Checklist - HCP\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"916834aff8a38629e20eff1ea32450ae\">Requirements Checklist<\/a>) or by submitting a request ticket to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary#Help_Desk\" title=\"Glossary\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"263dc606c57bd567b32e595598eabf8b\">help desk<\/a> any time. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Optional_Plugins_-_HCP#Custom_Plugins\" title=\"Optional Plugins - HCP\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"6bce32210162ea51b2650869276df6a8\">Custom plugins<\/a> can be purchased to order.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Integration_-_HCP\" title=\"Integration - HCP\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"507c2fa2db98e538593eaca5a40a4442\">Integration<\/a>: Connect anything to anything with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx's<\/a> integration services. Whether it's through our exclusive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary#LabVia\" title=\"Glossary\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"565af4c3deb8efd6ccc7549a718f90be\">LabVia<\/a> integration or simply file transfers, LabLynx will link your solution to other systems, instruments\/devices, agencies, billing services or any other entity to help you manage your data smoothly and accurately throughout your facilities.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Validation_-_HCP\" title=\"Validation - HCP\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ca0e3de5421e20bfc9e7a9d63157e83e\">Validation<\/a>: Compliance with applicable standards is a huge part of successful lab management, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a>'s offerings support them all. If you need help in validating to a particular regulation or standard, whether CLIA, CAP, CLSI, 21 CFR Part 11, ISO, 43 CFR, GALP\/GAMP or some other, LabLynx is here for you. Just include it in your original scope (see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Requirements_Checklist_-_HCP\" title=\"Requirements Checklist - HCP\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"916834aff8a38629e20eff1ea32450ae\">Requirements Checklist<\/a>) or submit a request ticket any time. In fact, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Optional_Plugins_-_TOX#Validation\" title=\"Optional Plugins - TOX\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"db23b3b50e82b0bdafa75725e3d1ab6e\">validation plugin<\/a> module runs an automatic script and generates a report that will satisfy many regulatory compliance requirements for validation. <\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Go_Live_Assistance_-_HCP\" title=\"Go Live Assistance - HCP\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"04df479f551d2092e4a36356675315e5\">Go-live assistance<\/a>: It's always handy to have some professional backup as you begin using the system for the first time. No matter how careful you are in setting up and training, it always seems something unforeseen chooses that moment to surface! Keep your system launch stress-free by purchasing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Go_Live_Assistance_-_HCP\" title=\"Go Live Assistance - HCP\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"04df479f551d2092e4a36356675315e5\">go-live assistance<\/a> services from the professionals at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Help_Desk\">Help Desk<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Help_Desk_Telephone_400_px.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"295db648f650bc1bd1ab48aade57dec0\"><img alt=\"Help Desk Telephone 400 px.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/25\/Help_Desk_Telephone_400_px.png\/300px-Help_Desk_Telephone_400_px.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Help_Desk_Telephone_400_px.png\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"295db648f650bc1bd1ab48aade57dec0\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> <b>Help Desk<\/b> is the central feature of premium support services for all of our customers and partners. All customers who subscribe to our products, plugins\/services and\/or support agreements are provided with a login. The <b>Help Desk<\/b> offers the following features. You can:\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li><b>Securely Log In to Your Own Project and Tickets<\/b><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li><b>Submit Tickets<\/b><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li><b>Monitor Progress<\/b><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li><b>Interact\/Communicate with Support Staff<\/b><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li><b>Approve and Close Tickets<\/b><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li><b>Request Additional Services or Products<\/b><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li><b>Access Documents and Files<\/b><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\nThe <b>Help Desk<\/b> really is your go-to resource for any questions, issues or requests you have. Support personnel are alerted immediately when a new ticket is submitted or any updates are made to existing ones, so your response is immediate. It is online and thus available 24\/7\/365. All ticket submissions generate automatic alerts to support personnel and are responded to immediately. This means they are prioritized and assigned. If a ticket is critical, we'll probably know it before you do. All of our hosted sites are monitored constantly, with text alerts to key personnel - including Company President John Jones - instantly should any go down. Any other critical issues submitted by you are also dealt with immediately, no matter when they come in. Your system is 100% warranted, and any warranty issues are resolved free of charge. Any requests for additional features or services are easily submitted through the <a href=\"#Help_Desk\">Help Desk<\/a>. Our highly trained and experienced staff are happy to do whatever it takes to make sure your LabLynx customer experience is a pleasant and successful one. The support team are headed by the same <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> personnel who created the training materials and resources and who implement LIMS, LIS and other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx<\/a> products, integrations and customizations. And if you're having difficulty accessing the Help Desk, you can always just email us or give us a call and we will make sure you are taken care of as quickly and effectively as possible. We're real people, and we really are here to help!\n<\/p><p><br \/>\nAll Help Desk personnel are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> employees, based in the United States and trained to support your products to whatever level is necessary, from simple reminders of how to perform some procedure in the LIMS\/LIS, to instrument or EHR or other app\/database integration, to completely new custom functionality involving development work. Additionally, use the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LIMSforum.com\" title=\"LIMSforum.com\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"137adefa368c5ddc6fa89b951c1ecc3d\">LIMSforum Community<\/a> to search for answers to any questions or issues you may have, or to post new ones.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Staffing_services\">Staffing services<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:182px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Staffing.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"0fa0096002fda87b788303930e174d9a\"><img alt=\"Staffing.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3f\/Staffing.jpg\/180px-Staffing.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"270\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Staffing.jpg\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"0fa0096002fda87b788303930e174d9a\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>One of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a>'s many services offered to the laboratory, scientific and healthcare community is recruiting of the right professionals to fill any staffing needs you have. In addition to the use of the <a href=\"#Job_Board\">job board<\/a> to post openings, you can make use of our many years of qualifications and experience in this industry to find the right people for you. Most staffing agencies or recruiters are too generalized to do a good job of selecting appropriate candidates for a given vacancy, relying on inaccurate and easily-fooled keyword searches. It's easy to see how much sense it makes to use a company who lives and breathes your business daily, indeed, founded the very authority that sets many standards for the industry and provides information and resources, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary#LII\" title=\"Glossary\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"1eda86fb1cd56562373bcf86f8cafa96\">Laboratory Informatics Institute<\/a>, to find just the perfect fit for your unique needs.\n<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx<\/a> staffing services pricing is simple and transparent. There is no cost at all if we don't place anyone with you. If you do hire a candidate we recruited, the fee is a one-time 20% of the projected first year's salary.\n<\/p><p>Contact us at any time through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">help desk<\/a>, or give us a call or email, and one of our highly-skilled professional recruiters will be assigned to make sure you find the perfect person to meet your needs.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-LIMSbook-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-LIMSbook_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/limsbook.com\">\"LIMSbook.com\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/limsbook.com\">http:\/\/limsbook.com<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 28 October 2015<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=LIMSbook.com&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flimsbook.com&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Support_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-LIMSbookLibrary-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-LIMSbookLibrary_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.limsbook.com\/books-journals\">\"LIMSbook Library\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.limsbook.com\/books-journals\">http:\/\/www.limsbook.com\/books-journals<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 28 October 2015<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=LIMSbook+Library&rft.atitle=&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.limsbook.com%2Fbooks-journals&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Support_Resources\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.049 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.088 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1093\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 11345\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 20910\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 930\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 11\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Support_Resources\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Support_Resources<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","2a50d4312a405ed49a7911d9c5f56aa0_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/f\/f4\/Support_400_px.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/e\/e1\/Manual_and_Tutorials.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/8\/89\/Online_Courses2.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/8\/83\/Support_Forum.png\/400px-Support_Forum.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/4\/40\/LabLynxPress200.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/1\/14\/Book_-_an-introduction-to-biomedical-informatics.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/9\/93\/Book_-_an-introduction-to-medical-devices.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/0\/06\/Book_-_health-information-technology_for_POL.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/d\/df\/Maintenance.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2e\/Tool_belt.jpg\/360px-Tool_belt.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/2\/25\/Help_Desk_Telephone_400_px.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/3\/3f\/Staffing.jpg"],"2a50d4312a405ed49a7911d9c5f56aa0_timestamp":1610467637,"36e4a4e82178da57634ee159d8e8eea9_type":"article","36e4a4e82178da57634ee159d8e8eea9_title":"Integrating Your LIMS into Your Cannabis Testing Workflow","36e4a4e82178da57634ee159d8e8eea9_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LIMS_Operation_-_Cannabis","36e4a4e82178da57634ee159d8e8eea9_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tLIMS Operation - Cannabis \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tContents\n\n1 General \n2 Sample receiving \n3 Order management \n4 Sample batching \n5 Data entry \n6 Reporting \n7 You're done! \n\n\n\nGeneral \nIn learning how to use the LabLynx, Inc. CannaQA LIMS, it is useful to understand how it is designed to support your workflow on a daily basis by looking at the processes overall and how they fit together.\nOnce setup and training are completed, you are in the business of daily operations. The smooth functioning of those operations is largely a function of having completed the setup and training effectively. The higher the level of quality of that setup, the better the daily functioning of the lab and its LIMS. Clients should be present in the Entity Management section, as well as all any contract labs, suppliers\/vendors, etc. More may always be added at any time, but setup should include those known at the time. Note that this may be accomplished through uploading a spreadsheet (contact LabLynx, Inc. to arrange or submitting a ticket to the help desk). The second critical element that must be in place is the tests you use. Most of these, if not all, will be already set up in the LIMS, and they include the use of correct parameters\/analytes, ranges and other settings. The LIMS administrator or designated user will be trained on how to create additional tests or new versions of existing ones, using the test management module. Obviously users must also be set up to be able to access the system, according to the appropriate access level profiles. See Setup & Training to view the list of items performed during that phase.\nOnce set up correctly, the operation of your LabLynx CannaQA cannabis LIMS is simple and intuitive.\n\r\n\n\n\r\n\nFirst, the LIMS menu offers a huge clue to how the system is used. From top to bottom, it more or less represents the lab workflow, along with a couple of extra functional items.\n\nSample receiving \nYour LabLynx CannaQA cannabis testing LIMS supports either single sample or order\/multiple sample receiving and processing. In either case, samples may be entered into the LIMS either remotely, via the LabLynx portal (for non-users, i.e., clients), or by logging in online from anywhere. Of course, access can be had onsite as well.\nSamples can be created in the system either before they are submitted or once they are in the lab to be tested. If you process regular, repeat samples, they can be set up to autogenerate in the LIMS. For detailed instructions on sample receiving, see the Sample Receiving section of the online manual.\n\nOrder management \nFor some cannabis labs, activities start with an order, or a submission of a request for testing for more than one sample. This order may be entered by any designated users or submitters themselves using the LabLynx online portal. The submitter need only have the correct access profile to do so (see User Management). \nFor guidance on this function, see the clinical laboratory information system (LIS) example in the Order Management section.\n\nSample batching \n\nAll samples that have been received for any orders are batched for testing and assigned to an instrument if applicable, and the assay is then performed. WRegardless of analysis, any samples receiving like tests are grouped together, and each step or process in the path linked with that test is performed. Unique IDs ensure they retain their link to the order or test request, client, lot, etc. The system also helps you track samples that are sent out to reference labs.\nFor more information, see Sample Batching.\n\nData entry \n Once testing is done, you can enter the results into the LIMS. And when all the results are in for the sample (or all samples for an order), that report is ready to be issued. Or if you have elected to have LabLynx, Inc. integrate your instrument(s), then the results are populated in the system as soon as the instrument is done.\nThe LabLynx Cannabis LIMS supports any alphanumeric result values, including \"<\", \">\", \"ND\", \"pos\/neg\", etc. And any values that are outside of the prescribed are highlighted. Users can choose to approve or cancel that run, or create a new run.\nSee Data Entry in the manual for more details.\n\nReporting \n California-compliant report\nThe final step of the daily lab processes is viewing and issuing the certificate of authenticity (COA) report. All samples that are complete are available to be reported (if they are part of a multiple-sample order, all must be complete). Simply select the one you want, review it, and issue (save, email, print, fax). See details in the Report and Labels section.\n\nYou're done! \n That's basically it: simple, straight-forward no-nonsense data management for the modern cannabis testing lab.\nThere are other features in your LabLynx Cannabis LIMS, like the sample backlog so you can always see just how much work there is to be done at any given time. Additionally, you'll find features such as document upload and management, contact management, a data warehouse, an audit trail, optional lab inventory management, reports and labels, instrument calibration and maintenance tracking and a host of administrative and LIMS configuration tools! Just go to the appropriate section of this manual for step-by-step instructions on just how to use those features.\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LIMS_Operation_-_Cannabis\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LIMS_Operation_-_Cannabis<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 11 February 2019, at 15:36.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 4,500 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","36e4a4e82178da57634ee159d8e8eea9_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-LIMS_Operation_-_Cannabis skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">LIMS Operation - Cannabis<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\">\n\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"General\">General<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In learning how to use the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">CannaQA LIMS<\/a>, it is useful to understand how it is designed to support your workflow on a daily basis by looking at the processes overall and how they fit together.\n<\/p><p>Once <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Setup_%26_Training_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Setup & Training - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"df107d57043c3a6721eddbc68648c4f2\">setup and training<\/a> are completed, you are in the business of daily operations. The smooth functioning of those operations is largely a function of having completed the setup and training effectively. The higher the level of quality of that setup, the better the daily functioning of the lab and its LIMS. Clients should be present in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Receiving_-_01.0_Entity_management_-_ELab\" title=\"Receiving - 01.0 Entity management - ELab\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"46601196c707531b611a01c9afbe4a08\">Entity Management<\/a> section, as well as all any contract labs, suppliers\/vendors, etc. More may always be added at any time, but setup should include those known at the time. Note that this may be accomplished through uploading a spreadsheet (contact <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> to arrange or submitting a ticket to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">help desk<\/a>). The second critical element that must be in place is the tests you use. Most of these, if not all, will be already set up in the LIMS, and they include the use of correct <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Test_parameter_management_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Test parameter management - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"6b37b9fff77d029a70601cca0aebd26f\">parameters<\/a>\/analytes, ranges and other settings. The LIMS administrator or designated user will be trained on how to create additional tests or new versions of existing ones, using the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Test_Management_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Test Management - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e6c3c2d5e917a038f5ace21d8b3e296b\">test management<\/a> module. Obviously users must also be set up to be able to access the system, according to the appropriate access level profiles. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Setup_%26_Training_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Setup & Training - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"df107d57043c3a6721eddbc68648c4f2\">Setup & Training<\/a> to view the list of items performed during that phase.\n<\/p><p>Once set up correctly, the operation of your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">LabLynx CannaQA cannabis LIMS<\/a> is simple and intuitive.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Canna_LIMS_Menu.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"f664c7fd1640d6d1078b0194058aef6b\"><img alt=\"Canna LIMS Menu.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/e\/e4\/Canna_LIMS_Menu.png\" width=\"201\" height=\"273\" \/><\/a>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\nFirst, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">LIMS<\/a> menu offers a huge clue to how the system is used. From top to bottom, it more or less represents the lab workflow, along with a couple of extra functional items.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Sample_receiving\">Sample receiving<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">LabLynx CannaQA cannabis testing LIMS<\/a> supports either single sample or order\/multiple sample receiving and processing. In either case, samples may be entered into the LIMS either remotely, via the LabLynx <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Optional_Plugins_-_Cannabis#Portal\" title=\"Optional Plugins - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"03ebd34f9a58cf1f2aebc9b2e19bb4a4\">portal<\/a> (for non-users, i.e., clients), or by logging in online from anywhere. Of course, access can be had onsite as well.\n<\/p><p>Samples can be created in the system either before they are submitted or once they are in the lab to be tested. If you process regular, repeat samples, they can be set up to autogenerate in the LIMS. For detailed instructions on sample receiving, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Sample_Receiving_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Sample Receiving - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e28c7d33461ca7fc6bd3892cd02cc290\">Sample Receiving<\/a> section of the online manual.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Order_management\">Order management<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For some cannabis labs, activities start with an order, or a submission of a request for testing for more than one sample. This order may be entered by any designated users or submitters themselves using the LabLynx online <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Optional_Plugins_-_Cannabis#Portal\" title=\"Optional Plugins - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"03ebd34f9a58cf1f2aebc9b2e19bb4a4\">portal<\/a>. The submitter need only have the correct access profile to do so (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=User_Management\" title=\"User Management\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f059bfeba4e612bbe9248a42b64b5c10\">User Management<\/a>). \n<\/p><p>For guidance on this function, see the clinical laboratory information system (LIS) example in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Order_Management_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Order Management - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"bfb189b06107a00eb24e67c950f95738\">Order Management<\/a> section.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Sample_batching\">Sample batching<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannbis_Samples_for_Testing.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"1f5ad404a0fc52a843bf156acfd25506\"><img alt=\"Cannbis Samples for Testing.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/19\/Cannbis_Samples_for_Testing.jpg\/260px-Cannbis_Samples_for_Testing.jpg\" width=\"260\" height=\"194\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>All samples that have been received for any orders are batched for testing and assigned to an instrument if applicable, and the assay is then performed. WRegardless of analysis, any samples receiving like tests are grouped together, and each step or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Process_Management\" title=\"Process Management\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"7fbb9c563a09c0b784a4fb33199aa930\">process<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Path_Management\" title=\"Path Management\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f4f0edc07c965bf8075b472d84a9a763\">path<\/a> linked with that test is performed. Unique IDs ensure they retain their link to the order or test request, client, lot, etc. The system also helps you track samples that are sent out to reference labs.\n<\/p><p>For more information, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=ELab_7_user_manual_-_Sample_batching_-_ELab\" title=\"ELab 7 user manual - Sample batching - ELab\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"6c58c404b8bb6603f84d2eb7e8226903\">Sample Batching<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Data_entry\">Data entry<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Data_Entry.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"7e42091c714cbe7959122965a5794644\"><img alt=\"Data Entry.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0c\/Data_Entry.jpg\/300px-Data_Entry.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Data_Entry.jpg\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"7e42091c714cbe7959122965a5794644\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Once testing is done, you can enter the results into the LIMS. And when all the results are in for the sample (or all samples for an order), that report is ready to be issued. Or if you have elected to have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> integrate your instrument(s), then the results are populated in the system as soon as the instrument is done.\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">LabLynx Cannabis LIMS<\/a> supports any alphanumeric result values, including \"<\", \">\", \"ND\", \"pos\/neg\", etc. And any values that are outside of the prescribed are highlighted. Users can choose to approve or cancel that run, or create a new run.\n<\/p><p>See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Data_entry_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Data entry - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"64d252a7273a43745edfb684ede40034\">Data Entry<\/a> in the manual for more details.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Reporting\">Reporting<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"3ffaac032667f438f4d3fff5928ae16e\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c8\/California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg\/300px-California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"388\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"3ffaac032667f438f4d3fff5928ae16e\"><\/a><\/div>California-compliant report<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>The final step of the daily lab processes is viewing and issuing the certificate of authenticity (COA) report. All samples that are complete are available to be reported (if they are part of a multiple-sample order, all must be complete). Simply select the one you want, review it, and issue (save, email, print, fax). See details in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Reports_and_Labels_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Reports and Labels - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"243aaa642d52d65e4a8719cf9208ed91\">Report and Labels<\/a> section.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"You.27re_done.21\">You're done!<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Canna_Lab.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"7b1d7810385ab7df3603461fe1edaa4a\"><img alt=\"Canna Lab.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e0\/Canna_Lab.jpg\/300px-Canna_Lab.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"187\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Canna_Lab.jpg\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"7b1d7810385ab7df3603461fe1edaa4a\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>That's basically it: simple, straight-forward no-nonsense data management for the modern cannabis testing lab.\n<p>There are other features in your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">LabLynx Cannabis LIMS<\/a>, like the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Sample_Backlog\" title=\"Sample Backlog\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e150bf735130bbe24c161f0740c142d5\">sample backlog<\/a> so you can always see just how much work there is to be done at any given time. Additionally, you'll find features such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Document_Management\" title=\"Document Management\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"cc71ed32547a90f9ca34e5a3481e1fae\">document upload and management<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Contact_Management\" title=\"Contact Management\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"17858cc302ef324822e319e218989fbb\">contact management<\/a>, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Data_Warehouse_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Data Warehouse - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"0cf5c4bbeef8839117991034327bb4b8\">data warehouse<\/a>, an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Audit_Trail\" title=\"Audit Trail\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"5f5de4e22c06c5e3df418da1afd50ff8\">audit trail<\/a>, optional <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Lab_Inventory\" title=\"Lab Inventory\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ff5308735c769253a104180e3f07782a\">lab inventory management<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Reports_and_Labels_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Reports and Labels - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"243aaa642d52d65e4a8719cf9208ed91\">reports and labels<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Instrument_Management_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Instrument Management - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"1043c9231e90202e4d8304d1e77599a7\">instrument calibration and maintenance tracking<\/a> and a host of administrative and LIMS configuration tools! Just go to the appropriate section of this manual for step-by-step instructions on just how to use those features.\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.013 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.027 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 26\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 36\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 2\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LIMS_Operation_-_Cannabis\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LIMS_Operation_-_Cannabis<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","36e4a4e82178da57634ee159d8e8eea9_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/e\/e4\/Canna_LIMS_Menu.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/19\/Cannbis_Samples_for_Testing.jpg\/520px-Cannbis_Samples_for_Testing.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/0\/0c\/Data_Entry.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c8\/California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg\/600px-California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/e\/e0\/Canna_Lab.jpg"],"36e4a4e82178da57634ee159d8e8eea9_timestamp":1610467637,"8377d24464ab18847fc56ac4d43dcb6d_type":"article","8377d24464ab18847fc56ac4d43dcb6d_title":"Successful Implementation of Your Cannabis Testing LIMS","8377d24464ab18847fc56ac4d43dcb6d_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Successful_Implementation_of_Your_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS","8377d24464ab18847fc56ac4d43dcb6d_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tSuccessful Implementation of Your Cannabis Testing LIMS \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tContents\n\n1 Implementation Overview \n2 LIMS Implementation \n\n2.1 Setup & Training \n\n2.1.1 Set Up Users \n2.1.2 Assign profiles \n2.1.3 Report Setup Info \n2.1.4 Test Setup \n2.1.5 Instrument-Parameter Mappings \n2.1.6 Admin Training \n2.1.7 User Training \n2.1.8 System Verification \n\n\n2.2 Customization \n2.3 The Technical Stuff \n2.4 Integration \n2.5 Validation \n2.6 Go-live assistance \n\n\n\n\n\nImplementation Overview \nIf you have ever survived an enterprise-class software installation, you'll be relieved to know that LabLynx, Inc. implementations are not like that. Our solutions are deliberately designed to be implemented quickly and with a minimum of fuss. Whether you are simply setting up your LIMS, incorporating special customization and\/or integration, or something in-between, the roll-out period is as smooth, efficient and pain-free as possible. Most setup is done through the user front end of the app itself, especially in the case of your cannabis lab's CannaQA LIMS, without the need for a development process. And training is done hands-on as you learn, from creating any additional tests you like with the limits\/ranges you want to setting your own picklist choices and more, it can all be done in real time with an experienced instructor, and recorded for your convenience so you can share with others and review any time you want.\nStandard implementation is quick and simple, with your solution online and ready to be set up the same day you sign your sales agreement. Users can follow the manual as our experienced staff work alongside you to set up any additional tests\/ranges, lab information, additional users, clients, vendors, contract labs, instruments, inventory and\/or other items included in initial setup, and learn how to use the system. Unlimited forum support is always included with your account.\n\r\n\nSetup and training sessions, as well as any of a number of other features and services, can begin as soon as you are ready. Your implementation can include any of a number of components, depending on your particular solution and preferences. These can include:\n\nSetup and training\nCustomization\nIntegration\nValidation\nGo-live assistance\nLIMS Implementation \nSetup & Training \nCorrect setup and training are crucial to the successful implementation and daily operation of your system. These services are normally included as part of your solution package, with manual materials and additional support team resources as backup.\nElements of standard setup and training include:\n\n Set up users\n Report setup\n Test setup\n Instrument-parameter mappings (if instrument interfaces are desired)\n Admin training\n User training\n System verification (can be factored into each process)\n\r\n\n\nSet Up Users \nLabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\n\n The first thing that is done once the LabLynx LIMS application has been initially provisioned on the LabLynx cloud infrastructure is the setup of at least one user, usually the main LIMS administrator. The online manual supports administrators with step-by-step instructions on setting up users in the User Management section. Default role-based access profiles already exist in the system, making it quick and easy to assign to users. (You can also copy and make changes to create new profiles with slightly different custom access privileges.)\nYour LabLynx implementation engineer will help and instruct you, showing you how to set up users, including login ID and password, password expiration, inactivity auto-logout, etc., level of access and more. \n\nAssign profiles \nWhen setting up a user in the LIMS, a profile must be assigned that specifies the access level the user is allowed. For example, here are three default access level profiles that meet most standard laboratory needs:\n\nLIMS administrator: This is the top level of access, and it allows all administrative LIMS functions.\nLab analyst: This is the standard lab user, with the profile designed for all standard laboratory functions.\nOffice staff: This profile allows submitting of test requests\/orders and viewing\/issuing of reports. It does not allow results data entry or other laboratory activities.\nAs shown in the screenshot, access levels can be different for the same individual for each department or lab site. Again, the assignment of these profiles is performed during setup and training, described in the User Management section of the manual. Your particular access profiles will vary according to your specific requirements, and you can add and\/or modify profiles to suit your needs.\n\nReport Setup Info \nYour LabLynx CannaQA cannabis LIMS solution comes with a standard certificate of analysis (COA) report template already included based on your state or national requirements (see example). Setup will include simply adding your own lab logo, contact information, and authorized signatures. Any desired additions or modifications to notes, disclaimers, etc. may also be done if requested. Several other standard reports are also provided with the LIMS, including a barcode sample label (for the purposes of the LIMS, this is categorized as a report), turnaround time (TAT) report, bench worksheet, and sample backlog report. You can of course request additional reports. The LabLynx Report Builder app is also included with your solution, so you can also choose to make your own modifications or additional reports.\nThe dedicated report builder allows you to create and edit report templates of any kind, including sample, inventory, and product labels. You can choose to have a barcode on the label (or on any report), since the CannaQA LIMS supports both one- and two-dimensional barcodes of any type. And we keep up with the changing laws, regulations, and standards not only locally but also worldwide, so you can be sure your reports and product labels are compliant.\nThe LabLynx Report Builder is based on Active Reports and works like most report tools you may be familiar with, such as Crystal or SQL Services Reporting. The work area includes header, footer, and data sections, with controls that allow you to drag and drop elements such as images, data fields, line separators, etc. where you want them. It also supports the use of logic statements and calculations, such as the ability to display a given result or result range as \"pass\" or \"fail,\" display only the fields for tests that were actually performed, populate charts and graphs, and more.\n\r\n\n\nTest Setup \nProbably the most important part of the LabLynx CannaQA LIMS setup is setting up the tests used in the lab. If this isn't correct and complete, then the LIMS core functionality is also jeopardized. Test setup training is included as part of standard setup and training provided by LabLynx. Instructions on how to perform test setup are also included in the online manual. \nThere are a number of test profiles specific to cannabis analysis that can be included in our LabLynx CannaQA LIMS, including some with calculated results. You can load the tests yourself, which is time-consuming, or you can choose to have them pre-loaded, with the limit sets required by your state or country. Tests include:\n\n\n Cannabinoid Profile\n CBC\n CBD\n CBD-A\n CBG\n d8-THC\n d9-THC\n THC-A\n Total CBD\n Total THC\n Edible Cannabinoid Profile\n As above, plus:\n Total CBD mg\/g\n Total THC mg\/g\n GCMS Accredited Pesticide\n Azoxystrobin D-4 (Surr)\n Chlorfenapyr (Low Recovery)\n Cyfluthrin (Low Recovery)\n Cypermethrin\n Dichlorvos D-6 (IS)\n Methyl parathion\n Permethrin (both)\n GCMS R&D Pesticide\n As GCMS Accredited Pesticide\n LCMS Accredited Pesticide\n Too many analytes to list (54)\n LCMS R&D Pesticide\n As LCMS Accredited Pesticide\n Mold & Mildew\n Total Mold\n Total Yeast\n Residual Solvent\n Too many analytes to list (22)\n Terpene\n Too many analytes to list (19)\n Water Activity\n\nEach of these can also include mandatory review steps. There are ~1000 parameters (analytes) in your LabLynx CannaQA LIMS solution by default. But any tests that you want to use may need their parameters, ranges, limits, or specifications adjusted, instrument assigned, etc. before being activated and published for use. Additional new tests may be created if necessary. Results may include any alphanumeric values, including symbols (e.g., \"<\" and \">\"), and may also be selectable, with user-defined choices (e.g., \"present,\" \"ND,\" \"neg\/pos,\" etc.), with multi-select also available.\nIf instruments are to be integrated, parameters must be mapped between the instrument and the LabLynx LIMS. This will be conducted as part of your LabLynx integration service. Instructions are in the manual as well, if you would like to review.\nAdditionally, any set of tests may be grouped as test panels, groups, or profiles (use the term you prefer) and assigned in a single click to samples. This is included in setup and training, and instructions are also provided in the \"Test Group Management\" section of the online manual.\n\r\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n The LabLynx CannaQA LIMS can be delivered pre-loaded with all of the standard and required tests, parameters, and analytes.\n\n\n\nThe Test Management function in LabLynx is very flexible, so you can create any kind of test you do, including any number of process steps, in the order you specify (a collection of processes is called a \"path\"), and include any number and types of parameters or analytes, each with its own specifications, limits, or range.\n\r\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n Test with custom path and multiple parameters and analytes\n\n\n\n\r\n\n\nInstrument-Parameter Mappings \n\n\r\n\nAs part of the required setup and training, any instruments used by the lab are entered into the Instrument Management area of the CannaQA LIMS. They can be interfaced so that orders and results are sent and received between your LabLynx CannaQA LIMS and the instrument, then the analytes (or parameters) must be \"mapped\" or translated so both entities speak a common language. This will be included if interfacing is selected as part of your solution package. Instructions on mapping parameters are also found in the LabLynx LIMS manual in the \"Test Management\" and \"Instrument Management\" sections.\n\r\n\n\nAdmin Training \n LIMS Administrator training is key to successful operationsThe LIMS administrator serves as the \"go-to\" person for anyone using the system, and is the primary contact for LabLynx, Inc., usually responsible for submitting any tickets to the help desk and for approving completed ones.\n\r\n\nLIMS administrator (admin) training is the centerpiece of required setup of any LabLynx LIMS solution. The manual is designed to support you in accomplishing setup and training, delivered as part of your package. Training is hands-on, with guidance and collaboration from highly trained, experienced LabLynx LIMS professionals, and it includes initial setup\/configuration. Training is conducted interactively online where it is recorded for reference and to help train others if\/when needed. \nThe setup tasks completed and trained on during admin training include:\n\n\nCore:\n\n User setup\n Report setup\n Test setup\n LIMS operation\n Help desk\nAdditional:\n\n Instrument setup\n Instrument-parameter mappings to the LIMS\n Inventory setup\n Picklist management\n Audit trail\n\n\r\n\nThis training is supported by the above topics and more in the online manuals.\n\nUser Training \nUser training is delivered by LabLynx, Inc. and managed in the help desk during implementation. Additionally, users make use of the manual and other LabLynx support resources. Training sessions are always online and recorded so that additional personnel may be trained later in a very cost-effective manner. Onsite training is also available if requested.\nUnlike admin training, user training is aimed at training staff on how to use the LIMS only in relation to their particular roles. For instance, a user who only enters test requests need not be taught how to batch samples and enter results. Different access profiles are assigned by the LIMS administrator to other users according to job function. User training focuses on their specific job functions with regard to your specific LabLynx LIMS solution.\n\r\n\nThe areas covered in user training include some or all of the following:\n\nContact management\nData entry\nData warehouse\nDocument management\nEntity management\nHelp desk\nInstrument management\nLIMS operation\nReports and labels\nSample backlogs\nSample receiving\n\r\n\nFor more on these topics, view them individually or refer to the manual.\n\nSystem Verification \nThe final step in the required setup of CannaQA LIMS is to review each of the functions by running trial samples through testing and reporting, including sample labels. This is called \"system verification.\" It is a verification that the system is functioning as designed and as contracted. \nThis is included in LabLynx setup services, and you can also use the manual and any other support resources to help you verify functionality. If setup and training have been completed successfully, then the User's Guide can serve as a guide to creating functional scripts for completing verification.\nIf validation to a certain standard or certification (not to be confused with \"verification\") is required (e.g., California requires ISO\/IEC 17025 accreditation), LabLynx will provide as much support to the accrediting agency as you need, including core test scripts and other documentation. The LabLynx CannaQA LIMS supports all applicable state and national standards and regulations.\n\nCustomization \nYour LabLynx solution is user-configurable so you can, from the beginning, do things such as:\n modify existing tests and assays;\n create your own tests and assays;\n set your own choices in drop-down picklists;\n hide or display fields;\n rename fields and make them required;\n upload your own logo for display on the results report; and\n make your own custom reports.\nHowever, your solution may also be customized, i.e., modified at the code level to your specifications and preferences through the purchase of custom plugins or hourly professional services. LabLynx's development professionals are at your service any time you want or need our help. Simply let us know what you want when you are defining your scope, or submit a request to the help desk at any time thereafter, and your system can be customized in any way you choose. Or, if you would like to directly access the back end yourself and do your own custom work, just select the Private Cloud dedicated server option and go to it on your own, though we'll still be here if you need us.\n\nThe Technical Stuff \nIf you are interested in doing your own customization, you can use standard non-proprietary languages like C#, JavaScript, VB Script, and SQL Server queries. The database is SQL Server, and you can also use any appropriate tools you would like to work with it. In fact, you can use SQL Services Reporting instead of the supplied Active Reports tool, if you prefer. We'll supply all table info you need, and we'll be happy to give you any information, materials, and general support you need.\nYou may be interested to know that core metadata tables have negative system ID valence, while added items carry a positive ID, helping keep any customization undisturbed when applying updates and upgrades. Looking to the future, we are considering technology like .Net core and jQuery, with the next major version to be released as Note JS with a PostgreSQL database. To integrate to our solutions, you can use REST API. Our LabVia interfacing management hardware-software module handles up to 10 separate nodes using Node Red SW and a Raspberry Pi custom box. Our solutions can be integrated to other software systems using ASTM, HL7, or proprietary protocols. We have also integrated to robotics, e.g. Hamilton PCR (VER NGS), and to cloud-based entities.\n\nIntegration \n Your LabLynx solution readily integrates with any other application, database, agency or device\/instrument that is capable of being interfaced. LabLynx offers interfacing options to meet whatever your needs dictate. You can include integration services in your initial scope or request them at any other time through the help desk.\nConnect your laboratory information system (LIS) to your electronic health record (EHR) so that patient information, assay requests and results are shared and automated. Also link instruments to the LIS so that requested assays are communicated to the instrument and results returned automatically to the LIS for review and reporting.\nThese and any other integrations\u2014e.g., to billing services, reference labs, or a patient portal\u2014are readily available, with many channels already in service for other customers and more released every day. Whatever it is, your integration plugin will be custom-configured to your unique needs.\nFor whatever integration needs your particular lab has\u2014e.g., LOINC or SNOMED LIMS integrations for your environmental or water lab, chromatography devices, agency reporting systems\u2014or any other kind of lab requirements you have, LabLynx will meet them for you.\n\nValidation \n An important reason why many choose to use a LIMS or an LIS to manage their lab data is to help in meeting regulatory requirements like ISO 17025, 21 CFR Part 11, CAP, CLIA, CAP, HIPAA, A2LA, Meaningful Use and more. LabLynx, Inc. data management solutions are designed to support all applicable standards and regulations, and validation services are available to validate the system to any of these.\nDuring the planning stages (see Requirements Checklist) you can specify any validation (or any other) services you require. These can also be contracted at any other time, by submitting a request to the help desk or contacting LabLynx, Inc. directly.\n\nGo-live assistance \nA final service offered for LabLynx customers is support for daily operations. No matter how much pre-planning was done and how carefully the system is implemented, there is always the chance of unforeseen complications when you are trying to begin processing real orders. Go-live assistance from LabLynx or one of our certified partners ensures you have instant support as you launch your system. You can obtain go-live support by specifying it when scoping out your solution, by submitting a request ticket to the help desk or contacting us directly.\nNo matter how reliable and intuitive the system, it's always better to have experienced support and guidance around when making that first launch into daily use. And a help desk subscription and full support are also provided per your ongoing subscription or service plan.\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Successful_Implementation_of_Your_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Successful_Implementation_of_Your_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitLabLynx ServicesELab manualsLabLynx ProductsWebLIMS ManualsLabLynx ManualsCannabisLIMS ManualSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLLX websiteIndustry SolutionsLabLynx Wiki booksCannaQA\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 4 April 2019, at 18:48.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 813 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","8377d24464ab18847fc56ac4d43dcb6d_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Successful_Implementation_of_Your_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Successful Implementation of Your Cannabis Testing LIMS<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\">\n\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Implementation_Overview\">Implementation Overview<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Fast_400px.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"0dd48a9efe8fc470cb01930651ba7d0a\"><img alt=\"Fast 400px.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a7\/Fast_400px.png\/200px-Fast_400px.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" \/><\/a><\/div>If you have ever survived an enterprise-class software installation, you'll be relieved to know that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> implementations are not like that. Our solutions are deliberately designed to be implemented quickly and with a minimum of fuss. Whether you are simply setting up your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">LIMS<\/a>, incorporating special customization and\/or integration, or something in-between, the roll-out period is as smooth, efficient and pain-free as possible. Most setup is done through the user front end of the app itself, especially in the case of your cannabis lab's <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">CannaQA LIMS<\/a>, without the need for a development process. And training is done hands-on as you learn, from creating any additional tests you like with the limits\/ranges you want to setting your own picklist choices and more, it can all be done in real time with an experienced instructor, and recorded for your convenience so you can share with others and review any time you want.\n<p>Standard implementation is quick and simple, with your solution online and ready to be set up the same day you sign your sales agreement. Users can follow the manual as our experienced staff work alongside you to set up any additional tests\/ranges, lab information, additional users, clients, vendors, contract labs, instruments, inventory and\/or other items included in initial setup, and learn how to use the system. Unlimited forum support is always included with your account.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\nSetup and training sessions, as well as any of a number of other features and services, can begin as soon as you are ready. Your implementation can include any of a number of components, depending on your particular solution and preferences. These can include:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Setup_%26_Training_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Setup & Training - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"df107d57043c3a6721eddbc68648c4f2\"><b>Setup and training<\/b><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Customization\" title=\"Customization\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"5f012eb93416d3f69d3c55e447a0470a\"><b>Customization<\/b><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Integration\" title=\"Integration\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"d73eb90a16386321a3652ed9d1d59855\"><b>Integration<\/b><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Validation\" title=\"Validation\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"5cce1d3fcecaffba0ce55218beb41eb6\"><b>Validation<\/b><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Go_Live_Assistance\" title=\"Go Live Assistance\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" data-key=\"28fb7c1b09d2771ca9963eab74de8ed8\"><b>Go-live assistance<\/b><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"LIMS_Implementation\">LIMS Implementation<\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Setup_.26_Training\">Setup & Training<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Correct setup and training are crucial to the successful implementation and daily operation of your system. These services are normally included as part of your solution package, with manual materials and additional support team resources as backup.\n<\/p><p>Elements of standard setup and training include:\n<\/p>\n<ol><li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Set_Up_Users-LIMS\" title=\"Set Up Users-LIMS\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"bb8a4e15c0efa1ce8dcdee15fa3ceaf2\"><b>Set up users<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Report_Setup_Info_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Report Setup Info - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"049fcf075a4fe950e6fc94c4e06d12c9\"><b>Report setup<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Test_Setup-Cannabis\" title=\"Test Setup-Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"c4015993350ee971a473d4654094db96\"><b>Test setup<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Instrument-Parameter_Mappings-Cannabis\" title=\"Instrument-Parameter Mappings-Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"1fd222d9cd00bd76a9ff911def3f12e3\"><b>Instrument-parameter mappings<\/b><\/a> (if instrument interfaces are desired)<\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Admin_Training\" title=\"Admin Training\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"65485b2d0b033b01888131df91a96088\"><b>Admin training<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=User_Training\" title=\"User Training\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"51c505517192c339ffb41c13053fbf55\"><b>User training<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=System_Verification\" title=\"System Verification\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"b9f4d4ff1a1dfbe3f25e199deb55e14c\"><b>System verification<\/b><\/a> (can be factored into each process)<\/li><\/ol>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Set_Up_Users\">Set Up Users<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:682px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Lab_Manager_Profile_Assign.PNG\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"bdb8395ef656a8264084efbcbfae995f\"><img alt=\"Lab Manager Profile Assign.PNG\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/ff\/Lab_Manager_Profile_Assign.PNG\/680px-Lab_Manager_Profile_Assign.PNG\" class=\"thumbimage\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Lab_Manager_Profile_Assign.PNG\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"bdb8395ef656a8264084efbcbfae995f\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>The first thing that is done once the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">LabLynx LIMS<\/a> application has been initially provisioned on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary#LabLynx_Cloud_Infrastructure\" title=\"Glossary\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"7fbac1adc38c4da453b14de40f8562a6\">LabLynx cloud infrastructure<\/a> is the setup of at least one user, usually the main LIMS administrator. The online manual supports administrators with step-by-step instructions on setting up users in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=User_Management\" title=\"User Management\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f059bfeba4e612bbe9248a42b64b5c10\">User Management<\/a> section. Default role-based access profiles already exist in the system, making it quick and easy to assign to users. (You can also copy and make changes to create new profiles with slightly different custom access privileges.)\n<p>Your LabLynx implementation engineer will help and instruct you, showing you how to set up users, including login ID and password, password expiration, inactivity auto-logout, etc., level of access and more. \n<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Assign_profiles\">Assign profiles<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>When setting up a user in the LIMS, a profile must be assigned that specifies the access level the user is allowed. For example, here are three default access level profiles that meet most standard laboratory needs:\n<\/p>\n<ol><li><b>LIMS administrator<\/b>: This is the top level of access, and it allows all administrative LIMS functions.<\/li>\n<li><b>Lab analyst<\/b>: This is the standard lab user, with the profile designed for all standard laboratory functions.<\/li>\n<li><b>Office staff<\/b>: This profile allows submitting of test requests\/orders and viewing\/issuing of reports. It does not allow results data entry or other laboratory activities.<\/li><\/ol>\n<p>As shown in the screenshot, access levels can be different for the same individual for each department or lab site. Again, the assignment of these profiles is performed during setup and training, described in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=User_Management\" title=\"User Management\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f059bfeba4e612bbe9248a42b64b5c10\">User Management<\/a> section of the manual. Your particular access profiles will vary according to your specific requirements, and you can add and\/or modify profiles to suit your needs.\n<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Report_Setup_Info\">Report Setup Info<\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"3ffaac032667f438f4d3fff5928ae16e\"><img alt=\"California Cannabis Standard Report Page 1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c8\/California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg\/600px-California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>Your LabLynx CannaQA cannabis LIMS solution comes with a standard certificate of analysis (COA) report template already included based on your state or national requirements (see example). Setup will include simply adding your own lab logo, contact information, and authorized signatures. Any desired additions or modifications to notes, disclaimers, etc. may also be done if requested. Several other standard reports are also provided with the LIMS, including a barcode sample label (for the purposes of the LIMS, this is categorized as a report), turnaround time (TAT) report, bench worksheet, and sample backlog report. You can of course request additional reports. The LabLynx Report Builder app is also included with your solution, so you can also choose to make your own modifications or additional reports.\n<p>The dedicated report builder allows you to create and edit report templates of any kind, including sample, inventory, and product labels. You can choose to have a barcode on the label (or on any report), since the CannaQA LIMS supports both one- and two-dimensional barcodes of any type. And we keep up with the changing laws, regulations, and standards not only locally but also worldwide, so you can be sure your reports and product labels are compliant.\n<\/p><p>The LabLynx Report Builder is based on Active Reports and works like most report tools you may be familiar with, such as Crystal or SQL Services Reporting. The work area includes header, footer, and data sections, with controls that allow you to drag and drop elements such as images, data fields, line separators, etc. where you want them. It also supports the use of logic statements and calculations, such as the ability to display a given result or result range as \"pass\" or \"fail,\" display only the fields for tests that were actually performed, populate charts and graphs, and more.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Test_Setup\">Test Setup<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Probably the most important part of the LabLynx CannaQA LIMS setup is setting up the tests used in the lab. If this isn't correct and complete, then the LIMS core functionality is also jeopardized. Test setup training is included as part of standard setup and training provided by LabLynx. Instructions on how to perform test setup are also included in the online manual. \n<\/p><p>There are a number of test profiles specific to cannabis analysis that can be included in our LabLynx CannaQA LIMS, including some with calculated results. You can load the tests yourself, which is time-consuming, or you can choose to have them pre-loaded, with the limit sets required by your state or country. Tests include:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<ul><li> Cannabinoid Profile\n<ul><li> CBC<\/li>\n<li> CBD<\/li>\n<li> CBD-A<\/li>\n<li> CBG<\/li>\n<li> d8-THC<\/li>\n<li> d9-THC<\/li>\n<li> THC-A<\/li>\n<li> Total CBD<\/li>\n<li> Total THC<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> Edible Cannabinoid Profile\n<ul><li> <i>As above, plus:<\/i><\/li>\n<li> Total CBD mg\/g<\/li>\n<li> Total THC mg\/g<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> GCMS Accredited Pesticide\n<ul><li> Azoxystrobin D-4 (Surr)<\/li>\n<li> Chlorfenapyr (Low Recovery)<\/li>\n<li> Cyfluthrin (Low Recovery)<\/li>\n<li> Cypermethrin<\/li>\n<li> Dichlorvos D-6 (IS)<\/li>\n<li> Methyl parathion<\/li>\n<li> Permethrin (both)<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> GCMS R&D Pesticide\n<ul><li> <i>As GCMS Accredited Pesticide<\/i><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> LCMS Accredited Pesticide\n<ul><li> <i>Too many analytes to list (54)<\/i><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> LCMS R&D Pesticide\n<ul><li> <i>As LCMS Accredited Pesticide<\/i><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> Mold & Mildew\n<ul><li> Total Mold<\/li>\n<li> Total Yeast<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> Residual Solvent\n<ul><li> <i>Too many analytes to list (22)<\/i><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> Terpene\n<ul><li> <i>Too many analytes to list (19)<\/i><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> Water Activity<\/li><\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Each of these can also include mandatory review steps. There are ~1000 parameters (analytes) in your LabLynx CannaQA LIMS solution by default. But any tests that you want to use may need their parameters, ranges, limits, or specifications adjusted, instrument assigned, etc. before being activated and published for use. Additional new tests may be created if necessary. Results may include any alphanumeric values, including symbols (e.g., \"<\" and \">\"), and may also be selectable, with user-defined choices (e.g., \"present,\" \"ND,\" \"neg\/pos,\" etc.), with multi-select also available.\n<\/p><p>If instruments are to be integrated, parameters must be mapped between the instrument and the LabLynx LIMS. This will be conducted as part of your LabLynx integration service. Instructions are in the manual as well, if you would like to review.\n<\/p><p>Additionally, any set of tests may be grouped as test panels, groups, or profiles (use the term you prefer) and assigned in a single click to samples. This is included in setup and training, and instructions are also provided in the \"Test Group Management\" section of the online manual.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Test_List.PNG\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"e88546eb4a12d6837e882f831a7823ea\"><img alt=\"Test List.PNG\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/9\/91\/Test_List.PNG\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a>\n<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div>\n<table style=\"\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"\">\n\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"> <blockquote><i>The LabLynx CannaQA LIMS can be delivered pre-loaded with all of the standard and required tests, parameters, and analytes.<\/i><\/blockquote>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n<p>The Test Management function in LabLynx is very flexible, so you can create any kind of test you do, including any number of process steps, in the order you specify (a collection of processes is called a \"path\"), and include any number and types of parameters or analytes, each with its own specifications, limits, or range.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Test_Example.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"8fdcb6d2be905d91bc9e1d3f36b98cba\"><img alt=\"Test Example.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/13\/Test_Example.png\/700px-Test_Example.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a>\n<\/p>\n<div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div>\n<table style=\"\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n<table border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"\">\n\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\"> <blockquote><i>Test with custom path and multiple parameters and analytes<\/i><\/blockquote>\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Instrument-Parameter_Mappings\">Instrument-Parameter Mappings<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Instrument_Parameter_Mapping_Cannabis.PNG\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"74d77af91704391ef335159aa6c3db29\"><img alt=\"Instrument Parameter Mapping Cannabis.PNG\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/9\/94\/Instrument_Parameter_Mapping_Cannabis.PNG\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\nAs part of the required setup and training, any instruments used by the lab are entered into the Instrument Management area of the CannaQA LIMS. They can be interfaced so that orders and results are sent and received between your LabLynx CannaQA LIMS and the instrument, then the analytes (or parameters) must be \"mapped\" or translated so both entities speak a common language. This will be included if interfacing is selected as part of your solution package. Instructions on mapping parameters are also found in the LabLynx LIMS manual in the \"Test Management\" and \"Instrument Management\" sections.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Admin_Training\">Admin Training<\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:202px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:LIMS_Admin_Training.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"3c46bca80fb14e437e37cc5c2f26e70a\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/24\/LIMS_Admin_Training.jpg\/200px-LIMS_Admin_Training.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:LIMS_Admin_Training.jpg\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"3c46bca80fb14e437e37cc5c2f26e70a\"><\/a><\/div>LIMS Administrator training is key to successful operations<\/div><\/div><\/div>The LIMS administrator serves as the \"go-to\" person for anyone using the system, and is the primary contact for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a>, usually responsible for submitting any tickets to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">help desk<\/a> and for approving completed ones.\n<p><br \/>\nLIMS administrator (admin) training is the centerpiece of required setup of any <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"af11524bb547443b6ba7ea81b39e7f59\">LabLynx LIMS<\/a> solution. The manual is designed to support you in accomplishing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Setup_%26_Training_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Setup & Training - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"df107d57043c3a6721eddbc68648c4f2\">setup and training<\/a>, delivered as part of your package. Training is hands-on, with guidance and collaboration from highly trained, experienced LabLynx LIMS professionals, and it includes initial setup\/configuration. Training is conducted interactively online where it is recorded for reference and to help train others if\/when needed. \n<\/p><p>The setup tasks completed and trained on during admin training include:\n<\/p>\n<div style=\"column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2\">\n<p>Core:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=User_Management\" title=\"User Management\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f059bfeba4e612bbe9248a42b64b5c10\"><b>User setup<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Report_Setup_Info-LIMS\" title=\"Report Setup Info-LIMS\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"d0910b1df095eafa0d77631fb2b38e0b\"><b>Report setup<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Test_Setup-Cannabis\" title=\"Test Setup-Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"c4015993350ee971a473d4654094db96\"><b>Test setup<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LIMS_Operation_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LIMS Operation - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"36e4a4e82178da57634ee159d8e8eea9\"><b>LIMS operation<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\"><b>Help desk<\/b><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Additional:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Instrument_management\" title=\"Instrument management\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ed9311c4f19f707d7f0b18b59b0dcf30\"><b>Instrument setup<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Instrument-Parameter_Mappings-Cannabis\" title=\"Instrument-Parameter Mappings-Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"1fd222d9cd00bd76a9ff911def3f12e3\">Instrument-parameter mappings to the LIMS<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Lab_Inventory\" title=\"Lab Inventory\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ff5308735c769253a104180e3f07782a\"><b>Inventory setup<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Picklist_Management\" title=\"Picklist Management\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e9f1ca12ad913223b1ee9a8ca5301708\"><b>Picklist management<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Audit_Trail\" title=\"Audit Trail\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"5f5de4e22c06c5e3df418da1afd50ff8\"><b>Audit trail<\/b><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><br \/>\nThis training is supported by the above topics and more in the online manuals.\n<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"User_Training\">User Training<\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Admin_Training.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"286c8416d7350d2a5e860f45ad8e892b\"><img alt=\"Admin Training.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/78\/Admin_Training.jpg\/260px-Admin_Training.jpg\" width=\"260\" height=\"173\" \/><\/a><\/div>User training is delivered by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> and managed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">help desk<\/a> during implementation. Additionally, users make use of the manual and other LabLynx support resources. Training sessions are always online and recorded so that additional personnel may be trained later in a very cost-effective manner. Onsite training is also available if requested.\n<p>Unlike admin training, user training is aimed at training staff on how to use the LIMS only in relation to their particular roles. For instance, a user who only enters test requests need not be taught how to batch samples and enter results. Different access profiles are assigned by the LIMS administrator to other users according to job function. User training focuses on their specific job functions with regard to your specific <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"af11524bb547443b6ba7ea81b39e7f59\">LabLynx LIMS<\/a> solution.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\nThe areas covered in user training include some or all of the following:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Contact_Management\" title=\"Contact Management\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"17858cc302ef324822e319e218989fbb\">Contact management<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Data_entry_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Data entry - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"64d252a7273a43745edfb684ede40034\">Data entry<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Data_Warehouse_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Data Warehouse - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"0cf5c4bbeef8839117991034327bb4b8\">Data warehouse<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Document_Management\" title=\"Document Management\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"cc71ed32547a90f9ca34e5a3481e1fae\">Document management<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Receiving_-_01.0_Entity_management_-_ELab\" title=\"Receiving - 01.0 Entity management - ELab\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"46601196c707531b611a01c9afbe4a08\">Entity management<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">Help desk<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Instrument_Management\" title=\"Instrument Management\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" data-key=\"ee32a07172c2e5e052dc6be3009da839\">Instrument management<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LIMS-LIS_Operation\" title=\"LIMS-LIS Operation\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"d69be5ef0e55c0906bb43818a48015d2\">LIMS operation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Reports_and_Labels_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Reports and Labels - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"243aaa642d52d65e4a8719cf9208ed91\">Reports and labels<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Sample_Backlog\" title=\"Sample Backlog\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e150bf735130bbe24c161f0740c142d5\">Sample backlogs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Sample_Receiving_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Sample Receiving - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e28c7d33461ca7fc6bd3892cd02cc290\">Sample receiving<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\nFor more on these topics, view them individually or refer to the manual.\n<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"System_Verification\">System Verification<\/span><\/h5>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Verify.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"11f12138e1c80c8b4cb8ede7b8fcf0d8\"><img alt=\"Verify.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Verify.jpg\/120px-Verify.jpg\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" \/><\/a><\/div>The final step in the required setup of CannaQA LIMS is to review each of the functions by running trial samples through testing and reporting, including sample labels. This is called \"system verification.\" It is a verification that the system is functioning as designed and as contracted. \n<p>This is included in LabLynx setup services, and you can also use the manual and any other support resources to help you verify functionality. If setup and training have been completed successfully, then the User's Guide can serve as a guide to creating functional scripts for completing verification.\n<\/p><p>If validation to a certain standard or certification (not to be confused with \"verification\") is required (e.g., California requires ISO\/IEC 17025 accreditation), LabLynx will provide as much support to the accrediting agency as you need, including core test scripts and other documentation. The LabLynx CannaQA LIMS supports all applicable state and national standards and regulations.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Customization\">Customization<\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Customise.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"7b3ee9d1e2a4dfb166804d5461560d71\"><img alt=\"Customise.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Customise.png\/230px-Customise.png\" width=\"230\" height=\"250\" \/><\/a><\/div>Your LabLynx solution is user-configurable so you can, from the beginning, do things such as:\n<ul><li> modify existing tests and assays;<\/li>\n<li> create your own tests and assays;<\/li>\n<li> set your own choices in drop-down picklists;<\/li>\n<li> hide or display fields;<\/li>\n<li> rename fields and make them required;<\/li>\n<li> upload your own logo for display on the results report; and<\/li>\n<li> make your own custom reports.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>However, your solution may also be customized, i.e., modified at the code level to your specifications and preferences through the purchase of custom plugins or hourly professional services. LabLynx's development professionals are at your service any time you want or need our help. Simply let us know what you want when you are defining your scope, or submit a request to the help desk at any time thereafter, and your system can be customized in any way you choose. Or, if you would like to directly access the back end yourself and do your own custom work, just select the Private Cloud dedicated server option and go to it on your own, though we'll still be here if you need us.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"The_Technical_Stuff\">The Technical Stuff<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>If you are interested in doing your own customization, you can use standard non-proprietary languages like C#, JavaScript, VB Script, and SQL Server queries. The database is SQL Server, and you can also use any appropriate tools you would like to work with it. In fact, you can use SQL Services Reporting instead of the supplied Active Reports tool, if you prefer. We'll supply all table info you need, and we'll be happy to give you any information, materials, and general support you need.\n<\/p><p>You may be interested to know that core metadata tables have negative system ID valence, while added items carry a positive ID, helping keep any customization undisturbed when applying updates and upgrades. Looking to the future, we are considering technology like .Net core and jQuery, with the next major version to be released as Note JS with a PostgreSQL database. To integrate to our solutions, you can use REST API. Our LabVia interfacing management hardware-software module handles up to 10 separate nodes using Node Red SW and a Raspberry Pi custom box. Our solutions can be integrated to other software systems using ASTM, HL7, or proprietary protocols. We have also integrated to robotics, e.g. Hamilton PCR (VER NGS), and to cloud-based entities.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Integration\">Integration<\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:HCH_Integration_Diagram.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"3677f7e811e6817c22754017fa1aacd7\"><img alt=\"HCH Integration Diagram.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c0\/HCH_Integration_Diagram.png\/300px-HCH_Integration_Diagram.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:HCH_Integration_Diagram.png\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"3677f7e811e6817c22754017fa1aacd7\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx<\/a> solution readily integrates with any other application, database, agency or device\/instrument that is capable of being interfaced. LabLynx offers interfacing options to meet whatever your needs dictate. You can include integration services in your initial scope or request them at any other time through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">help desk<\/a>.\n<p>Connect your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary#LIS\" title=\"Glossary\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"84325abf36138b75135b66614a88a719\">laboratory information system<\/a> (LIS) to your electronic health record (EHR) so that patient information, assay requests and results are shared and automated. Also link instruments to the LIS so that requested assays are communicated to the instrument and results returned automatically to the LIS for review and reporting.\n<\/p><p>These and any other integrations\u2014e.g., to billing services, reference labs, or a patient portal\u2014are readily available, with many channels already in service for other customers and more released every day. Whatever it is, your integration plugin will be custom-configured to your unique needs.\n<\/p><p>For whatever integration needs your particular lab has\u2014e.g., LOINC or SNOMED LIMS integrations for your environmental or water lab, chromatography devices, agency reporting systems\u2014or any other kind of lab requirements you have, LabLynx will meet them for you.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Validation\">Validation<\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Validation-V.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"391581c888c661d6e56295507cb76bfe\"><img alt=\"Validation-V.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Validation-V.png\/300px-Validation-V.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"164\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Validation-V.png\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"391581c888c661d6e56295507cb76bfe\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>An important reason why many choose to use a LIMS or an LIS to manage their lab data is to help in meeting regulatory requirements like ISO 17025, 21 CFR Part 11, CAP, CLIA, CAP, HIPAA, A2LA, Meaningful Use and more. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> data management solutions are designed to support all applicable standards and regulations, and validation services are available to validate the system to any of these.\n<p>During the planning stages (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Requirements_Checklist\" title=\"Requirements Checklist\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4c355a1a7af1bc260c3680ade91091be\">Requirements Checklist<\/a>) you can specify any validation (or any other) services you require. These can also be contracted at any other time, by submitting a request to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">help desk<\/a> or contacting <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> directly.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Go-live_assistance\">Go-live assistance<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>A final service offered for LabLynx customers is support for daily operations. No matter how much pre-planning was done and how carefully the system is implemented, there is always the chance of unforeseen complications when you are trying to begin processing real orders. Go-live assistance from LabLynx or one of our certified partners ensures you have instant support as you launch your system. You can obtain go-live support by specifying it when scoping out your solution, by submitting a request ticket to the help desk or contacting us directly.\n<\/p><p>No matter how reliable and intuitive the system, it's always better to have experienced support and guidance around when making that first launch into daily use. And a help desk subscription and full support are also provided per your ongoing subscription or service plan.\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.036 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.082 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 71\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 182\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 34422\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 3\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Successful_Implementation_of_Your_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Successful_Implementation_of_Your_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","8377d24464ab18847fc56ac4d43dcb6d_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/a\/a7\/Fast_400px.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/f\/ff\/Lab_Manager_Profile_Assign.PNG","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c8\/California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg\/1200px-California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/9\/91\/Test_List.PNG","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/1\/13\/Test_Example.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/9\/94\/Instrument_Parameter_Mapping_Cannabis.PNG","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/24\/LIMS_Admin_Training.jpg\/400px-LIMS_Admin_Training.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/7\/78\/Admin_Training.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Verify.jpg\/240px-Verify.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Customise.png\/460px-Customise.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c0\/HCH_Integration_Diagram.png\/600px-HCH_Integration_Diagram.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Validation-V.png\/600px-Validation-V.png"],"8377d24464ab18847fc56ac4d43dcb6d_timestamp":1610467637,"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07_type":"article","e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07_title":"LIMS for Cannabis Testing","e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis","e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tLabLynx LIMS - Cannabis \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t Lab tech at GC\/FIDThe LabLynx LIMS for cannabis testing labs, CannaQA LIMS, is the premier professional LIMS (laboratory information management system) especially configured to provide the accurate and speedy results, certificates of analysis (COA), reports, regulatory compliance, including integration with track-and-trace systems such as Metrc, BioTracTHC and Leaf, and other aspects of data management required for successful, cost-effective operation in today's highly competitive and fast-growing cannabis testing market. It supports full ISO\/IEC 17025 and ISO 9001:2015 compliance, ASA (Americans for Safe Access) and PFC (Patient Focused Accreditation), GLP\/GALP, 21 CFR Part 11 and all state regulatory requirements. All types of testing are supported, including any you set up yourself:\n Potency\n Terpenes\n Strain (terpene\/cannabinoid ratios)\n Residual solvents\n Pesticides\n Heavy metals\n Water activity\n Moisture content\n Foreign materials\n Mold and microbiological contaminants\nLabLynx also includes inventory and instrument management, as well as configurable pricing and invoicing by client, test or other criteria, with the ability to apply discounts, special pricing, etc. so you have a complete business solution for your lab. And LabLynx is cloud-hosted so you don't need a costly bank of servers and an IT department, just a web browser on your PC, laptop, mobile devices or tablet. \nAdditionally, the LabLynx CannaQA LIMS is extremely user-configurable, able to adapt to any future regulations or standards, and also support additional types of services your lab may choose to provide over time - providing unmatched lifespan and return on investment (ROI).\n\nContents\n\n1 Types of testing \n2 Standards and regulations \n3 Workflows \n4 Complete integrated system \n5 Other options \n6 Integration plugins \n\n6.1 LabVia \n\n6.1.1 LabVia Hub \n6.1.2 LabVia Cloud \n\n\n\n\n7 Report plugins \n8 Module plugins \n\n8.1 Portal \n8.2 Alerts \n8.3 Auto-fax\/Email \n8.4 Invoicing \n8.5 Data warehouse \n8.6 Training tracking \n8.7 Storage management \n8.8 Object tracker \n8.9 Scheduling \n8.10 Validation \n8.11 Custom plugins \n\n\n9 Community-based platform: The way forward \n10 Learn more now \n\n\n\nTypes of testing \nLabLynx supports absolutely any type of testing and any instrumentation. That means for any aspect of the industry\u2014from research to seed, soil and fertilizer testing\u2014LabLynx has you covered. Our solution for cannabis testing labs is configured specifically for most cannabis labs, optimized for the tests mentioned above, including THC, THCA, CBD, CBDA, CBG and CBN for dry weight percentages, and more, for all types of chromatography and spectrometry. All specs and ranges are easily adjusted for any given state regulations and can even be pre-loaded for your lab. Enter results manually or through uni- or bi-directional interfaced instruments. The system also provides a dedicated report designer and standard required report templates.\nWhether medical or recreational, LabLynx provides the system for all the tests you need to perform.\n\nStandards and regulations \nRegulations that apply to cannabis labs vary from state to state, and even municipally (e.g., labeling requirements), but universal standards like ISO 17025 and the related ISO 9001:2005\/2015 still apply. LabLynx already assists many labs across a variety of industries with meeting their ISO requirements through use of the LabLynx LIMS, and cannabis labs are no exception. In the case of cannabis labs specifically, LabLynx stays abreast of each state's regulations and ensures that your system is set up accordingly so that your certifications are never at risk and you adhere to requirements.\nAll of the standards and regulations in the chapter on regulatory compliance are supported by the LabLynx LIMS Solution for Cannabis, as well as clinical and other industry-specific standards that are typical to the LabLynx LIMS.\n\nWorkflows \nWorkflows in LabLynx are set up according to the tests' requirements, including appropriate process steps, with any required prep, automatic QC sample inclusion, review, report review, issuance and archiving. Samples may be submitted either in person or via the online LabLynx secure web portal, with full barcoded chain of custody (COC) storage location, possession and status tracking. \n\r\n\n\nSample submission\/receiving detail screen - Initial section\n\r\n\nSample submission and receiving is, by design, simple and quick. Only minimal information is designated as mandatory (you can adjust that for your own preferences) so that samples can be accepted into the lab ready for testing. Additional information can be added at any time. Due date, priority, disposal requirements and much more are supported, along with any comments\/notes. Tests can be automatically assigned based on sample type or based on client or other criteria, along with specs\/limits and pricing. And they can just as easily be unassigned or changed (as long as they are not already underway).\n\r\n\n\n\r\n\nAny associated files, documents, images, etc. may also be easily and quickly uploaded and linked with the sample (or order\/group of samples), e.g., COC, test request form, product image upon receipt, etc.\nSamples may be received either as groups (orders\/lots) or singly, and upon receipt the LIMS offers the option to print barcoded labels. Once labeled, the samples may be moved to any storage locations in the lab, transferred outside the lab (e.g., 3rd-party contract lab testing), and have their ownership\/possession changed and be disposed of according to requirements, with full traceability and documentation. Additionally, sample statuses are automatically updated in the system, from initial \"logged\" status to \"assigned\" (test(s) assigned), to \"under testing\" and \"complete\", or \"canceled\", with various sub-statuses also configurable. \n\r\n\n\n\r\n\nOnce received, samples may be batched together by process\/instrument for bulk processing, with unique system-generated sample IDs (configured according to your format preferences, i.e., \"yy\/mm\/dd-sample no.\") to ensure accurate tracking, testing and results reporting. Sample IDs may be automatically uploaded to instruments and\/or tied to results values to populate the COA and\/or other reports.\n\r\n\n\n\n\nComplete integrated system \nLike all LabLynx LIMS solutions, the LabLynx CannaQA LIMS for cannabis labs readily interfaces to any and all instruments, software or reporting agencies you require. Many startups will elect to get up and operational in the shortest time possible, entering results manually at first, and linking instruments to the system one by one as income increases. Other systems like metrc' can also be interfaced with your LIMS, providing a comprehensive data management solution that addresses all of the unique requirements of a cannabis testing lab. Or if you are engaged in research, use it to link collaborative efforts and\/or update results remotely. Take metrics remotely as you monitor growing techniques and upload them instantly to the system. Accept online test requests using the LabLynx web portal function and issue reports and COAs the same way. Any kinds of integrations you need are available by default in the LabLynx LIMS for Cannabis Labs.\n\nOther options \n \nThe LabLynx CannaQA LIMS for cannabis labs is far more than just a laboratory information management system. It is a complete comprehensive platform of features and benefits tailored for you and your lab, no matter which type of testing you do within the cannabis industry. It contains all of the features and functions you need for your lab's operations. But there are also a number of additional feature and function plug-ins available to be added to your system, including integration with other systems\u2014including METRC (currently certified in Oregon and Colorado), SICPA, BiotrackTHC and Leaf, or ERPs like MJ Freeway\u2014or devices\/instruments, and\/or other modules. LabLynx even offers hardware add-ons that include lab equipment\/devices like testing instruments, as well as label printers and scanners, and IT hardware like PCs, hubs, cabling and more.\nAny of these can be chosen as implementation options, available either initially or at any time thereafter. Choose from among them to define what you want now, and for the short, medium and long term, or decide to add on to your system whenever you like. Just let us know.\nIn a real sense all implementation and plugins are services, because where a feature or function exists it costs only to activate or configure it. Where it doesn't, it costs to develop it. All services are listed and discussed in the Services and Implementation Options sections of the LabLynx Solutions Manual.\nThe exception to that is hardware and supplies, which are available through our sciCloud.net® Community Marketplace.\nYour LabLynx LIMS benefits include the options to add any of a range of additional features and functions through plugins. These items let you grow your system in modular fashion so you can add what you want when you want, in your own time and on your own budget. The LabLynx CannaQA LIMS for cannabis is a complete LIMS on its own, but it also gives you the ability to scale up and out as you grow your lab's offerings, or as you progressively increase automation to save time and money while increasing productivity and quality, and ensuring compliance. Plug-ins make it simple, quick and affordable.\nTo include plugins or hardware add-ons in your LIMS solution package, either make your selections initially when talking to your LabLynx, Inc. representative, or you can submit them any time thereafter through the Help Desk.\n\nIntegration plugins \nLabVia \nYour LabLynx LIMS can interface with anything that has an API. Or it can interface through file sharing. Basically, anything that can be interfaced can be interfaced to the LabLynx, Inc. LIMS, using our exclusive LabVia solution.\n\r\n\n\nWhile the LabLynx LIMS and many of the other apps in the LabLynx and sciCloud.net® libraries readily share files with instruments and other systems, there are also situations where the integration required is more complex. For those we have LabVia, LabLynx's exclusive middleware and hub hardware\/software product, available through sciCloud.net® to manage your connections and data sharing.\nLabVia intelligently manages multiple data communications between all kinds of devices, services, systems or other sources.\n\r\n\nUse LabVia to connect with:\n\n SDMS, MES, PLM, DMS, EHR\/EMRs, PMS or other Systems\/Software or Databases\n LIMS or other Laboratory Information Systems LabVia Middleware Hub\n Instruments\n Field Devices, Mobile, Hand-held etc.\n POC Devices\n Billing Services\n Regulatory\/Reporting Agencies\n Reference or Contract Labs\n More...\n\r\n\nLabVia is available as an option with all sciCloud.net® and LabLynx solutions. \n\nLabVia Hub \nThe onsite part of the LabVia solution is the LabVia Hub. It is a hardware\/software product that provides a central nexus point for all of the integrated nodes (instruments\/devices, software applications etc.), intelligently managing their data. Full instructions on installation and setup are provided, and a LabLynx professional will guide you through the process. Or, if you prefer, we can come onsite and install it for you, ensuring all interfaced data points communicate properly. Many systems need only be able to provide files that your sciCloud.net® Solution can access to process and report, and\/or be able to receive sample information from the LIMS. If serial connections are required, then a LabVia channel is utilized, and your hub will link up with the cloud-based software portion of LabVia to ensure perfect data routing and management.\n\nLabVia Cloud \nThe cloud portion of LabVia is hosted for you in our Cloud Platform (IaaS), keeping your integrations securely managed in real time. And any time you need more integrations (e.g. you buy new instruments that you'd like to interface with your system), we can add a new channel for you that is configured to transfer the data you want, in the ways you want them.\nYou can forget about the details and concentrate on your own work, secure in the knowledge that your interfaces will continue functioning perfectly for as long as you have them. All maintenance, support and warranty is included in your annual agreement.\nIf you'd like more information about LabVia or you have questions about integration of your devices, services and\/or applications, contact sciCloud.net® Support, search the Marketplace for qualified services or contact LabLynx at LabLynx Contact Us, or give us a call at 770.859.1992 or toll-free at 800.585.5969.\n\nReport plugins \nLabLynx, Inc. has many other available report and\/or label plugins besides those included with your specific LIMS solution.\nThese include both internal management reports, like turnaround time (TAT), annual\/monthly workload, sample disposal, training and productivity reports, etc., as well as any custom formal reports with logo, header, etc. Sample label sizes and designs can also be added to suit your needs, with or without barcodes. Your solution includes the LabLynx Report Writer, so you can modify existing report templates and\/or create new ones any time you like. Or contact LabLynx, Inc. to have them delivered for you so you can concentrate on your lab.\n\nModule plugins \nPortal \nThe LabLynx CannaQA LIMS for Cannabis works very well in conjunction with any existing client portal. You can elect to integrate and pass order statuses and results reports so they may be viewed securely, as well as emailed alerts when they are ready, etc. If you don't have an existing portal, choose the LabLynx Portal Plug-In and upgrade the customer experience while freeing you and your staff from answering phone inquiries and calling clients. The portal functions as a web-based test requesting platform, as well as allowing clients to securely review sample status and results reports.\nAlerts \nThe useful Alerts plug-in library includes email notifications based on events, like completed assays\/analyses, completed entire orders\/requests, out-of-range results, impending expiration of specimens, reagents, matrices, etc., or according to schedules (QC, calibrations, patient monitoring or other regular collections, etc.). \nEven re-certifications\/training, conventions or any other item can be set to alert you so you stay on top of your schedules and work, even if they aren't lab-related. Whether you simply need internal user alerts or notifications in conjunction with the Auto-Fax\/Email plug-in, the LabLynx team will set up alerts for whatever needs you have.\n\nAuto-fax\/Email \nIn the same way that alerts can be generated based on events or schedules, results reports or other items can be set up to be faxed, displayed on a portal site or emailed to designated parties using the LabLynx LIMS' Auto-fax\/Email plug-in.\n\nInvoicing \nInvoicing based on assays\/tests, straight from the LIMS, can be easily added to your capabilities with the LabLynx Invoicing plug-in. Insurance companies, patient information and lab assay histories are all securely stored in your LIMS, and the Invoicing plug-in pulls the appropriate data to ensure accurate and timely billing. Bill direct or integrate with a billing service; it's up to you with the LabLynx LIMS Invoicing plug-in.\n\nData warehouse \nIt's very useful to be able to pull any historical results and their associated information dynamically, according to immediate, ad hoc needs and criteria. The Data Warehouse plug-in makes all historical data available to authorized users, who can filter for exactly what they are looking for by date range, test, client, project, sample type or any other criteria.\nYou always have the archived reports. But if you want to compare or review a collection of data based on specific criteria, the Data Warehouse plug-in will make it happen for you. And the data are exportable as an Excel file that you can further analyse, graph, etc.\n\nTraining tracking \nKeep track of all certifications and their history, along with dates of next required courses, etc. Make sure you aren't at risk of being out of compliance by having expired certifications for any regulated testing, or just generally keep track of training planning and completion.\nThe Training Tracking plug-in keeps track of all of that for everyone and lets you upload any certificates, etc. for handy access and reference. It can also be combined with the Alerts plug-in to issue reminders when it's close to the time to re-certify or when upcoming training of any kind is due.\n\nStorage management \nBeef up the included inventory management functions with the Storage Control plug-in. It allows you to create locations with hierarchies, like \"Storage Room 2, Freezer 1, 3rd shelf\", etc. to keep track of exactly where any supplies or specimens are at any given time. Make sure you meet compliance standards by knowing where any and all devices, kits, reagents, specimens or other items are at any given time. You'll want to combine this with the Object Tracker plug-in so you can document and track chain of custody by checking items in and out, transferring ownership and documenting disposal.\n\nObject tracker \n Object TrackerThis plug-in works with the Storage Management plug-in to document and track all movements of designated items through the lab and anywhere else. Use it to manage check-in, check-out, transfer and disposition of items in all areas of your facilities and those sent out and returned (e.g., to reference labs), documenting all movement, date and time, and the identity of the user performing the actions.\nScheduling \nLabLynx, Inc. will add any scheduled events for you or show you how to create them using the LabLynx LIMS Scheduling plug-in. Holding time alerts, password expiration notifications, training schedule notifications or any other types of scheduled events you'd like to happen in the LIMS (and send notifications about, using the Auto-Fax\/Email and\/or Alerts plug-in) can be created and managed.\nValidation \nThe Validation plug-in module runs an automatic script and generates a report that will satisfy many regulatory compliance requirements for validation. Save thousands by using this great alternative to standard consultant-based validation projects.\n\nCustom plugins \nJust because you don't see a function or feature here doesn't mean you can't have it. LabLynx will build from scratch any type of plug-in you want. Just submit a ticket to the Help Desk or contact us and our certified development professionals are at your service. Simply let us know what you want when you are defining your scope (see Requirements Checklist), or submit a request to the Help Desk at any time thereafter, and your system can be customized in any way you choose.\n\nCommunity-based platform: The way forward \nThere is one more important\u2014and unique\u2014characteristic that the LabLynx LIMS Solution for Cannabis Testing brings to you. The LabLynx platform is community-based. That means the entire cannabis community is involved and invested, from the foundation to the delivered individual lab solution.\n\nYour LabLynx LIMS solution is more than an an app account. It represents a major corporate shift, and is the latest innovation by LabLynx, Inc. to embrace community-based, open principles in the way we do business. SciCloud.net® is now our application platform for all of our products, including our LabLynx LIMS Solution for Cannabis Testing Labs.\nOur sciCloud.net® platform is the result of the recognition that the individuals that make up the laboratory, scientific and healthcare community are the center and focus of what we do, NOT us or our product. Without you, there would be no LabLynx, LabLynx LIMS Solution for Cannabis Testing Labs or any other LabLynx product or service. Your needs and preferences drive the industry, and ours is always a response to those needs and preferences, not something we arbitrarily create and then try to sell to you.\n\nThat being the case, we understand the social involvement revolution that the advent of the internet has fostered, and we've engineered our offerings to have a community-based foundation. For instance: once upon a time news was monolithic. That is, we all got it from a handful of networks, like ABC, NBC, CBS, etc., who in turn were fed by Reuters, the AP and UPI primarily. Today the internet means we all participate in news. As things happen they are reported by ordinary people in the community. We take video footage or photos with our phones, instantly post them on social media, etc. Now we are a giant news community, made up of ordinary people, with decreasing need to resort to mainstream media feeds. The LabLynx SciCloud.net® platform is just like that.\nFor the first time, you participate in your data management options and quality. You can run your lab, do science, provide additional services and the like by choosing among free, open-source and open-access apps and databases, coupled with enterprise-level systems designed by members of your community, supported and serviced by members of that same community and contributed to by you and your colleagues. Everything is open, no longer high-priced, slow-moving proprietary monoliths. But don't confuse \"open\" with \"non-secure\". SciCloud.net® is cloud-hosted on the finest, state-of-the-art secure SOC 2 Type II infrastructure, with full system redundancy and fail-over, dual backup, and a second, geographically-distant backup data center with comprehensive physical security. And it guarantees 100% uptime reliability.\nCommunity-based foundation means interaction with all other members of the community, collaboration on projects, sharing of information and free flow of news, events, ideas and opinions. It means innovation, and products and services that are borne directly out of real immediate and long-term community interests and concerns. THIS is how it was meant to be, and it is long overdue!\nTo learn more about the community-based ecosystem, see Open Platform for Community Growth and Open Platform for Continuous Innovation. It's all part of the overall community-based LabLynx informatics platform called sciCloud.net®.\n\nLearn more now \nIt's easy to get the ball rolling, with no commitment or risk, or just find out the answers to any questions you may have. We'll answer all your questions and show you everything you want to know about our LIMS solutions until you are happy that LabLynx is right for you! Just fill out the contact form at the LabLynx Website \"How to Buy\" page, and our experienced Chief LIMS Engineer\/PM will give you a call to begin discussing what you need and what we can offer. Or you can contact us directly by emailing Alan Vaughan at avaughan@lablynx.com or by phone at 770.859.1992 ext. 114 or toll-free at 800.585.5969 ext. 114.\nJoin the many satisfied LabLynx users around the world and make use of the many additional free benefits. We look forward to hearing from you!\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LabLynx-related articlesLabLynx, Inc.LIMSkitLLX websiteLabLynx ProductsSciCloud AppsCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 26 March 2019, at 19:33.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 35,912 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Lab_Tech_at_GCFID.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"f40e21e996ef58b7ad3c51dedfb67caf\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/b\/bd\/Lab_Tech_at_GCFID.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\">Lab tech at GC\/FID<\/div><\/div><\/div>The LabLynx LIMS for cannabis testing labs, CannaQA LIMS, is the premier professional LIMS (laboratory information management system) especially configured to provide the accurate and speedy results, certificates of analysis (COA), reports, regulatory compliance, including integration with track-and-trace systems such as Metrc, BioTracTHC and Leaf, and other aspects of data management required for successful, cost-effective operation in today's highly competitive and fast-growing cannabis testing market. It supports full ISO\/IEC 17025 and ISO 9001:2015 compliance, ASA (Americans for Safe Access) and PFC (Patient Focused Accreditation), GLP\/GALP, 21 CFR Part 11 and all state regulatory requirements. All types of testing are supported, including any you set up yourself:\n<ul><li> Potency<\/li>\n<li> Terpenes<\/li>\n<li> Strain (terpene\/cannabinoid ratios)<\/li>\n<li> Residual solvents<\/li>\n<li> Pesticides<\/li>\n<li> Heavy metals<\/li>\n<li> Water activity<\/li>\n<li> Moisture content<\/li>\n<li> Foreign materials<\/li>\n<li> Mold and microbiological contaminants<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>LabLynx also includes inventory and instrument management, as well as configurable pricing and invoicing by client, test or other criteria, with the ability to apply discounts, special pricing, etc. so you have a <i><b>complete business solution for your lab<\/b><\/i>. And LabLynx is cloud-hosted so you don't need a costly bank of servers and an IT department, just a web browser on your PC, laptop, mobile devices or tablet. \n<\/p><p>Additionally, the LabLynx CannaQA LIMS is extremely user-configurable, able to adapt to any future regulations or standards, and also support additional types of services your lab may choose to provide over time - providing unmatched lifespan and return on investment (ROI).\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Types_of_testing\">Types of testing<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>LabLynx supports absolutely any type of testing and any instrumentation. That means for any aspect of the industry\u2014from research to seed, soil and fertilizer testing\u2014LabLynx has you covered. Our solution for cannabis testing labs is configured specifically for most cannabis labs, optimized for the tests mentioned above, including THC, THCA, CBD, CBDA, CBG and CBN for dry weight percentages, and more, for all types of chromatography and spectrometry. All specs and ranges are easily adjusted for any given state regulations and can even be pre-loaded for your lab. Enter results manually or through uni- or bi-directional interfaced instruments. The system also provides a dedicated report designer and standard required report templates.\n<\/p><p>Whether medical or recreational, LabLynx provides the system for all the tests you need to perform.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Standards_and_regulations\">Standards and regulations<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Regulations that apply to cannabis labs vary from state to state, and even municipally (e.g., labeling requirements), but universal standards like ISO 17025 and the related ISO 9001:2005\/2015 still apply. LabLynx already assists many labs across a variety of industries with meeting their ISO requirements through use of the LabLynx LIMS, and cannabis labs are no exception. In the case of cannabis labs specifically, LabLynx stays abreast of each state's regulations and ensures that your system is set up accordingly so that your certifications are never at risk and you adhere to requirements.\n<\/p><p>All of the standards and regulations in the chapter on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Regulatory Compliance - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"215c53df299701d4ec1bbcae57e9da06\">regulatory compliance<\/a> are supported by the LabLynx LIMS Solution for Cannabis, as well as clinical and other industry-specific standards that are typical to the LabLynx LIMS.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Workflows\">Workflows<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Workflows in LabLynx are set up according to the tests' requirements, including appropriate process steps, with any required prep, automatic QC sample inclusion, review, report review, issuance and archiving. Samples may be submitted either in person or via the online LabLynx secure web portal, with full barcoded chain of custody (COC) storage location, possession and status tracking. \n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Canna_Sample_Detail.PNG\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"24b8435464cf866e808e23459799ff25\"><img alt=\"Canna Sample Detail.PNG\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0b\/Canna_Sample_Detail.PNG\/720px-Canna_Sample_Detail.PNG\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a>\n<\/p><p><i>Sample submission\/receiving detail screen - Initial section<\/i>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\nSample submission and receiving is, by design, simple and quick. Only minimal information is designated as mandatory (you can adjust that for your own preferences) so that samples can be accepted into the lab ready for testing. Additional information can be added at any time. Due date, priority, disposal requirements and much more are supported, along with any comments\/notes. Tests can be automatically assigned based on sample type or based on client or other criteria, along with specs\/limits and pricing. And they can just as easily be unassigned or changed (as long as they are not already underway).\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannabis_Assign_Test.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"9bfa04829d656958b5a9ca98e6c5e1fc\"><img alt=\"Cannabis Assign Test.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/19\/Cannabis_Assign_Test.png\/720px-Cannabis_Assign_Test.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\nAny associated files, documents, images, etc. may also be easily and quickly uploaded and linked with the sample (or order\/group of samples), e.g., COC, test request form, product image upon receipt, etc.\n<\/p><p>Samples may be received either as groups (orders\/lots) or singly, and upon receipt the LIMS offers the option to print barcoded labels. Once labeled, the samples may be moved to any storage locations in the lab, transferred outside the lab (e.g., 3rd-party contract lab testing), and have their ownership\/possession changed and be disposed of according to requirements, with full traceability and documentation. Additionally, sample statuses are automatically updated in the system, from initial \"logged\" status to \"assigned\" (test(s) assigned), to \"under testing\" and \"complete\", or \"canceled\", with various sub-statuses also configurable. \n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Receiving_a_Sample_-_Print_Label_Dialog_600_px.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"95040ba9d8972118d9385fc66410c7ed\"><img alt=\"Receiving a Sample - Print Label Dialog 600 px.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/d\/d1\/Receiving_a_Sample_-_Print_Label_Dialog_600_px.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><p>Once received, samples may be batched together by process\/instrument for bulk processing, with unique system-generated sample IDs (configured according to your format preferences, i.e., \"yy\/mm\/dd-sample no.\") to ensure accurate tracking, testing and results reporting. Sample IDs may be automatically uploaded to instruments and\/or tied to results values to populate the COA and\/or other reports.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Canna_COAII.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"d5257472f0df3935b5abde7e0e15d4e7\"><img alt=\"Canna COAII.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c0\/Canna_COAII.png\/720px-Canna_COAII.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a>\n<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"3ffaac032667f438f4d3fff5928ae16e\"><img alt=\"California Cannabis Standard Report Page 1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c8\/California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg\/800px-California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Complete_integrated_system\">Complete integrated system<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Like all LabLynx LIMS solutions, the LabLynx CannaQA LIMS for cannabis labs readily interfaces to any and all instruments, software or reporting agencies you require. Many startups will elect to get up and operational in the shortest time possible, entering results manually at first, and linking instruments to the system one by one as income increases. Other systems like <i>metrc'<\/i> can also be interfaced with your LIMS, providing a comprehensive data management solution that addresses all of the unique requirements of a cannabis testing lab. Or if you are engaged in research, use it to link collaborative efforts and\/or update results remotely. Take metrics remotely as you monitor growing techniques and upload them instantly to the system. Accept online test requests using the LabLynx web portal function and issue reports and COAs the same way. Any kinds of integrations you need are available by default in the LabLynx LIMS for Cannabis Labs.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Other_options\">Other options<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Options.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"5180211081a6615912608791e09b0e09\"><img alt=\"Options.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9f\/Options.jpg\/300px-Options.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Options.jpg\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"5180211081a6615912608791e09b0e09\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p><strong class=\"selflink\">The LabLynx CannaQA LIMS for cannabis labs<\/strong> is far more than just a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary#LIMS\" title=\"Glossary\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"9f330637ae6c7c4023f9c5a5ae1e1d6b\">laboratory information management system<\/a>. It is a complete comprehensive platform of features and benefits tailored for you and your lab, no matter which type of testing you do within the cannabis industry. It contains all of the features and functions you need for your lab's operations. But there are also a number of additional feature and function plug-ins available to be added to your system, including <a href=\"#Integration_Plugins\">integration<\/a> with other systems\u2014including METRC (currently certified in Oregon and Colorado), SICPA, BiotrackTHC and Leaf, or ERPs like MJ Freeway\u2014or devices\/instruments, and\/or other modules. LabLynx even offers <a href=\"#Hardware_Add-ons\">hardware add-ons<\/a> that include <a href=\"#Hardware_and_Supplies\">lab equipment\/devices<\/a> like testing instruments, as well as label printers and scanners, and IT hardware like PCs, hubs, cabling and more.\n<\/p><p>Any of these can be chosen as implementation options, available either initially or at any time thereafter. Choose from among them to define what you want now, and for the short, medium and long term, or decide to add on to your system whenever you like. Just let us know.\n<\/p><p>In a real sense all implementation and plugins are services, because where a feature or function exists it costs only to activate or configure it. Where it doesn't, it costs to develop it. All services are listed and discussed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=HealthCloudPOL_Support_Resources#Services\" title=\"HealthCloudPOL Support Resources\" class=\"mw-redirect wiki-link\" data-key=\"a7ab38ca4350442b8e197ec0e0647e5e\">Services<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Implementation_Options_-_HCP\" title=\"Implementation Options - HCP\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"d6769c5fca2513fc37288b8251bae270\">Implementation Options<\/a> sections of the LabLynx Solutions Manual.\n<\/p><p>The exception to that is <a href=\"#Hardware_and_Supplies\">hardware and supplies<\/a>, which are available through our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=HealthCloudPOL_Support_Resources_-_HCP#POL_Marketplace\" title=\"HealthCloudPOL Support Resources - HCP\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"c70548c8e0481e61842ba3dfb515e018\">sciCloud.net® Community Marketplace<\/a>.\n<\/p><p>Your LabLynx LIMS benefits include the options to add any of a range of additional features and functions through plugins. These items let you grow your system in modular fashion so you can add what you want when you want, in your own time and on your own budget. <strong class=\"selflink\">The LabLynx CannaQA LIMS for cannabis<\/strong> is a complete LIMS on its own, but it also gives you the ability to scale up and out as you grow your lab's offerings, or as you progressively increase automation to save time and money while increasing productivity and quality, and ensuring compliance. Plug-ins make it simple, quick and affordable.\n<\/p><p>To include plugins or hardware add-ons in your LIMS solution package, either make your selections initially when talking to your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> representative, or you can submit them any time thereafter through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">Help Desk<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Integration_plugins\">Integration plugins<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"LabVia\">LabVia<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Your LabLynx LIMS can interface with anything that has an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary#API\" title=\"Glossary\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"691129806d0e627e8ab658cedfe87d49\">API<\/a>. Or it can interface through file sharing. Basically, anything that can be interfaced can be interfaced to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> LIMS, using our exclusive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabVia\" title=\"LabVia\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"0580a81c5512d37d65f60c617d4f1a2e\">LabVia<\/a> solution.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:LabVia-logo400.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"2791d72baf7c96d707fdca266d16be5f\"><img alt=\"LabVia-logo400.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/68\/LabVia-logo400.png\/200px-LabVia-logo400.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"82\" \/><\/a><\/div>While the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"af11524bb547443b6ba7ea81b39e7f59\">LabLynx LIMS<\/a> and many of the other apps in the LabLynx and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=SciCloud.net\" title=\"SciCloud.net\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f55114772a7e46ae8406c428c5b25584\">sciCloud.net®<\/a> libraries readily share files with instruments and other systems, there are also situations where the integration required is more complex. For those we have <b>LabVia<\/b>, LabLynx's exclusive middleware and hub hardware\/software product, available through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=SciCloud.net\" title=\"SciCloud.net\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f55114772a7e46ae8406c428c5b25584\">sciCloud.net®<\/a> to manage your connections and data sharing.\n<p><b>LabVia<\/b> intelligently manages multiple data communications between all kinds of devices, services, systems or other sources.\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<b>Use LabVia to connect with:<\/b>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> SDMS, MES, PLM, DMS, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary#EHR\" title=\"Glossary\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"535ac7faa66a9ee46e1934e07981531f\">EHR\/EMRs<\/a>, PMS or other Systems\/Software or Databases<\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"af11524bb547443b6ba7ea81b39e7f59\">LIMS<\/a> or other Laboratory Information Systems<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Labvia-pi.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"029d2443af69f420c9417dd7e9d13d9e\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2e\/Labvia-pi.jpg\/300px-Labvia-pi.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"228\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Labvia-pi.jpg\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"029d2443af69f420c9417dd7e9d13d9e\"><\/a><\/div><b>LabVia<\/b> Middleware Hub<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/li>\n<li> Instruments<\/li>\n<li> Field Devices, Mobile, Hand-held etc.<\/li>\n<li> POC Devices<\/li>\n<li> Billing Services<\/li>\n<li> Regulatory\/Reporting Agencies<\/li>\n<li> Reference or Contract Labs<\/li>\n<li> More...<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<b>LabVia<\/b> is available as an option with all <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=SciCloud.net\" title=\"SciCloud.net\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f55114772a7e46ae8406c428c5b25584\">sciCloud.net®<\/a> and LabLynx solutions. \n<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"LabVia_Hub\">LabVia Hub<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>The onsite part of the LabVia solution is the LabVia Hub. It is a hardware\/software product that provides a central nexus point for all of the integrated nodes (instruments\/devices, software applications etc.), intelligently managing their data. Full instructions on installation and setup are provided, and a LabLynx professional will guide you through the process. Or, if you prefer, we can come onsite and install it for you, ensuring all interfaced data points communicate properly. Many systems need only be able to provide files that your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=SciCloud.net\" title=\"SciCloud.net\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f55114772a7e46ae8406c428c5b25584\">sciCloud.net® Solution<\/a> can access to process and report, and\/or be able to receive sample information from the LIMS. If serial connections are required, then a LabVia <i><b>channel<\/b><\/i> is utilized, and your hub will link up with the cloud-based software portion of LabVia to ensure perfect data routing and management.\n<\/p>\n<h5><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"LabVia_Cloud\">LabVia Cloud<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>The cloud portion of LabVia is hosted for you in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cloud_Platform_(IaaS)\" title=\"Cloud Platform (IaaS)\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"df67ce50baf082d4388b14db1b96ff69\">Cloud Platform (IaaS)<\/a>, keeping your integrations securely managed in real time. And any time you need more integrations (e.g. you buy new instruments that you'd like to interface with your system), we can add a new channel for you that is configured to transfer the data you want, in the ways you want them.\n<\/p><p>You can forget about the details and concentrate on your own work, secure in the knowledge that your interfaces will continue functioning perfectly for as long as you have them. All maintenance, support and warranty is included in your annual agreement.\n<\/p><p>If you'd like more information about <b>LabVia<\/b> or you have questions about integration of your devices, services and\/or applications, contact <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/sciCloud.net\">sciCloud.net® Support<\/a>, search the Marketplace for qualified services or contact LabLynx at <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/lablynx.com\/how-to-buy\">LabLynx Contact Us<\/a>, or give us a call at 770.859.1992 or toll-free at 800.585.5969.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Report_plugins\">Report plugins<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> has many other available report and\/or label plugins besides those included with your specific LIMS solution.\n<\/p><p>These include both internal management reports, like turnaround time (TAT), annual\/monthly workload, sample disposal, training and productivity reports, etc., as well as any custom formal reports with logo, header, etc. Sample label sizes and designs can also be added to suit your needs, with or without barcodes. Your solution includes the LabLynx Report Writer, so you can modify existing report templates and\/or create new ones any time you like. Or contact <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> to have them delivered for you so you can concentrate on your lab.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Module_plugins\">Module plugins<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Portal\">Portal<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Web_Portal.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"af113360b8b2e56825b17db1a6887cdd\"><img alt=\"Web Portal.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/98\/Web_Portal.jpg\/200px-Web_Portal.jpg\" width=\"200\" height=\"102\" \/><\/a><\/div><strong class=\"selflink\">The LabLynx CannaQA LIMS for Cannabis<\/strong> works very well in conjunction with any existing client portal. You can elect to <a href=\"#Integrations\">integrate<\/a> and pass order statuses and results reports so they may be viewed securely, as well as emailed alerts when they are ready, etc. If you don't have an existing portal, choose the LabLynx <b>Portal Plug-In<\/b> and upgrade the customer experience while freeing you and your staff from answering phone inquiries and calling clients. The portal functions as a web-based test requesting platform, as well as allowing clients to securely review sample status and results reports.\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Alerts\">Alerts<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Alert.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"42409cee48e3f721249c146e3bfb8e58\"><img alt=\"Alert.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Alert.png\/200px-Alert.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><\/div>The useful Alerts plug-in library includes email notifications based on events, like completed assays\/analyses, completed entire orders\/requests, out-of-range results, impending expiration of specimens, reagents, matrices, etc., or according to schedules (QC, calibrations, patient monitoring or other regular collections, etc.). \n<p>Even re-certifications\/training, conventions or any other item can be set to alert you so you stay on top of your schedules and work, even if they aren't lab-related. Whether you simply need internal user alerts or notifications in conjunction with the Auto-Fax\/Email plug-in, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx<\/a> team will set up alerts for whatever needs you have.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Auto-fax.2FEmail\">Auto-fax\/Email<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In the same way that <a href=\"#Alerts\">alerts<\/a> can be generated based on events or schedules, results reports or other items can be set up to be faxed, displayed on a portal site or emailed to designated parties using the LabLynx LIMS' Auto-fax\/Email plug-in.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Invoicing\">Invoicing<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Invoicing based on assays\/tests, straight from the LIMS, can be easily added to your capabilities with the LabLynx Invoicing plug-in. Insurance companies, patient information and lab assay histories are all securely stored in your LIMS, and the Invoicing plug-in pulls the appropriate data to ensure accurate and timely billing. Bill direct or integrate with a billing service; it's up to you with the LabLynx LIMS Invoicing plug-in.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Data_warehouse\">Data warehouse<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Happy_woman_at_computer_425.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"5bf25c8a651d43deed13b92a7f025e21\"><img alt=\"Happy woman at computer 425.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/27\/Happy_woman_at_computer_425.png\/200px-Happy_woman_at_computer_425.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"133\" \/><\/a><\/div>It's very useful to be able to pull any historical results and their associated information dynamically, according to immediate, <i>ad hoc<\/i> needs and criteria. The <b>Data Warehouse<\/b> plug-in makes all historical data available to authorized users, who can filter for exactly what they are looking for by date range, test, client, project, sample type or any other criteria.\n<p>You always have the archived reports. But if you want to compare or review a collection of data based on specific criteria, the Data Warehouse plug-in will make it happen for you. And the data are exportable as an Excel file that you can further analyse, graph, etc.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Training_tracking\">Training tracking<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Keep track of all certifications and their history, along with dates of next required courses, etc. Make sure you aren't at risk of being out of compliance by having expired certifications for any regulated testing, or just generally keep track of training planning and completion.\n<\/p><p>The <b>Training Tracking<\/b> plug-in keeps track of all of that for everyone and lets you upload any certificates, etc. for handy access and reference. It can also be combined with the <a href=\"#Alerts\">Alerts<\/a> plug-in to issue reminders when it's close to the time to re-certify or when upcoming training of any kind is due.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Storage_management\">Storage management<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Beef up the included inventory management functions with the <b>Storage Control<\/b> plug-in. It allows you to create locations with hierarchies, like \"Storage Room 2, Freezer 1, 3rd shelf\", etc. to keep track of exactly where any supplies or specimens are at any given time. Make sure you meet compliance standards by knowing where any and all devices, kits, reagents, specimens or other items are at any given time. You'll want to combine this with the <a href=\"#Object_Tracker\">Object Tracker<\/a> plug-in so you can document and track chain of custody by checking items in and out, transferring ownership and documenting disposal.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Object_tracker\">Object tracker<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Object_Tracker.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"a47b57d4c03e233238b9dff0ae0838b2\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Object_Tracker.png\/300px-Object_Tracker.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"149\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Object_Tracker.png\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"a47b57d4c03e233238b9dff0ae0838b2\"><\/a><\/div>Object Tracker<\/div><\/div><\/div>This plug-in works with the <a href=\"#Storage_Management\">Storage Management<\/a> plug-in to document and track all movements of designated items through the lab and anywhere else. Use it to manage check-in, check-out, transfer and disposition of items in all areas of your facilities and those sent out and returned (e.g., to reference labs), documenting all movement, date and time, and the identity of the user performing the actions.\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Scheduling\">Scheduling<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Calendar.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"fe699c33662b80d414ae482568b3ea07\"><img alt=\"Calendar.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/91\/Calendar.jpg\/180px-Calendar.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"135\" \/><\/a><\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> will add any scheduled events for you or show you how to create them using the LabLynx LIMS Scheduling plug-in. Holding time alerts, password expiration notifications, training schedule notifications or any other types of scheduled events you'd like to happen in the LIMS (and send notifications about, using the Auto-Fax\/Email and\/or Alerts plug-in) can be created and managed.\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Validation\">Validation<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Validation plug-in module runs an automatic script and generates a report that will satisfy many regulatory compliance requirements for validation. Save thousands by using this great alternative to standard consultant-based validation projects.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Custom_plugins\">Custom plugins<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Just because you don't see a function or feature here doesn't mean you can't have it. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx<\/a> will build from scratch any type of plug-in you want. Just submit a ticket to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">Help Desk<\/a> or contact us and our certified development professionals are at your service. Simply let us know what you want when you are defining your scope (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Requirements_Checklist\" title=\"Requirements Checklist\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4c355a1a7af1bc260c3680ade91091be\">Requirements Checklist<\/a>), or submit a request to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Help_Desk\" title=\"Help Desk\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"ce12eb8919be86cd8d9a7a1133e2280c\">Help Desk<\/a> at any time thereafter, and your system can be customized in any way you choose.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Community-based_platform:_The_way_forward\">Community-based platform: The way forward<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There is one more important\u2014and unique\u2014characteristic that the LabLynx LIMS Solution for Cannabis Testing brings to you. The LabLynx platform is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_LabLynx_Community_Network\" title=\"The LabLynx Community Network\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4bcc6ef7ef9ad9f19b990e338083e561\"><i>community-based<\/i><\/a>. That means the entire cannabis community is involved and invested, from the foundation to the delivered individual lab solution.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:SciCloud_Social_Revolution.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"82a831929551d23c75266d3a6bc45fa3\"><img alt=\"SciCloud Social Revolution.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5b\/SciCloud_Social_Revolution.png\/300px-SciCloud_Social_Revolution.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" \/><\/a><\/div>Your LabLynx LIMS solution is more than an an app account. It represents a major corporate shift, and is the latest innovation by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> to embrace community-based, open principles in the way we do business. SciCloud.net® is now our application platform for all of our products, including our LabLynx LIMS Solution for Cannabis Testing Labs.\n<p>Our sciCloud.net® platform is the result of the recognition that the individuals that make up the laboratory, scientific and healthcare community are the center and focus of what we do, NOT us or our product. Without you, there would be no <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx<\/a>, LabLynx LIMS Solution for Cannabis Testing Labs or any other LabLynx product or service. Your needs and preferences drive the industry, and ours is always a response to those needs and preferences, not something we arbitrarily create and then try to sell to you.\n<\/p>\nThat being the case, we understand the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Social\" title=\"Social\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f121541c0dded7dee0e9101dbda7cc40\">social involvement revolution<\/a> that the advent of the internet has fostered, and we've engineered our offerings to have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Open_Platform_for_Continuous_Innovation\" title=\"Open Platform for Continuous Innovation\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e908e2c8521992e8a95fb5bf1673e30d\">community-based foundation<\/a>. For instance: once upon a time news was monolithic. That is, we all got it from a handful of networks, like ABC, NBC, CBS, etc., who in turn were fed by Reuters, the AP and UPI primarily. Today the internet means we all participate in news. As things happen they are reported by ordinary people in the community. We take video footage or photos with our phones, instantly post them on social media, etc. Now we are a giant news community, made up of ordinary people, with decreasing need to resort to mainstream media feeds. The LabLynx SciCloud.net® platform is just like that.<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Social_Internet_Revolution.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"8cbcc9b2e1289df0254ad2983595bc8f\"><img alt=\"Social Internet Revolution.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f8\/Social_Internet_Revolution.jpg\/300px-Social_Internet_Revolution.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>For the first time, you participate in your data management options and quality. You can run your lab, do science, provide additional services and the like by choosing among free, open-source and open-access apps and databases, coupled with enterprise-level systems designed by members of your community, supported and serviced by members of that same community and contributed to by you and your colleagues. Everything is open, no longer high-priced, slow-moving proprietary monoliths. But don't confuse \"open\" with \"non-secure\". SciCloud.net® is cloud-hosted on the finest, state-of-the-art secure SOC 2 Type II infrastructure, with full system redundancy and fail-over, dual backup, and a second, geographically-distant backup data center with comprehensive physical security. And it guarantees 100% uptime reliability.\n<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Open_Platform_for_Continuous_Innovation\" title=\"Open Platform for Continuous Innovation\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e908e2c8521992e8a95fb5bf1673e30d\">Community-based foundation<\/a> means <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Open_Platform_for_Community_Growth\" title=\"Open Platform for Community Growth\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"93fa5e5b81b357df826594bdf932d81a\">interaction with all other members of the community, collaboration on projects, sharing of information and free flow of news, events, ideas and opinions<\/a>. It means innovation, and products and services that are borne directly out of real immediate and long-term community interests and concerns. THIS is how it was meant to be, and it is long overdue!\n<\/p><p>To learn more about the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Open_Platform_for_Community_Growth\" title=\"Open Platform for Community Growth\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"93fa5e5b81b357df826594bdf932d81a\">community-based ecosystem<\/a>, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Open_Platform_for_Community_Growth\" title=\"Open Platform for Community Growth\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"93fa5e5b81b357df826594bdf932d81a\">Open Platform for Community Growth<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Open_Platform_for_Continuous_Innovation\" title=\"Open Platform for Continuous Innovation\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e908e2c8521992e8a95fb5bf1673e30d\">Open Platform for Continuous Innovation<\/a>. It's all part of the overall community-based LabLynx <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Informatics_Platform\" title=\"Informatics Platform\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"5428467a1199cadd55df25d627c980ff\">informatics platform<\/a> called sciCloud.net®.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Learn_more_now\">Learn more now<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>It's easy to get the ball rolling, with no commitment or risk, or just find out the answers to any questions you may have. We'll answer all your questions and show you everything you want to know about our LIMS solutions until you are happy that LabLynx is right for you! Just fill out the contact form at <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.lablynx.com\/company\/how-to-buy\">the LabLynx Website \"How to Buy\" page<\/a>, and our experienced Chief LIMS Engineer\/PM will give you a call to begin discussing what you need and what we can offer. Or you can contact us directly by emailing Alan Vaughan at avaughan@lablynx.com or by phone at 770.859.1992 ext. 114 or toll-free at 800.585.5969 ext. 114.\n<\/p><p>Join the many satisfied LabLynx users around the world and make use of the many additional free benefits. We look forward to hearing from you!\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.036 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.104 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 50\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 92\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 16753\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 3\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/b\/bd\/Lab_Tech_at_GCFID.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/0\/0b\/Canna_Sample_Detail.PNG","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/1\/19\/Cannabis_Assign_Test.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/d\/d1\/Receiving_a_Sample_-_Print_Label_Dialog_600_px.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/c\/c0\/Canna_COAII.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c8\/California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg\/1600px-California_Cannabis_Standard_Report_Page_1.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/9f\/Options.jpg\/600px-Options.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/6\/68\/LabVia-logo400.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2e\/Labvia-pi.jpg\/600px-Labvia-pi.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/98\/Web_Portal.jpg\/400px-Web_Portal.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/d\/d6\/Alert.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/27\/Happy_woman_at_computer_425.png\/400px-Happy_woman_at_computer_425.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f6\/Object_Tracker.png\/600px-Object_Tracker.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/9\/91\/Calendar.jpg\/360px-Calendar.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5b\/SciCloud_Social_Revolution.png\/600px-SciCloud_Social_Revolution.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f8\/Social_Internet_Revolution.jpg\/600px-Social_Internet_Revolution.jpg"],"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07_timestamp":1610467637,"07b22d93b86c4d40427961cedaf7327f_type":"article","07b22d93b86c4d40427961cedaf7327f_title":"Cannabis Testing Regulations in Other States","07b22d93b86c4d40427961cedaf7327f_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States","07b22d93b86c4d40427961cedaf7327f_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tCannabis Testing Regulations in Other States \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tNote: With this guide in general, and this chapter in particular, it should be noted that LabLynx isn't providing legal advice. Regulations change constantly, and it's ultimately up to the laboratory to be responsible for verifying legal requirements for compliance.\nWhat follows is an alphabetical list of U.S. states and information about regulations and recommendations concerning laboratory testing of cannabis. States that either don't have any cannabis legislation or have only rudimentary cannabidiol (CBD) allowances are shown as \"currently not applicable.\" Otherwise, links to existing legislation or health department recommendations, or information about the current or future status of regulations, are included. Current as of January 2021.\n\r\n\n\nContents\n\n1 Cannabis testing regulations in the U.S. \n\n1.1 A \n1.2 C \n1.3 D \n1.4 F \n1.5 G \n1.6 H \n1.7 I \n1.8 K \n1.9 L \n1.10 M \n1.11 N \n1.12 O \n1.13 P \n1.14 R \n1.15 S \n1.16 T \n1.17 U \n1.18 V \n1.19 W \n\n\n2 References \n\n\n\nCannabis testing regulations in the U.S. \nA \nAlabama: Currently not applicable. Sampling procedures for hemp exist, but it appears the Alabama Department of Agriculture & Industries remains solely responsible for testing the hemp samples.[1]\nAlaska: 3 AAC 306 Regulations for the Marijuana Control Board (The bulk of the regulations can be found under \"3 AAC 306.455. Required laboratory testing.\")\nArizona: Cannabis testing standards and rules were supposed to go into effect November 1, 2020, according to Arizona Senate Bill 1494.[2] However, some aspects of testing, such as pesticide and mycotoxin testing, have been pushed back to May 1, 2021.[3] Watch for information updates here.\nArkansas: Rules and Regulations Governing Medical Marijuana Registration, Testing, and Labeling In Arkansas\n\nC \nCalifornia: California Code of Regulations Title 16, Division 42, Bureau of Cannabis Control - Order of Adoption (See the wiki page on California cannabis testing regulations for more.)\nColorado: 1 CCR 212-1 - Medical marijuana rules and 1 CCR 212-2 - Retail marijuana rules (The bulk of the regulations can be found in the M 700 sections of the documents.) The state also offers a reference library for cannabis testing.\nConnecticut: Subtitle 21a-408 - Palliative use of marijuana (The bulk of the regulations can be found at \"21a-408-59 Laboratory requirements\" and \"21a-408-60 Laboratory testing.\")\n\nD \nDelaware: of Health and Social Services\/Division of Public Health\/Health Systems Protection (HSP)\/4470.shtml 4470 State of Delaware Medical Marijuana Code (Much of it is contained in \"8.0 Registration and Operation of Safety Compliance Facilities\".)\nDistrict of Columbia: D.C. Law 21-209. Medical Marijuana Omnibus Amendment Act of 2016\n\nF \nFlorida: Rules for laboratory testing of cannabis are still being developed as proposed rule 64-4.016.[4]\n\nG \nGeorgia: Medical marijuana legislation was signed into law in April 2019 that closed loopholes and made allowances for grow operations and laboratory testing. See 16-12-217 of HB 324 for what is currently (As of January 2021[update]) mandated for testing, with the commission expected to create and promulgate more rules and regulations at a later date.[5]\n\nH \nHawaii: Chapter 11-850, Hawaii Administrative Rules (The bulk of the regulations are in section 11-850-80 through -90.)\n\nI \nIdaho: Currently not applicable, including hemp. Idaho remains the only U.S. state with no legal industrial hemp cultivation.\nIllinois: See Title 8 Chapter 1 Part 1000 Compassionate Use Of Medical Cannabis Pilot Program (testing regulations in \"Section 1000.510 Laboratory Testing\") and Public Act 101-0027, HB 1438 Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act (testing regulations in Article 50)\nIndiana: Currently not applicable, though the state requires clear labeling of CBD oil and its constituents. Appropriately registered laboratories appear to be able to conduct total THC testing for hemp; see Emergency Rule 20-630 of Title 360 State See Commissioner (section 51 and 52 are the most relevant, but information is scattered throughout).\nIowa: Laboratory Testing Requirements & Acceptance Criteria\n\nK \nKansas: See 4 K.A.R. 4-34-18. Pre-harvest inspection; sample collection; testing and post-testing action for industrial hemp testing requirements.\nKentucky: See 302 KAR 50:056. Sampling and THC testing; disposal of noncompliant harvests; post-testing actions for industrial hemp testing requirements.\n\nL \nLouisiana: Title 7, Agriculture and Animals - Part XLIX Medical Marijuana (See Chapter 23 of Part XLIX for laboratory testing requirements.)\n\nM \nMaine: The state released an emergency rule in September 2020 adding additional rules to standards and certification of cannabis testing facilities, found as 18-691 C.M.R. ch. 5 - Rules for the Certification of Marijuana Testing Facilities.\nMaryland: Title 10, Subtitle 62, Section 16\nMassachusetts: Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries, as well as Code of Massachusetts Regulations Title 935\nMichigan: Emergency Rules and the associated testing explanations\nMinnesota: Chapter 4770 - Medical Cannabis\nMississippi: Currently not applicable. Hemp cultivation is legal, but only through the USDA, not the state, and thus USDA testing rules must be presumably followed.[6]\nMissouri: Title 19 \u00a7 30-95.070\nMontana: Montana Medical Marijuana Laboratory Information\n\nN \nNebraska: Currently not applicable. For hemp testing, see Nebraska Revised Statute \u00a72-514.\nNevada: NAC Chapter 453D - Regulation and Taxation of Marijuana (Starts at section 755.)\nNew Hampshire: Chapter He-C 400 Therapeutic Cannabis Program (Bulk of requirements found at \"He-C 402.15 Testing.\")\nNew Jersey: See P.L.2009, c.307 (C.24:6I) (sections -18 and -19) for medical cannabis. As of January 2021[update], rules for recreational cannabis are still in limbo.[7]\nNew Mexico: NMAC 7.34.4 (Interspersed in various sections such as 7.34.4.9, 7.34.4.10, 7.34.4.15, and 7.34.4.16.)\nNew York: Title 10, Chapter XIII, Part 1004, Section 14\nNorth Carolina: The state has not adopted formal cannabis testing regulations, though it has some temporary testing requirements for industrial hemp.[8] See 02 - Agriculture and Consumer Services\\Chapter 62 - Industrial Hemp Commission Title 02 Chapter 62 for the current temporary rules for hemp.\nNorth Dakota: Article 33-44 Medical Marijuana (Laboratory and testing information start around 33-44-01-36.)\n\nO \nOhio: 3796:4 Testing Laboratories\nOklahoma: Title 310, Chapter 681 Medical Marijuana Regulations (See Subchapter 8. Laboratory Testing); also see a diagram of the testing process\nOregon: Oregon Administrative Rules (OARs)\n\nP \nPennsylvania: Marijuana\/Pages\/Laboratories.aspx Pennsylvania Department of Health's Resources for Laboratories\n\nR \nRhode Island: Licensing Analytical Laboratories for Sampling and Testing Medical Marijuana (216-RICR-60-05-6)\n\nS \nSouth Carolina: Currently not applicable. Requirements for testing hemp are not clear. Some information can be extracted from a description of the hemp farming program, as well as SC Code Ann. 46-55-10 and the Hemp Handler Application packet.\nSouth Dakota: Currently not applicable. Basic information about hemp testing can be found in the state's House Bill 1008; however, it's not clear if testing procedures have yet been established, as described in the bill's 38-35-12.\n\nT \nTennessee: Currently not applicable. Testing methods for hemp exist, but it appears the Tennessee Department of Agriculture remains solely responsible for testing hemp samples.[9]\nTexas: Low-THC containing products are allowed for a select number of conditions.[10] Testing for the low-THC cannabis program appears to be directed by Title 37, Part 1, Chapter 12A, Rule \u00a712.7.\n\nU \nUtah: Basic information about laboratory testing is available under Utah Code 4-41a-701 Cannabis and cannabis product testing. Additional testing rules can be found on the Utah Department of Agriculture and Food site.\n\nV \nVermont: Best practices were suggested in 2016, but it doesn't appear testing regulations have formally been adopted. With the passage of recreational marijuana in Vermont in 2018, taxation laws and laboratory testing regulations and recommendations may inevitably be developed.[11] In December 2020, some of the first steps to formalize laws and rules for testing labs were made.[12] As for hemp, testing information can be found here.\nVirginia: Virginia's SB 1557 in March 2019 provided limited support for medical cannabis. However, it appears only five licensed \"pharmaceutical processors\" are at work, and outside laboratory testing doesn't appear to be an option, at least as of January 2021.[13][14]\n\nW \nWashington: See Chapter 314-55 WAC, Chapter 246-70 WAC, and Testing Facility Criteria, among others.\nWest Virginia: Ruled for the medical cannabis program were finalized in Title 64, Chapter 111 in April 2020.\nWisconsin: Currently not applicable. Sampling and testing methods for hemp exist, but it appears the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection remains solely responsible for testing hemp samples.[15]\nWyoming: Currently not applicable. Hemp testing guidelines are available through the Wyoming Department of Agriculture.\n\nReferences \n\n\n\u2191 Alabama Department of Agriculture & Industries. \"Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Hemp\" (PDF). http:\/\/agi.alabama.gov\/docs\/default-source\/Plant-Protection\/Industrial-Hemp\/field_sampling_hemp.pdf?sfvrsn=2 . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Senate Bill 1494\" (PDF). State of Arizona. 27 August 2019. https:\/\/www.azleg.gov\/legtext\/54leg\/1R\/bills\/sb1494h.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Arizona Department of Health Services (30 October 2020). \"Information Update - Medical Marijuana Laboratory Certification Program - Update #3\". https:\/\/www.azdhs.gov\/documents\/licensing\/medical-marijuana\/applications\/info-upate-3.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Rule: 64-4.016\". MyFLRules. State of Florida. 09 January 2021. https:\/\/www.flrules.org\/gateway\/ruleNo.asp?id=64-4.016 .   \n\n\u2191 Georgia General Assembly (01 July 2019). \"2019-2020 Regular Session - HB 324, Georgia's Hope act; enact\". Legislation. https:\/\/www.legis.ga.gov\/legislation\/55000 . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce (June 2020). \"Hemp Cultivation in Mississippi\". State of Mississippi. https:\/\/www.mdac.ms.gov\/hemp-cultivation-in-ms\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Davis, M. (03 January 2021). \"New Year's Day should have been the start of NJ legal weed. Instead, it's stuck in limbo.\". app. https:\/\/www.app.com\/story\/news\/local\/new-jersey\/marijuana\/2021\/01\/01\/new-jersey-marijuana-legalization-legal-weed-vote-results-phil-murphy\/4079150001\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Febles, E. (September 2018). \"Reminders for Hemp License Holders\". NC State Extensions - Industrial Hemp. North Carolina State University. https:\/\/industrialhemp.ces.ncsu.edu\/2018\/09\/hemp-reminders\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Southerland, Nicely. \"Senate Bill No. 357\" (PDF). State of Tennessee. https:\/\/www.tn.gov\/content\/dam\/tn\/agriculture\/documents\/industrial-hemp\/pc0087.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\". Compassionate Use Program. Texas Department of Public Safety. http:\/\/www.dps.texas.gov\/rsd\/CUP\/index.htm . Retrieved 02 February 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 Associated Press (16 December 2018). \"Vermont Gov. Phil Scott signs bill legalizing marijuana with \"mixed emotions\"\". CBS News. https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/marijuana-legalization-vermont-governor-phil-scott\/ . Retrieved 02 February 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Vermont looking to launch recreational cannabis regulatory board\". Marijuana Business Daily. 17 December 2020. https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/vermont-taking-applications-for-recreational-cannabis-regulatory-board\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"CHAPTER 681 - An Act to amend and reenact \u00a7\u00a7 54.1-3408.3 and 54.1-3442.6 of the Code of Virginia, relating to Board of Pharmacy; cannabidiol oil and THC-A oil; regulation of pharmaceutical processors\". Virginia Legislative Information System. 21 March 2019. https:\/\/greenhealthdocs.com\/virginia-medical-cannabis-program\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 AMG (10 December 2020). \"7 Things Every Patient Should Know About Virginia\u2019s New Medical Cannabis Program\". Green Health Docs. https:\/\/lis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?191+ful+CHAP0681 . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Wisconsin Hemp Pilot Research Program\" (PDF). =Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. https:\/\/datcp.wi.gov\/Documents\/HempFAQSampling.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\n\r\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2021Articles with invalid date parameter in templateAll articles containing potentially dated statements\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 17 March 2019, at 18:53.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 1,688 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","07b22d93b86c4d40427961cedaf7327f_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Cannabis Testing Regulations in Other States<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:CCE_by_Draconis-_laboratory_work_on_plant_essences_and_cannabinoid_material.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"02a356b02e65b44aaefc7ef61556b226\"><img alt=\"CCE by Draconis- laboratory work on plant essences and cannabinoid material.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f7\/CCE_by_Draconis-_laboratory_work_on_plant_essences_and_cannabinoid_material.jpg\/350px-CCE_by_Draconis-_laboratory_work_on_plant_essences_and_cannabinoid_material.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div><b>Note<\/b>: With this guide in general, and this chapter in particular, it should be noted that LabLynx isn't providing legal advice. Regulations change constantly, and it's ultimately up to the laboratory to be responsible for verifying legal requirements for compliance.\n<p>What follows is an alphabetical list of U.S. states and information about regulations and recommendations concerning laboratory testing of cannabis. States that either don't have any cannabis legislation or have only rudimentary cannabidiol (CBD) allowances are shown as \"currently not applicable.\" Otherwise, links to existing legislation or health department recommendations, or information about the current or future status of regulations, are included. Current as of January 2021.\n<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"nonumtoc\">\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Cannabis_testing_regulations_in_the_U.S.\">Cannabis testing regulations in the U.S.<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"A\">A<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Alabama<\/b>: Currently not applicable. Sampling procedures for hemp exist, but it appears the Alabama Department of Agriculture & Industries remains solely responsible for testing the hemp samples.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ADAIStandard_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ADAIStandard-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>Alaska<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.commerce.alaska.gov\/web\/amco\/marijuanaregulations.aspx\">3 AAC 306 Regulations for the Marijuana Control Board <\/a> (The bulk of the regulations can be found under \"3 AAC 306.455. Required laboratory testing.\")\n<\/p><p><b>Arizona<\/b>: Cannabis testing standards and rules were supposed to go into effect November 1, 2020, according to <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.azleg.gov\/legtext\/54leg\/1R\/bills\/sb1494h.pdf\">Arizona Senate Bill 1494<\/a>.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AZ1494_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AZ1494-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> However, some aspects of testing, such as pesticide and mycotoxin testing, have been pushed back to May 1, 2021.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ADHSInfoUpd3_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ADHSInfoUpd3-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> Watch for information updates <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.azdhs.gov\/licensing\/medical-marijuana\/index.php#labs\">here<\/a>.\n<\/p><p><b>Arkansas<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.healthy.arkansas.gov\/programs-services\/topics\/medical-marijuana\">Rules and Regulations Governing Medical Marijuana Registration, Testing, and Labeling In Arkansas<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"C\">C<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>California<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bcc.ca.gov\/law_regs\/cannabis_order_of_adoption.pdf\">California Code of Regulations Title 16, Division 42, Bureau of Cannabis Control - Order of Adoption<\/a> (See the wiki page on California cannabis testing regulations for more.)\n<\/p><p><b>Colorado<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sos.state.co.us\/CCR\/NumericalCCRDocList.do?deptID=19&agencyID=185\">1 CCR 212-1 - Medical marijuana rules and 1 CCR 212-2 - Retail marijuana rules<\/a> (The bulk of the regulations can be found in the M 700 sections of the documents.) The state also offers a <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cdphe.colorado.gov\/laboratory-services\/inspection-of-marijuana-testing-facilities\/marijuana-reference-library\">reference library<\/a> for cannabis testing.\n<\/p><p><b>Connecticut<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/eregulations.ct.gov\/eRegsPortal\/Browse\/RCSA\/Title_21aSubtitle_21a-408\/\">Subtitle 21a-408 - Palliative use of marijuana<\/a> (The bulk of the regulations can be found at \"21a-408-59 Laboratory requirements\" and \"21a-408-60 Laboratory testing.\")\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"D\">D<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Delaware<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/regulations.delaware.gov\/AdminCode\/title16\/Department\">of Health and Social Services\/Division of Public Health\/Health Systems Protection (HSP)\/4470.shtml 4470 State of Delaware Medical Marijuana Code<\/a> (Much of it is contained in \"8.0 Registration and Operation of Safety Compliance Facilities\".)\n<\/p><p><b>District of Columbia<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/code.dccouncil.us\/dc\/council\/laws\/21-209.html\">D.C. Law 21-209. Medical Marijuana Omnibus Amendment Act of 2016<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"F\">F<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Florida<\/b>: Rules for laboratory testing of cannabis are still being developed as proposed rule 64-4.016.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FAC64-4.016_18_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FAC64-4.016_18-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"G\">G<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Georgia<\/b>: Medical marijuana legislation was signed into law in April 2019 that closed loopholes and made allowances for grow operations and laboratory testing. See <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legis.ga.gov\/legislation\/55000\">16-12-217 of HB 324<\/a> for what is currently (As of January 2021<sup class=\"plainlinks noprint asof-tag update\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/sup>) mandated for testing, with the commission expected to create and promulgate more rules and regulations at a later date.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GGAHB324_19_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GGAHB324_19-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"H\">H<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Hawaii<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/health.hawaii.gov\/opppd\/department-of-health-administrative-rules-title-11\/\">Chapter 11-850, Hawaii Administrative Rules<\/a> (The bulk of the regulations are in section 11-850-80 through -90.)\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"I\">I<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Idaho<\/b>: Currently not applicable, including hemp. Idaho remains the only U.S. state with no legal industrial hemp cultivation.\n<\/p><p><b>Illinois<\/b>: See <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ilga.gov\/commission\/jcar\/admincode\/008\/008010000F05100R.html\">Title 8 Chapter 1 Part 1000 Compassionate Use Of Medical Cannabis Pilot Program<\/a> (testing regulations in \"Section 1000.510 Laboratory Testing\") and <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ilga.gov\/legislation\/101\/HB\/10100HB1438sam002.htm\">Public Act 101-0027, HB 1438 Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act<\/a> (testing regulations in Article 50)\n<\/p><p><b>Indiana<\/b>: Currently not applicable, though the state requires clear labeling of CBD oil and its constituents. Appropriately registered laboratories appear to be able to conduct total THC testing for hemp; see <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/iac.iga.in.gov\/iac\/irdin.pdf?din=20210106-IR-360200630ERA\">Emergency Rule 20-630 of Title 360 State See Commissioner<\/a> (section 51 and 52 are the most relevant, but information is scattered throughout).\n<\/p><p><b>Iowa<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/idph.iowa.gov\/omc\/For-Manufacturers-and-Dispensaries\">Laboratory Testing Requirements & Acceptance Criteria<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"K\">K<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Kansas<\/b>: See <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sos.ks.gov\/publications\/pubs_kar_Regs.aspx?KAR=4-34-18&Srch=Y\">4 K.A.R. 4-34-18. Pre-harvest inspection; sample collection; testing and post-testing action<\/a> for industrial hemp testing requirements.\n<\/p><p><b>Kentucky<\/b>: See <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/apps.legislature.ky.gov\/law\/kar\/302\/050\/056reg.pdf\">302 KAR 50:056. Sampling and THC testing; disposal of noncompliant harvests; post-testing actions<\/a> for industrial hemp testing requirements.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"L\">L<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Louisiana<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.doa.la.gov\/Pages\/osr\/lac\/books.aspx\">Title 7, Agriculture and Animals - Part XLIX Medical Marijuana<\/a> (See Chapter 23 of Part XLIX for laboratory testing requirements.)\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"M\">M<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Maine<\/b>: The state released an emergency rule in September 2020 adding additional rules to standards and certification of cannabis testing facilities, found as <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.maine.gov\/dafs\/omp\/adult-use\/rules-statutes\/18-691-C.M.R.-ch.-5\">18-691 C.M.R. ch. 5 - Rules for the Certification of Marijuana Testing Facilities<\/a>.\n<\/p><p><b>Maryland<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dsd.state.md.us\/COMAR\/subtitle_chapters\/10_Chapters.aspx#Subtitle62\">Title 10, Subtitle 62, Section 16<\/a>\n<\/p><p><b>Massachusetts<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/info-details\/medical-use-of-marijuana-program-product-testing#cannabis-control-commission-testing-protocols-\">Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries<\/a>, as well as <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/law-library\/935-cmr\">Code of Massachusetts Regulations Title 935<\/a>\n<\/p><p><b>Michigan<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.michigan.gov\/mra\/0,9306,7-386-83994---,00.html\">Emergency Rules<\/a> and the <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.michigan.gov\/documents\/lara\/FINAL.TESTING.GUIDE_630223_7.pdf\">associated testing explanations<\/a>\n<\/p><p><b>Minnesota<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.revisor.mn.gov\/rules\/4770\/\">Chapter 4770 - Medical Cannabis<\/a>\n<\/p><p><b>Mississippi<\/b>: Currently not applicable. Hemp cultivation is legal, but only through the USDA, not the state, and thus USDA testing rules must be presumably followed.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MDACHemp20_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MDACHemp20-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>Missouri<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sos.mo.gov\/adrules\/csr\/current\/19csr\/19csr\">Title 19 \u00a7 30-95.070<\/a>\n<\/p><p><b>Montana<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/dphhs.mt.gov\/marijuana\/laboratories\">Montana Medical Marijuana Laboratory Information<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"N\">N<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Nebraska<\/b>: Currently not applicable. For hemp testing, see <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nebraskalegislature.gov\/laws\/statutes.php?statute=2-514\">Nebraska Revised Statute \u00a72-514<\/a>.\n<\/p><p><b>Nevada<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leg.state.nv.us\/Nac\/NAC-453D.html\">NAC Chapter 453D - Regulation and Taxation of Marijuana<\/a> (Starts at section 755.)\n<\/p><p><b>New Hampshire<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gencourt.state.nh.us\/rules\/state_agencies\/he-c400.html\">Chapter He-C 400 Therapeutic Cannabis Program<\/a> (Bulk of requirements found at \"He-C 402.15 Testing.\")\n<\/p><p><b>New Jersey<\/b>: See <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.njleg.state.nj.us\/2018\/Bills\/PL19\/153_.HTM\">P.L.2009, c.307 (C.24:6I)<\/a> (sections -18 and -19) for medical cannabis. As of January 2021<sup class=\"plainlinks noprint asof-tag update\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/sup>, rules for recreational cannabis are still in limbo.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DavisNew21_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DavisNew21-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>New Mexico<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/nmhealth.org\/about\/mcp\/svcs\/fad\/\">NMAC 7.34.4<\/a> (Interspersed in various sections such as 7.34.4.9, 7.34.4.10, 7.34.4.15, and 7.34.4.16.)\n<\/p><p><b>New York<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/regs.health.ny.gov\/content\/section-100414-laboratory-testing-requirements-medical-marihuana\">Title 10, Chapter XIII, Part 1004, Section 14<\/a>\n<\/p><p><b>North Carolina<\/b>: The state has not adopted formal cannabis testing regulations, though it has some temporary testing requirements for industrial hemp.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FeblesReminder18_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FeblesReminder18-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup> See <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/reports.oah.state.nc.us\/ncac.asp?folderName=\\Title\">02 - Agriculture and Consumer Services\\Chapter 62 - Industrial Hemp Commission Title 02 Chapter 62<\/a> for the current temporary rules for hemp.\n<\/p><p><b>North Dakota<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ndhealth.gov\/mm\/State_Laws_and_Administrative_Rules.aspx\">Article 33-44 Medical Marijuana<\/a> (Laboratory and testing information start around 33-44-01-36.)\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"O\">O<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Ohio<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/codes.ohio.gov\/oac\/3796:4\">3796:4 Testing Laboratories<\/a>\n<\/p><p><b>Oklahoma<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/oklahoma.gov\/omma\/rules-regulations.html\">Title 310, Chapter 681 Medical Marijuana Regulations<\/a> (See Subchapter 8. Laboratory Testing); also see a <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/oklahoma.gov\/content\/dam\/ok\/en\/omma\/docs\/omma_testingproc_10_5_20_v2.pdf\">diagram of the testing process<\/a>\n<\/p><p><b>Oregon<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oregon.gov\/oha\/PH\/DISEASESCONDITIONS\/CHRONICDISEASE\/MEDICALMARIJUANAPROGRAM\/Pages\/legal.aspx\">Oregon Administrative Rules (OARs)<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"P\">P<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Pennsylvania<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.health.pa.gov\/topics\/programs\/Medical\">Marijuana\/Pages\/Laboratories.aspx Pennsylvania Department of Health's Resources for Laboratories<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"R\">R<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Rhode Island<\/b>: <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/rules.sos.ri.gov\/regulations\/part\/216-60-05-6\">Licensing Analytical Laboratories for Sampling and Testing Medical Marijuana (216-RICR-60-05-6)<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"S\">S<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>South Carolina<\/b>: Currently not applicable. Requirements for testing hemp are not clear. Some information can be extracted from a <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/kellysolutions.com\/sc\/hempgrower\/NewApplication\/ApplicationInstructions.asp\">description of the hemp farming program<\/a>, as well as <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scstatehouse.gov\/code\/t46c055.php\">SC Code Ann. 46-55-10<\/a> and the <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.sc.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/SCHempHandlerApplication2021.pdf\">Hemp Handler Application<\/a> packet.\n<\/p><p><b>South Dakota<\/b>: Currently not applicable. Basic information about hemp testing can be found in the state's <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mylrc.sdlegislature.gov\/api\/Documents\/70024.pdf\">House Bill 1008<\/a>; however, it's not clear if testing procedures have yet been established, as described in the bill's 38-35-12.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"T\">T<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Tennessee<\/b>: Currently not applicable. Testing methods for hemp exist, but it appears the Tennessee Department of Agriculture remains solely responsible for testing hemp samples.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-TNSenBill357_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-TNSenBill357-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>Texas<\/b>: Low-THC containing products are allowed for a select number of conditions.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-TDPSCompassion_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-TDPSCompassion-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> Testing for the low-THC cannabis program appears to be directed by <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/texreg.sos.state.tx.us\/public\/readtac$ext.TacPage?sl=R&app=9&p_dir=&p_rloc=&p_tloc=&p_ploc=&pg=1&p_tac=&ti=37&pt=1&ch=12&rl=7\">Title 37, Part 1, Chapter 12A, Rule \u00a712.7<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"U\">U<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Utah<\/b>: Basic information about laboratory testing is available under <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/le.utah.gov\/xcode\/Title4\/Chapter41A\/4-41a-S701.html\">Utah Code 4-41a-701 Cannabis and cannabis product testing<\/a>. Additional testing rules can be found on the <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/medicalcannabis.utah.gov\/production\/labs\/\">Utah Department of Agriculture and Food<\/a> site.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"V\">V<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Vermont<\/b>: Best practices <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170202205250\/https:\/\/legislature.vermont.gov\/assets\/Documents\/2016\/WorkGroups\/Senate%20Health%20and%20Welfare\/Marijuana\/W~Dr.%20Kalev%20Freeman~Canabis%20Testing%20for%20Public%20Safety%20-%20Best%20Practices%20for%20Vermont~1-20-2016.pdf\">were suggested in 2016<\/a>, but it doesn't appear testing regulations have formally been adopted. With the passage of recreational marijuana in Vermont in 2018, taxation laws and laboratory testing regulations and recommendations may inevitably be developed.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APVermont18_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APVermont18-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> In December 2020, some of the first steps to formalize laws and rules for testing labs were made.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MBDVermont20_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MBDVermont20-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup> As for hemp, testing information can be <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/agriculture.vermont.gov\/public-health-agricultural-resource-management-division\/hemp-program\/hemp-potency-and-contaminant\">found here<\/a>.\n<\/p><p><b>Virginia<\/b>: Virginia's SB 1557 in March 2019 provided limited support for medical cannabis. However, it appears only five licensed \"pharmaceutical processors\" are at work, and outside laboratory testing doesn't appear to be an option, at least as of January 2021.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AMGSeven20_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AMGSeven20-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-S1557_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-S1557-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"W\">W<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><b>Washington<\/b>: See <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/wac\/default.aspx?cite=314-55\">Chapter 314-55 WAC<\/a>, <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/app.leg.wa.gov\/WAC\/default.aspx?cite=246-70\">Chapter 246-70 WAC<\/a>, and <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/mj2015\/testing-facility-criteria\">Testing Facility Criteria<\/a>, among others.\n<\/p><p><b>West Virginia<\/b>: Ruled for the medical cannabis program were finalized in <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/apps.sos.wv.gov\/adlaw\/csr\/ruleview.aspx?document=16739\">Title 64, Chapter 111<\/a> in April 2020.\n<\/p><p><b>Wisconsin<\/b>: Currently not applicable. Sampling and testing methods for hemp exist, but it appears the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection remains solely responsible for testing hemp samples.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WIHemp20_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WIHemp20-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>Wyoming<\/b>: Currently not applicable. Hemp testing guidelines are available through the <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/wyagric.state.wy.us\/divisions\/ts\/wyindustrialhemp\">Wyoming Department of Agriculture<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-ADAIStandard-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-ADAIStandard_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Alabama Department of Agriculture & Industries. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/agi.alabama.gov\/docs\/default-source\/Plant-Protection\/Industrial-Hemp\/field_sampling_hemp.pdf?sfvrsn=2\">\"Standard Practice for Field Sampling of Hemp\"<\/a> (PDF)<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/agi.alabama.gov\/docs\/default-source\/Plant-Protection\/Industrial-Hemp\/field_sampling_hemp.pdf?sfvrsn=2\">http:\/\/agi.alabama.gov\/docs\/default-source\/Plant-Protection\/Industrial-Hemp\/field_sampling_hemp.pdf?sfvrsn=2<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Standard+Practice+for+Field+Sampling+of+Hemp&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Alabama+Department+of+Agriculture+%26+Industries&rft.au=Alabama+Department+of+Agriculture+%26+Industries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fagi.alabama.gov%2Fdocs%2Fdefault-source%2FPlant-Protection%2FIndustrial-Hemp%2Ffield_sampling_hemp.pdf%3Fsfvrsn%3D2&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-AZ1494-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-AZ1494_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.azleg.gov\/legtext\/54leg\/1R\/bills\/sb1494h.pdf\">\"Senate Bill 1494\"<\/a> (PDF). State of Arizona. 27 August 2019<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.azleg.gov\/legtext\/54leg\/1R\/bills\/sb1494h.pdf\">https:\/\/www.azleg.gov\/legtext\/54leg\/1R\/bills\/sb1494h.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Senate+Bill+1494&rft.atitle=&rft.date=27+August+2019&rft.pub=State+of+Arizona&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azleg.gov%2Flegtext%2F54leg%2F1R%2Fbills%2Fsb1494h.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-ADHSInfoUpd3-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-ADHSInfoUpd3_3-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Arizona Department of Health Services (30 October 2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.azdhs.gov\/documents\/licensing\/medical-marijuana\/applications\/info-upate-3.pdf\">\"Information Update - Medical Marijuana Laboratory Certification Program - Update #3\"<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.azdhs.gov\/documents\/licensing\/medical-marijuana\/applications\/info-upate-3.pdf\">https:\/\/www.azdhs.gov\/documents\/licensing\/medical-marijuana\/applications\/info-upate-3.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Information+Update+-+Medical+Marijuana+Laboratory+Certification+Program+-+Update+%233&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Arizona+Department+of+Health+Services&rft.au=Arizona+Department+of+Health+Services&rft.date=30+October+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.azdhs.gov%2Fdocuments%2Flicensing%2Fmedical-marijuana%2Fapplications%2Finfo-upate-3.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FAC64-4.016_18-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-FAC64-4.016_18_4-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flrules.org\/gateway\/ruleNo.asp?id=64-4.016\">\"Rule: 64-4.016\"<\/a>. <i>MyFLRules<\/i>. State of Florida. 09 January 2021<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flrules.org\/gateway\/ruleNo.asp?id=64-4.016\">https:\/\/www.flrules.org\/gateway\/ruleNo.asp?id=64-4.016<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Rule%3A+64-4.016&rft.atitle=MyFLRules&rft.date=09+January+2021&rft.pub=State+of+Florida&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flrules.org%2Fgateway%2FruleNo.asp%3Fid%3D64-4.016&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-GGAHB324_19-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-GGAHB324_19_5-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Georgia General Assembly (01 July 2019). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legis.ga.gov\/legislation\/55000\">\"2019-2020 Regular Session - HB 324, Georgia's Hope act; enact\"<\/a>. <i>Legislation<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legis.ga.gov\/legislation\/55000\">https:\/\/www.legis.ga.gov\/legislation\/55000<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=2019-2020+Regular+Session+-+HB+324%2C+Georgia%27s+Hope+act%3B+enact&rft.atitle=Legislation&rft.aulast=Georgia+General+Assembly&rft.au=Georgia+General+Assembly&rft.date=01+July+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legis.ga.gov%2Flegislation%2F55000&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-MDACHemp20-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-MDACHemp20_6-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Mississippi Department of Agriculture & Commerce (June 2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdac.ms.gov\/hemp-cultivation-in-ms\/\">\"Hemp Cultivation in Mississippi\"<\/a>. State of Mississippi<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mdac.ms.gov\/hemp-cultivation-in-ms\/\">https:\/\/www.mdac.ms.gov\/hemp-cultivation-in-ms\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(03 January 2021). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.app.com\/story\/news\/local\/new-jersey\/marijuana\/2021\/01\/01\/new-jersey-marijuana-legalization-legal-weed-vote-results-phil-murphy\/4079150001\/\">\"New Year's Day should have been the start of NJ legal weed. Instead, it's stuck in limbo.\"<\/a>. <i>app<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.app.com\/story\/news\/local\/new-jersey\/marijuana\/2021\/01\/01\/new-jersey-marijuana-legalization-legal-weed-vote-results-phil-murphy\/4079150001\/\">https:\/\/www.app.com\/story\/news\/local\/new-jersey\/marijuana\/2021\/01\/01\/new-jersey-marijuana-legalization-legal-weed-vote-results-phil-murphy\/4079150001\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=New+Year%27s+Day+should+have+been+the+start+of+NJ+legal+weed.+Instead%2C+it%27s+stuck+in+limbo.&rft.atitle=app&rft.aulast=Davis%2C+M.&rft.au=Davis%2C+M.&rft.date=03+January+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.app.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fnew-jersey%2Fmarijuana%2F2021%2F01%2F01%2Fnew-jersey-marijuana-legalization-legal-weed-vote-results-phil-murphy%2F4079150001%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FeblesReminder18-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-FeblesReminder18_8-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Febles, E. (September 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/industrialhemp.ces.ncsu.edu\/2018\/09\/hemp-reminders\/\">\"Reminders for Hemp License Holders\"<\/a>. <i>NC State Extensions - Industrial Hemp<\/i>. North Carolina State University<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/industrialhemp.ces.ncsu.edu\/2018\/09\/hemp-reminders\/\">https:\/\/industrialhemp.ces.ncsu.edu\/2018\/09\/hemp-reminders\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Reminders+for+Hemp+License+Holders&rft.atitle=NC+State+Extensions+-+Industrial+Hemp&rft.aulast=Febles%2C+E.&rft.au=Febles%2C+E.&rft.date=September+2018&rft.pub=North+Carolina+State+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findustrialhemp.ces.ncsu.edu%2F2018%2F09%2Fhemp-reminders%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-TNSenBill357-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-TNSenBill357_9-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Southerland, Nicely. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tn.gov\/content\/dam\/tn\/agriculture\/documents\/industrial-hemp\/pc0087.pdf\">\"Senate Bill No. 357\"<\/a> (PDF). State of Tennessee<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tn.gov\/content\/dam\/tn\/agriculture\/documents\/industrial-hemp\/pc0087.pdf\">https:\/\/www.tn.gov\/content\/dam\/tn\/agriculture\/documents\/industrial-hemp\/pc0087.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Senate+Bill+No.+357&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Southerland%2C+Nicely&rft.au=Southerland%2C+Nicely&rft.pub=State+of+Tennessee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tn.gov%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Ftn%2Fagriculture%2Fdocuments%2Findustrial-hemp%2Fpc0087.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-TDPSCompassion-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-TDPSCompassion_10-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dps.texas.gov\/rsd\/CUP\/index.htm\">\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\"<\/a>. <i>Compassionate Use Program<\/i>. Texas Department of Public Safety<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dps.texas.gov\/rsd\/CUP\/index.htm\">http:\/\/www.dps.texas.gov\/rsd\/CUP\/index.htm<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 02 February 2019<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions+%28FAQs%29&rft.atitle=Compassionate+Use+Program&rft.pub=Texas+Department+of+Public+Safety&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dps.texas.gov%2Frsd%2FCUP%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-APVermont18-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-APVermont18_11-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Associated Press (16 December 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/marijuana-legalization-vermont-governor-phil-scott\/\">\"Vermont Gov. Phil Scott signs bill legalizing marijuana with \"mixed emotions\"\"<\/a>. <i>CBS News<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/marijuana-legalization-vermont-governor-phil-scott\/\">https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/marijuana-legalization-vermont-governor-phil-scott\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 02 February 2019<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Vermont+Gov.+Phil+Scott+signs+bill+legalizing+marijuana+with+%22mixed+emotions%22&rft.atitle=CBS+News&rft.aulast=Associated+Press&rft.au=Associated+Press&rft.date=16+December+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmarijuana-legalization-vermont-governor-phil-scott%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-MBDVermont20-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-MBDVermont20_12-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/vermont-taking-applications-for-recreational-cannabis-regulatory-board\/\">\"Vermont looking to launch recreational cannabis regulatory board\"<\/a>. <i>Marijuana Business Daily<\/i>. 17 December 2020<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/vermont-taking-applications-for-recreational-cannabis-regulatory-board\/\">https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/vermont-taking-applications-for-recreational-cannabis-regulatory-board\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Vermont+looking+to+launch+recreational+cannabis+regulatory+board&rft.atitle=Marijuana+Business+Daily&rft.date=17+December+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmjbizdaily.com%2Fvermont-taking-applications-for-recreational-cannabis-regulatory-board%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-AMGSeven20-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-AMGSeven20_13-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/greenhealthdocs.com\/virginia-medical-cannabis-program\/\">\"CHAPTER 681 - An Act to amend and reenact \u00a7\u00a7 54.1-3408.3 and 54.1-3442.6 of the Code of Virginia, relating to Board of Pharmacy; cannabidiol oil and THC-A oil; regulation of pharmaceutical processors\"<\/a>. <i>Virginia Legislative Information System<\/i>. 21 March 2019<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/greenhealthdocs.com\/virginia-medical-cannabis-program\/\">https:\/\/greenhealthdocs.com\/virginia-medical-cannabis-program\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=CHAPTER+681+-+An+Act+to+amend+and+reenact+%C2%A7%C2%A7+54.1-3408.3+and+54.1-3442.6+of+the+Code+of+Virginia%2C+relating+to+Board+of+Pharmacy%3B+cannabidiol+oil+and+THC-A+oil%3B+regulation+of+pharmaceutical+processors&rft.atitle=Virginia+Legislative+Information+System&rft.date=21+March+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgreenhealthdocs.com%2Fvirginia-medical-cannabis-program%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-S1557-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-S1557_14-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">AMG (10 December 2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/lis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?191+ful+CHAP0681\">\"7 Things Every Patient Should Know About Virginia\u2019s New Medical Cannabis Program\"<\/a>. <i>Green Health Docs<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/lis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?191+ful+CHAP0681\">https:\/\/lis.virginia.gov\/cgi-bin\/legp604.exe?191+ful+CHAP0681<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=7+Things+Every+Patient+Should+Know+About+Virginia%E2%80%99s+New+Medical+Cannabis+Program&rft.atitle=Green+Health+Docs&rft.aulast=AMG&rft.au=AMG&rft.date=10+December+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flis.virginia.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Flegp604.exe%3F191%2Bful%2BCHAP0681&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WIHemp20-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-WIHemp20_15-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/datcp.wi.gov\/Documents\/HempFAQSampling.pdf\">\"Wisconsin Hemp Pilot Research Program\"<\/a> (PDF). =Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/datcp.wi.gov\/Documents\/HempFAQSampling.pdf\">https:\/\/datcp.wi.gov\/Documents\/HempFAQSampling.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Wisconsin+Hemp+Pilot+Research+Program&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=%3DWisconsin+Department+of+Agriculture%2C+Trade+and+Consumer+Protection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatcp.wi.gov%2FDocuments%2FHempFAQSampling.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.331 seconds\nReal time usage: 1.898 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 9151\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 14811\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 83804\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 27429\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 14\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 1\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","07b22d93b86c4d40427961cedaf7327f_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f7\/CCE_by_Draconis-_laboratory_work_on_plant_essences_and_cannabinoid_material.jpg\/700px-CCE_by_Draconis-_laboratory_work_on_plant_essences_and_cannabinoid_material.jpg"],"07b22d93b86c4d40427961cedaf7327f_timestamp":1610467634,"f0bd36085045856466817a1bcc5d8533_type":"article","f0bd36085045856466817a1bcc5d8533_title":"California Cannabis Testing Regulations","f0bd36085045856466817a1bcc5d8533_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations","f0bd36085045856466817a1bcc5d8533_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tCalifornia Cannabis Testing Regulations \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tNote: With this guide in general, and this chapter in particular, it should be noted that LabLynx isn't providing legal advice. Regulations change constantly, and it's ultimately up to the laboratory to be responsible for verifying legal requirements for compliance.\n\r\n\nThe passage of Proposition 215\u2014the Compassionate Use Act of 1996\u2014in California legalized the use, possession, and cultivation of cannabis by patients with a physician's recommendation to treat most any \"illness for which marijuana provides relief.\"[1] In 2016, Proposition 64 passed, legalizing the sale and distribution of recreational cannabis and cannabis infused products.[2] Since the passage of both, the regulations regarding testing of cannabis in the state have adapted and changed.\n\nContents\n\n1 California's cannabis testing regulations \n\n1.1 1. Laboratory licensing requirements \n1.2 2. Basic sampling requirements \n1.3 3. COC requirements \n1.4 4. Harvest batch sampling requirements \n1.5 5. Cannabis product and pre-roll batch sampling requirements \n1.6 6. Transportation requirements for cannabis goods \n1.7 7. Sample reception requirements \n1.8 8. SOP requirements \n1.9 9. Test method base requirements \n1.10 10. Test method validation requirements \n1.11 11. Testing requirements \n\n1.11.1 11.1 Moisture content and water activity \n1.11.2 11.2 Residual solvent\/processing chemicals \n1.11.3 11.3 Pesticides \n1.11.4 11.4 Microbial impurities \n1.11.5 11.5 Mycotoxins \n1.11.6 11.6 Foreign material \n1.11.7 11.7 Heavy metals \n1.11.8 11.8 Cannabinoids \n1.11.9 11.9 Terpenoids \n\n\n1.12 12. COA requirements \n1.13 13. Remediation and retesting requirements \n1.14 14. Sample retention requirements \n1.15 15. Laboratory quality assurance (LQA) requirements \n1.16 16. Laboratory quality control (LQC) requirements \n1.17 17. LOD and LOQ requirements \n1.18 18. Data package requirements \n1.19 19. Proficiency testing requirements \n1.20 20. Audit requirements \n1.21 21. Employee requirements \n1.22 22. Record retention requirements \n1.23 23. Track-and-trace requirements \n\n\n2 References \n\n\n\nCalifornia's cannabis testing regulations \n1. Laboratory licensing requirements \nThe laboratory must have ISO\/IEC 17025 accreditation for aspects being tested (e.g., cannabinoids, heavy metals, etc.), and the same accreditation must apply to all licensed testing lab locations. An interim testing license valid for 12 months is available before acquiring ISO\/IEC 17025 accreditation if all other requirements are met, with all accreditation results being supplied to the Bureau within one business day of receiving the results from the accrediting body. Laboratories must provide upon request by Bureau of Cannabis Control all accreditation certificates. Applications must include all accreditation certificates for cannabis testing, standard operating procedures (SOPs) for how the lab handles testing methods for all aspects being tested, method validation reports for all testing methods, and SOPs for sampling cannabis goods.[3]\n\n2. Basic sampling requirements \nIn addition to having sampling SOPs and making them available to samplers, all testing of samples (from test batches in final form only) must be conducted in the same laboratory, specifically the receiving laboratory. Proper storage procedures must be followed, and chain of custody (COC) must be maintained. If the regulatory compliance testing cannot be completed after sampling but before certificate of analysis (COA) is issued, the Bureau can approve resampling and testing by another licensed laboratory (if request protocol is followed).[3]\n\n3. COC requirements \nA collection of 11 items must be included on COC forms, from laboratory name and license number to printed name and signature of sampler. Additionally, if a sample changes custody (or is simply transported) or is destroyed, the date, time, printed name, and signature of the responsible individual must also be recorded on the COC. If a sample moves between two different licensees, the COC form can\u2019t be altered.[3]\n\n4. Harvest batch sampling requirements \nThe state defines a \u201charvest batch\u201d as \u201ca specifically identified quantity of dried flower or trim, leaves, and other cannabis plant matter that is uniform in strain, harvested at the same time, and, if applicable, cultivated using the same pesticides and other agricultural chemicals.\u201d[4] When sampling from a harvest batch, the sample should weigh 0.35% of the total harvest batch weight, though more can be used if required to ensure a representative sample for the required testing. When pulling from a harvest batch, that batch shall not exceed 50.0 pounds. If the harvest batch is unpacked, a specific number of increments must be used based on the batch size (in pounds)[3]:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTable 1. Increments per harvest batch size\n\n\nUnpacked Harvest Batch Size (pounds)\n\nNumber of Increments (per sample)\n\n\n\u2264 10.0\n\n8\n\n\n10.1 \u2013 20.0\n\n16\n\n\n20.1 \u2013 30.0\n\n23\n\n\n30.1 \u2013 40.0\n\n29\n\n\n40.1 \u2013 50.0\n\n34\n\n\n\nThe increments must be obtained from different locations in the batch, horizontally and vertically. If the batch is in multiple containers, you must pull, as best as possible, the same number of increments from each container.\n\n5. Cannabis product and pre-roll batch sampling requirements \nLike harvest batches, sampling requirements for cannabis product and pre-roll batches must be representative. Also similar to harvest batches, cannabis product and pre-roll batches can\u2019t be over a specific amount, in this case a quantity greater than 150,000 units. And likewise, representative samples must consist of increments relative to the size of the batch collected from[3]:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTable 2. Increments per product\/pre-roll batch size\n\n\nCannabis Product or Pre-roll\r\nBatch Size (units)\n\nNumber of Sample Increments\r\n(per sample)\n\n\n\u2264 50\n\n2\n\n\n51 \u2013 150\n\n3\n\n\n151 \u2013 500\n\n5\n\n\n501 \u2013 1,200\n\n8\n\n\n1,201 \u2013 3,200\n\n13\n\n\n3,201 \u2013 10,000\n\n20\n\n\n10,001 \u2013 35,000\n\n32\n\n\n35,001 \u2013 150,000\n\n50\n\n\n\n6. Transportation requirements for cannabis goods \nCannabis goods samples should never be visible, and locked in an apparatus that can be secured to the inside of a vehicle or trailer that has an alarm system. The vehicle and trailer itself must always be locked and secured, outside of residential areas. Contents must remain unaltered during transportation, and transportation routes must be directly from laboratory to laboratory, with exception of fuel, rest, and vehicle repair stops. Only people age 21 or older shall ever be allowed in the vehicle and\/or trailer, and only a qualified employee of the lab may be in the vehicle\/trailer during transportation. Vehicles\/trailers must be registered with the Bureau.[3]\n\n7. Sample reception requirements \nA sample may not be received without an accompanying COC form. Recipient must date and print and sign the COC form. Samples without COC forms, with broken tamper-evident material, or that are contaminated\/degraded\/rendered unusable shall never be analyzed and released for retail sale.[3]\n\n8. SOP requirements \nSOPs submitted to the Bureau must incorporate sample preparation and test method documentation. Those SOPs must always be available to laboratory employees during operating hours and be available by request from the Bureau at any time.[3]\n\n9. Test method base requirements \nDeveloped test methods must be validated as well as implemented. The test methods must be in line with the Food and Drug Administration\u2019s (FDA) Bacterial Analytical Manual (2016), the AOAC International Official Methods of Analysis for Contaminant Testing of AOAC International (20th ed.), and United States Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary\u2019s Methods of Analysis for Contaminant Testing (2016).[3] \n\n10. Test method validation requirements \nNonstandard, amplified, modified, and lab-developed validation methods are acceptable. The FDA\u2019s Guidelines for the Validation of Analytical Methods for the Detection of Microbial Pathogens in Foods and Feed (2nd ed.) must be followed for microbial sample analysis. The FDA\u2019s Guidelines for the Validation of Chemical Methods for the FDA FVM Program (2nd ed.) must be followed for chemical sample analysis. Each test method must have a generated validation report to go with it, which includes instrument calibration data, raw data, reference material data, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) determination data, LCQ report, documentation, and manager review, date, and signature. Any changes to existing test methods or newly developed test methods must be submitted to the Bureau within five business days as a new validation report using Notification and Request Form BCC-LIC-027.[3]\n\n11. Testing requirements \nCollected sample increments must be homogenized prior to testing. Samples shall be tested for cannabinoids, foreign material, heavy metals, microbial contaminates, mycotoxins, moisture content, water activity, residual pesticides, residual solvents\/processing chemicals, and terpenoids, if applicable. The results for all these tests shall appear on the associated COC form for the sample. Regulatory compliance testing is also required for each sample. In all cases, products whose samples fail tests can\u2019t be sold in retail. Any additional tests beyond the required that result in failure still render a sample as having failed testing and that product being ineligible for retail sale.[3]\n\n11.1 Moisture content and water activity \nDried flower = Minimum 0.5 grams of representative sample; water activity must not exceed 0.65 Aw, indicated as \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d on the COA; moisture content shall have the value reported as a percentage on the COA. \nSolid edible cannabis product = Minimum 0.5 grams of representative sample; water activity must not exceed 0.85 Aw, indicated as \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d on the COA.\n\n11.2 Residual solvent\/processing chemicals \nMinimum 0.25 grams of representative sample; reported as micrograms per gram (\u00b5g\/g) on the COA, indicated as well with \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d; \u201cpass\u201d is assigned when the presence of any listed item doesn\u2019t exceed indicated action level. (Exclusions apply for ethanol in alcohol-containing orally-consumed products and ethanol or isopropyl alcohol in topical cannabis goods.)[3]\n\r\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTable 3. Action levels for residual solvents\/processing chemicals in cannabis products\n\n\nCategory I Residual Solvent\r\nor Processing Chemical\n\nCAS No.\n\nCannabis Product or Pre-Roll\r\nAction Level (\u00b5g\/g)\n\n\n1,2-Dichloroethane\n\n107-06-2\n\n1.0\n\n\nBenzene\n\n71-43-2\n\n1.0\n\n\nChloroform\n\n67-66-3\n\n1.0\n\n\nEthylene oxide\n\n75-21-8\n\n1.0\n\n\nMethylene chloride\n\n75-09-2\n\n1.0\n\n\nTrichloroethylene\n\n79-01-6\n\n1.0\n\n\nCategory II Residual Solvent\r\nor Processing Chemical\n\nCAS No.\n\nCannabis Product or Pre-Roll\r\nAction Level (\u00b5g\/g)\n\n\nAcetone\n\n67-64-1\n\n5000\n\n\nAcetonitrile\n\n75-05-8\n\n410\n\n\nButane\n\n106-97-8\n\n5000\n\n\nEthanol\n\n64-17-5\n\n5000\n\n\nEthyl acetate\n\n141-78-6\n\n5000\n\n\nEthyl ether\n\n60-29-7\n\n5000\n\n\nHeptane\n\n142-82-5\n\n5000\n\n\nHexane\n\n110-54-3\n\n290\n\n\nIsopropyl alcohol\n\n67-63-0\n\n5000\n\n\nMethanol\n\n67-56-1\n\n3000\n\n\nPentane\n\n109-66-0\n\n5000\n\n\nPropane\n\n74-98-6\n\n5000\n\n\nToluene\n\n108-88-3\n\n890\n\n\nTotal xylenes (ortho-, meta-, para-)\n\n1330-20-7\n\n2170\n\n\n\n11.3 Pesticides \nMinimum 0.5 grams of representative sample; report presence of any residual pesticide from Category I (with limit of quantitation of 0.10 \u00b5g\/g or lower) and micrograms per gram (\u00b5g\/g) of any residual pesticide from Category II, indicated as \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d on the COA; a sample passes residual pesticide testing if BOTH are true: no Category I pesticide is detected and Category II pesticides, if detected, don\u2019t exceed indicated action levels[3]:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTable 4. Category I residual pesticides\n\n\nCategory I Residual Pesticide\n\nCAS No.\n\n\nAldicarb\n\n116-06-3\n\n\nCarbofuran\n\n1563-66-2\n\n\nChlordane\n\n57-74-9\n\n\nChlorfenapyr\n\n122453-73-0\n\n\nChlorpyrifos\n\n2921-88-2\n\n\nCoumaphos\n\n56-72-4\n\n\nDaminozide\n\n1596-84-5\n\n\nDDVP (Dichlorvos)\n\n62-73-7\n\n\nDimethoate\n\n60-51-5\n\n\nEthoprop(hos)\n\n13194-48-4\n\n\nEtofenprox\n\n80844-07-1\n\n\nFenoxycarb\n\n72490-01-8\n\n\nFipronil\n\n120068-37-3\n\n\nImazalil\n\n35554-44-0\n\n\nMethiocarb\n\n2032-65-7\n\n\nMethyl parathion\n\n298-00-0\n\n\nMevinphos\n\n7786-34-7\n\n\nPaclobutrazol\n\n76738-62-0\n\n\nPropoxur\n\n114-26-1\n\n\nSpiroxamine\n\n118134-30-8\n\n\nThiacloprid\n\n111988-49-9\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTable 5. Category II residual pesticides\n\n\nCategory II Residual Pesticide\n\nCAS No.\n\nAction Level (\u00b5g\/g)\r\nInhalable Cannabis Goods\n\nAction Level (\u00b5g\/g)\r\nOther Cannabis Goods\n\n\nAbamectin\n\n71751-41-2\n\n0.1\n\n0.3\n\n\nAcephate\n\n30560-19-1\n\n0.1\n\n5\n\n\nAcequinocyl\n\n57960-19-7\n\n0.1\n\n4\n\n\nAcetamiprid\n\n135410-20-7\n\n0.1\n\n5\n\n\nAzoxystrobin\n\n131860-33-8\n\n0.1\n\n40\n\n\nBifenazate\n\n149877-41-8\n\n0.1\n\n5\n\n\nBifenthrin\n\n82657-04-3\n\n3\n\n0.5\n\n\nBoscalid\n\n188425-85-6\n\n0.1\n\n10\n\n\nCaptan\n\n133-06-2\n\n0.7\n\n5\n\n\nCarbaryl\n\n63-25-2\n\n0.5\n\n0.5\n\n\nChlorantraniliprole\n\n500008-45-7\n\n10\n\n40\n\n\nClofentezine\n\n74115-24-5\n\n0.1\n\n0.5\n\n\nCyfluthrin\n\n68359-37-5\n\n2\n\n1\n\n\nCypermethrin\n\n52315-07-8\n\n1\n\n1\n\n\nDiazinon\n\n333-41-5\n\n0.1\n\n0.2\n\n\nDimethomorph\n\n110488-70-5\n\n2\n\n20\n\n\nEtoxazole\n\n153233-91-1\n\n0.1\n\n1.5\n\n\nFenhexamid\n\n126833-17-8\n\n0.1\n\n10\n\n\nFenpyroximate\n\n111812-58-9\n\n0.1\n\n2\n\n\nFlonicamid\n\n158062-67-0\n\n0.1\n\n2\n\n\nFludioxonil\n\n131341-86-1\n\n0.1\n\n30\n\n\nHexythiazox\n\n78587-05-0\n\n0.1\n\n2\n\n\nImidacloprid\n\n138261-41-3\n\n5\n\n3\n\n\nKresoxim-methyl\n\n143390-89-0\n\n0.1\n\n1\n\n\nMalathion\n\n121-75-5\n\n0.5\n\n5\n\n\nMetalaxyl\n\n57837-19-1\n\n2\n\n15\n\n\nMethomyl\n\n16752-77-5\n\n1\n\n0.1\n\n\nMyclobutanil\n\n88671-89-0\n\n0.1\n\n9\n\n\nNaled\n\n300-76-5\n\n0.1\n\n0.5\n\n\nOxamyl\n\n23135-22-0\n\n0.5\n\n0.2\n\n\nPentachloronitrobenzene\n\n82-68-8\n\n0.1\n\n0.2\n\n\nPermethrin\n\n52645-53-1\n\n0.5\n\n20\n\n\nPhosmet\n\n732-11-6\n\n0.1\n\n0.2\n\n\nPiperonylbutoxide\n\n51-03-6\n\n3\n\n8\n\n\nPrallethrin\n\n23031-36-9\n\n0.1\n\n0.4\n\n\nPropiconazole\n\n60207-90-1\n\n0.1\n\n20\n\n\nPyrethrins\n\n8003-34-7\n\n0.5\n\n1\n\n\nPyridaben\n\n96489-71-3\n\n0.1\n\n3\n\n\nSpinetoram\n\n187166-15-0, 187166-40-1\n\n0.1\n\n3\n\n\nSpinosad\n\n131929-60-7, 131929-63-0\n\n0.1\n\n3\n\n\nSpiromesifen\n\n283594-90-1\n\n0.1\n\n12\n\n\nSpirotetramat\n\n203313-25-1\n\n0.1\n\n13\n\n\nTebuconazole\n\n107534-96-3\n\n0.1\n\n2\n\n\nThiamethoxam\n\n153719-23-4\n\n5\n\n4.5\n\n\nTrifloxystrobin\n\n141517-21-7\n\n0.1\n\n30\n\n\n\n11.4 Microbial impurities \nMinimum 1.0 grams of representative sample; results indicated as \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d on the COA. \nInhalable cannabis sample passes testing if shiga toxin\u2013producing Escherichia coli; Salmonella spp.; and pathogenic Aspergillus species A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, and A. terreus are not detected in 1.0 grams. Non-inhalable cannabis sample passes if both shiga toxin\u2013producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are not detected in 1.0 grams.[3]\n\n11.5 Mycotoxins \nMinimum 0.5 grams of representative sample; results posted as micrograms per kilograms (\u00b5g\/kg) on the COA, indicated as well with \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d; sample passes testing if both total of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 does not exceed 20 \u00b5g\/kg and Ochratoxin A does not exceed 20 \u00b5g\/kg.[3]\n\n11.6 Foreign material \nAnalyze the total representative sample prior to sample homogenization to determine whether foreign material is present; indicated on COA with \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail.\u201d Samples pass testing if sand\/soil\/dirt doesn\u2019t exceed a fourth of the total sample area, mold doesn\u2019t exceed a fourth of the total sample area, embedded foreign material doesn\u2019t exceed a fourth of the total sample area, and if they contain less than one insect fragment\/hair\/mammalian excreta per 3.0 grams of sample.[3]\n\n11.7 Heavy metals \nMinimum 0.5 grams of representative sample; reported as micrograms per gram (\u00b5g\/g) on the COA, indicated as well with \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail.\u201d Sample passes testing if it doesn\u2019t exceed the action levels for four heavy metals[3]:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTable 6. Action levels for heavy metals\n\n\nHeavy Metal\n\nAction Level (\u00b5g\/g)\r\nInhalable Cannabis Goods\n\nAction Level (\u00b5g\/g)\r\nOther Cannabis Goods\n\n\nCadmium\n\n0.2\n\n0.5\n\n\nLead\n\n0.5\n\n0.5\n\n\nArsenic\n\n0.2\n\n1.5\n\n\nMercury\n\n0.1\n\n3.0\n\n\n\n11.8 Cannabinoids \nMinimum 0.5 grams of representative sample. A limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.0 mg\/g or lower shall be established for all cannabinoids, with any cannabinoid found to be less than the LOQ reported on the COA as \u201c<1 mg\/g\u201d if by dry weight or \u201c<1 mg\/mL\u201d if by volume. The COA shall report THC, THCA, CBD, and CBDA as a percentage unless it is from a harvest batch, in which case a dry-weight percent shall be used, calculated as[3]: \n\ndry-weight percent cannabinoid = wet-weight percent cannabinoid \/ (1 \u2013 percent moisture \/ 100)\nThe COA shall report total THC and total CBD as a percentage; the COA shall ALSO show all the above in milligrams per gram (mg\/g) if by dry-weight or milligrams per milliliter (mg\/mL) if by volume. Note that total THC and CBD concentrations shall be calculated differently whether based on weight or volume[3]:\n\nWeight: total cannabinoid concentration (mg\/g) = (cannabinoid acid form concentration (mg\/g) x 0.877) + cannabinoid concentration (mg\/g)\nVolume: Total cannabinoid concentration (mg\/mL) = (cannabinoid acid form concentration (mg\/mL) x 0.877) + cannabinoid concentration (mg\/mL)\nIf the cannabis product is packaged or in serving size, report THC, CBD, total THC, and total CBD on the COA in milligrams per package or serving. Any other cannabinoids not mentioned shall be reported on the COA both as a percentage and in either milligrams per gram (mg\/g) if by weight or milligrams per milliliter (mg\/mL) if by volume. COA should also clearly indicate \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d overall for cannabinoid testing.\nA sample passes testing if[3]: \n\n edibles \u2013 milligrams per serving for THC no greater than 10\n non-orally-dissolving edibles for medical use only \u2013 milligrams per package for THC no greater than 100\n orally-dissolving edibles for medical use only \u2013 milligrams per package for THC no greater than 500\n cannabis concentrates and topical goods - milligrams per package for THC no greater than 1000\n cannabis concentrates and topical goods for medical use only - milligrams per package for THC no greater than 2000\n11.9 Terpenoids \nIf requested, minimum 0.5 gram of representative sample required. Results are posted as both a percentage and in either milligrams per gram (mg\/g) if by weight or milligrams per milliliter (mg\/mL) if by volume on the COA.[3]\n\n12. COA requirements \nAlong with all those previously mentioned COA requirements, a generated COA must be uploaded into the track-and-trace system and emailed to the Bureau (bcc.labs@dca.ca.gov) within one business day of completing all sample analysis, and before any other entity is given the corresponding test results. The COA itself must contain the text \u201cRegulatory Compliance Testing\u201d in 14-point or greater font in the upper right-hand corner of each page, with no images or text appearing above the term. It must also contain laboratory demographics (including license number), distributor demographics (including license number), and cultivator demographics (including license number). Additionally: batch number, sample identifier, sample history, unobstructed photo, total weight of batch\/sample, total unit count, density, test method, instrumentation, LOD, LOQ, attestation, and unknown\/unidentified\/injurious analytes detected. The final COA must be reviewed by the supervisor, dated, and signed.\nAdditional requirements for each representative sample: issue an overall \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d for entire batch; issue a \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d for any qualitative results for analytes and appropriate units of measure for quantitative; issue a \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d for each test method. When reporting, with the exception of cannabinoid results, use \u201c<LOQ\u201d for analytes detected below analytical method LOQ; \u201cND\u201d for reporting analytes not detected or below LOD; and \u201cNT\u201d for any test not performed.[3]\n\n13. Remediation and retesting requirements \n\u201cCannabis remediation\u201d largely means safely extracting contaminated sample\/batch into oils and concentrates or \u201ccleaning\u201d contaminates from a sample\/batch. A licensed distributor or microbusiness is responsible for arranging remediation with the producer. If it can\u2019t be remediated, they are also responsible for destruction, and the sample\/batch can\u2019t be retested. If it can\u2019t be remediated after two attempts by the producer, the entire batch must be destroyed. Per the COA requirements, any new COA from a remediated sample must be sent to the Bureau within one business day.[3]\n\n14. Sample retention requirements \nLaboratories must retain a reserve sample (not used in the testing process) for at least 45 days after analysis is complete, upon which it may be destroyed and denatured to the point of being unusable\/unrecognizable. Sample storage must be secure and environmentally stable so as to not contaminate or degrade the sample. Reserve samples must be provided to the Bureau upon request.[3]\n\n15. Laboratory quality assurance (LQA) requirements \nThe licensed laboratory must have an LQA program implemented, which includes a manual that addresses quality control, GLP training, objectives for measurement data, traceability, instrument maintenance\/calibration, auditing, corrective action, process amendment steps, record retention, document control, standardization methods, and method validation. The LQA program and manual must be reviewed annually, amended if necessary, and approved.[3]\n\n16. Laboratory quality control (LQC) requirements \nLQC samples are required and shall be analyzed in the same way as other samples analyzed in the laboratory. Negative and positive controls, as well as a replicate sample, must be used for microbial testing for each analytical batch. Unexpected results require a new set of controls. Corrective action must be taken if results are outside of acceptance criteria, until results are within acceptance parameters.\nEach analytical batch must have at least one each of a method blank, laboratory control sample, and replicate\/matrix spike sample. A continuing calibration verification (CCV) sample must be used at the beginning of analysis and every 10 samples after. Corrective action must be taken if results are outside of acceptance criteria, until results are within acceptance parameters.\nDuring any testing, if analyte is detected above any action level, the laboratory must prepare another sample and reanalyze it in replicate within another analytical batch. Quantitative analyses require both to be RPD \u226430%, while qualitative requires both to concur. If this leads to LQCs outside of the acceptance criteria again, results can\u2019t be reported and the batch can\u2019t be approved for retail sale. Corrective action is required to comply. Any result declared a false-positive or \u2013negative may require re-sampling or \u2013testing by the Bureau. A unified LQC report for each batch is required after all testing.[3]\n\n17. LOD and LOQ requirements \nLimits of detection (LOD) for chemical analyses shall be calculated using signal-to-noise ratio of between 3:1 and 2:1, using: LOD = (3.3 x standard deviation of the response) \/ slope of the calibration curve with minimum of seven spiked blank samples, or FDA\/EPA published methods. \nLimits of quantitation (LOQ) for chemical analyses shall be calculated using signal-to-noise ratio of 10:1, at minimum, using: LOQ = (10 \u00d7 standard deviation of the response) \/ slope of the calibration curve with minimum of seven spiked blank samples, or FDA\/EPA published methods.[3]\n\n18. Data package requirements \nEach analyzed representative sample shall have a completed data package (including cover page and checklist BCC-LIC-024), which must be produced upon Bureau request.[3]\n\n19. Proficiency testing requirements \nAt least once every six months, the licensed laboratory must participate in an ISO\/IEC 17043-accredited proficiency testing program. Additionally, every year the laboratory should complete a proficiency program for cannabinoid, heavy metal, microbial, mycotoxin, pesticide, solvent, and terpenoid test methods. All proficiency testing programs should follow the laboratory\u2019s existing SOPs and be rotated among the laboratorians analyzing samples. These programs must be reported upon and signed with attestation that SOPs were followed. These reports must be reviewed by supervisory personnel and delivered to the Bureau within three business days using form BCC-LIC-027. Any results for analytes deemed unacceptable, questionable, unsatisfactory, etc. may not be reported until the laboratory both remedies the failure for each analyte and includes a corrective action report showing how the failure was remedied.[3]\n\n20. Audit requirements \nInternal laboratory audits must be conducted once per year or according to ISO\/IEC 17025 requirements, whichever is more frequent, and the audit should be conducted to ISO\/IEC 17025 standards. Results of internal and on-site audits must be submitted to the Bureau within three business days using form BCC-LIC-027.[3]\n\n21. Employee requirements \nEmployee age minimum is 21, and all employees must complete a documented training program for the work they will perform. At least one supervisor\/management employee must be affiliated with the laboratory, who oversees and directs the laboratory\u2019s methods, LQA program, and ongoing training. That supervisor\/manager must at minimum have an appropriate doctoral degree, master\u2019s degree, bachelor\u2019s degree, and relevant full-time practical experience. Any analyst must have either a master\u2019s or industry-specific bachelor\u2019s degree or completed a two-year education with relevant coursework plus three years of full-time practical experience. Any sampler must have completed a two-year program or earned a high-school diploma\/GED plus one-year of full-time practical experience.[3]\n\n22. Record retention requirements \nSpecific records must be retained for at least seven years: financial records, personnel records, training records, contracts with other licensees, permits, licenses, other authorizations, security records, destruction records, track-and-trace data documentation, and other documents in connection with license commercial cannabis business. All records shall be legible and stored in a secured area. The Bureau must be given access to these records to perform its duties, without notice, and even during times outside standard business hours. Records should be able to be produced immediately upon request, either electronic or physical.[3]\n\n23. Track-and-trace requirements \nThe State of California mandates the use of the California Cannabis Track-and-Trace system, which uses the Metrc software platform created by Franwell, Inc. (CCTT-Metrc). The designated account manager for the laboratory is required to register for and complete the associated CCTT-Metrc training program before an annual license to the software is issued. Afterwards, the designated account manager will be responsible for ordering and assigning unique identifiers (UIDs), when necessary. Incoming batches will already be tagged with UIDs and need to be scanned into CCTT-Metrc upon receipt; the same can be said about shipping out of the laboratory. However, samples taken from a batch at the laboratory will presumably have to be tagged with a UID as a new \u201cpackage\u201d as well and tracked in CCTT-Metrc.[5][6][7]\n\nReferences \n\n\n\u2191 \"Medicinal Marijuana Laws\". Sacramento County Public Law Library. May 2019. https:\/\/saclaw.org\/articles\/marijuana-laws-in-california-edl\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 McGreevy, P. (08 November 2016). \"Californians vote to legalize recreational use of marijuana in the state\". Los Angeles Times. https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/nation\/politics\/trailguide\/la-na-election-day-2016-proposition-64-marijuana-1478281845-htmlstory.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 \"California Code of Regulations Title 16, Division 42, Bureau of Cannabis Control - Order of Adoption\". State of California. 16 January 2019. https:\/\/www.bcc.ca.gov\/law_regs\/cannabis_order_of_adoption.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Business and Professions Code - BPC, Division 10. Cannabis 26000 - 26002 - CHAPTER 1. General Provisions and Definitions\". California Legislative Information. State of California. 08 November 2016. https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=26001.&lawCode=BPC . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Denholm, S. (30 January 2018). \"Metrc: Introduction to California Cannabis Track-and-Trace System\" (PDF). California Department of Food & Agriculture. https:\/\/static.cdfa.ca.gov\/MCCP\/document\/Introduction%20to%20CCTT%20System%20v1.2_1.30.18.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Frequently Asked Questions: California Track-and-Trace System\" (PDF). California Department of Food & Agriculture. 15 August 2018. https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/FAQ_CCTT_8.15.18.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"California Cannabis Track-and-Trace System\" (PDF). California Department of Food & Agriculture. September 2018. https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/Track-and-Trace-5-Step-Sheet-Compliant.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\n\r\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 17 March 2019, at 18:36.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 815 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","f0bd36085045856466817a1bcc5d8533_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">California Cannabis Testing Regulations<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:California_Locator_Map_with_US.PNG\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"3dd50f1e9f7bda2d78ccd6bb89c1a5f5\"><img alt=\"California Locator Map with US.PNG\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/68\/California_Locator_Map_with_US.PNG\/450px-California_Locator_Map_with_US.PNG\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div><b>Note<\/b>: With this guide in general, and this chapter in particular, it should be noted that LabLynx isn't providing legal advice. Regulations change constantly, and it's ultimately up to the laboratory to be responsible for verifying legal requirements for compliance.\n<p><br \/>\nThe passage of Proposition 215\u2014the Compassionate Use Act of 1996\u2014in California legalized the use, possession, and cultivation of cannabis by patients with a physician's recommendation to treat most any \"illness for which marijuana provides relief.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SCPLLMedicinal18_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SCPLLMedicinal18-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> In 2016, Proposition 64 passed, legalizing the sale and distribution of recreational cannabis and cannabis infused products.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-McGreevyCali16_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-McGreevyCali16-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> Since the passage of both, the regulations regarding testing of cannabis in the state have adapted and changed.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"nonumtoc\">\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"California.27s_cannabis_testing_regulations\">California's cannabis testing regulations<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"1._Laboratory_licensing_requirements\">1. Laboratory licensing requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The laboratory must have ISO\/IEC 17025 accreditation for aspects being tested (e.g., cannabinoids, heavy metals, etc.), and the same accreditation must apply to all licensed testing lab locations. An interim testing license valid for 12 months is available before acquiring ISO\/IEC 17025 accreditation if all other requirements are met, with all accreditation results being supplied to the Bureau within one business day of receiving the results from the accrediting body. Laboratories must provide upon request by Bureau of Cannabis Control all accreditation certificates. Applications must include all accreditation certificates for cannabis testing, standard operating procedures (SOPs) for how the lab handles testing methods for all aspects being tested, method validation reports for all testing methods, and SOPs for sampling cannabis goods.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"2._Basic_sampling_requirements\">2. Basic sampling requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In addition to having sampling SOPs and making them available to samplers, all testing of samples (from test batches in final form only) must be conducted in the same laboratory, specifically the receiving laboratory. Proper storage procedures must be followed, and chain of custody (COC) must be maintained. If the regulatory compliance testing cannot be completed after sampling but before certificate of analysis (COA) is issued, the Bureau can approve resampling and testing by another licensed laboratory (if request protocol is followed).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"3._COC_requirements\">3. COC requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A collection of 11 items must be included on COC forms, from laboratory name and license number to printed name and signature of sampler. Additionally, if a sample changes custody (or is simply transported) or is destroyed, the date, time, printed name, and signature of the responsible individual must also be recorded on the COC. If a sample moves between two different licensees, the COC form can\u2019t be altered.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4._Harvest_batch_sampling_requirements\">4. Harvest batch sampling requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The state defines a \u201charvest batch\u201d as \u201ca specifically identified quantity of dried flower or trim, leaves, and other cannabis plant matter that is uniform in strain, harvested at the same time, and, if applicable, cultivated using the same pesticides and other agricultural chemicals.\u201d<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CLIBPCDiv10_16_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CLIBPCDiv10_16-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> When sampling from a harvest batch, the sample should weigh 0.35% of the total harvest batch weight, though more can be used if required to ensure a representative sample for the required testing. When pulling from a harvest batch, that batch shall not exceed 50.0 pounds. If the harvest batch is unpacked, a specific number of increments must be used based on the batch size (in pounds)<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<table style=\"\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"\">\n\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\" colspan=\"2\"><b>Table 1.<\/b> Increments per harvest batch size\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Unpacked Harvest Batch Size (pounds)\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Number of Increments (per sample)\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\u2264 10.0\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">8\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">10.1 \u2013 20.0\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">16\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">20.1 \u2013 30.0\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">23\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">30.1 \u2013 40.0\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">29\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">40.1 \u2013 50.0\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">34\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n<p>The increments must be obtained from different locations in the batch, horizontally and vertically. If the batch is in multiple containers, you must pull, as best as possible, the same number of increments from each container.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"5._Cannabis_product_and_pre-roll_batch_sampling_requirements\">5. Cannabis product and pre-roll batch sampling requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Like harvest batches, sampling requirements for cannabis product and pre-roll batches must be representative. Also similar to harvest batches, cannabis product and pre-roll batches can\u2019t be over a specific amount, in this case a quantity greater than 150,000 units. And likewise, representative samples must consist of increments relative to the size of the batch collected from<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<table style=\"\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"\">\n\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\" colspan=\"2\"><b>Table 2.<\/b> Increments per product\/pre-roll batch size\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis Product or Pre-roll<br \/>Batch Size (units)\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Number of Sample Increments<br \/>(per sample)\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">\u2264 50\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">51 \u2013 150\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">3\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">151 \u2013 500\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">501 \u2013 1,200\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">8\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1,201 \u2013 3,200\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">13\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">3,201 \u2013 10,000\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">20\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">10,001 \u2013 35,000\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">32\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">35,001 \u2013 150,000\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">50\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"6._Transportation_requirements_for_cannabis_goods\">6. Transportation requirements for cannabis goods<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Cannabis goods samples should never be visible, and locked in an apparatus that can be secured to the inside of a vehicle or trailer that has an alarm system. The vehicle and trailer itself must always be locked and secured, outside of residential areas. Contents must remain unaltered during transportation, and transportation routes must be directly from laboratory to laboratory, with exception of fuel, rest, and vehicle repair stops. Only people age 21 or older shall ever be allowed in the vehicle and\/or trailer, and only a qualified employee of the lab may be in the vehicle\/trailer during transportation. Vehicles\/trailers must be registered with the Bureau.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"7._Sample_reception_requirements\">7. Sample reception requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A sample may not be received without an accompanying COC form. Recipient must date and print and sign the COC form. Samples without COC forms, with broken tamper-evident material, or that are contaminated\/degraded\/rendered unusable shall never be analyzed and released for retail sale.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"8._SOP_requirements\">8. SOP requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>SOPs submitted to the Bureau must incorporate sample preparation and test method documentation. Those SOPs must always be available to laboratory employees during operating hours and be available by request from the Bureau at any time.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"9._Test_method_base_requirements\">9. Test method base requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Developed test methods must be validated as well as implemented. The test methods must be in line with the Food and Drug Administration\u2019s (FDA) <i>Bacterial Analytical Manual<\/i> (2016), the AOAC International <i>Official Methods of Analysis for Contaminant Testing of AOAC International<\/i> (20th ed.), and United States Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary\u2019s <i>Methods of Analysis for Contaminant Testing<\/i> (2016).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> \n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"10._Test_method_validation_requirements\">10. Test method validation requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Nonstandard, amplified, modified, and lab-developed validation methods are acceptable. The FDA\u2019s <i>Guidelines for the Validation of Analytical Methods for the Detection of Microbial Pathogens in Foods and Feed<\/i> (2nd ed.) must be followed for microbial sample analysis. The FDA\u2019s <i>Guidelines for the Validation of Chemical Methods for the FDA FVM Program<\/i> (2nd ed.) must be followed for chemical sample analysis. Each test method must have a generated validation report to go with it, which includes instrument calibration data, raw data, reference material data, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) determination data, LCQ report, documentation, and manager review, date, and signature. Any changes to existing test methods or newly developed test methods must be submitted to the Bureau within five business days as a new validation report using Notification and Request Form BCC-LIC-027.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11._Testing_requirements\">11. Testing requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Collected sample increments must be homogenized prior to testing. Samples shall be tested for cannabinoids, foreign material, heavy metals, microbial contaminates, mycotoxins, moisture content, water activity, residual pesticides, residual solvents\/processing chemicals, and terpenoids, if applicable. The results for all these tests shall appear on the associated COC form for the sample. Regulatory compliance testing is also required for each sample. In all cases, products whose samples fail tests can\u2019t be sold in retail. Any additional tests beyond the required that result in failure still render a sample as having failed testing and that product being ineligible for retail sale.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.1_Moisture_content_and_water_activity\">11.1 Moisture content and water activity<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Dried flower = Minimum 0.5 grams of representative sample; water activity must not exceed 0.65 Aw, indicated as \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d on the COA; moisture content shall have the value reported as a percentage on the COA. \n<\/p><p>Solid edible cannabis product = Minimum 0.5 grams of representative sample; water activity must not exceed 0.85 Aw, indicated as \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d on the COA.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.2_Residual_solvent.2Fprocessing_chemicals\">11.2 Residual solvent\/processing chemicals<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Minimum 0.25 grams of representative sample; reported as micrograms per gram (\u00b5g\/g) on the COA, indicated as well with \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d; \u201cpass\u201d is assigned when the presence of any listed item doesn\u2019t exceed indicated action level. (Exclusions apply for ethanol in alcohol-containing orally-consumed products and ethanol or isopropyl alcohol in topical cannabis goods.)<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<table style=\"\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"\">\n\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\" colspan=\"3\"><b>Table 3.<\/b> Action levels for residual solvents\/processing chemicals in cannabis products\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Category I Residual Solvent<br \/>or Processing Chemical\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">CAS No.\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis Product or Pre-Roll<br \/>Action Level (\u00b5g\/g)\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1,2-Dichloroethane\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">107-06-2\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1.0\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Benzene\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">71-43-2\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1.0\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Chloroform\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">67-66-3\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1.0\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Ethylene oxide\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">75-21-8\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1.0\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Methylene chloride\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">75-09-2\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1.0\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Trichloroethylene\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">79-01-6\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1.0\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Category II Residual Solvent<br \/>or Processing Chemical\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">CAS No.\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis Product or Pre-Roll<br \/>Action Level (\u00b5g\/g)\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Acetone\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">67-64-1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Acetonitrile\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">75-05-8\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">410\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Butane\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">106-97-8\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Ethanol\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">64-17-5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Ethyl acetate\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">141-78-6\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Ethyl ether\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">60-29-7\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Heptane\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">142-82-5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Hexane\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">110-54-3\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">290\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Isopropyl alcohol\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">67-63-0\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Methanol\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">67-56-1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">3000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Pentane\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">109-66-0\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Propane\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">74-98-6\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Toluene\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">108-88-3\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">890\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Total xylenes (ortho-, meta-, para-)\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1330-20-7\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2170\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.3_Pesticides\">11.3 Pesticides<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Minimum 0.5 grams of representative sample; report presence of any residual pesticide from Category I (with limit of quantitation of 0.10 \u00b5g\/g or lower) and micrograms per gram (\u00b5g\/g) of any residual pesticide from Category II, indicated as \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d on the COA; a sample passes residual pesticide testing if BOTH are true: no Category I pesticide is detected and Category II pesticides, if detected, don\u2019t exceed indicated action levels<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<table style=\"\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"\">\n\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\" colspan=\"2\"><b>Table 4.<\/b> Category I residual pesticides\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Category I Residual Pesticide\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">CAS No.\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Aldicarb\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">116-06-3\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Carbofuran\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1563-66-2\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Chlordane\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">57-74-9\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Chlorfenapyr\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">122453-73-0\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Chlorpyrifos\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2921-88-2\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Coumaphos\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">56-72-4\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Daminozide\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1596-84-5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">DDVP (Dichlorvos)\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">62-73-7\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Dimethoate\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">60-51-5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Ethoprop(hos)\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">13194-48-4\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Etofenprox\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">80844-07-1\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Fenoxycarb\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">72490-01-8\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Fipronil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">120068-37-3\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Imazalil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">35554-44-0\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Methiocarb\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2032-65-7\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Methyl parathion\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">298-00-0\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Mevinphos\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">7786-34-7\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Paclobutrazol\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">76738-62-0\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Propoxur\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">114-26-1\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Spiroxamine\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">118134-30-8\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Thiacloprid\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">111988-49-9\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n<table style=\"\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"\">\n\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\" colspan=\"4\"><b>Table 5.<\/b> Category II residual pesticides\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Category II Residual Pesticide\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">CAS No.\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Action Level (\u00b5g\/g)<br \/>Inhalable Cannabis Goods\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Action Level (\u00b5g\/g)<br \/>Other Cannabis Goods\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Abamectin\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">71751-41-2\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.3\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Acephate\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">30560-19-1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Acequinocyl\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">57960-19-7\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">4\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Acetamiprid\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">135410-20-7\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Azoxystrobin\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">131860-33-8\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">40\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Bifenazate\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">149877-41-8\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Bifenthrin\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">82657-04-3\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">3\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Boscalid\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">188425-85-6\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">10\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Captan\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">133-06-2\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.7\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Carbaryl\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">63-25-2\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Chlorantraniliprole\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">500008-45-7\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">10\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">40\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Clofentezine\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">74115-24-5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cyfluthrin\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">68359-37-5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cypermethrin\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">52315-07-8\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Diazinon\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">333-41-5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.2\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Dimethomorph\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">110488-70-5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">20\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Etoxazole\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">153233-91-1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1.5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Fenhexamid\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">126833-17-8\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">10\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Fenpyroximate\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">111812-58-9\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Flonicamid\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">158062-67-0\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Fludioxonil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">131341-86-1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">30\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Hexythiazox\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">78587-05-0\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Imidacloprid\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">138261-41-3\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">3\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Kresoxim-methyl\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">143390-89-0\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Malathion\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">121-75-5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Metalaxyl\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">57837-19-1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">15\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Methomyl\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">16752-77-5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Myclobutanil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">88671-89-0\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">9\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Naled\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">300-76-5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Oxamyl\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">23135-22-0\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.2\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Pentachloronitrobenzene\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">82-68-8\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.2\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Permethrin\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">52645-53-1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">20\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Phosmet\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">732-11-6\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.2\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Piperonylbutoxide\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">51-03-6\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">3\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">8\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Prallethrin\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">23031-36-9\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.4\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Propiconazole\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">60207-90-1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">20\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Pyrethrins\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">8003-34-7\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Pyridaben\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">96489-71-3\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">3\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Spinetoram\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">187166-15-0, 187166-40-1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">3\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Spinosad\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">131929-60-7, 131929-63-0\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">3\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Spiromesifen\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">283594-90-1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">12\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Spirotetramat\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">203313-25-1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">13\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Tebuconazole\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">107534-96-3\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Thiamethoxam\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">153719-23-4\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">4.5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Trifloxystrobin\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">141517-21-7\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">30\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.4_Microbial_impurities\">11.4 Microbial impurities<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Minimum 1.0 grams of representative sample; results indicated as \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d on the COA. \n<\/p><p>Inhalable cannabis sample passes testing if shiga toxin\u2013producing <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>; <i>Salmonella<\/i> spp.; and pathogenic <i>Aspergillus<\/i> species <i>A. fumigatus<\/i>, <i>A. flavus<\/i>, <i>A. niger<\/i>, and <i>A. terreus<\/i> are not detected in 1.0 grams. Non-inhalable cannabis sample passes if both shiga toxin\u2013producing <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> and <i>Salmonella<\/i> spp. are not detected in 1.0 grams.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.5_Mycotoxins\">11.5 Mycotoxins<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Minimum 0.5 grams of representative sample; results posted as micrograms per kilograms (\u00b5g\/kg) on the COA, indicated as well with \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d; sample passes testing if both total of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 does not exceed 20 \u00b5g\/kg and Ochratoxin A does not exceed 20 \u00b5g\/kg.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.6_Foreign_material\">11.6 Foreign material<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Analyze the total representative sample prior to sample homogenization to determine whether foreign material is present; indicated on COA with \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail.\u201d Samples pass testing if sand\/soil\/dirt doesn\u2019t exceed a fourth of the total sample area, mold doesn\u2019t exceed a fourth of the total sample area, embedded foreign material doesn\u2019t exceed a fourth of the total sample area, and if they contain less than one insect fragment\/hair\/mammalian excreta per 3.0 grams of sample.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.7_Heavy_metals\">11.7 Heavy metals<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Minimum 0.5 grams of representative sample; reported as micrograms per gram (\u00b5g\/g) on the COA, indicated as well with \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail.\u201d Sample passes testing if it doesn\u2019t exceed the action levels for four heavy metals<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<table style=\"\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"\">\n\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\" colspan=\"3\"><b>Table 6.<\/b> Action levels for heavy metals\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Heavy Metal\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Action Level (\u00b5g\/g)<br \/>Inhalable Cannabis Goods\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Action Level (\u00b5g\/g)<br \/>Other Cannabis Goods\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cadmium\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.2\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Lead\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.5\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Arsenic\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.2\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1.5\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Mercury\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">0.1\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">3.0\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.8_Cannabinoids\">11.8 Cannabinoids<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Minimum 0.5 grams of representative sample. A limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.0 mg\/g or lower shall be established for all cannabinoids, with any cannabinoid found to be less than the LOQ reported on the COA as \u201c<1 mg\/g\u201d if by dry weight or \u201c<1 mg\/mL\u201d if by volume. The COA shall report THC, THCA, CBD, and CBDA as a percentage unless it is from a harvest batch, in which case a dry-weight percent shall be used, calculated as<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>: \n<\/p>\n<dl><dd>dry-weight percent cannabinoid = wet-weight percent cannabinoid \/ (1 \u2013 percent moisture \/ 100)<\/dd><\/dl>\n<p>The COA shall report total THC and total CBD as a percentage; the COA shall ALSO show all the above in milligrams per gram (mg\/g) if by dry-weight or milligrams per milliliter (mg\/mL) if by volume. Note that total THC and CBD concentrations shall be calculated differently whether based on weight or volume<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<dl><dd>Weight: total cannabinoid concentration (mg\/g) = (cannabinoid acid form concentration (mg\/g) x 0.877) + cannabinoid concentration (mg\/g)<\/dd><\/dl>\n<dl><dd>Volume: Total cannabinoid concentration (mg\/mL) = (cannabinoid acid form concentration (mg\/mL) x 0.877) + cannabinoid concentration (mg\/mL)<\/dd><\/dl>\n<p>If the cannabis product is packaged or in serving size, report THC, CBD, total THC, and total CBD on the COA in milligrams per package or serving. Any other cannabinoids not mentioned shall be reported on the COA both as a percentage and in either milligrams per gram (mg\/g) if by weight or milligrams per milliliter (mg\/mL) if by volume. COA should also clearly indicate \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d overall for cannabinoid testing.\n<\/p><p>A sample passes testing if<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>: \n<\/p>\n<ul><li> edibles \u2013 milligrams per serving for THC no greater than 10<\/li>\n<li> non-orally-dissolving edibles for medical use only \u2013 milligrams per package for THC no greater than 100<\/li>\n<li> orally-dissolving edibles for medical use only \u2013 milligrams per package for THC no greater than 500<\/li>\n<li> cannabis concentrates and topical goods - milligrams per package for THC no greater than 1000<\/li>\n<li> cannabis concentrates and topical goods for medical use only - milligrams per package for THC no greater than 2000<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.9_Terpenoids\">11.9 Terpenoids<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>If requested, minimum 0.5 gram of representative sample required. Results are posted as both a percentage and in either milligrams per gram (mg\/g) if by weight or milligrams per milliliter (mg\/mL) if by volume on the COA.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"12._COA_requirements\">12. COA requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Along with all those previously mentioned COA requirements, a generated COA must be uploaded into the track-and-trace system and emailed to the Bureau (bcc.labs@dca.ca.gov) within one business day of completing all sample analysis, and before any other entity is given the corresponding test results. The COA itself must contain the text \u201cRegulatory Compliance Testing\u201d in 14-point or greater font in the upper right-hand corner of each page, with no images or text appearing above the term. It must also contain laboratory demographics (including license number), distributor demographics (including license number), and cultivator demographics (including license number). Additionally: batch number, sample identifier, sample history, unobstructed photo, total weight of batch\/sample, total unit count, density, test method, instrumentation, LOD, LOQ, attestation, and unknown\/unidentified\/injurious analytes detected. The final COA must be reviewed by the supervisor, dated, and signed.\n<\/p><p>Additional requirements for each representative sample: issue an overall \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d for entire batch; issue a \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d for any qualitative results for analytes and appropriate units of measure for quantitative; issue a \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d for each test method. When reporting, with the exception of cannabinoid results, use \u201c<LOQ\u201d for analytes detected below analytical method LOQ; \u201cND\u201d for reporting analytes not detected or below LOD; and \u201cNT\u201d for any test not performed.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"13._Remediation_and_retesting_requirements\">13. Remediation and retesting requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u201cCannabis remediation\u201d largely means safely extracting contaminated sample\/batch into oils and concentrates or \u201ccleaning\u201d contaminates from a sample\/batch. A licensed distributor or microbusiness is responsible for arranging remediation with the producer. If it can\u2019t be remediated, they are also responsible for destruction, and the sample\/batch can\u2019t be retested. If it can\u2019t be remediated after two attempts by the producer, the entire batch must be destroyed. Per the COA requirements, any new COA from a remediated sample must be sent to the Bureau within one business day.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"14._Sample_retention_requirements\">14. Sample retention requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Laboratories must retain a reserve sample (not used in the testing process) for at least 45 days after analysis is complete, upon which it may be destroyed and denatured to the point of being unusable\/unrecognizable. Sample storage must be secure and environmentally stable so as to not contaminate or degrade the sample. Reserve samples must be provided to the Bureau upon request.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"15._Laboratory_quality_assurance_.28LQA.29_requirements\">15. Laboratory quality assurance (LQA) requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The licensed laboratory must have an LQA program implemented, which includes a manual that addresses quality control, GLP training, objectives for measurement data, traceability, instrument maintenance\/calibration, auditing, corrective action, process amendment steps, record retention, document control, standardization methods, and method validation. The LQA program and manual must be reviewed annually, amended if necessary, and approved.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-24\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"16._Laboratory_quality_control_.28LQC.29_requirements\">16. Laboratory quality control (LQC) requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>LQC samples are required and shall be analyzed in the same way as other samples analyzed in the laboratory. Negative and positive controls, as well as a replicate sample, must be used for microbial testing for each analytical batch. Unexpected results require a new set of controls. Corrective action must be taken if results are outside of acceptance criteria, until results are within acceptance parameters.\n<\/p><p>Each analytical batch must have at least one each of a method blank, laboratory control sample, and replicate\/matrix spike sample. A continuing calibration verification (CCV) sample must be used at the beginning of analysis and every 10 samples after. Corrective action must be taken if results are outside of acceptance criteria, until results are within acceptance parameters.\n<\/p><p>During any testing, if analyte is detected above any action level, the laboratory must prepare another sample and reanalyze it in replicate within another analytical batch. Quantitative analyses require both to be RPD \u226430%, while qualitative requires both to concur. If this leads to LQCs outside of the acceptance criteria again, results can\u2019t be reported and the batch can\u2019t be approved for retail sale. Corrective action is required to comply. Any result declared a false-positive or \u2013negative may require re-sampling or \u2013testing by the Bureau. A unified LQC report for each batch is required after all testing.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-25\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"17._LOD_and_LOQ_requirements\">17. LOD and LOQ requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Limits of detection (LOD) for chemical analyses shall be calculated using signal-to-noise ratio of between 3:1 and 2:1, using: LOD = (3.3 x standard deviation of the response) \/ slope of the calibration curve with minimum of seven spiked blank samples, or FDA\/EPA published methods. \n<\/p><p>Limits of quantitation (LOQ) for chemical analyses shall be calculated using signal-to-noise ratio of 10:1, at minimum, using: LOQ = (10 \u00d7 standard deviation of the response) \/ slope of the calibration curve with minimum of seven spiked blank samples, or FDA\/EPA published methods.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-26\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"18._Data_package_requirements\">18. Data package requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Each analyzed representative sample shall have a completed data package (including cover page and checklist BCC-LIC-024), which must be produced upon Bureau request.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-27\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"19._Proficiency_testing_requirements\">19. Proficiency testing requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>At least once every six months, the licensed laboratory must participate in an ISO\/IEC 17043-accredited proficiency testing program. Additionally, every year the laboratory should complete a proficiency program for cannabinoid, heavy metal, microbial, mycotoxin, pesticide, solvent, and terpenoid test methods. All proficiency testing programs should follow the laboratory\u2019s existing SOPs and be rotated among the laboratorians analyzing samples. These programs must be reported upon and signed with attestation that SOPs were followed. These reports must be reviewed by supervisory personnel and delivered to the Bureau within three business days using form BCC-LIC-027. Any results for analytes deemed unacceptable, questionable, unsatisfactory, etc. may not be reported until the laboratory both remedies the failure for each analyte and includes a corrective action report showing how the failure was remedied.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-28\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"20._Audit_requirements\">20. Audit requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Internal laboratory audits must be conducted once per year or according to ISO\/IEC 17025 requirements, whichever is more frequent, and the audit should be conducted to ISO\/IEC 17025 standards. Results of internal and on-site audits must be submitted to the Bureau within three business days using form BCC-LIC-027.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-29\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"21._Employee_requirements\">21. Employee requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Employee age minimum is 21, and all employees must complete a documented training program for the work they will perform. At least one supervisor\/management employee must be affiliated with the laboratory, who oversees and directs the laboratory\u2019s methods, LQA program, and ongoing training. That supervisor\/manager must at minimum have an appropriate doctoral degree, master\u2019s degree, bachelor\u2019s degree, and relevant full-time practical experience. Any analyst must have either a master\u2019s or industry-specific bachelor\u2019s degree or completed a two-year education with relevant coursework plus three years of full-time practical experience. Any sampler must have completed a two-year program or earned a high-school diploma\/GED plus one-year of full-time practical experience.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-30\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"22._Record_retention_requirements\">22. Record retention requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Specific records must be retained for at least seven years: financial records, personnel records, training records, contracts with other licensees, permits, licenses, other authorizations, security records, destruction records, track-and-trace data documentation, and other documents in connection with license commercial cannabis business. All records shall be legible and stored in a secured area. The Bureau must be given access to these records to perform its duties, without notice, and even during times outside standard business hours. Records should be able to be produced immediately upon request, either electronic or physical.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-31\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"23._Track-and-trace_requirements\">23. Track-and-trace requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The State of California mandates the use of the California Cannabis Track-and-Trace system, which uses the Metrc software platform created by Franwell, Inc. (CCTT-Metrc). The designated account manager for the laboratory is required to register for and complete the associated CCTT-Metrc training program before an annual license to the software is issued. Afterwards, the designated account manager will be responsible for ordering and assigning unique identifiers (UIDs), when necessary. Incoming batches will already be tagged with UIDs and need to be scanned into CCTT-Metrc upon receipt; the same can be said about shipping out of the laboratory. However, samples taken from a batch at the laboratory will presumably have to be tagged with a UID as a new \u201cpackage\u201d as well and tracked in CCTT-Metrc.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DenholmMetrc18_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DenholmMetrc18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CDFA_FAQ18_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CDFA_FAQ18-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CDFA_5Step18_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CDFA_5Step18-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-SCPLLMedicinal18-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SCPLLMedicinal18_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/saclaw.org\/articles\/marijuana-laws-in-california-edl\/\">\"Medicinal Marijuana Laws\"<\/a>. <i>Sacramento County Public Law Library<\/i>. May 2019<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/saclaw.org\/articles\/marijuana-laws-in-california-edl\/\">https:\/\/saclaw.org\/articles\/marijuana-laws-in-california-edl\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Medicinal+Marijuana+Laws&rft.atitle=Sacramento+County+Public+Law+Library&rft.date=May+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsaclaw.org%2Farticles%2Fmarijuana-laws-in-california-edl%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-McGreevyCali16-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-McGreevyCali16_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">McGreevy, P. (08 November 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/nation\/politics\/trailguide\/la-na-election-day-2016-proposition-64-marijuana-1478281845-htmlstory.html\">\"Californians vote to legalize recreational use of marijuana in the state\"<\/a>. <i>Los Angeles Times<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/nation\/politics\/trailguide\/la-na-election-day-2016-proposition-64-marijuana-1478281845-htmlstory.html\">https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/nation\/politics\/trailguide\/la-na-election-day-2016-proposition-64-marijuana-1478281845-htmlstory.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Californians+vote+to+legalize+recreational+use+of+marijuana+in+the+state&rft.atitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.aulast=McGreevy%2C+P.&rft.au=McGreevy%2C+P.&rft.date=08+November+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnation%2Fpolitics%2Ftrailguide%2Fla-na-election-day-2016-proposition-64-marijuana-1478281845-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-0\">3.00<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-1\">3.01<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-2\">3.02<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-3\">3.03<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-4\">3.04<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-5\">3.05<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-6\">3.06<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-7\">3.07<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-8\">3.08<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-9\">3.09<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-10\">3.10<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-11\">3.11<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-12\">3.12<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-13\">3.13<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-14\">3.14<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-15\">3.15<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-16\">3.16<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-17\">3.17<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-18\">3.18<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-19\">3.19<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-20\">3.20<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-21\">3.21<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-22\">3.22<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-23\">3.23<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-24\">3.24<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-25\">3.25<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-26\">3.26<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-27\">3.27<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-28\">3.28<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-29\">3.29<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-30\">3.30<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_3-31\">3.31<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bcc.ca.gov\/law_regs\/cannabis_order_of_adoption.pdf\">\"California Code of Regulations Title 16, Division 42, Bureau of Cannabis Control - Order of Adoption\"<\/a>. State of California. 16 January 2019<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bcc.ca.gov\/law_regs\/cannabis_order_of_adoption.pdf\">https:\/\/www.bcc.ca.gov\/law_regs\/cannabis_order_of_adoption.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=California+Code+of+Regulations+Title+16%2C+Division+42%2C+Bureau+of+Cannabis+Control+-+Order+of+Adoption&rft.atitle=&rft.date=16+January+2019&rft.pub=State+of+California&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcc.ca.gov%2Flaw_regs%2Fcannabis_order_of_adoption.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CLIBPCDiv10_16-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CLIBPCDiv10_16_4-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=26001.&lawCode=BPC\">\"Business and Professions Code - BPC, Division 10. Cannabis 26000 - 26002 - CHAPTER 1. General Provisions and Definitions\"<\/a>. <i>California Legislative Information<\/i>. State of California. 08 November 2016<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=26001.&lawCode=BPC\">https:\/\/leginfo.legislature.ca.gov\/faces\/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=26001.&lawCode=BPC<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Business+and+Professions+Code+-+BPC%2C+Division+10.+Cannabis+26000+-+26002+-+CHAPTER+1.+General+Provisions+and+Definitions&rft.atitle=California+Legislative+Information&rft.date=08+November+2016&rft.pub=State+of+California&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fleginfo.legislature.ca.gov%2Ffaces%2Fcodes_displaySection.xhtml%3FsectionNum%3D26001.%26lawCode%3DBPC&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-DenholmMetrc18-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-DenholmMetrc18_5-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Denholm, S. (30 January 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/static.cdfa.ca.gov\/MCCP\/document\/Introduction%20to%20CCTT%20System%20v1.2_1.30.18.pdf\">\"Metrc: Introduction to California Cannabis Track-and-Trace System\"<\/a> (PDF). California Department of Food & Agriculture<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/static.cdfa.ca.gov\/MCCP\/document\/Introduction%20to%20CCTT%20System%20v1.2_1.30.18.pdf\">https:\/\/static.cdfa.ca.gov\/MCCP\/document\/Introduction%20to%20CCTT%20System%20v1.2_1.30.18.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Metrc%3A+Introduction+to+California+Cannabis+Track-and-Trace+System&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Denholm%2C+S.&rft.au=Denholm%2C+S.&rft.date=30+January+2018&rft.pub=California+Department+of+Food+%26+Agriculture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.cdfa.ca.gov%2FMCCP%2Fdocument%2FIntroduction%2520to%2520CCTT%2520System%2520v1.2_1.30.18.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CDFA_FAQ18-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CDFA_FAQ18_6-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/FAQ_CCTT_8.15.18.pdf\">\"Frequently Asked Questions: California Track-and-Trace System\"<\/a> (PDF). California Department of Food & Agriculture. 15 August 2018<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/FAQ_CCTT_8.15.18.pdf\">https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/FAQ_CCTT_8.15.18.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions%3A+California+Track-and-Trace+System&rft.atitle=&rft.date=15+August+2018&rft.pub=California+Department+of+Food+%26+Agriculture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcannabis.ca.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F13%2F2018%2F09%2FFAQ_CCTT_8.15.18.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CDFA_5Step18-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CDFA_5Step18_7-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/Track-and-Trace-5-Step-Sheet-Compliant.pdf\">\"California Cannabis Track-and-Trace System\"<\/a> (PDF). California Department of Food & Agriculture. September 2018<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/Track-and-Trace-5-Step-Sheet-Compliant.pdf\">https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/Track-and-Trace-5-Step-Sheet-Compliant.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=California+Cannabis+Track-and-Trace+System&rft.atitle=&rft.date=September+2018&rft.pub=California+Department+of+Food+%26+Agriculture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcannabis.ca.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F13%2F2018%2F09%2FTrack-and-Trace-5-Step-Sheet-Compliant.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.285 seconds\nReal time usage: 1.056 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 4437\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 14172\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 86971\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 13763\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 13\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","f0bd36085045856466817a1bcc5d8533_images":["https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/68\/California_Locator_Map_with_US.PNG"],"f0bd36085045856466817a1bcc5d8533_timestamp":1610467633,"57ca032872bf910a99fbf6e77f5dd85e_type":"article","57ca032872bf910a99fbf6e77f5dd85e_title":"Canada Cannabis Testing Regulations","57ca032872bf910a99fbf6e77f5dd85e_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Canada_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations","57ca032872bf910a99fbf6e77f5dd85e_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tCanada Cannabis Testing Regulations \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tNote: With this guide in general, and this chapter in particular, it should be noted that LabLynx isn't providing legal advice. Regulations change constantly, and it's ultimately up to the laboratory to be responsible for verifying legal requirements for compliance.\n\r\n\nIn the fall of 2018, Canada legalized the purchase, growth, and consumption of marijuana in small amounts across the country.[1] With it came more organized regulations concerning how laboratories handled licensing, testing, data management, and various other aspects of operating a cannabis testing laboratory.\n\nContents\n\n1 Canada's cannabis testing regulations \n\n1.1 1. Laboratory licensing requirements \n1.2 2. Basic sampling requirements \n1.3 3. COC requirements \n1.4 4. Harvest batch sampling requirements \n1.5 5. Cannabis product and pre-roll batch sampling requirements \n1.6 6. Transportation requirements for cannabis goods \n1.7 7. Sample reception requirements \n1.8 8. SOP requirements \n1.9 9. Test method base requirements \n1.10 10. Test method validation requirements \n1.11 11. Testing requirements \n\n1.11.1 11.1 Residual solvents in cannabis oil \n1.11.2 11.2 Microbial and chemical contaminates \n1.11.3 11.3 Pesticides \n1.11.4 11.4 Dissolution and Disintegration \n1.11.5 11.5 Cannabinoid testing \n\n\n1.12 12. COA requirements \n1.13 13. Remediation and retesting requirements \n1.14 14. Sample retention requirements \n1.15 15. Laboratory quality assurance (LQA) requirements \n1.16 16. Laboratory quality control (LQC) requirements \n1.17 17. LOD and LOQ requirements \n1.18 18. Data package requirements \n1.19 19. Proficiency testing requirements \n1.20 20. Audit requirements \n1.21 21. Employee requirements \n1.22 22. Record retention requirements \n1.23 23. Track-and-trace requirements \n\n\n2 References \n\n\n\nCanada's cannabis testing regulations \n1. Laboratory licensing requirements \nLaboratories interested in becoming licensed in Canada to analytically test cannabis should use Health Canada\u2019s Cannabis Tracking and Licensing System (CTLS) as the primary means of submitting a licensing application. For cannabis testing laboratories, a user account is required for several associated individuals. This includes a director\/officer\/partner (depending on how the business is set up), a license holder, and head of laboratory. A security clearance application by the director\/officer\/partner will also be required before the licensing application can be submitted. Afterwards, a corporate profile must be built on CTLS with proposed license holder, mailing address, site details, site personnel, physical security, and record keeping details. The application guide should be followed for this process.[2]\n\n2. Basic sampling requirements \nA representative sample of a lot or batch must be taken. The document Mandatory Cannabis Testing for Pesticide Active Ingredients - Requirements, published in late 2019, elaborates that a sample may also be considered representative if it is taken from lot\/batch packaging and labeling. Additionally, a sample of the plants from which seeds and cuttings came may also qualify as representative.[3]\n\n3. COC requirements \nThe Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of chain of custody (COC). However, standards like ISO\/IEC 17025 are still required by accreditation bodies that manage the quality management criteria for clinical and other laboratories in the Canadian provinces.[4]\n\n4. Harvest batch sampling requirements \nNo granular sampling requirements are described in the Cannabis Regulations of 2018.\n\n5. Cannabis product and pre-roll batch sampling requirements \nNo granular sampling requirements are described in the Cannabis Regulations of 2018.\n\n6. Transportation requirements for cannabis goods \nDistribution methods must maintain the quality of cannabis goods so as to not degrade them or render them useless. Cannabis distributed to an authorized testing lab for regulatory testing must not exceed 30 grams. Transportation of plants and plant materials from a grow site must be direct to its intended location.[5]\n\n7. Sample reception requirements \nStorage locations must be surrounded by a physical barrier preventing unauthorized access, and access must be restricted to individuals who are required to be in the area due to their duties. Storage conditions must be maintained to ensure samples and lots can maintain their quality and remain uncontaminated in a sanitary environment. The storage environment should also have adequate air filtration to prevent the escape of odors. Test equipment must be equally sanitary and maintained to prevent contamination of samples.[5]\n\n8. SOP requirements \nThe government simply states that tested cannabis must be done so using standard operating procedures (SOPs) \u201cdesigned to ensure that those activities are conducted in accordance\u201d with the law.[3] The document Mandatory Cannabis Testing for Pesticide Active Ingredients - Requirements, published in late 2019, elaborates that license holder sites should have \u201cstandard operating procedures to ensure compliance with sections 5.1 to 5.3 of this document for any received lots or batches of cannabis, and related records,\u201d as well as SOPs \"related to GPP, sampling, analytical testing, and PCPs.\"[3] SOPs should also elaborate procedures for cleaning test and storage spaces and instruments, as well as ensuring practices that provide for sanitary handling of samples.[5]\n\n9. Test method base requirements \nTest methods must be specific to fresh cannabis, cannabis plants, dried cannabis, cannabis oil, etc.[3]\n\n10. Test method validation requirements \nTest methods must be validated, and any associated limit of quantification (LOQ) must be equal to or lower than those set by the government. (It seems only pesticide ingredient LOQs have been produced so far.) Records documenting validation studies must be maintained and may be asked for during inspection.[3][5] Health Canada provides guidance on validating methods in \u201cQ2B: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology.\u201d[6]\n\n11. Testing requirements \nCannabis testing labs must be independent of any other type of cannabis license holder types requesting sample analysis.[3] Cannabis product cannot be moved on for sale if test validation, sampling, and composition requirements have not been met.[5] Cannabis product must be tested for residual solvents; microbial contaminants; chemical contaminates; pesticides; dissolution\/disintegration; and the cannabinoids THC, THCA, CBD, and CBDA.[5][3]\n\n11.1 Residual solvents in cannabis oil \nCannabis oil may contain residual solvents as long as they do not exceed the limits set out by Health Canada's Limits for Residual Solvents in Cannabis Products, as shown below in Table 1[7]:\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nTable 1. Limits for residual solvents in cannabis products\n\n\nSolvent\n\nClass\n\nLimits (parts per million)\n\n\nAcetic acid\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nAcetone\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nAnisole\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\n1-Butanol\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\n2-Butanol\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nButane (sum of n- and iso-)\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nButyl acetate\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nTert-Butylmethyl ether\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nCarbon dioxide\n\nCannabis oil\n\nNo limit\n\n\nDimethyl sulfoxide\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nEthanol\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nEthyl acetate\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nEthyl ether\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nEthyl formate\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nFormic acid\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nHeptane\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nIsobutyl acetate\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nIsopropyl acetate\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nMethyl acetate\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\n3-Methyl-1-butanol\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nMethylethyl ketone\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\n2-Methyl-1-propanol\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nNitrogen\n\nCannabis oil\n\nNo limit\n\n\nPentane\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\n1-Pentanol\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\n1-Propanol\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\n2-Propanol\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nPropane\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nPropyl acetate\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nTriethylamine\n\nCannabis oil\n\n5000\n\n\nWater\n\nCannabis oil\n\nNo limit\n\n\n\n11.2 Microbial and chemical contaminates \nCannabis product may contain microbial and chemical contaminates as long as they do not exceed limits for herbal medicines for human consumption set by any of the following publications[5][8]:\n\n European Pharmacopoeia\n Pharmacop\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise\n Pharmacopoeia Internationalis\n The British Pharmacopoeia\n The Canadian Formular\n The National Formulary\n The Pharmaceutical Codex: Principles and Practices of Pharmaceuticals\n The United States Pharmacopoeia\n11.3 Pesticides \nPer the Mandatory Cannabis Testing for Pesticide Active Ingredients - Requirements document published by Health Canada at the end of 2019, Health Canada set a limit of quantification (LOQ) for pesticide active ingredients in different matrices. The LOQs of nearly 100 different pesticide active ingredients are detailed in their associated List and Limits sub-document, which should be monitored for updates.[3][9] LOQs are listed in parts per million. The license holder requesting the analysis is responsible for reporting pesticide results to Health Canada. However, the laboratory is still required to hold pesticide test results for two years after the day the COA was created and produce them in a timely fashion upon request during inspection.[3]\n\n11.4 Dissolution and Disintegration \nCannabis product intended for oral, rectal, or vaginal administration must meet the requirements for a dissolution or disintegration test applicable to its formulation set by any of the following publications[5][8]:\n\n European Pharmacopoeia\n Pharmacop\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise\n Pharmacopoeia Internationalis\n The British Pharmacopoeia\n The Canadian Formular\n The National Formulary\n The Pharmaceutical Codex: Principles and Practices of Pharmaceuticals\n The United States Pharmacopoeia\n11.5 Cannabinoid testing \nEach discrete unit of a product intended for oral, rectal, or vaginal administration, as well as any edible cannabis product, \"must not contain a quantity of THC that exceeds 10 mg, taking into account the potential to convert THCA into THC.\u201d Cannabis extracts and topicals \"must not contain a quantity of THC that exceeds 1000 mg per immediate container, taking into account the potential to convert THCA into THC.\"[5]\n\n12. COA requirements \nPer the Mandatory Cannabis Testing for Pesticide Active Ingredients - Requirements document published by Health Canada at the end of 2019, certificates of analysis (COAs) must contain demographics of the entity requesting test analysis, laboratory demographics, test method specifics (method, instruments, validation date), lot\/batch identifier, sample date, analysis date, list of what was tested, lab\u2019s LOQ, itemized test results, and an attestation of the results by the laboratory.[3]\n\n13. Remediation and retesting requirements \nThe Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of remediation and retesting. The Mandatory Cannabis Testing for Pesticide Active Ingredients - Requirements document only mentions retesting in the context of processors, or in the case where a lab's retained portion of a sample or lot is required for a retest.[3]\n\n14. Sample retention requirements \nAny lot or batch samples, as well as any cannabis obtained from the samples, must be destroyed within 90 days of completing analyses. Additionally, any lot or batch samples not beginning analysis within 120 days upon receipt must be destroyed or distributed to another license testing lab. However, Canada Health also mandates that a portion of the representative sample used for analyses must be retained \"for at least one year after the date of the last sale of any portion of the tested cannabis lot or batch\u201d and must be sizeable enough to re-verify if the associate lot\/batch meets legal requirements, re-verify cannabinoid percentages, and re-verify that cannabis meets Pest Control Products Act pesticide requirements.[5][3]\n\n15. Laboratory quality assurance (LQA) requirements \nThe Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of laboratory quality assurance. However, clinical and other laboratories still must adhere to the explicit quality management requirements of their associated provincial and regional accrediting bodies.[4]\n\n16. Laboratory quality control (LQC) requirements \nThe Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of laboratory quality control. However, clinical and other laboratories still must adhere to the explicit quality management requirements of their associated provincial and regional accrediting bodies.[4]\n\n17. LOD and LOQ requirements \nLimits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) are not explicitly mentioned in the Cannabis Regulations of 2018. However, the late 2018 Mandatory Cannabis Testing for Pesticide Active Ingredients - List and Limits published by Health Canada does list LOQs for pesticides.[9] See 11.3 for more.\n\n18. Data package requirements \nThe Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of data package requirements.\n\n19. Proficiency testing requirements \nThe Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of proficiency testing requirements. However, clinical and other laboratories still must adhere to the explicit proficiency testing requirements of their associated provincial governments or accrediting bodies. In some provinces, proficiency testing may be voluntary.[4]\n\n20. Audit requirements \nAside from mentioning that required documents and information be made available for a Minister audit at any given time[5], the Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of audit requirements.\n\n21. Employee requirements \nThe head of laboratory must have a degree related to the work they will carry out from a Canadian university or recognized by a Canadian university or professional association. They must also demonstrate \u201csufficient knowledge\u201d of Canada\u2019s cannabis regulations and have knowledge\/experience related to the work they will carry out. An alternate head of laboratory can also be designated or replace an existing head of laboratory, but only with Minister\u2019s approval. Said action used to requires an application with the name and date of birth of the proposed alternate, statement of qualifications, and signed and dated attestation that the information is correct. However, recent changes appear to have made it where the separate application isn't necessary.[2]\n\n22. Record retention requirements \nDocuments and information retained in relation to cannabis testing activities, etc. must be retained in such a way as to allow audit of it in a timely fashion. Such documents and information must be available for viewing at the site specified in the license. If the license expires, the documents and information must still be held throughout their required retention period, and the Minister must be notified in writing of the address where those documents and information will be retained. Any such notice must also be retained for a period of two years after the day the notice was sent.\nUpon receiving cannabis, the laboratory must retain a document that contains the name of who it was received from, to and from addresses, date received, quantity received, description, lot or batch number, form, strength per unit, and intended use. That document must be retained for two years beyond the date it was created. Any cannabis product destroyed by the laboratory must be documented with a description, date destroyed, pre-destruction weight\/volume, address of location where destroyed, method of destruction, and the names of the individuals who witness the destruction as well as their signatures and date signed. Retention period is for two years after the day of destruction. The laboratory is also required to hold pesticide test results for two years after the day the COA was created and produce them in a timely fashion upon request during inspection.\nOther documents that must be retained for two years include organizational security plans, analytical test results, validated methods, SOPs, sanitation programs, notice of theft\/loss, and qualifications of the head of laboratory, including both current and replaced versions of documents.[5][3][2]\n\n23. Track-and-trace requirements \nCanada mandates the use of the Cannabis Tracking System (CTS) by some entities as a means \u201cto track the flow of cannabis as a means of preventing the illegal inversion and diversion of cannabis into and out of the regulated commercial system.\u201d[10] As of January 2021, the Cannabis Tracking System Order does not apply to analytical testing laboratories, though the record keeping and reporting requirements are still firmly in place. The government also adds that \u201cfurther reporting requirements could be added as specific conditions to a license if deemed necessary.\u201d[11]\n\nReferences \n\n\n\u2191 Porter, C. (11 November 2018). \"Canada\u2019s Message to Teenagers: Marijuana Is Legal Now. Please Don\u2019t Smoke It\". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/11\/world\/canada\/marijuana-legalization-teenagers.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 2.0 2.1 2.2 \"Cannabis Licensing Application Guide: Analytical Testing\". Government of Canada - Health Canada. 06 September 2019. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/publications\/drugs-health-products\/cannabis-analytical-testing-licensing-application.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 \"Mandatory cannabis testing for pesticide active ingredients - Requirements\". Government of Canada - Health Canada. 02 December 2019. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/publications\/drugs-health-products\/cannabis-testing-pesticide-requirements.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Li, H.; Adeli, K. (2009). \"Laboratory quality regulations and accreditation standards in Canada\". Clinical Biochemistry 42 (4\u20135): 249\u201355. doi:10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2008.09.006. PMID 19863915.   \n\n\u2191 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 \"Cannabis Regulations SOR\/2018-144\". Justice Laws Website. Government of Canada. 17 October 2020. https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/regulations\/SOR-2018-144\/FullText.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Q2B: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology\". Government of Canada - Health Canada. 12 February 1999. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/drugs-health-products\/drug-products\/applications-submissions\/guidance-documents\/international-conference-harmonisation\/quality\/validation-analytical-procedures-methodology.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Limits for Residual Solvents in Cannabis Products\". Government of Canada - Health Canada. 08 November 2018. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/drugs-medication\/cannabis\/laws-regulations\/regulations-support-cannabis-act\/limits-residual-solvents.html . Retrieved 25 January 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 8.0 8.1 \"Food and Drugs Act, Schedule B\". Justice Laws Website. Government of Canada. 08 January 2019. https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/F-27\/page-11.html#h-26 . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 9.0 9.1 \"Mandatory cannabis testing for pesticide active ingredients - List and Limits\". Government of Canada - Health Canada. 02 December 2019. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/publications\/drugs-health-products\/cannabis-testing-pesticide-list-limits.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Cannabis tracking system - Monthly reporting guide\". Government of Canada - Health Canada. November 2020. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/drugs-medication\/cannabis\/tracking-system\/monthly-reporting-guide.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Cannabis Tracking System Order: SOR\/2019-202\". Canada Gazette - Part II 153 (13). June 2019. http:\/\/gazette.gc.ca\/rp-pr\/p2\/2019\/2019-06-26\/html\/sor-dors202-eng.html . 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Regulations change constantly, and it's ultimately up to the laboratory to be responsible for verifying legal requirements for compliance.\n<p><br \/>\nIn the fall of 2018, Canada legalized the purchase, growth, and consumption of marijuana in small amounts across the country.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PorterCanada18_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PorterCanada18-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> With it came more organized regulations concerning how laboratories handled licensing, testing, data management, and various other aspects of operating a cannabis testing laboratory.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"nonumtoc\">\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Canada.27s_cannabis_testing_regulations\">Canada's cannabis testing regulations<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"1._Laboratory_licensing_requirements\">1. Laboratory licensing requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Laboratories interested in becoming licensed in Canada to analytically test cannabis should use Health Canada\u2019s Cannabis Tracking and Licensing System (CTLS) as the primary means of submitting a licensing application. For cannabis testing laboratories, a user account is required for several associated individuals. This includes a director\/officer\/partner (depending on how the business is set up), a license holder, and head of laboratory. A security clearance application by the director\/officer\/partner will also be required before the licensing application can be submitted. Afterwards, a corporate profile must be built on CTLS with proposed license holder, mailing address, site details, site personnel, physical security, and record keeping details. The application guide should be followed for this process.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaLic18_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaLic18-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"2._Basic_sampling_requirements\">2. Basic sampling requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>A representative sample of a lot or batch must be taken. The document <i>Mandatory Cannabis Testing for Pesticide Active Ingredients - Requirements<\/i>, published in late 2019, elaborates that a sample may also be considered representative if it is taken from lot\/batch packaging and labeling. Additionally, a sample of the plants from which seeds and cuttings came may also qualify as representative.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatory18_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatory18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"3._COC_requirements\">3. COC requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of chain of custody (COC). However, standards like ISO\/IEC 17025 are still required by accreditation bodies that manage the quality management criteria for clinical and other laboratories in the Canadian provinces.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LiLab09_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LiLab09-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"4._Harvest_batch_sampling_requirements\">4. Harvest batch sampling requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>No granular sampling requirements are described in the Cannabis Regulations of 2018.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"5._Cannabis_product_and_pre-roll_batch_sampling_requirements\">5. Cannabis product and pre-roll batch sampling requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>No granular sampling requirements are described in the Cannabis Regulations of 2018.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"6._Transportation_requirements_for_cannabis_goods\">6. Transportation requirements for cannabis goods<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Distribution methods must maintain the quality of cannabis goods so as to not degrade them or render them useless. Cannabis distributed to an authorized testing lab for regulatory testing must not exceed 30 grams. Transportation of plants and plant materials from a grow site must be direct to its intended location.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaRegs18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"7._Sample_reception_requirements\">7. Sample reception requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Storage locations must be surrounded by a physical barrier preventing unauthorized access, and access must be restricted to individuals who are required to be in the area due to their duties. Storage conditions must be maintained to ensure samples and lots can maintain their quality and remain uncontaminated in a sanitary environment. The storage environment should also have adequate air filtration to prevent the escape of odors. Test equipment must be equally sanitary and maintained to prevent contamination of samples.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaRegs18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"8._SOP_requirements\">8. SOP requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The government simply states that tested cannabis must be done so using standard operating procedures (SOPs) \u201cdesigned to ensure that those activities are conducted in accordance\u201d with the law.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatory18_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatory18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> The document <i>Mandatory Cannabis Testing for Pesticide Active Ingredients - Requirements<\/i>, published in late 2019, elaborates that license holder sites should have \u201cstandard operating procedures to ensure compliance with sections 5.1 to 5.3 of this document for any received lots or batches of cannabis, and related records,\u201d as well as SOPs \"related to GPP, sampling, analytical testing, and PCPs.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatory18_3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatory18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> SOPs should also elaborate procedures for cleaning test and storage spaces and instruments, as well as ensuring practices that provide for sanitary handling of samples.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaRegs18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"9._Test_method_base_requirements\">9. Test method base requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Test methods must be specific to fresh cannabis, cannabis plants, dried cannabis, cannabis oil, etc.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatory18_3-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatory18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"10._Test_method_validation_requirements\">10. Test method validation requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Test methods must be validated, and any associated limit of quantification (LOQ) must be equal to or lower than those set by the government. (It seems only pesticide ingredient LOQs have been produced so far.) Records documenting validation studies must be maintained and may be asked for during inspection.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatory18_3-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatory18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaRegs18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> Health Canada provides guidance on validating methods in \u201cQ2B: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology.\u201d<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCQ2B99_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCQ2B99-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11._Testing_requirements\">11. Testing requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Cannabis testing labs must be independent of any other type of cannabis license holder types requesting sample analysis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatory18_3-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatory18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> Cannabis product cannot be moved on for sale if test validation, sampling, and composition requirements have not been met.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaRegs18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> Cannabis product must be tested for residual solvents; microbial contaminants; chemical contaminates; pesticides; dissolution\/disintegration; and the cannabinoids THC, THCA, CBD, and CBDA.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaRegs18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatory18_3-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatory18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.1_Residual_solvents_in_cannabis_oil\">11.1 Residual solvents in cannabis oil<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Cannabis oil may contain residual solvents as long as they do not exceed the limits set out by Health Canada's <i>Limits for Residual Solvents in Cannabis Products<\/i>, as shown below in Table 1<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCLimits18_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCLimits18-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<table style=\"\">\n<tr>\n<td style=\"vertical-align:top;\">\n<table class=\"wikitable\" border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"5\" cellspacing=\"0\" style=\"\">\n\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\" colspan=\"3\"><b>Table 1.<\/b> Limits for residual solvents in cannabis products\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Solvent\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Class\n<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Limits (parts per million)\n<\/th><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Acetic acid\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Acetone\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Anisole\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1-Butanol\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2-Butanol\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Butane (sum of n- and iso-)\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Butyl acetate\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Tert-Butylmethyl ether\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Carbon dioxide\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">No limit\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Dimethyl sulfoxide\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Ethanol\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Ethyl acetate\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Ethyl ether\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Ethyl formate\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Formic acid\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Heptane\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Isobutyl acetate\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Isopropyl acetate\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Methyl acetate\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">3-Methyl-1-butanol\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Methylethyl ketone\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2-Methyl-1-propanol\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Nitrogen\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">No limit\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Pentane\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1-Pentanol\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">1-Propanol\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">2-Propanol\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Propane\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Propyl acetate\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Triethylamine\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">5000\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Water\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">Cannabis oil\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"background-color:white; padding-left:10px; padding-right:10px;\">No limit\n<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<\/td><\/tr><\/table>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.2_Microbial_and_chemical_contaminates\">11.2 Microbial and chemical contaminates<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Cannabis product may contain microbial and chemical contaminates as long as they do not exceed limits for herbal medicines for human consumption set by any of the following publications<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaRegs18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCFDASchedB19_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCFDASchedB19-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <i>European Pharmacopoeia<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>Pharmacop\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>Pharmacopoeia Internationalis<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>The British Pharmacopoeia<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>The Canadian Formular<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>The National Formulary<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>The Pharmaceutical Codex: Principles and Practices of Pharmaceuticals<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>The United States Pharmacopoeia<\/i><\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.3_Pesticides\">11.3 Pesticides<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Per the <i>Mandatory Cannabis Testing for Pesticide Active Ingredients - Requirements<\/i> document published by Health Canada at the end of 2019, Health Canada set a limit of quantification (LOQ) for pesticide active ingredients in different matrices. The LOQs of nearly 100 different pesticide active ingredients are detailed in their associated <i>List and Limits<\/i> sub-document, which should be monitored for updates.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatory18_3-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatory18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatoryLL18_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatoryLL18-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup> LOQs are listed in parts per million. The license holder requesting the analysis is responsible for reporting pesticide results to Health Canada. However, the laboratory is still required to hold pesticide test results for two years after the day the COA was created and produce them in a timely fashion upon request during inspection.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatory18_3-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatory18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.4_Dissolution_and_Disintegration\">11.4 Dissolution and Disintegration<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Cannabis product intended for oral, rectal, or vaginal administration must meet the requirements for a dissolution or disintegration test applicable to its formulation set by any of the following publications<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaRegs18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCFDASchedB19_8-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCFDASchedB19-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <i>European Pharmacopoeia<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>Pharmacop\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>Pharmacopoeia Internationalis<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>The British Pharmacopoeia<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>The Canadian Formular<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>The National Formulary<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>The Pharmaceutical Codex: Principles and Practices of Pharmaceuticals<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>The United States Pharmacopoeia<\/i><\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"11.5_Cannabinoid_testing\">11.5 Cannabinoid testing<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Each discrete unit of a product intended for oral, rectal, or vaginal administration, as well as any edible cannabis product, \"must not contain a quantity of THC that exceeds 10 mg, taking into account the potential to convert THCA into THC.\u201d Cannabis extracts and topicals \"must not contain a quantity of THC that exceeds 1000 mg per immediate container, taking into account the potential to convert THCA into THC.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaRegs18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"12._COA_requirements\">12. COA requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Per the <i>Mandatory Cannabis Testing for Pesticide Active Ingredients - Requirements<\/i> document published by Health Canada at the end of 2019, certificates of analysis (COAs) must contain demographics of the entity requesting test analysis, laboratory demographics, test method specifics (method, instruments, validation date), lot\/batch identifier, sample date, analysis date, list of what was tested, lab\u2019s LOQ, itemized test results, and an attestation of the results by the laboratory.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatory18_3-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatory18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"13._Remediation_and_retesting_requirements\">13. Remediation and retesting requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of remediation and retesting. The <i>Mandatory Cannabis Testing for Pesticide Active Ingredients - Requirements<\/i> document only mentions retesting in the context of processors, or in the case where a lab's retained portion of a sample or lot is required for a retest.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatory18_3-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatory18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"14._Sample_retention_requirements\">14. Sample retention requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Any lot or batch samples, as well as any cannabis obtained from the samples, must be destroyed within 90 days of completing analyses. Additionally, any lot or batch samples not beginning analysis within 120 days upon receipt must be destroyed or distributed to another license testing lab. However, Canada Health also mandates that a portion of the representative sample used for analyses must be retained \"for at least one year after the date of the last sale of any portion of the tested cannabis lot or batch\u201d and must be sizeable enough to re-verify if the associate lot\/batch meets legal requirements, re-verify cannabinoid percentages, and re-verify that cannabis meets Pest Control Products Act pesticide requirements.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaRegs18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatory18_3-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatory18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"15._Laboratory_quality_assurance_.28LQA.29_requirements\">15. Laboratory quality assurance (LQA) requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of laboratory quality assurance. However, clinical and other laboratories still must adhere to the explicit quality management requirements of their associated provincial and regional accrediting bodies.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LiLab09_4-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LiLab09-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"16._Laboratory_quality_control_.28LQC.29_requirements\">16. Laboratory quality control (LQC) requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of laboratory quality control. However, clinical and other laboratories still must adhere to the explicit quality management requirements of their associated provincial and regional accrediting bodies.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LiLab09_4-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LiLab09-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"17._LOD_and_LOQ_requirements\">17. LOD and LOQ requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) are not explicitly mentioned in the Cannabis Regulations of 2018. However, the late 2018 <i>Mandatory Cannabis Testing for Pesticide Active Ingredients - List and Limits<\/i> published by Health Canada does list LOQs for pesticides.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatoryLL18_9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatoryLL18-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup> See 11.3 for more.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"18._Data_package_requirements\">18. Data package requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of data package requirements.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"19._Proficiency_testing_requirements\">19. Proficiency testing requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of proficiency testing requirements. However, clinical and other laboratories still must adhere to the explicit proficiency testing requirements of their associated provincial governments or accrediting bodies. In some provinces, proficiency testing may be voluntary.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LiLab09_4-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LiLab09-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"20._Audit_requirements\">20. Audit requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Aside from mentioning that required documents and information be made available for a Minister audit at any given time<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaRegs18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>, the Cannabis Regulations of 2018 make no mention of audit requirements.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"21._Employee_requirements\">21. Employee requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The head of laboratory must have a degree related to the work they will carry out from a Canadian university or recognized by a Canadian university or professional association. They must also demonstrate \u201csufficient knowledge\u201d of Canada\u2019s cannabis regulations and have knowledge\/experience related to the work they will carry out. An alternate head of laboratory can also be designated or replace an existing head of laboratory, but only with Minister\u2019s approval. Said action used to requires an application with the name and date of birth of the proposed alternate, statement of qualifications, and signed and dated attestation that the information is correct. However, recent changes appear to have made it where the separate application isn't necessary.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaLic18_2-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaLic18-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"22._Record_retention_requirements\">22. Record retention requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Documents and information retained in relation to cannabis testing activities, etc. must be retained in such a way as to allow audit of it in a timely fashion. Such documents and information must be available for viewing at the site specified in the license. If the license expires, the documents and information must still be held throughout their required retention period, and the Minister must be notified in writing of the address where those documents and information will be retained. Any such notice must also be retained for a period of two years after the day the notice was sent.\n<\/p><p>Upon receiving cannabis, the laboratory must retain a document that contains the name of who it was received from, to and from addresses, date received, quantity received, description, lot or batch number, form, strength per unit, and intended use. That document must be retained for two years beyond the date it was created. Any cannabis product destroyed by the laboratory must be documented with a description, date destroyed, pre-destruction weight\/volume, address of location where destroyed, method of destruction, and the names of the individuals who witness the destruction as well as their signatures and date signed. Retention period is for two years after the day of destruction. The laboratory is also required to hold pesticide test results for two years after the day the COA was created and produce them in a timely fashion upon request during inspection.\n<\/p><p>Other documents that must be retained for two years include organizational security plans, analytical test results, validated methods, SOPs, sanitation programs, notice of theft\/loss, and qualifications of the head of laboratory, including both current and replaced versions of documents.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaRegs18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCMandatory18_3-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCMandatory18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannaLic18_2-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannaLic18-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"23._Track-and-trace_requirements\">23. Track-and-trace requirements<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Canada mandates the use of the Cannabis Tracking System (CTS) by some entities as a means \u201cto track the flow of cannabis as a means of preventing the illegal inversion and diversion of cannabis into and out of the regulated commercial system.\u201d<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannTrack19_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannTrack19-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> As of January 2021, the Cannabis Tracking System Order does not apply to analytical testing laboratories, though the record keeping and reporting requirements are still firmly in place. The government also adds that \u201cfurther reporting requirements could be added as specific conditions to a license if deemed necessary.\u201d<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoCCannTrack18_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoCCannTrack18-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-PorterCanada18-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-PorterCanada18_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Porter, C. (11 November 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/11\/world\/canada\/marijuana-legalization-teenagers.html\">\"Canada\u2019s Message to Teenagers: Marijuana Is Legal Now. Please Don\u2019t Smoke It\"<\/a>. <i>The New York Times<\/i>. The New York Times Company<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/11\/world\/canada\/marijuana-legalization-teenagers.html\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/11\/world\/canada\/marijuana-legalization-teenagers.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Canada%E2%80%99s+Message+to+Teenagers%3A+Marijuana+Is+Legal+Now.+Please+Don%E2%80%99t+Smoke+It&rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.aulast=Porter%2C+C.&rft.au=Porter%2C+C.&rft.date=11+November+2018&rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F11%2F11%2Fworld%2Fcanada%2Fmarijuana-legalization-teenagers.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Canada_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-GoCCannaLic18-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaLic18_2-0\">2.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaLic18_2-1\">2.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaLic18_2-2\">2.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/publications\/drugs-health-products\/cannabis-analytical-testing-licensing-application.html\">\"Cannabis Licensing Application Guide: Analytical Testing\"<\/a>. Government of Canada - Health Canada. 06 September 2019<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/publications\/drugs-health-products\/cannabis-analytical-testing-licensing-application.html\">https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/publications\/drugs-health-products\/cannabis-analytical-testing-licensing-application.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(2009). \"Laboratory quality regulations and accreditation standards in Canada\". <i>Clinical Biochemistry<\/i> <b>42<\/b> (4\u20135): 249\u201355. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.clinbiochem.2008.09.006\">10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2008.09.006<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" data-key=\"1d34e999f13d8801964a6b3e9d7b4e30\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19863915\">19863915<\/a>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Laboratory+quality+regulations+and+accreditation+standards+in+Canada&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Biochemistry&rft.aulast=Li%2C+H.%3B+Adeli%2C+K.&rft.au=Li%2C+H.%3B+Adeli%2C+K.&rft.date=2009&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4%E2%80%935&rft.pages=249%E2%80%9355&rft_id=info:doi\/10.1016%2Fj.clinbiochem.2008.09.006&rft_id=info:pmid\/19863915&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Canada_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-GoCCannaRegs18-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-0\">5.00<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-1\">5.01<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-2\">5.02<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-3\">5.03<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-4\">5.04<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-5\">5.05<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-6\">5.06<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-7\">5.07<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-8\">5.08<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-9\">5.09<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-10\">5.10<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannaRegs18_5-11\">5.11<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/regulations\/SOR-2018-144\/FullText.html\">\"Cannabis Regulations SOR\/2018-144\"<\/a>. <i>Justice Laws Website<\/i>. 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Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+tracking+system+-+Monthly+reporting+guide&rft.atitle=&rft.date=November+2020&rft.pub=Government+of+Canada+-+Health+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.ca%2Fen%2Fhealth-canada%2Fservices%2Fdrugs-medication%2Fcannabis%2Ftracking-system%2Fmonthly-reporting-guide.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Canada_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-GoCCannTrack18-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-GoCCannTrack18_11-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/gazette.gc.ca\/rp-pr\/p2\/2019\/2019-06-26\/html\/sor-dors202-eng.html\">\"Cannabis Tracking System Order: SOR\/2019-202\"<\/a>. <i>Canada Gazette - Part II<\/i> <b>153<\/b> (13). June 2019<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/gazette.gc.ca\/rp-pr\/p2\/2019\/2019-06-26\/html\/sor-dors202-eng.html\">http:\/\/gazette.gc.ca\/rp-pr\/p2\/2019\/2019-06-26\/html\/sor-dors202-eng.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cannabis+Tracking+System+Order%3A+SOR%2F2019-202&rft.jtitle=Canada+Gazette+-+Part+II&rft.date=June+2019&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgazette.gc.ca%2Frp-pr%2Fp2%2F2019%2F2019-06-26%2Fhtml%2Fsor-dors202-eng.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Canada_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.213 seconds\nReal time usage: 3.845 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 6855\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 19077\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 79357\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 22105\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 16\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Canada_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Canada_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","57ca032872bf910a99fbf6e77f5dd85e_images":["https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/57\/706x599-Canada-%28geolocalisation%29-R1.jpg"],"57ca032872bf910a99fbf6e77f5dd85e_timestamp":1610467629,"0439c1196c953d1a459be97082e7d5f6_type":"article","0439c1196c953d1a459be97082e7d5f6_title":"General Impact of Regulations on Cannabis Lab Management","0439c1196c953d1a459be97082e7d5f6_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management","0439c1196c953d1a459be97082e7d5f6_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tGeneral Impact of Regulations on Cannabis Lab Management \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\n\nNote: With this guide in general, and this chapter in particular, it should be noted that LabLynx isn't providing legal advice. Regulations change constantly, and it's ultimately up to the laboratory to be responsible for verifying legal requirements for compliance.\n\r\n\n\nIntroduction \nBack in Chapter 2, we provided a brief overview of cannabis regulation at the federal and state levels, as well as various standards, national and international, for cannabis testing. The key points were:\n\n Marijuana was initially placed under Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA)[1] and remains federally illegal today in the U.S.[2][3][4]\n As of January 2021, thirty-seven U.S. states and the District of Columbia have put some sort of broad decriminalization or legalization laws for cannabis on the books[5], regardless of federal status, creating potential points of conflict between the federal and state governments.\n In many cases, regulations, standards, and recommendations vary among states, sometimes drastically.[6] In drastic cases, a state may not mandate laboratory testing or offer testing standards for cannabis despite having legalization or decriminalization on the books.[7]\n Without a clear, focused legalization initiative in the U.S., professional organizations, state and local governments, and standards committees have created new or drawn from existing standards and recommendations in a somewhat piecemeal approach. However, some common approaches have emerged (e.g. track-and-trace, similar types of testing), and where comprehensive and detailed regulations have been put in place-particularly California-other states and countries are looking closely at them as they implement their own. So standards and homogeneity in laboratory testing are now beginning to take shape.\nHow existing regulations impact cannabis lab management \nGiven the somewhat fractured regulatory landscape of cannabis testing in the U.S., it's difficult to make broad generalizations about cannabis regulations and their enforcement. The regulations regarding testing programs may be more strict and well enforced in some states than others, or banking laws\u2014which have stymied cannabis laboratories in the past[8][9][10]\u2014may be slightly more relaxed in various locations. The good news is that as we proceed into 2021, any lab can see what kinds of testing and other requirements to expect eventually by casting their gaze at the more mature cannabis testing states, like California, Colorado, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Regardless, a laboratory manager has a lot to consider when it comes to regulations and standards that impact their lab:\n\n Banking: As previously discussed, banks can be punished by federal institutions such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) should they take money associated with a federally illegal activity.[11] This makes it incredibly difficult to manage money associated with cannabis. While more than 400 banks and credit unions are reportedly accepting such money[12], the standards set up by the banking institution are considerably detailed and necessary. Credit Unions like Partner Colorado (who reportedly don't have the resources to take more clients) may provide banking services, but not without aggressive interviews, document collection, inspections, and monitoring.[13]\n Data and file management: Also discussed previously, if any cloud services are used to store sensitive cannabis data, not only how that data is stored but also where it is stored are vital. For example, Canadian clients may have real concerns about their personal identifying information (PII) being stored on servers in the U.S.[14][15][16], and some U.S. states may place legal limits about what PII can be shared with third parties.[17][18] Lab managers and IT staff must be clear on what regulations, if any, will dictate their obligations to PII and associated data. Many states will also require a track-and-trace system (like Metrc) be used by the laboratory as part of their data management activities. Finally, states may have their own data retention requirements in place; for example, California has a data retention requirement of seven years for anything from financial records to track-and-trace documentation, which must be immediately producible upon request.[19]\n Laboratory testing: Next to financial management, one of the most important aspects of cannabis lab management is how regulations and standards will affect actual laboratory testing. With no standardized set of test methods across all states, a cannabis testing laboratory being considered in one state may require slightly different analytical equipment and\/or methods than in another. However, with state government commonly turning to and adding modifications to existing clinical (and other) laboratory accreditation programs to mitigate redundancy[20], and adopting guidance and limits found elsewhere (e.g., Oregon using the European Medicines Agency's guidelines for residual solvents[21]), specific equipment and proficiency requirements aren't completely surprising. A slowly growing consensus of test methods and equipment for cannabis testing is emerging in the U.S.[22], and a clearer picture of financial investment in equipment with it. Additionally, existing standards such as ISO\/IEC 17025, publications by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), and developing standards efforts by ASTM's Committee D37[23][24] provide additional stability to an industry otherwise working at best in a tenuously regulated atmosphere.[25] Yet there is no denying that compliance with regulatory and standard-based mechanisms that do exist provides its own set of challenges to cannabis testing laboratories.\n Staffing: States may place a set of requirements on who exactly can be employed at a cannabis testing laboratory, forcing cannabis testing laboratories to be a bit more selective in who they hire. For example, California mandates people 21 and older, with specific degree and experience requirements for managers\/supervisors, analysts, and samplers.[19] The stricter the degree requirements a state mandates, the more difficult - and expensive - it may be to fill certain positions.\n Transportation: States typically also control who moves samples\/batches and how they are moved, both incoming to the lab and outgoing to their next destination. These regulations may also include age requirements, employment requirements, and vehicle\/trailer requirements. Track-and-trace requirements will likely tie into how samples\/batches are transported, though limitations may be placed on moving material from one related laboratory to another. Every milligram of federally outlawed substances is accounted for by labs, growers, distributors and transporters, in an effort to show the US government that states are being responsible, thus lessening the likelihood of federal interference or prosecution.\nOf course, there's also the topic of \"regulatory capture\" (a bending and manipulation of public good by private and industry interests) and what it potentially does to the small labs attempting to operate in the cannabis testing industry. The cannabis industry is not unique, any given industry always is at risk of players \"using the system\" in ways that give them advantages - often legally but still unfairly. Correctly diagnosing and preventing it is difficult in any industry, to be fair. Duke Law School's Lawrence Baxter says the following on this topic[26]\n\nSome degree of capture is surely inevitable. If capture is understood as becoming undesirable when the degree of influence by one legitimate stakeholder in the regulatory process over another has become unbalanced, then avoiding or reducing the distortions created by capture\u2014that is, disproportionate industry influence\u2014becomes essentially a question of promoting principles for maintaining transparency and accountability. Because they focus on a systemic process, no single solution is likely to prevent distortions on its own.\nThis translates, in the cannabis industry especially, to big, well-funded corporations absorbing smaller concerns. They can then begin to exert greater control over production and pricing. The concerns of regulatory capture and \"Big Marijuana\" on the ability for small cannabis business to compete continues to grow are noted by David Boaz of the Cato Institute[27], and others.[28][29][30] Some have speculated that as a result, fewer smaller labs may exist due to consolidation.[31][32][33] How this plays out remains to be seen, but cannabis testing laboratory start-ups are surely not turning a blind eye towards how regulation is affecting their industry financially.\n\nReferences \n\n\n\u2191 \"\u00a7812. Schedules of controlled substances\". United States Code. U.S. Government Publishing Office. 03 January 2012. https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title21\/html\/USCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Leger, D.L. (11 August 2016). \"Marijuana to remain illegal under federal law, DEA says\". USA. Today. Gannett Company. https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/2016\/08\/11\/dea-marijuana-remains-illegal-under-federal-law\/88550804\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Joseph, A. (10 August 2016). \"DEA decision keeps major restrictions in place on marijuana research\". STAT. Boston Globe Media. https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2016\/08\/10\/marijuana-medical-research-dea\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Grubbs, A. (13 August 2016). \"DEA Declines Request to Reclassify Marijuana, Citiing Its 'High Potential for Abuse'\". CNSNews. Media Research Center. https:\/\/www.cnsnews.com\/news\/article\/alex-grubbs\/dea-declines-request-reclassify-marijuana-citiing-its-high-potential-abuse . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Berke, J.; Gal, S.; Lee, Y.J. (06 January 2021). \"All the states where marijuana is legal \u2014 and 5 more that voted to legalize it in November\". Business Insider. Insider, Inc. https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/legal-marijuana-states-2018-1 . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Cambron, C.; Guttmannova, K.; Fleming, C.B. (2017). \"State and National Contexts in Evaluating Cannabis Laws: A Case Study of Washington State\". Journal of Drug Issues 47 (1): 74\u201390. doi:10.1177\/0022042616678607.   \n\n\u2191 Staahl, D. (03 May 2018). \"Medical marijuana testing bill dies in AZ House from lack of Democratic support\". AZFamily. https:\/\/www.azfamily.com\/archives\/medical-marijuana-testing-bill-dies-in-az-house-from-lack\/article_04747cdb-e297-5517-8b63-2d8d073a833d.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Lampach, D. (20 November 2013). \"Q&A With CEO of Steep Hill Halent: US Cannabis Testing Market Could Hit $40M by 2016\". Marijuana Business Daily. Anne Holland Ventures, Inc. https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/qa-with-steep-hill-lab-ceo-david-lampach-cannabis-testing-market-could-hit-40m-in-2-years\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Tulsi, B.B. (03 October 2016). \"A Bright Future for Cannabis Testing Services\". Lab Manager. LabX Media Group. https:\/\/www.labmanager.com\/labs-less-ordinary\/today-s-cannabis-research-market-4338 . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 The Associated Press (01 April 2018). \"Alaska marijuana-testing lab closes, leaving only 2 in state\". The Seattle Times. Seattle Times Company. https:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/seattle-news\/marijuana\/alaska-marijuana-testing-lab-closes-leaving-only-2-in-state-2\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Hill, J.A. (2015). \"Banks, Marijuana, and Federalism\". Case Western Reserve Federal Law Review 65 (3): 597\u2013647. http:\/\/scholarlycommons.law.case.edu\/caselrev\/vol65\/iss3\/7 .   \n\n\u2191 Angell, T. (14 June 2018). \"More Banks Working With Marijuana Businesses, Despite Federal Moves\". Forbes. Forbes Media, LLC. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tomangell\/2018\/06\/14\/more-banks-working-with-marijuana-businesses-despite-federal-moves\/#4d828ed21b1b . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Mandelbaum, R. (04 January 2018). \"Where Pot Entrepreneurs Go When the Banks Just Say No\". The New York Times. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/01\/04\/magazine\/where-pot-entrepreneurs-go-when-the-banks-just-say-no.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Blinch, M. (27 August 2018). \"How privatized cannabis sales threaten your privacy\". The Conversation. https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-privatized-cannabis-sales-threaten-your-privacy-101870 . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"A society in transition, an industry ready to bloom: 2018 Cannabis Report\" (PDF). Deloitte LLP. 2018. https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/Deloitte\/ca\/Documents\/consulting\/ca-cannabis-2018-report-en.PDF . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Moore, B. (27 September 2018). \"Cova Software Announces Plan to Retain Retail Cannabis Data in Canada\". NCIA News. National Cannabis Industry Association. https:\/\/thecannabisindustry.org\/member_news\/cova-software-announces-plan-to-retain-retail-cannabis-data-in-canada\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Marum, A. (19 April 2017). \"Smoke pot in Oregon? Your name now protected from feds\". The Oregonian. https:\/\/www.oregonlive.com\/marijuana\/2017\/04\/marijuana_user_data_protected.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Sherry, K. (04 October 2018). \"Client Alert: New California Privacy Law, AB-2402, Specifically Targets Cannabis Licensees\". Nelson Hardiman Newsroom. Nelson Hardiman LLP. https:\/\/www.nelsonhardiman.com\/client-alert-new-california-privacy-law-ab-2402-specifically-targets-cannabis-licensees\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 19.0 19.1 \"California Code of Regulations Title 16, Division 42, Bureau of Cannabis Control - Order of Adoption\". State of California. 16 January 2019. https:\/\/www.bcc.ca.gov\/law_regs\/cannabis_order_of_adoption.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Unger, P.; Brauninger, R.; Hudalla, C. et al. (December 2014). \"Standards for Cannabis Testing Laboratories\" (PDF). Cannabis Safety Institute. Archived from the original on 01 September 2018. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180901121108\/http:\/\/cannabissafetyinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Standards-for-Cannabis-Testing-Laboratories.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Farrer, D.G. (December 2015). \"Technical Report: Oregon Health Authority\u2019s Process to Determine Which Types of Contaminants to Test for in Cannabis Products, and Levels for Action\" (PDF). Oregon Health Authority. https:\/\/public.health.oregon.gov\/PreventionWellness\/marijuana\/Documents\/oha-8964-technical-report-marijuana-contaminant-testing.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Douglas, S.E. (December 2018). \"3. Laboratory testing of cannabis\". Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States. LabLynx, Inc. https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php\/LII:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Laboratory_testing_of_cannabis . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Maxwell, J. (May 2017). \"The Need for Cannabis Standards\". ASTM Standardization News. ASTM International. https:\/\/sn.astm.org\/?q=features\/need-cannabis-standards-mj17.html . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Morgan, R. (29 March 2018). \"ASTM International Committee D37 on Cannabis: The Road to Consensus Standards\". LabRoots. https:\/\/www.labroots.com\/webinar\/astm-international-committee-d37-cannabis-road-consensus-standards . Retrieved 09 January 2021 . \"At 20:25 of the webinar\"   \n\n\u2191 DePalma, A. (10 September 2018). \"Challenges of Cannabis Contaminant Testing\". Lab Manager. LabX Media Group. https:\/\/www.labmanager.com\/insights\/challenges-of-cannabis-contaminant-testing-1928 . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Baxter, L.G. (2012). \"Understanding Regulatory Capture: An Academic Perspective from the United States\". In Pagliari, S.. The Making of Good Financial Regulation: Towards a Policy Response to Regulatory Capture. Duke University School of Law. pp. 31\u20139. https:\/\/scholarship.law.duke.edu\/faculty_scholarship\/2587\/ . Retrieved 02 February 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 Boaz, D. (25 April 2018). \"Will Regulations Create Big Marijuana?\". Cato at Liberty. Cato Institute. https:\/\/www.cato.org\/blog\/will-regulations-create-big-marijuana . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Steering Committee of the Blue Ribbon Commission on Marijuana Policy (22 July 2015). \"Pathways Report: Policy Options for Regulating Marijuana in California\" (PDF). Blue Ribbon Commission on Marijuana Policy. https:\/\/www.aclunc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/20150721-brc_pathways_report.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Sullivan, J. (08 November 2018). \"\u2018Big Marijuana\u2019 is actually a thing\". CommonWealth. Mass Inc. https:\/\/commonwealthmagazine.org\/back-story\/big-marijuana-is-actually-a-thing\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Wallach, P.; Rauch, J. (June 2016). \"Bootleggers, Baptists, bureaucrats, and bongs: How special interests will shape marijuana legalization\" (PDF). The Brookings Institution. pp. 22. https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/bootleggers.pdf . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 CannabisFN (16 July 2015). \"DigiPath (DIGP) Well Positioned To Take Advantage of $850M Cannabis Testing Market\". The Marijuana Index. MJIC, Inc. http:\/\/marijuanaindex.com\/digipath-digp-well-positioned-to-take-advantage-of-850m-cannabis-testing-market\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Schroyer, J. (January 2016). \"Industry Snapshot: Testing Labs\". Marijuana Business Magazine. Anne Holland Ventures, Inc. https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"5 Key Things to Know About the Cannabis Testing Laboratory Business in California\". Insights. Kramer Holcomb Sheik LLP. July 2018. Archived from the original on 16 November 2018. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181116163631\/https:\/\/www.khslaw.com\/insights\/cannabis-testing-lab-laws-in-california\/ . Retrieved 09 January 2021 .   \n\n\n\r\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 9 January 2021, at 16:34.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 1,233 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","0439c1196c953d1a459be97082e7d5f6_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">General Impact of Regulations on Cannabis Lab Management<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Code_of_Federal_Regulations.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"11377c24a1fe361917e8c47590925003\"><img alt=\"Code of Federal Regulations.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Code_of_Federal_Regulations.jpg\/400px-Code_of_Federal_Regulations.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div><b>Note<\/b>: With this guide in general, and this chapter in particular, it should be noted that LabLynx isn't providing legal advice. Regulations change constantly, and it's ultimately up to the laboratory to be responsible for verifying legal requirements for compliance.\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Back in Chapter 2, we provided <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Regulatory Compliance - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"215c53df299701d4ec1bbcae57e9da06\">a brief overview<\/a> of cannabis regulation at the federal and state levels, as well as various standards, national and international, for cannabis testing. The key points were:\n<\/p>\n<ol><li> Marijuana was initially placed under Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA)<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GPO21USC812_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GPO21USC812-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> and remains federally illegal today in the U.S.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LegerMari16_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LegerMari16-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-JosephDEA16_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-JosephDEA16-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GrubbsDEA16_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GrubbsDEA16-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li> As of January 2021, thirty-seven U.S. states and the District of Columbia have put some sort of broad decriminalization or legalization laws for cannabis on the books<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BerkeMichigan18_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BerkeMichigan18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>, regardless of federal status, creating potential points of conflict between the federal and state governments.<\/li>\n<li> In many cases, regulations, standards, and recommendations vary among states, sometimes drastically.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CambronState16_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CambronState16-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup> In drastic cases, a state may not mandate laboratory testing or offer testing standards for cannabis despite having legalization or decriminalization on the books.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-StaahlMedical18_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-StaahlMedical18-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li> Without a clear, focused legalization initiative in the U.S., professional organizations, state and local governments, and standards committees have created new or drawn from existing standards and recommendations in a somewhat piecemeal approach. However, some common approaches have emerged (e.g. track-and-trace, similar types of testing), and where comprehensive and detailed regulations have been put in place-particularly California-other states and countries are looking closely at them as they implement their own. So standards and homogeneity in laboratory testing are now beginning to take shape.<\/li><\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"How_existing_regulations_impact_cannabis_lab_management\">How existing regulations impact cannabis lab management<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Given the somewhat fractured regulatory landscape of cannabis testing in the U.S., it's difficult to make broad generalizations about cannabis regulations and their enforcement. The regulations regarding testing programs may be more strict and well enforced in some states than others, or banking laws\u2014which have stymied cannabis laboratories in the past<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LampachQA13_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LampachQA13-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-TulsiABright16_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-TulsiABright16-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APAlaska18_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APAlaska18-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\u2014may be slightly more relaxed in various locations. The good news is that as we proceed into 2021, any lab can see what kinds of testing and other requirements to expect eventually by casting their gaze at the more mature cannabis testing states, like California, Colorado, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Regardless, a laboratory manager has a lot to consider when it comes to regulations and standards that impact their lab:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <b>Banking<\/b>: As <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\" title=\"The Cannabis Industry (a U.S. perspective)\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"a7934cd69827b96dcb90a34fd5152115\">previously discussed<\/a>, banks can be punished by federal institutions such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) should they take money associated with a federally illegal activity.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HillBanks15_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HillBanks15-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> This makes it incredibly difficult to manage money associated with cannabis. While more than 400 banks and credit unions are reportedly accepting such money<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AngellMoreBanks18_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AngellMoreBanks18-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>, the standards set up by the banking institution are considerably detailed and necessary. Credit Unions like Partner Colorado (who reportedly don't have the resources to take more clients) may provide banking services, but not without aggressive interviews, document collection, inspections, and monitoring.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MandelbaumWherePot18_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MandelbaumWherePot18-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>Data and file management<\/b>: Also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\" title=\"The Cannabis Industry (a U.S. perspective)\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"a7934cd69827b96dcb90a34fd5152115\">discussed previously<\/a>, if any cloud services are used to store sensitive cannabis data, not only how that data is stored but also <i>where<\/i> it is stored are vital. For example, Canadian clients may have real concerns about their personal identifying information (PII) being stored on servers in the U.S.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BlinchHowPriv18_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BlinchHowPriv18-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DeloitteASociety18_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DeloitteASociety18-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MooreCova18_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MooreCova18-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup>, and some U.S. states may place legal limits about what PII can be shared with third parties.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MarumSmoke17_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MarumSmoke17-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SherryClient18_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SherryClient18-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup> Lab managers and IT staff must be clear on what regulations, if any, will dictate their obligations to PII and associated data. Many states will also require a track-and-trace system (like Metrc) be used by the laboratory as part of their data management activities. Finally, states may have their own data retention requirements in place; for example, California has a data retention requirement of seven years for anything from financial records to track-and-trace documentation, which must be immediately producible upon request.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>Laboratory testing<\/b>: Next to financial management, one of the most important aspects of cannabis lab management is how regulations and standards will affect actual laboratory testing. With no standardized set of test methods across all states, a cannabis testing laboratory being considered in one state may require slightly different analytical equipment and\/or methods than in another. However, with state government commonly turning to and adding modifications to existing clinical (and other) laboratory accreditation programs to mitigate redundancy<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-UngerStandards14_20-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-UngerStandards14-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>, and adopting guidance and limits found elsewhere (e.g., Oregon using the European Medicines Agency's guidelines for residual solvents<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FarrerTech15_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FarrerTech15-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>), specific equipment and proficiency requirements aren't completely surprising. A slowly growing consensus of test methods and equipment for cannabis testing is emerging in the U.S.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DouglasPast18_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DouglasPast18-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup>, and a clearer picture of financial investment in equipment with it. Additionally, existing standards such as ISO\/IEC 17025, publications by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), and developing standards efforts by ASTM's Committee D37<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MaxwellTheNeed17_23-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MaxwellTheNeed17-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MorganASTM18_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MorganASTM18-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup> provide additional stability to an industry otherwise working at best in a tenuously regulated atmosphere.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DePalmaChallenges18_25-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DePalmaChallenges18-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup> Yet there is no denying that compliance with regulatory and standard-based mechanisms that do exist provides its own set of challenges to cannabis testing laboratories.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>Staffing<\/b>: States may place a set of requirements on who exactly can be employed at a cannabis testing laboratory, forcing cannabis testing laboratories to be a bit more selective in who they hire. For example, California mandates people 21 and older, with specific degree and experience requirements for managers\/supervisors, analysts, and samplers.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BCCT16D42_19_19-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BCCT16D42_19-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup> The stricter the degree requirements a state mandates, the more difficult - and expensive - it may be to fill certain positions.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>Transportation<\/b>: States typically also control who moves samples\/batches and how they are moved, both incoming to the lab and outgoing to their next destination. These regulations may also include age requirements, employment requirements, and vehicle\/trailer requirements. Track-and-trace requirements will likely tie into how samples\/batches are transported, though limitations may be placed on moving material from one related laboratory to another. Every milligram of federally outlawed substances is accounted for by labs, growers, distributors and transporters, in an effort to show the US government that states are being responsible, thus lessening the likelihood of federal interference or prosecution.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Of course, there's also the topic of \"regulatory capture\" (a bending and manipulation of public good by private and industry interests) and what it potentially does to the small labs attempting to operate in the cannabis testing industry. The cannabis industry is not unique, any given industry always is at risk of players \"using the system\" in ways that give them advantages - often legally but still unfairly. Correctly diagnosing and preventing it is difficult in any industry, to be fair. Duke Law School's Lawrence Baxter says the following on this topic<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BaxterUnderstand12_26-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BaxterUnderstand12-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>Some degree of capture is surely inevitable. If capture is understood as becoming undesirable when the degree of influence by one legitimate stakeholder in the regulatory process over another has become unbalanced, then avoiding or reducing the distortions created by capture\u2014that is, disproportionate industry influence\u2014becomes essentially a question of promoting principles for maintaining transparency and accountability. Because they focus on a systemic process, no single solution is likely to prevent distortions on its own.<\/blockquote>\n<p>This translates, in the cannabis industry especially, to big, well-funded corporations absorbing smaller concerns. They can then begin to exert greater control over production and pricing. The concerns of regulatory capture and \"Big Marijuana\" on the ability for small cannabis business to compete continues to grow are noted by David Boaz of the Cato Institute<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BoazWill18_27-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BoazWill18-27\">[27]<\/a><\/sup>, and others.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SteeringPathways15_28-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SteeringPathways15-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SullivanBig18_29-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SullivanBig18-29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WallachBoot16_30-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WallachBoot16-30\">[30]<\/a><\/sup> Some have speculated that as a result, fewer smaller labs may exist due to consolidation.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-TMIDigiPath15_31-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-TMIDigiPath15-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SchroyerIndustry16_32-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SchroyerIndustry16-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KHSFiveKey18_33-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KHSFiveKey18-33\">[33]<\/a><\/sup> How this plays out remains to be seen, but cannabis testing laboratory start-ups are surely not turning a blind eye towards how regulation is affecting their industry financially.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-GPO21USC812-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-GPO21USC812_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title21\/html\/USCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm\">\"\u00a7812. Schedules of controlled substances\"<\/a>. <i>United States Code<\/i>. U.S. Government Publishing Office. 03 January 2012<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title21\/html\/USCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm\">https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title21\/html\/USCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%C2%A7812.+Schedules+of+controlled+substances&rft.atitle=United+States+Code&rft.date=03+January+2012&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Publishing+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FUSCODE-2011-title21%2Fhtml%2FUSCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-LegerMari16-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-LegerMari16_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Leger, D.L. (11 August 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/2016\/08\/11\/dea-marijuana-remains-illegal-under-federal-law\/88550804\/\">\"Marijuana to remain illegal under federal law, DEA says\"<\/a>. <i>USA. Today<\/i>. Gannett Company<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/2016\/08\/11\/dea-marijuana-remains-illegal-under-federal-law\/88550804\/\">https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/2016\/08\/11\/dea-marijuana-remains-illegal-under-federal-law\/88550804\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Will+Regulations+Create+Big+Marijuana%3F&rft.atitle=Cato+at+Liberty&rft.aulast=Boaz%2C+D.&rft.au=Boaz%2C+D.&rft.date=25+April+2018&rft.pub=Cato+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cato.org%2Fblog%2Fwill-regulations-create-big-marijuana&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SteeringPathways15-28\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SteeringPathways15_28-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Steering Committee of the Blue Ribbon Commission on Marijuana Policy (22 July 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aclunc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/20150721-brc_pathways_report.pdf\">\"Pathways Report: Policy Options for Regulating Marijuana in California\"<\/a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Pathways+Report%3A+Policy+Options+for+Regulating+Marijuana+in+California&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Steering+Committee+of+the+Blue+Ribbon+Commission+on+Marijuana+Policy&rft.au=Steering+Committee+of+the+Blue+Ribbon+Commission+on+Marijuana+Policy&rft.date=22+July+2015&rft.pub=Blue+Ribbon+Commission+on+Marijuana+Policy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aclunc.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F20150721-brc_pathways_report.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SullivanBig18-29\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SullivanBig18_29-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Sullivan, J. (08 November 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/commonwealthmagazine.org\/back-story\/big-marijuana-is-actually-a-thing\/\">\"\u2018Big Marijuana\u2019 is actually a thing\"<\/a>. <i>CommonWealth<\/i>. Mass Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/commonwealthmagazine.org\/back-story\/big-marijuana-is-actually-a-thing\/\">https:\/\/commonwealthmagazine.org\/back-story\/big-marijuana-is-actually-a-thing\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%E2%80%98Big+Marijuana%E2%80%99+is+actually+a+thing&rft.atitle=CommonWealth&rft.aulast=Sullivan%2C+J.&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+J.&rft.date=08+November+2018&rft.pub=Mass+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonwealthmagazine.org%2Fback-story%2Fbig-marijuana-is-actually-a-thing%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WallachBoot16-30\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-WallachBoot16_30-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Wallach, P.; Rauch, J. (June 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/bootleggers.pdf\">\"Bootleggers, Baptists, bureaucrats, and bongs: How special interests will shape marijuana legalization\"<\/a> (PDF). The Brookings Institution. pp. 22<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/bootleggers.pdf\">https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/bootleggers.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Bootleggers%2C+Baptists%2C+bureaucrats%2C+and+bongs%3A+How+special+interests+will+shape+marijuana+legalization&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Wallach%2C+P.%3B+Rauch%2C+J.&rft.au=Wallach%2C+P.%3B+Rauch%2C+J.&rft.date=June+2016&rft.pages=pp.+22&rft.pub=The+Brookings+Institution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F07%2Fbootleggers.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-TMIDigiPath15-31\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-TMIDigiPath15_31-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">CannabisFN (16 July 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/marijuanaindex.com\/digipath-digp-well-positioned-to-take-advantage-of-850m-cannabis-testing-market\/\">\"DigiPath (DIGP) Well Positioned To Take Advantage of $850M Cannabis Testing Market\"<\/a>. <i>The Marijuana Index<\/i>. MJIC, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/marijuanaindex.com\/digipath-digp-well-positioned-to-take-advantage-of-850m-cannabis-testing-market\/\">http:\/\/marijuanaindex.com\/digipath-digp-well-positioned-to-take-advantage-of-850m-cannabis-testing-market\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=DigiPath+%28DIGP%29+Well+Positioned+To+Take+Advantage+of+%24850M+Cannabis+Testing+Market&rft.atitle=The+Marijuana+Index&rft.aulast=CannabisFN&rft.au=CannabisFN&rft.date=16+July+2015&rft.pub=MJIC%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarijuanaindex.com%2Fdigipath-digp-well-positioned-to-take-advantage-of-850m-cannabis-testing-market%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SchroyerIndustry16-32\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SchroyerIndustry16_32-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Schroyer, J. (January 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\/\">\"Industry Snapshot: Testing Labs\"<\/a>. <i>Marijuana Business Magazine<\/i>. Anne Holland Ventures, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\/\">https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Industry+Snapshot%3A+Testing+Labs&rft.atitle=Marijuana+Business+Magazine&rft.aulast=Schroyer%2C+J.&rft.au=Schroyer%2C+J.&rft.date=January+2016&rft.pub=Anne+Holland+Ventures%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmjbizmagazine.com%2Findustry-snapshot-testing-labs%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-KHSFiveKey18-33\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-KHSFiveKey18_33-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181116163631\/https:\/\/www.khslaw.com\/insights\/cannabis-testing-lab-laws-in-california\/\">\"5 Key Things to Know About the Cannabis Testing Laboratory Business in California\"<\/a>. <i>Insights<\/i>. Kramer Holcomb Sheik LLP. July 2018. Archived from <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khslaw.com\/insights\/cannabis-testing-lab-laws-in-california\/\">the original<\/a> on 16 November 2018<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181116163631\/https:\/\/www.khslaw.com\/insights\/cannabis-testing-lab-laws-in-california\/\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20181116163631\/https:\/\/www.khslaw.com\/insights\/cannabis-testing-lab-laws-in-california\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 09 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=5+Key+Things+to+Know+About+the+Cannabis+Testing+Laboratory+Business+in+California&rft.atitle=Insights&rft.date=July+2018&rft.pub=Kramer+Holcomb+Sheik+LLP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20181116163631%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.khslaw.com%2Finsights%2Fcannabis-testing-lab-laws-in-california%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.460 seconds\nReal time usage: 2.038 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 20861\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 24458\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 170190\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 74774\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 15\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","0439c1196c953d1a459be97082e7d5f6_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Code_of_Federal_Regulations.jpg\/800px-Code_of_Federal_Regulations.jpg"],"0439c1196c953d1a459be97082e7d5f6_timestamp":1610467627,"bd525fe0be482e55933100b5e76d017b_type":"article","bd525fe0be482e55933100b5e76d017b_title":"Example Cost Analysis","bd525fe0be482e55933100b5e76d017b_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Example_Cost_Analysis","bd525fe0be482e55933100b5e76d017b_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tExample Cost Analysis \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tContents\n\n1 Putting it into numbers \n\n1.1 Subscription\/License \n\n1.1.1 A note about licensing\/subscription: Number of users \n\n\n1.2 Services \n1.3 MSW \n1.4 Total costs \n\n\n\n\n\nPutting it into numbers \nHaving considered and reviewed:\n Evaluating and Implementing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing\n Features and Functions in a Cannabis Testing LIMS\n Ongoing Maintenance, Support and Warranty\n Example LIMS for Cannabis Testing\n...it can be helpful to take a look at a real-world example of a quote for a more or less \"typical\" cannabis testing LIMS. The items identified in these chapters are listed as line items in the sales agreement and constitute the statement of work (SOW). It is important to include exactly what is expected, being as specific as possible, since this will be the entire contractual obligation for both parties. Obviously, the line items may differ from system to system somewhat, according to what features and functions are included by default with the LIMS and which, if any, are additional. While the contract SOW is always ultimately an estimate, if the steps as described in Evaluating and Implementing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing were followed, then it should be quite accurate, and in fact the final cost may even be below the quoted cost if you prioritize your own obligations so that the vendor's hours are used sparingly and efficiently. Below is an example of a cannabis testing laboratory LIMS SOW for California (from LabLynx, Inc.):\n\n\n\nThe costs can be a mixture of subscriptions (annual and\/or monthly), fixed one-time costs (unit of \"Each\") and\/or hourly services. However, the reality is that they really are either license\/subscription or services. Any fixed costs for other items are really for services, and represent one of two possible scenarios:\n1. Final fixed cost: In this case, the cost has been figured by the vendor so as to cover their worst-case hourly labor total. If the item (typically interfaces) is not \"worst case,\" then you are overpaying.\n2. \"Expandable\" fixed cost: This is as bad as final fixed cost, and maybe even worse because it's almost a case of \"bait-and-switch,\" popping up as a surprise. The initial \"fixed cost\" number is low, and additional hourly services are needed to actually deliver the item. This will have been provided for somewhere in the small print. The bottom line is that everything in a LIMS is really either licensing or hourly services. Just be careful if they are portrayed as anything else.\nIt is important to be clear which category each line item falls under when figuring costs, which can be divided into (1) up-front (due upon signing), (2) annual and (3) ongoing (e.g., SaaS subscription). It is useful to clearly lay out each and compute initial costs, as well as first year and subsequent years' costings. In this example:\n1. Initial: Your initial layout may be as little as your first month's subscription plus the first 40 hours of services; in this example we see $500 + $6600 = $7,100. Different vendors have different policies, however, and you may be required to pay for your first full year's subscription and no services, or some other combination. Normally, though, any instrument interface or other services charges aren't due until the they are implemented, which may be a few weeks or even a month or so down the road, depending on your budget, complexity of the SOW, and urgency.\n2. First year: Your first year's expenses will include everything, including initial license fees, all setup and training, any interfaces and additional configurations or customization, and first annual maintenance, service, and warranty (MSW). (If this isn't included in the SaaS subscription, then it usually commences on full system delivery).\n3. Ongoing: Your subscription and MSW will be the only ongoing expenses (included as one in this example), unless you choose to have additional interfaces or other services performed at any time.\n\nSubscription\/License \nThere are two primary ways to price a LIMS itself: one-time license fee or subscription (cloud-hosted software-as-a-service or SaaS ). If you have your own dedicated IT department and staff, you may prefer the former (although many system administrators are just as happy to let it be hosted elsewhere rather than add to their workload). Otherwise, SaaS subscription may well be the better and more cost-effective way to go (no IT costs at all other than internet access). This item will be part of your up-front cost and, in the case of subscription, it will also figure in your first year and ongoing costs (otherwise only associated MSW will figure there). The example here shows a monthly subscription fee of $500, with the initial month due at signing. More often, the vendor may require three months or even the first year up front, so be prepared to factor that into up-front costs. However, it still is almost always less expensive at the outset (and over time if you factor in IT costs and annual MSW) than paying for a license fee.\nA note about licensing\/subscription: Number of users \nIn addition to the two types of software pricing, there are sub-types. Generally these are based on the number of users (or, in some cases, \"nodes,\" which are simply any entities that access the LIMS, including other systems, instruments, etc.). How these are counted can vary:\n\n Named users: This method bases pricing on the actual individual users of the system, even if they may only log in once in awhile. Users may NOT use each other's logins (this is a no-no regardless of pricing structure, for GxP and other standards\/regulations reasons).\n Concurrent users: This bases pricing on the maximum number of users who will be logged in at any given time. You can define an unlimited number of named users in the system, each with their own login credentials. However, only the number of (concurrent) users specified in the license\/subscription may be logged in at any one time. For example, you may have ten staff, but due to work processes, shifts, etc., only up to six might ever be logged in simultaneously. Whereas this would require a named user license for 10, it would only require a concurrent user license for six.\n Unlimited users: In the case of very large labs (typically 30 to 50 and up), the license or subscription may simply be a flat fee that allows any number of users.\nServices \nThe second major component of pricing your LIMS is services. No matter how pre-configured for cannabis testing, any professional LIMS will require some amount of standard setup to reflect your particular lab, e.g., lab name and contact details for reports\/COA, entering users and their roles\/access permissions, adding and\/or modifying tests and processes\/workflows, renaming some fields, adding\/hiding fields, setting up a web portal, interfaces, etc. Equally indispensable is proper training for both users and administrator(s). And you may find at any time that you would like additional features or functions. The services here are listed in hourly units (again, be very careful if any items that are services-based are listed as fixed-price items).\nServices can include:\n\n Kickoff meeting: initial planning, identify delta, set schedule, etc.\n Project management\n Setup\n Training (user and admin)\n Additional configurations and\/or customization\n Interfaces\n Custom screens\n Custom reports and labels\n Additional triggers, alerts, etc.\n Additional or custom functionality\n Validation\/Acceptance testing: either to a third-party standard (certification) or to manufacturer claims\/specs\/contract\nMSW \nThe third and final component of your LIMS costs is the ongoing coverage for maintenance, support and warranty (MSW). There are of course three items rolled up into this, and we'll discuss each individually. Cost-wise, industry norms are anywhere from 15%-25% of either the license fee or total contract, levied annually to provide this coverage. Alternatively, it may be simply included with your subscription. It will include a specified number of support hours and maintenance hours or guarantees. Warranty should be unlimited for as long as the MSW or subscription is kept current. \n\n Maintenance: This is any and all work necessary to keep your LIMS working as designed. It includes any updates, patches or fixes, and most if not all upgrades (a major shift to a totally new edition may not be covered, but it may come at a significantly lower cost).\n Support: Support services generally consist of a specified number of hours and are for helping you in the operation of the system, rather than \"fixing\" anything. They include things like guidance on items related to training, password\/login support, etc.\n Warranty: With any professional application you expect to have a warranty.\nA warranty covers:\n Anything that doesn't work that should, unless YOU broke it. That includes any standard features and functions, as well as any additional ones that were delivered and signed off on, and any other work performed by the vendor or its representatives.\nA warranty does not cover:\n\n Anything that was working fine, you messed with it (beyond normal operation) and broke it. In these cases you'll probably have to pony up to get it fixed.\nTotal costs \nAs shown in the example, your total LIMS costs are tallied according to the licenses or subscriptions and hourly services, plus any additional MSW. Two ways to help maximize affordability and success are (1) as stated before, make sure you plan as thoroughly as possible and set aside sufficient funding for the lab operation you envision, and (2) plan out your implementation, perhaps staggering some of the major non-central items to be phased in over time in favor of getting operational with your LIMS as early as possible.\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Example_Cost_Analysis\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Example_Cost_Analysis<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 7 February 2019, at 21:53.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 4,827 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","bd525fe0be482e55933100b5e76d017b_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Example_Cost_Analysis skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Example Cost Analysis<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\">\n\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Putting_it_into_numbers\">Putting it into numbers<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cost_analysis_800.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"35b71c296dd9e2870987baf2602e6129\"><img alt=\"Cost analysis 800.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/56\/Cost_analysis_800.jpg\/340px-Cost_analysis_800.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"190\" \/><\/a><\/div>Having considered and reviewed:\n<ul><li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Evaluating_and_Implementing_a_LIMS_for_Cannabis_Testing\" title=\"Evaluating and Implementing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"6b62e0ae063c3bd9935a94049e6bc5e4\">Evaluating and Implementing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\" title=\"Features and Functions in a Cannabis Testing LIMS\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"a2a508eb60441301080420183776f6ab\">Features and Functions in a Cannabis Testing LIMS<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Ongoing_Maintenance,_Support_and_Warranty\" title=\"Ongoing Maintenance, Support and Warranty\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"fb45bd3e823dd7bd440d0126d5aef573\">Ongoing Maintenance, Support and Warranty<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">Example LIMS for Cannabis Testing<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<p>...it can be helpful to take a look at a real-world example of a quote for a more or less \"typical\" cannabis testing LIMS. The items identified in these chapters are listed as line items in the sales agreement and constitute the statement of work (SOW). It is important to include exactly what is expected, being as specific as possible, since this will be the entire contractual obligation for both parties. Obviously, the line items may differ from system to system somewhat, according to what features and functions are included by default with the LIMS and which, if any, are additional. While the contract SOW is always ultimately an estimate, if the steps as described in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Evaluating_and_Implementing_a_LIMS_for_Cannabis_Testing\" title=\"Evaluating and Implementing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"6b62e0ae063c3bd9935a94049e6bc5e4\">Evaluating and Implementing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing<\/a> were followed, then it should be quite accurate, and in fact the final cost may even be below the quoted cost if you prioritize your own obligations so that the vendor's hours are used sparingly and efficiently. Below is an example of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">cannabis testing laboratory LIMS<\/a> SOW for California (from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a>):\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Calif_Canna_Quote_Example.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"63870cdf45ed5ae5959f315da3e81152\"><img alt=\"Calif Canna Quote Example.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c4\/Calif_Canna_Quote_Example.png\/600px-Calif_Canna_Quote_Example.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div>\n<p>The costs can be a mixture of subscriptions (annual and\/or monthly), fixed one-time costs (unit of \"Each\") and\/or hourly services. However, the reality is that they really are either license\/subscription or services. Any fixed costs for other items are really for services, and represent one of two possible scenarios:\n<\/p><p>1. Final fixed cost: In this case, the cost has been figured by the vendor so as to cover their worst-case hourly labor total. If the item (typically interfaces) is not \"worst case,\" then you are overpaying.\n<\/p><p>2. \"Expandable\" fixed cost: This is as bad as final fixed cost, and maybe even worse because it's almost a case of \"bait-and-switch,\" popping up as a surprise. The initial \"fixed cost\" number is low, and additional hourly services are needed to actually deliver the item. This will have been provided for somewhere in the small print. The bottom line is that everything in a LIMS is really either licensing or hourly services. Just be careful if they are portrayed as anything else.\n<\/p><p>It is important to be clear which category each line item falls under when figuring costs, which can be divided into (1) up-front (due upon signing), (2) annual and (3) ongoing (e.g., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Informatics_Platform#Cloud_Apps\" title=\"Informatics Platform\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e9eccf4eb3d3879e29cc7a4c0d42847f\">SaaS<\/a> subscription). It is useful to clearly lay out each and compute initial costs, as well as first year and subsequent years' costings. In this example:\n<\/p><p>1. Initial: Your initial layout may be as little as your first month's subscription plus the first 40 hours of services; in this example we see $500 + $6600 = $7,100. Different vendors have different policies, however, and you may be required to pay for your first full year's subscription and no services, or some other combination. Normally, though, any instrument interface or other services charges aren't due until the they are implemented, which may be a few weeks or even a month or so down the road, depending on your budget, complexity of the SOW, and urgency.\n<\/p><p>2. First year: Your first year's expenses will include everything, including initial license fees, all setup and training, any interfaces and additional configurations or customization, and first annual maintenance, service, and warranty (MSW). (If this isn't included in the SaaS subscription, then it usually commences on full system delivery).\n<\/p><p>3. Ongoing: Your subscription and MSW will be the only ongoing expenses (included as one in this example), unless you choose to have additional interfaces or other services performed at any time.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Subscription.2FLicense\">Subscription\/License<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Canna_Lab_with_Jars.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"e98429147d814a7952603ee4dc5c8637\"><img alt=\"Canna Lab with Jars.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5e\/Canna_Lab_with_Jars.jpg\/300px-Canna_Lab_with_Jars.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><\/div>There are two primary ways to price a LIMS itself: one-time license fee or subscription (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Informatics_Platform#Cloud_Apps_.28SaaS.29\" title=\"Informatics Platform\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"d6d9cd3b38e28cce423cc5df7bd916cf\">cloud-hosted software-as-a-service or SaaS<\/a> ). If you have your own dedicated IT department and staff, you may prefer the former (although many system administrators are just as happy to let it be hosted elsewhere rather than add to their workload). Otherwise, SaaS subscription may well be the better and more cost-effective way to go (no IT costs at all other than internet access). This item will be part of your up-front cost and, in the case of subscription, it will also figure in your first year and ongoing costs (otherwise only associated MSW will figure there). The example here shows a monthly subscription fee of $500, with the initial month due at signing. More often, the vendor may require three months or even the first year up front, so be prepared to factor that into up-front costs. However, it still is almost always less expensive at the outset (and over time if you factor in IT costs and annual MSW) than paying for a license fee.\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"A_note_about_licensing.2Fsubscription:_Number_of_users\">A note about licensing\/subscription: Number of users<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>In addition to the two types of software pricing, there are sub-types. Generally these are based on the number of users (or, in some cases, \"nodes,\" which are simply any entities that access the LIMS, including other systems, instruments, etc.). How these are counted can vary:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Named users: This method bases pricing on the actual individual users of the system, even if they may only log in once in awhile. Users may NOT use each other's logins (this is a no-no regardless of pricing structure, for GxP and other standards\/regulations reasons).<\/li>\n<li> Concurrent users: This bases pricing on the maximum number of users who will be logged in at any given time. You can define an unlimited number of named users in the system, each with their own login credentials. However, only the number of (concurrent) users specified in the license\/subscription may be logged in at any one time. For example, you may have ten staff, but due to work processes, shifts, etc., only up to six might ever be logged in simultaneously. Whereas this would require a <i>named user<\/i> license for 10, it would only require a <i>concurrent user<\/i> license for six.<\/li>\n<li> Unlimited users: In the case of very large labs (typically 30 to 50 and up), the license or subscription may simply be a flat fee that allows any number of users.<\/li><\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Services\">Services<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Consulting_Services.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"dc8ee550653865ce96f898d9550db1e7\"><img alt=\"Consulting Services.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/45\/Consulting_Services.jpg\/320px-Consulting_Services.jpg\" width=\"320\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/div>The second major component of pricing your LIMS is services. No matter how pre-configured for cannabis testing, any professional LIMS will require some amount of standard setup to reflect your particular lab, e.g., lab name and contact details for reports\/COA, entering users and their roles\/access permissions, adding and\/or modifying tests and processes\/workflows, renaming some fields, adding\/hiding fields, setting up a web portal, interfaces, etc. Equally indispensable is proper training for both users and administrator(s). And you may find at any time that you would like additional features or functions. The services here are listed in hourly units (again, be very careful if any items that are services-based are listed as fixed-price items).\n<p>Services can include:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Kickoff meeting: initial planning, identify delta, set schedule, etc.<\/li>\n<li> Project management<\/li>\n<li> Setup<\/li>\n<li> Training (user and admin)<\/li>\n<li> Additional configurations and\/or customization\n<ul><li> Interfaces<\/li>\n<li> Custom screens<\/li>\n<li> Custom reports and labels<\/li>\n<li> Additional triggers, alerts, etc.<\/li>\n<li> Additional or custom functionality<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> Validation\/Acceptance testing: either to a third-party standard (certification) or to manufacturer claims\/specs\/contract<\/li><\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"MSW\">MSW<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The third and final component of your LIMS costs is the ongoing coverage for maintenance, support and warranty (MSW). There are of course three items rolled up into this, and we'll discuss each individually. Cost-wise, industry norms are anywhere from 15%-25% of either the license fee or total contract, levied annually to provide this coverage. Alternatively, it may be simply included with your subscription. It will include a specified number of support hours and maintenance hours or guarantees. Warranty should be unlimited for as long as the MSW or subscription is kept current. \n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Maintenance: This is any and all work necessary to keep your LIMS working as designed. It includes any updates, patches or fixes, and most if not all upgrades (a major shift to a totally new edition may not be covered, but it may come at a significantly lower cost).<\/li>\n<li> Support: Support services generally consist of a specified number of hours and are for helping you in the operation of the system, rather than \"fixing\" anything. They include things like guidance on items related to training, password\/login support, etc.<\/li>\n<li> Warranty: With any professional application you expect to have a warranty.<\/li><\/ul>\nA warranty covers:<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Canna_Lab_12.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"154f8f6849ba223586453fddaed8063e\"><img alt=\"Canna Lab 12.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/6b\/Canna_Lab_12.jpg\/280px-Canna_Lab_12.jpg\" width=\"280\" height=\"146\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<ul><li> Anything that doesn't work that should, unless YOU broke it. That includes any standard features and functions, as well as any additional ones that were delivered and signed off on, and any other work performed by the vendor or its representatives.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>A warranty does not cover:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Anything that was working fine, you messed with it (beyond normal operation) and broke it. In these cases you'll probably have to pony up to get it fixed.<\/li><\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Total_costs\">Total costs<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>As shown in the example, your total LIMS costs are tallied according to the licenses or subscriptions and hourly services, plus any additional MSW. Two ways to help maximize affordability and success are (1) as stated before, make sure you plan as thoroughly as possible and set aside sufficient funding for the lab operation you envision, and (2) plan out your implementation, perhaps staggering some of the major non-central items to be phased in over time in favor of getting operational with your LIMS as early as possible.\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.016 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.028 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 27\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 46\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 31\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 2\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Example_Cost_Analysis\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Example_Cost_Analysis<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","bd525fe0be482e55933100b5e76d017b_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/56\/Cost_analysis_800.jpg\/680px-Cost_analysis_800.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/c\/c4\/Calif_Canna_Quote_Example.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5e\/Canna_Lab_with_Jars.jpg\/600px-Canna_Lab_with_Jars.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/4\/45\/Consulting_Services.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/6\/6b\/Canna_Lab_12.jpg"],"bd525fe0be482e55933100b5e76d017b_timestamp":1610467627,"fb45bd3e823dd7bd440d0126d5aef573_type":"article","fb45bd3e823dd7bd440d0126d5aef573_title":"Ongoing Maintenance, Support and Warranty","fb45bd3e823dd7bd440d0126d5aef573_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Ongoing_Maintenance,_Support_and_Warranty","fb45bd3e823dd7bd440d0126d5aef573_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tOngoing Maintenance, Support and Warranty \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tThe maintenance, support and warranty (MSW) offered with the LIMS you choose is almost as important as the LIMS itself. A LIMS is more than the software you buy and operate. It's mission-critical, so having a reliable and responsive team and resources available 24\/7 is hugely important in remaining operational and competitive. Downtime can negatively affect not only immediate customer satisfaction, but your reputation. And professional reputations take a long time and hard work to build, though they can be destroyed swiftly and easily.\nSo, when budgeting for a LIMS, be sure to ask about the company's MSW coverage, discovering what it includes exactly, what it doesn't, and the cost. For purchased LIMS, this is usually a percentage of the license fee, typically 15-20% annually. It should include some support hours (check how many) so your users can contact the company and get help when they encounter problems, as they are still learning the details and becoming comfortable with the system (that's called support). It should include updates and upgrades (maintenance), and unlimited free fixes of any bugs (warranty).\nIf the LIMS is a cloud-hosted software as a service (SaaS) system, then these are typically rolled in with the annual or monthly subscription (and are typically less costly anyway, since it's easier for the vendor to access and work with the system). Even purchased, perpetual license LIMS may offer cloud-hosting - and may be at a lower rate than if you host yourself (for the same reason). And you have the added bonus of not needing your own servers and IT personnel.\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Ongoing_Maintenance,_Support_and_Warranty\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Ongoing_Maintenance,_Support_and_Warranty<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 7 February 2019, at 18:58.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 2,517 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","fb45bd3e823dd7bd440d0126d5aef573_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Ongoing_Maintenance_Support_and_Warranty skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ongoing Maintenance, Support and Warranty<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:MSW.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"74a2a77d3d3f4276a09de005745dc2b8\"><img alt=\"MSW.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/23\/MSW.png\/200px-MSW.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"210\" \/><\/a><\/div>The maintenance, support and warranty (MSW) offered with the LIMS you choose is almost as important as the LIMS itself. A LIMS is more than the software you buy and operate. It's mission-critical, so having a reliable and responsive team and resources available 24\/7 is hugely important in remaining operational and competitive. Downtime can negatively affect not only immediate customer satisfaction, but your reputation. And professional reputations take a long time and hard work to build, though they can be destroyed swiftly and easily.\n<p>So, when budgeting for a LIMS, be sure to ask about the company's MSW coverage, discovering what it includes exactly, what it doesn't, and the cost. For purchased LIMS, this is usually a percentage of the license fee, typically 15-20% annually. It should include some support hours (check how many) so your users can contact the company and get help when they encounter problems, as they are still learning the details and becoming comfortable with the system (that's called support). It should include updates and upgrades (maintenance), and unlimited free fixes of any bugs (warranty).\n<\/p><p>If the LIMS is a cloud-hosted software as a service (SaaS) system, then these are typically rolled in with the annual or monthly subscription (and are typically less costly anyway, since it's easier for the vendor to access and work with the system). Even purchased, perpetual license LIMS may offer cloud-hosting - and may be at a lower rate than if you host yourself (for the same reason). And you have the added bonus of not needing your own servers and IT personnel.\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.004 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.009 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 8\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 1\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Ongoing_Maintenance,_Support_and_Warranty\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Ongoing_Maintenance,_Support_and_Warranty<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","fb45bd3e823dd7bd440d0126d5aef573_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/2\/23\/MSW.png"],"fb45bd3e823dd7bd440d0126d5aef573_timestamp":1610467626,"5f29395cb1826bc3a0849c912cd0af08_type":"article","5f29395cb1826bc3a0849c912cd0af08_title":"External Integrations and Your LIMS","5f29395cb1826bc3a0849c912cd0af08_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS","5f29395cb1826bc3a0849c912cd0af08_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tExternal Integrations and Your LIMS \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tContents\n\n1 Common software integrations \n\n1.1 Track-and-trace \n1.2 Enterprise resource planning \n\n\n2 The data of these integrations \n\n2.1 Track and trace data \n2.2 Other systems data \n\n\n3 References \n\n\n\nCommon software integrations \nIncreasingly, data management solutions for laboratories such as laboratory information management systems (LIMS) and chromatography data systems (CDS) offer integration options with other external software tools. They have traditionally been able to interface with instruments and some third-part software solutions; however, track-and-trace requirements by state governments and desires for greater efficiency by laboratory managers necessitate integration with other software platforms. \n\nTrack-and-trace \nOccasionally called \"seed-to-sale,\" track-and-trace software allows end-to-end tracking and tracing of cannabis-containing products through the entire chain of production to sale. Some U.S. states have mandated that a specific track-and-trace platform must be used throughout the enterprise chain, including in laboratories. For example, California requires the use of a state-specific version of Metrc for scanning in batch and sample reception, and the creation of unique identifiers (UIDs) for any newly created samples in the laboratory, among other things.[1][2][3]\nBelow are representative examples of the most commonly used track-and-trace software systems that cannabis testing laboratories may need to integrate with:\n\n BioTrackTHC: As both a track-and-trace system and an enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution, BioTrackTHC streamlines data management and workflows from cultivation and processing to laboratory testing and dispensation. Compliance features include customized reporting to meet government-specific needs, tracking of destruction and waste activities, transport manifests, recall tracking, regulation labels, workflow management, and more. The software has also been adopted by state governments such as Illinois, Hawaii, New Mexico, and New York.[4]\n Leaf Data Systems: Similar to BioTrackTHC, Leaf Data Systems is used by both industry operators and government agencies trying to regulate the cannabis industry. The system can manage data at all points along the cannabis lifecycle, from cultivation and processing to distribution, testing, and sale. Leaf can handle customized reporting depending on state or municipality, as well as customizable alerting to ensure enforcement activities are effective. The software has been adopted by the governments of Pennsylvania and Washington.[5]\n Metrc: Developed by Franwell, Metrc represents another major solution used by not only businesses in the cannabis supply chain but also state and local governments. Special features include trend analysis, employee activity tracking, credentialing, and process metrics. States using it include California, Colorado, Massachusetts, Montana, and the District of Colombia, among others.[6]\n SICPATRACE: Perhaps less known in the U.S., the Swiss company SICPA has been involved in security inks and financial security for many decades.[7] It introduced its SICPATRACE software in 2007 for governments to better \"fight counterfeiting, illicit trade and tax evasion.\"[7] It has since been adopted for regulatory activities involving tobacco, alcohol, and now cannabis. Among its technological features is the use of multi-layer label security that incorporates multiple ways to track and trace products, batches, and samples. In the U.S., SICPATRACE has been adopted by several California counties.[8]\nAlso of note is the somewhat new concept of \"tag-and-trace,\" the molecular application of DNA markers in a plant to allow for forensic tracking across the supply chain. Products like ETCH Biotrace may eventually also be part of the integrated chain of software for cannabis testing laboratories.[9]\n\nEnterprise resource planning \nAnother software system that may be used internally to manage laboratory operations is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. This type of enterprise software has been used in many industries to help collect, store, manage, and interpret a wide variety of data associated with the management and operations of a business. This may include financial, budgeting, human resources, manufacturing, order management, supply chain management, project management, and customer management activities. The cannabis testing laboratory is no exception with managing these sorts of duties, and while the more competitive LIMS today include many of these capabilities, some vendors have also developed ERP solutions tailored to the cannabis manufacturing and testing industries.\nAn example of ERP software systems for cannabis testing laboratories is the MJ Platform. Produced by the same company that develops Lead Data Systems, MJ Platform is described as a \"cannabis business software solution\" that handles both business management and seed-to-sale activities. The configurable, multilingual software provides an executive view of all operations, allowing for potentially improved decision making. Yields, analytics, and expense management are also able to be managed, among other things.\n\nThe data of these integrations \nTrack and trace data \nWhy worry about having a LIMS that integrates with any of the above solutions? Sure, companies such as LabLynx, Inc.[10] make their LIMS able to integrate with track-and-trace software, but why is this important?\nFirst, some states like California[1] mandate the use of a track-and-trace system, and cannabis laboratories are no exception. Rather than pull up a certificate of analysis in the LIMS and manually transfer the data to the track-and-trace system, an integration between the two systems means the test results can automatically be uploaded from the LIMS to the other system. This inevitably saves on time and transcription errors.[11] Moreover, T&T systems collect much more than COAs\/results. The continuing illegality of substances federally in the U.S. means states are obligated to keep close tabs on the whereabouts of cannabis and ensure none makes its way across state lines. This means every milligram of each sample, from seed to packaged product, is tracked and reported. Data collected in California, quite apart from COA report (discussed elsewhere in this book) include[12]:\n\n(1) Name and type of the cannabis goods.\n(2) Unique identifier of the cannabis goods.\n(3) Amount of the cannabis goods, by weight or count, and total wholesale cost of the cannabis goods, as applicable.\n(4) Date and time of the activity or transaction.\n(5) Name and license number of other licensees involved in the activity or transaction.\n(6) If the cannabis goods are being transported:\n(A) The licensee shall transport pursuant to a shipping manifest generated through the track and trace system, that includes items (1) through (5) of this subsection, as well as:\n(i) The name, license number, and licensed premises address of the originating licensee.\n(ii) The name, license number, and licensed premises address of the licensee transporting the cannabis goods.\n(iii) The name, license number, and licensed premises address of the destination licensee receiving the cannabis goods into inventory or storage.\n(iv) The date and time of departure from the licensed premises and approximate date and time of departure from each subsequent licensed premises, if any.\n(v) Arrival date and estimated time of arrival at each licensed premises.\n(vi) Driver license number of the personnel transporting the cannabis goods, and the make, model, and license plate number of the vehicle used for transport.<\/dd>\n(B) Upon pick-up or receipt of cannabis goods for transport, storage, or inventory, a licensee shall ensure that the cannabis goods received are as described in the shipping manifest, and shall record acceptance or receipt, and acknowledgment of the cannabis goods in the track and trace system.\n(C) If there are any discrepancies between the type or quantity of cannabis goods specified in the shipping manifest and the type or quantity received by the licensee, the licensee shall record and document the discrepancy in the track and trace system and in any relevant business record.<\/dd>\n(7) If cannabis goods are being destroyed or disposed of, the licensee shall record in the track and trace system the following additional information:\n(A) The name of the employee performing the destruction or disposal.\n(B) The reason for destruction and disposal.\n(C) The entity disposing of the cannabis waste.<\/dd>\n(8) Description for any adjustments made in the track and trace system, including, but not limited to:\n(A) Spoilage or fouling of the cannabis goods.\n(B) Any event resulting in damage, exposure, or compromise of the cannabis goods.<\/dd>\n(9) Any other information as required pursuant to this division, or by any other applicable licensing authorities.\n(c) Unless otherwise specified, all transactions must be entered into the track and trace system within 24 hours of occurrence.\n(d) Licensees shall only enter and record complete and accurate information into the track and trace system, and shall correct any known errors entered into the track and trace system immediately upon discovery.<\/dd>\nOther systems data \nThe data exchanged with other systems tend to be less mandated and regulated, and more geared toward business needs and\/or automating testing or other lab processes. These types of interfaces pull and push data like product information\/images and COA, as well as CRM information, inventory, manufacturer\/grower IDs and the like, depending on the purpose of the external software (marketing, customer-facing sales\/ordering, internal management, etc.).\n\nReferences \n\n\n\u2191 1.0 1.1 Denholm, S. (30 January 2018). \"Metrc: Introduction to California Cannabis Track-and-Trace System\" (PDF). California Department of Food & Agriculture. https:\/\/static.cdfa.ca.gov\/MCCP\/document\/Introduction%20to%20CCTT%20System%20v1.2_1.30.18.pdf . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Frequently Asked Questions: California Track-and-Trace System\" (PDF). California Department of Food & Agriculture. 15 August 2018. https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/FAQ_CCTT_8.15.18.pdf . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"California Cannabis Track-and-Trace System\" (PDF). California Department of Food & Agriculture. September 2018. https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/Track-and-Trace-5-Step-Sheet-Compliant.pdf . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Nelson, S. (30 May 2017). \"A Seed-to-Sale Shakeup\". Cannabis Business Times. https:\/\/www.cannabisbusinesstimes.com\/article\/a-seed-to-sale-shakeup\/ . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Wood, S. (20 September 2018). \"MJ Freeway raises $10M to improve marijuana tracking software, expand operations\". The Inquirer. Philadelphia Media Network (Digital), LLC. https:\/\/www.inquirer.com\/philly\/business\/cannabis\/mjfreeway-series-c-leaf-data-systems-medical-marijuana-cannabis-legalization-batu-cresco-20180920.html . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 McVey, E. (10 September 2018). \"Chart: Dominant player emerging for state cannabis seed-to-sale tracking contracts\". Marijuana Business Daily. https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/chart-dominant-player-emerging-for-state-cannabis-seed-to-sale-tracking-contracts\/ . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 7.0 7.1 \"SICPA History\". SICPA Holding SA. https:\/\/www.sicpa.com\/sicpa-history . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"California: CalOrigin Cannabis Solution Certified\". SICPA Holding SA. 02 May 2018. https:\/\/www.sicpa.com\/news\/sicpa-announces-calorigin-cannabis-solution-certified-integrate-california-state-system . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Eagle, J. (26 October 2018). \"'Riding on a high': TheraCann expected to grow sales of ETCH Biotrace thanks to growing demand for legalised cannabis\". FoodNavigator.com. https:\/\/www.foodnavigator.com\/Article\/2018\/10\/26\/TheraCann-expected-to-grow-sales-of-ETCH-Biotrace-thanks-to-growing-demand-for-legalised-cannabis . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\". LabLynxPress. https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Wong, S.; Wood, S. (11 January 2019). \"Cannabis Testing, LIMS, and Regulations\". Labcompare. https:\/\/www.labcompare.com\/10-Featured-Articles\/355198-Cannabis-Testing-LIMS-and-Regulations\/ . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"California Code of Regulations Title 16 \u00a7 5049. Track and Trace Reporting\". Thomson Reuters Westlaw. https:\/\/govt.westlaw.com\/calregs\/Document\/I56BC8A5AB4EC4415BBE56B157A064F91?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default) . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\n\r\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 8 January 2021, at 22:06.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 1,622 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","5f29395cb1826bc3a0849c912cd0af08_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">External Integrations and Your LIMS<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\">\n\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Common_software_integrations\">Common software integrations<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Increasingly, data management solutions for laboratories such as laboratory information management systems (LIMS) and chromatography data systems (CDS) offer integration options with other external software tools. They have traditionally been able to interface with instruments and some third-part software solutions; however, track-and-trace requirements by state governments and desires for greater efficiency by laboratory managers necessitate integration with other software platforms. \n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Track-and-trace\">Track-and-trace<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Track_and_Trace_3.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"fa1615ac7588c7dc7705eb9ee28eb19b\"><img alt=\"Track and Trace 3.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/68\/Track_and_Trace_3.jpg\/400px-Track_and_Trace_3.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>Occasionally called \"seed-to-sale,\" track-and-trace software allows end-to-end tracking and tracing of cannabis-containing products through the entire chain of production to sale. Some U.S. states have mandated that a specific track-and-trace platform must be used throughout the enterprise chain, including in laboratories. For example, California requires the use of a state-specific version of Metrc for scanning in batch and sample reception, and the creation of unique identifiers (UIDs) for any newly created samples in the laboratory, among other things.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DenholmMetrc18_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DenholmMetrc18-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CDFA_FAQ18_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CDFA_FAQ18-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CDFA_5Step18_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CDFA_5Step18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<p>Below are representative examples of the most commonly used track-and-trace software systems that cannabis testing laboratories may need to integrate with:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <b><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biotrack.com\/cannabis-software\/\">BioTrackTHC<\/a><\/b>: As both a track-and-trace system and an enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution, BioTrackTHC streamlines data management and workflows from cultivation and processing to laboratory testing and dispensation. Compliance features include customized reporting to meet government-specific needs, tracking of destruction and waste activities, transport manifests, recall tracking, regulation labels, workflow management, and more. The software has also been adopted by state governments such as Illinois, Hawaii, New Mexico, and New York.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-NelsonASeed17_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NelsonASeed17-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/leafdatasystems.com\/\">Leaf Data Systems<\/a><\/b>: Similar to BioTrackTHC, Leaf Data Systems is used by both industry operators and government agencies trying to regulate the cannabis industry. The system can manage data at all points along the cannabis lifecycle, from cultivation and processing to distribution, testing, and sale. Leaf can handle customized reporting depending on state or municipality, as well as customizable alerting to ensure enforcement activities are effective. The software has been adopted by the governments of Pennsylvania and Washington.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WoodMJFree18_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WoodMJFree18-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.metrc.com\/\">Metrc<\/a><\/b>: Developed by Franwell, Metrc represents another major solution used by not only businesses in the cannabis supply chain but also state and local governments. Special features include trend analysis, employee activity tracking, credentialing, and process metrics. States using it include California, Colorado, Massachusetts, Montana, and the District of Colombia, among others.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-McVeyChart18_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-McVeyChart18-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/us.sicpa.com\/en\/cannabiscontrol\">SICPATRACE<\/a><\/b>: Perhaps less known in the U.S., the Swiss company SICPA has been involved in security inks and financial security for many decades.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SICPAHist_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SICPAHist-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> It introduced its SICPATRACE software in 2007 for governments to better \"fight counterfeiting, illicit trade and tax evasion.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SICPAHist_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SICPAHist-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> It has since been adopted for regulatory activities involving tobacco, alcohol, and now cannabis. Among its technological features is the use of multi-layer label security that incorporates multiple ways to track and trace products, batches, and samples. In the U.S., SICPATRACE has been adopted by several California counties.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SICPACalif18_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SICPACalif18-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Also of note is the somewhat new concept of \"tag-and-trace,\" the molecular application of DNA markers in a plant to allow for forensic tracking across the supply chain. Products like ETCH Biotrace may eventually also be part of the integrated chain of software for cannabis testing laboratories.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-EagleRiding18_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-EagleRiding18-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Enterprise_resource_planning\">Enterprise resource planning<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Another software system that may be used internally to manage laboratory operations is an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. This type of enterprise software has been used in many industries to help collect, store, manage, and interpret a wide variety of data associated with the management and operations of a business. This may include financial, budgeting, human resources, manufacturing, order management, supply chain management, project management, and customer management activities. The cannabis testing laboratory is no exception with managing these sorts of duties, and while the more competitive LIMS today include many of these capabilities, some vendors have also developed ERP solutions tailored to the cannabis manufacturing and testing industries.\n<\/p><p>An example of ERP software systems for cannabis testing laboratories is the <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mjplatform.com\/cannabis-seed-to-sale-software\/\">MJ Platform<\/a>. Produced by the same company that develops Lead Data Systems, MJ Platform is described as a \"cannabis business software solution\" that handles both business management and seed-to-sale activities. The configurable, multilingual software provides an executive view of all operations, allowing for potentially improved decision making. Yields, analytics, and expense management are also able to be managed, among other things.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"The_data_of_these_integrations\">The data of these integrations<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Track_and_trace_data\">Track and trace data<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Why worry about having a LIMS that integrates with any of the above solutions? Sure, companies such as LabLynx, Inc.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CannaQA_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CannaQA-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> make their LIMS able to integrate with track-and-trace software, but why is this important?\n<\/p><p>First, some states like California<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DenholmMetrc18_1-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DenholmMetrc18-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> mandate the use of a track-and-trace system, and cannabis laboratories are no exception. Rather than pull up a certificate of analysis in the LIMS and manually transfer the data to the track-and-trace system, an integration between the two systems means the test results can automatically be uploaded from the LIMS to the other system. This inevitably saves on time and transcription errors.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WongCanna19_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WongCanna19-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> Moreover, T&T systems collect much more than COAs\/results. The continuing illegality of substances federally in the U.S. means states are obligated to keep close tabs on the whereabouts of cannabis and ensure none makes its way across state lines. This means every milligram of each sample, from seed to packaged product, is tracked and reported. Data collected in California, quite apart from COA report (discussed elsewhere in this book) include<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CCR_Title_16_T-n-T_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CCR_Title_16_T-n-T-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<dl><dd>(1) Name and type of the cannabis goods.<\/dd>\n<dd>(2) Unique identifier of the cannabis goods.<\/dd>\n<dd>(3) Amount of the cannabis goods, by weight or count, and total wholesale cost of the cannabis goods, as applicable.<\/dd>\n<dd>(4) Date and time of the activity or transaction.<\/dd>\n<dd>(5) Name and license number of other licensees involved in the activity or transaction.<\/dd>\n<dd>(6) If the cannabis goods are being transported:\n<dl><dd>(A) The licensee shall transport pursuant to a shipping manifest generated through the track and trace system, that includes items (1) through (5) of this subsection, as well as:\n<dl><dd>(i) The name, license number, and licensed premises address of the originating licensee.<\/dd>\n<dd>(ii) The name, license number, and licensed premises address of the licensee transporting the cannabis goods.<\/dd>\n<dd>(iii) The name, license number, and licensed premises address of the destination licensee receiving the cannabis goods into inventory or storage.<\/dd>\n<dd>(iv) The date and time of departure from the licensed premises and approximate date and time of departure from each subsequent licensed premises, if any.<\/dd>\n<dd>(v) Arrival date and estimated time of arrival at each licensed premises.<\/dd>\n<dd>(vi) Driver license number of the personnel transporting the cannabis goods, and the make, model, and license plate number of the vehicle used for transport.<\/dd><\/dl><\/dd>\n<dd>(B) Upon pick-up or receipt of cannabis goods for transport, storage, or inventory, a licensee shall ensure that the cannabis goods received are as described in the shipping manifest, and shall record acceptance or receipt, and acknowledgment of the cannabis goods in the track and trace system.<\/dd>\n<dd>(C) If there are any discrepancies between the type or quantity of cannabis goods specified in the shipping manifest and the type or quantity received by the licensee, the licensee shall record and document the discrepancy in the track and trace system and in any relevant business record.<\/dd><\/dl><\/dd>\n<dd>(7) If cannabis goods are being destroyed or disposed of, the licensee shall record in the track and trace system the following additional information:\n<dl><dd>(A) The name of the employee performing the destruction or disposal.<\/dd>\n<dd>(B) The reason for destruction and disposal.<\/dd>\n<dd>(C) The entity disposing of the cannabis waste.<\/dd><\/dl><\/dd>\n<dd>(8) Description for any adjustments made in the track and trace system, including, but not limited to:\n<dl><dd>(A) Spoilage or fouling of the cannabis goods.<\/dd>\n<dd>(B) Any event resulting in damage, exposure, or compromise of the cannabis goods.<\/dd><\/dl><\/dd>\n<dd>(9) Any other information as required pursuant to this division, or by any other applicable licensing authorities.\n<dl><dd>(c) Unless otherwise specified, all transactions must be entered into the track and trace system within 24 hours of occurrence.<\/dd>\n<dd>(d) Licensees shall only enter and record complete and accurate information into the track and trace system, and shall correct any known errors entered into the track and trace system immediately upon discovery.<\/dd><\/dl><\/dd><\/dl>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Other_systems_data\">Other systems data<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The data exchanged with other systems tend to be less mandated and regulated, and more geared toward business needs and\/or automating testing or other lab processes. These types of interfaces pull and push data like product information\/images and COA, as well as CRM information, inventory, manufacturer\/grower IDs and the like, depending on the purpose of the external software (marketing, customer-facing sales\/ordering, internal management, etc.).\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-DenholmMetrc18-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-DenholmMetrc18_1-0\">1.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-DenholmMetrc18_1-1\">1.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Denholm, S. (30 January 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/static.cdfa.ca.gov\/MCCP\/document\/Introduction%20to%20CCTT%20System%20v1.2_1.30.18.pdf\">\"Metrc: Introduction to California Cannabis Track-and-Trace System\"<\/a> (PDF). California Department of Food & Agriculture<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/static.cdfa.ca.gov\/MCCP\/document\/Introduction%20to%20CCTT%20System%20v1.2_1.30.18.pdf\">https:\/\/static.cdfa.ca.gov\/MCCP\/document\/Introduction%20to%20CCTT%20System%20v1.2_1.30.18.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Metrc%3A+Introduction+to+California+Cannabis+Track-and-Trace+System&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Denholm%2C+S.&rft.au=Denholm%2C+S.&rft.date=30+January+2018&rft.pub=California+Department+of+Food+%26+Agriculture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.cdfa.ca.gov%2FMCCP%2Fdocument%2FIntroduction%2520to%2520CCTT%2520System%2520v1.2_1.30.18.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CDFA_FAQ18-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CDFA_FAQ18_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/FAQ_CCTT_8.15.18.pdf\">\"Frequently Asked Questions: California Track-and-Trace System\"<\/a> (PDF). California Department of Food & Agriculture. 15 August 2018<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/FAQ_CCTT_8.15.18.pdf\">https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/FAQ_CCTT_8.15.18.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions%3A+California+Track-and-Trace+System&rft.atitle=&rft.date=15+August+2018&rft.pub=California+Department+of+Food+%26+Agriculture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcannabis.ca.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F13%2F2018%2F09%2FFAQ_CCTT_8.15.18.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CDFA_5Step18-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CDFA_5Step18_3-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/Track-and-Trace-5-Step-Sheet-Compliant.pdf\">\"California Cannabis Track-and-Trace System\"<\/a> (PDF). California Department of Food & Agriculture. September 2018<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/Track-and-Trace-5-Step-Sheet-Compliant.pdf\">https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/13\/2018\/09\/Track-and-Trace-5-Step-Sheet-Compliant.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=California+Cannabis+Track-and-Trace+System&rft.atitle=&rft.date=September+2018&rft.pub=California+Department+of+Food+%26+Agriculture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcannabis.ca.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F13%2F2018%2F09%2FTrack-and-Trace-5-Step-Sheet-Compliant.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-NelsonASeed17-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-NelsonASeed17_4-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Nelson, S. (30 May 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisbusinesstimes.com\/article\/a-seed-to-sale-shakeup\/\">\"A Seed-to-Sale Shakeup\"<\/a>. <i>Cannabis Business Times<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisbusinesstimes.com\/article\/a-seed-to-sale-shakeup\/\">https:\/\/www.cannabisbusinesstimes.com\/article\/a-seed-to-sale-shakeup\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(20 September 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inquirer.com\/philly\/business\/cannabis\/mjfreeway-series-c-leaf-data-systems-medical-marijuana-cannabis-legalization-batu-cresco-20180920.html\">\"MJ Freeway raises $10M to improve marijuana tracking software, expand operations\"<\/a>. <i>The Inquirer<\/i>. Philadelphia Media Network (Digital), LLC<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.inquirer.com\/philly\/business\/cannabis\/mjfreeway-series-c-leaf-data-systems-medical-marijuana-cannabis-legalization-batu-cresco-20180920.html\">https:\/\/www.inquirer.com\/philly\/business\/cannabis\/mjfreeway-series-c-leaf-data-systems-medical-marijuana-cannabis-legalization-batu-cresco-20180920.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(10 September 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/chart-dominant-player-emerging-for-state-cannabis-seed-to-sale-tracking-contracts\/\">\"Chart: Dominant player emerging for state cannabis seed-to-sale tracking contracts\"<\/a>. <i>Marijuana Business Daily<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/chart-dominant-player-emerging-for-state-cannabis-seed-to-sale-tracking-contracts\/\">https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/chart-dominant-player-emerging-for-state-cannabis-seed-to-sale-tracking-contracts\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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SICPA Holding SA<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sicpa.com\/sicpa-history\">https:\/\/www.sicpa.com\/sicpa-history<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=SICPA+History&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=SICPA+Holding+SA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sicpa.com%2Fsicpa-history&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SICPACalif18-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SICPACalif18_8-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sicpa.com\/news\/sicpa-announces-calorigin-cannabis-solution-certified-integrate-california-state-system\">\"California: CalOrigin Cannabis Solution Certified\"<\/a>. SICPA Holding SA. 02 May 2018<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sicpa.com\/news\/sicpa-announces-calorigin-cannabis-solution-certified-integrate-california-state-system\">https:\/\/www.sicpa.com\/news\/sicpa-announces-calorigin-cannabis-solution-certified-integrate-california-state-system<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=California%3A+CalOrigin+Cannabis+Solution+Certified&rft.atitle=&rft.date=02+May+2018&rft.pub=SICPA+Holding+SA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sicpa.com%2Fnews%2Fsicpa-announces-calorigin-cannabis-solution-certified-integrate-california-state-system&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-EagleRiding18-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-EagleRiding18_9-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Eagle, J. (26 October 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foodnavigator.com\/Article\/2018\/10\/26\/TheraCann-expected-to-grow-sales-of-ETCH-Biotrace-thanks-to-growing-demand-for-legalised-cannabis\">\"'Riding on a high': TheraCann expected to grow sales of ETCH Biotrace thanks to growing demand for legalised cannabis\"<\/a>. <i>FoodNavigator.com<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foodnavigator.com\/Article\/2018\/10\/26\/TheraCann-expected-to-grow-sales-of-ETCH-Biotrace-thanks-to-growing-demand-for-legalised-cannabis\">https:\/\/www.foodnavigator.com\/Article\/2018\/10\/26\/TheraCann-expected-to-grow-sales-of-ETCH-Biotrace-thanks-to-growing-demand-for-legalised-cannabis<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%27Riding+on+a+high%27%3A+TheraCann+expected+to+grow+sales+of+ETCH+Biotrace+thanks+to+growing+demand+for+legalised+cannabis&rft.atitle=FoodNavigator.com&rft.aulast=Eagle%2C+J.&rft.au=Eagle%2C+J.&rft.date=26+October+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foodnavigator.com%2FArticle%2F2018%2F10%2F26%2FTheraCann-expected-to-grow-sales-of-ETCH-Biotrace-thanks-to-growing-demand-for-legalised-cannabis&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CannaQA-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CannaQA_10-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\"<\/a>. LabLynxPress<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free wiki-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=LabLynx+LIMS+-+Cannabis&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=LabLynxPress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lablynxpress.com%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DLabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WongCanna19-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-WongCanna19_11-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Wong, S.; Wood, S. (11 January 2019). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.labcompare.com\/10-Featured-Articles\/355198-Cannabis-Testing-LIMS-and-Regulations\/\">\"Cannabis Testing, LIMS, and Regulations\"<\/a>. <i>Labcompare<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.labcompare.com\/10-Featured-Articles\/355198-Cannabis-Testing-LIMS-and-Regulations\/\">https:\/\/www.labcompare.com\/10-Featured-Articles\/355198-Cannabis-Testing-LIMS-and-Regulations\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Testing%2C+LIMS%2C+and+Regulations&rft.atitle=Labcompare&rft.aulast=Wong%2C+S.%3B+Wood%2C+S.&rft.au=Wong%2C+S.%3B+Wood%2C+S.&rft.date=11+January+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.labcompare.com%2F10-Featured-Articles%2F355198-Cannabis-Testing-LIMS-and-Regulations%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CCR_Title_16_T-n-T-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CCR_Title_16_T-n-T_12-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/govt.westlaw.com\/calregs\/Document\/I56BC8A5AB4EC4415BBE56B157A064F91?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)\">\"California Code of Regulations Title 16 \u00a7 5049. Track and Trace Reporting\"<\/a>. Thomson Reuters Westlaw<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/govt.westlaw.com\/calregs\/Document\/I56BC8A5AB4EC4415BBE56B157A064F91?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)\">https:\/\/govt.westlaw.com\/calregs\/Document\/I56BC8A5AB4EC4415BBE56B157A064F91?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=California+Code+of+Regulations+Title+16+%C2%A7+5049.+Track+and+Trace+Reporting&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Thomson+Reuters+Westlaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgovt.westlaw.com%2Fcalregs%2FDocument%2FI56BC8A5AB4EC4415BBE56B157A064F91%3FviewType%3DFullText%26originationContext%3Ddocumenttoc%26transitionType%3DCategoryPageItem%26contextData%3D%28sc.Default%29&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.183 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.213 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 7147\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 13432\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 54163\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 23414\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 12\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","5f29395cb1826bc3a0849c912cd0af08_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/6\/68\/Track_and_Trace_3.jpg\/800px-Track_and_Trace_3.jpg"],"5f29395cb1826bc3a0849c912cd0af08_timestamp":1610467626,"a2a508eb60441301080420183776f6ab_type":"article","a2a508eb60441301080420183776f6ab_title":"Features and Functions in a Cannabis Testing LIMS","a2a508eb60441301080420183776f6ab_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS","a2a508eb60441301080420183776f6ab_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tFeatures and Functions in a Cannabis Testing LIMS \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tContents\n\n1 Cannabis test types \n2 Regulatory compliance and adherence to standards \n3 Cannabis testing workflow management \n\n3.1 Sample submission \n3.2 Batching, reviews, flexibility and more \n3.3 Reporting \n\n\n4 Additional features \n5 Summary \n6 References \n\n\n\nCannabis test types \nFar and away the most important feature in a cannabis testing LIMS is that it supports the full range of testing required. That means results from the various instruments\u2014such as liquid and gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and polymerase chain reaction\u2014for a variety of methods must be supported, especially given the range of matrices involved: oils, topical lotions, varied edibles, inhalables etc. To clarify, here are the tests a cannabis lab need to be performing in order to be commercially viable, whether in the recreational or medicinal market, either now or later, regardless of state or country[1][2]:\n Potency\n Terpenes\n Strain (terpene\/cannabinoid ratios)\n Residual solvents\n Pesticides\n Heavy metals\n Water activity\n Moisture content\n Foreign materials\n Mold and microbiological contaminants\nRegulatory compliance and adherence to standards \nI little while ago, most states had no regulatory or standards requirements of labs, but those who chose to take advantage of that by offering fake certifications or poorly-executed and inaccurate results found that the negative consequences far outweighed the benefits of that strategy, and began to fall away quickly.[3][4][5][6][7][8] Since then, states have quickly realized the need to adopt quality requirements for labs, and where those are not yet adopted, most labs are making their own decisions to attain ISO\/IEC 17025, GLP\/GALP and similar certifications. These include new standards aimed at the cannabis industry, like ASA (Americans for Safe Access) and PFC (Patient Focused Accreditation) in order to (a) compete successfully and (b) anticipate future requirements. This obviously has impact on requirements for the LIMS software used to manage testing data. To be a maximum value proposition, it must support these types of standards and certifications, as well as be capable of helping you meet all regulations brought in by the state. That means that by design it needs to be secure and accurate, with control over user access, as well as being user-configurable so that it is flexible enough to support any new requirements that come along without having to pay for new coding\/development.\nFor more detailed information on regulations and standards in the cannabis industry, see Regulatory Compliance Considerations.\n\nCannabis testing workflow management \nThere are three main attributes a LIMS must contribute to laboratory process workflows:\n\n1. Automation\/streamlining: One of the chief advantages a LIMS brings to the lab workflow is the automatic updating of process step statuses, so that it is instantly apparent to authorized users or supervisory personnel how far along any sample or set of samples is at any given time. Similarly, it should prevent status changes until the previous status has been fully completed. Furthermore, it should enforce the assigned order in which each step or process must be performed for any given method, and any required restrictions on who should carry them out (alternating analysts, named analysts, etc.). Additionally, any QC samples, matrices, catalysts or other prep or analysis components can be mandated so that methods are followed correctly, QC\/QA requirements are met and all are automatically documented for easy recall during audits. Once all tests for a particular sample or order are complete, the report or certificate of analysis (COA) should be immediately available. Overall, the workflow is thus made to be as speedy, complete and properly performed as possible. \n2. Data Accuracy and security: Another important aspect of LIMS-managed workflow is control of who has access to each process, test result, etc. If the LIMS is integrated with instruments, then result-based transcription errors are eliminated as well. An audit trail function should ensure user interactions are documented, along with any results changes, the reason for the change, old and new values and date\/time stamp. Encryption, coupled with access security, data protection methods (e.g., firewall, backups, redundancy) provide much greater security than paper folders and files or even spreadsheets, etc.\n3. Flexibility: Given the evolving nature of the cannabis industry, as well as the consideration that the ability to diversify a lab's testing services can be an important factor in its success (see Evaluating and Implementing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing), the abilities to make new versions of tests with different limit sets, create producer- or strain-specific sets of specifications to test to, make entirely new tests, etc.\u2014all without having to resort to enlisting developer services\u2014is a desirable and valuable characteristic in a LIMS. It means a longer life expectancy for the software, which means greater return on your investment. This can in turn mean the difference between adapting to market demands and surviving\/prospering or showing an inability to afford development in tough times and failing due to non-competitiveness.\n\nSample submission \nLabs receive samples either on an ad hoc basis, regularly scheduled (production QA\/QC, for example) or both. The LIMS should support each, allowing samples to be created before they are received (either manually or according to a schedule), with the ability to indicate when they have actually been received, and are then when they are available for testing. The logging and receipt procedures should auto-populate where possible (repeat submitters, etc.) and aid speedy entry. Features that help include auto-complete typing, drop-down picklists, intelligent auto-populating (e.g., certain tests are appropriate for certain sample types, so the system filters the ones it displays as available), etc. Samples should be automatically assigned a unique ID in the system.\nAn additional feature that greatly enhances competitiveness is the ability to accept test requests via web portal. Submitters can enter information about their sample(s) and themselves and request the tests they want and even pre-pay if desired. The portal is secure and private for each user's own data, and also allows them to view the status of their submissions, as well as the final COA or report. There will probably be costs associated with the setup\/configuration of the portal, but it should be an available feature of the LIMS without requiring that it be specially developed.\nThe LIMS should also allow you to print (barcoded\/RFID) labels automatically when samples are received, or manually at any time (you should be able to configure the labels to suit).\n\nBatching, reviews, flexibility and more \nSome characteristics of effective workflow supported by the LIMS include quick and easy batching of samples by process step, e.g., all samples that are ready for a particular prep or extraction, instrument analysis, review, etc. Review steps, in fact, are another feature your cannabis LIMS should easily support. You should be able to mandate\u2014either automatically or on the fly\u2014as many review\/approval steps as desired, and specify individuals or roles allowed to complete them, and have the system fully document them. In fact, this configurable property allowing you to build workflows is an essential one, tied to the overall flexibility that even a LIMS designed specifically for cannabis labs should have.\nThe system should track samples from initial submission to return, permanent storage or disposal, and document it all to meet audit requirements, providing full chain of custody (COC) functions and documentation.\nTests should be able to be assigned automatically by sample type, client or other criteria, as well as specification limit sets, and the LIMS should provide alerts\/notifications where these are violated. Simple \"click for re-run, approve or cancel\" functionality should allow results to be processed speedily and accurately.\n\nReporting \nThe final product of any lab, including a cannabis testing lab, is the report. In most cases this is a COA. The LIMS should have a standard COA template based on the standard cannabis tests, that meets state, local and national (in the case of Uruguay and Canada) requirements, yet configurable to include your lab's logo, contact details and any other information, disclaimers, etc. you want to include. That means it probably has its own (or a bundled generic) report writer app that allows you to also design and implement other types of reports if\/when you want.\nThat's the minimum requirement. But of course you also need to keep track of your lab's internal metrics: TAT (turnaround time), # samples processed (weekly\/monthly\/yearly), backlog\/outstanding work, etc. And you (justifiably) expect a LIMS to offer those kinds of reports too, as well as have the ability to print out a bench worksheet for manual data gathering if needed.\nThe system should be able to access and report (either ad-hoc in real time or as formal reports, as necessary) any data held in its database, especially in regard to track-and-trace systems or the likes of Health Canada reporting requirements.\nThe other key reporting feature your cannabis LIMS should offer is QC control charting, showing historical results as measured against control parameters. And this also relates to another feature you may want to include: the ability to data mine, e.g., call up all historical results for a product for a given time frame to map variances over time. Both of these should be in a format that allows export to a full-featured charting\/visualization app (Excel, .csv., .txt).\n\nAdditional features \nThe above features and functions are the essential ones you'll want for a genuine value-add LIMS. But most offer additional capabilities, and you can ask to see how they would help you, and figure them into your budget if they are important to you. Some of these include:\n\n Training and certification management\n Instrument maintenance and calibration management \n Inventory management\n Integration: instruments, applications, databases, online exchanges, directories, tracking\/reporting systems (METRC, BioTrackTHC)\n Invoicing\n Manual\/auto alerts, email notifications\n Tablet\/mobile-friendly\n Additional business\/productivity apps comprising holistic solution\nSummary \nSo basically you need a LIMS that is:\n Stable and proven\n \"Tuned\" for cannabis testing\n Easy-to-use, intuitive and speedy\n Ensures accuracy, security and compliance\n Competitive in features and pricing: best VALUE (benefits\/price) while providing everything needed\n Not a nightmare to implement\nThe information and tips provided here should help you to make good decisions in evaluating and implementing a LIMS for your cannabis testing laboratory. If you are starting up a new lab, see Starting a Cannabis Testing Lab for some guidance on getting going in the fast-growing cannabis industry.\n\nReferences \n\n\n\u2191 \"Reference Methods for the Testing of Retail and Medical Marijuana\". Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. https:\/\/www.colorado.gov\/pacific\/sites\/default\/files\/Marijuana%20Testing%20Method%20Reference%20Library.pdf . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Kuzdzal, S.; Clifford, R.; Winkler, P.; Bankert, W. (December 2017). \"A Closer Look at Cannabis Testing\" (PDF). Shimadzu Corporation. https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/sites\/ssi.shimadzu.com\/files\/Industry\/Literature\/Shimadzu_Whitepaper_Emerging_Cannabis_Industry.pdf . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Robertson, G.; McArthur, G. (29 June 2018). \"Globe Investigation: What\u2019s in your weed? We tested dispensary marijuana to find out\". The Globe and Mail. https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/cannabis\/article-globe-investigation-whats-in-your-weed-we-tested-dispensary\/ . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Cassiday, L. (October 2016). \"The Highs and Lows of Cannabis Testing\". INFORM. American Oil Chemists' Society. https:\/\/www.aocs.org\/stay-informed\/inform-magazine\/featured-articles\/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016 . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Rambo (21 July 2013). \"Is Cannabis Lab Testing a Scam\". Marijuana Growers Headquarters. http:\/\/marijuanagrowershq.com\/is-cannabis-lab-testing-a-scam . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Bush, E. (18 February 2015). \"World\u2019s strongest weed? Potency testing challenged\". The Seattle Times. https:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/seattle-news\/worldrsquos-strongest-weed-potency-testing-challenged\/ . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Adams, M. (17 March 2017). \"The Quality Of Government Marijuana Is So Bad It\u2019s Hindering Research\". The Fresh Toast. https:\/\/thefreshtoast.com\/cannabis\/the-quality-of-government-marijuana-is-so-bad-its-hindering-research\/ . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Hellerman, C. (08 March 2017). \"Scientists say the government\u2019s only pot farm has moldy samples \u2014 and no federal testing standards\". PBS.org. https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/nation\/scientists-say-governments-pot-farm-moldy-samples-no-guidelines . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 8 January 2021, at 21:57.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 9,849 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","a2a508eb60441301080420183776f6ab_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Features and Functions in a Cannabis Testing LIMS<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\">\n\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Cannabis_test_types\">Cannabis test types<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannabis-testing.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"6a62c5d8e48caf2b223655936ddfddae\"><img alt=\"Cannabis-testing.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0e\/Cannabis-testing.jpg\/340px-Cannabis-testing.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"254\" \/><\/a><\/div>Far and away the most important feature in a cannabis testing LIMS is that it supports the full range of testing required. That means results from the various instruments\u2014such as liquid and gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and polymerase chain reaction\u2014for a variety of methods must be supported, especially given the range of matrices involved: oils, topical lotions, varied edibles, inhalables etc. To clarify, here are the tests a cannabis lab need to be performing in order to be commercially viable, whether in the recreational or medicinal market, either now or later, regardless of state or country<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CO_Ref_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CO_Ref-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalACloser16-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<ul><li> Potency<\/li>\n<li> Terpenes<\/li>\n<li> Strain (terpene\/cannabinoid ratios)<\/li>\n<li> Residual solvents<\/li>\n<li> Pesticides<\/li>\n<li> Heavy metals<\/li>\n<li> Water activity<\/li>\n<li> Moisture content<\/li>\n<li> Foreign materials<\/li>\n<li> Mold and microbiological contaminants<\/li><\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Regulatory_compliance_and_adherence_to_standards\">Regulatory compliance and adherence to standards<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Nevada_Med_Canna_Label.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"1062283a996359ed67385d16de548c0e\"><img alt=\"Nevada Med Canna Label.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7d\/Nevada_Med_Canna_Label.jpg\/280px-Nevada_Med_Canna_Label.jpg\" width=\"280\" height=\"115\" \/><\/a><\/div>I little while ago, most states had no regulatory or standards requirements of labs, but those who chose to take advantage of that by offering fake certifications or poorly-executed and inaccurate results found that the negative consequences far outweighed the benefits of that strategy, and began to fall away quickly.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GlobeandMail_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GlobeandMail-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AOCS_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AOCS-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MGH_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MGH-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SeattleTimes_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SeattleTimes-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Research_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Research-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Moldy_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Moldy-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup> Since then, states have quickly realized the need to adopt quality requirements for labs, and where those are not yet adopted, most labs are making their own decisions to attain ISO\/IEC 17025, GLP\/GALP and similar certifications. These include new standards aimed at the cannabis industry, like ASA (Americans for Safe Access) and PFC (Patient Focused Accreditation) in order to (a) compete successfully and (b) anticipate future requirements. This obviously has impact on requirements for the LIMS software used to manage testing data. To be a maximum value proposition, it must support these types of standards and certifications, as well as be capable of helping you meet all regulations brought in by the state. That means that by design it needs to be secure and accurate, with control over user access, as well as being user-configurable so that it is flexible enough to support any new requirements that come along without having to pay for new coding\/development.\n<p>For more detailed information on regulations and standards in the cannabis industry, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Regulatory Compliance - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"215c53df299701d4ec1bbcae57e9da06\">Regulatory Compliance Considerations<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Cannabis_testing_workflow_management\">Cannabis testing workflow management<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are three main attributes a LIMS must contribute to laboratory process workflows:\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Canna_testing_workflow.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"d9837c041c2393ff3886fa6304fcd1e0\"><img alt=\"Canna testing workflow.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/03\/Canna_testing_workflow.jpg\/500px-Canna_testing_workflow.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>1. <b>Automation\/streamlining<\/b>: One of the chief advantages a LIMS brings to the lab workflow is the automatic updating of process step statuses, so that it is instantly apparent to authorized users or supervisory personnel how far along any sample or set of samples is at any given time. Similarly, it should prevent status changes until the previous status has been fully completed. Furthermore, it should enforce the assigned order in which each step or process must be performed for any given method, and any required restrictions on who should carry them out (alternating analysts, named analysts, etc.). Additionally, any QC samples, matrices, catalysts or other prep or analysis components can be mandated so that methods are followed correctly, QC\/QA requirements are met and all are automatically documented for easy recall during audits. Once all tests for a particular sample or order are complete, the report or certificate of analysis (COA) should be immediately available. Overall, the workflow is thus made to be as speedy, complete and properly performed as possible. \n<p>2. <b>Data Accuracy and security<\/b>: Another important aspect of LIMS-managed workflow is control of who has access to each process, test result, etc. If the LIMS is integrated with instruments, then result-based transcription errors are eliminated as well. An audit trail function should ensure user interactions are documented, along with any results changes, the reason for the change, old and new values and date\/time stamp. Encryption, coupled with access security, data protection methods (e.g., firewall, backups, redundancy) provide much greater security than paper folders and files or even spreadsheets, etc.\n<\/p><p>3. <b>Flexibility<\/b>: Given the evolving nature of the cannabis industry, as well as the consideration that the ability to diversify a lab's testing services can be an important factor in its success (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Evaluating_and_Implementing_a_LIMS_for_Cannabis_Testing\" title=\"Evaluating and Implementing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"6b62e0ae063c3bd9935a94049e6bc5e4\">Evaluating and Implementing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing<\/a>), the abilities to make new versions of tests with different limit sets, create producer- or strain-specific sets of specifications to test to, make entirely new tests, etc.\u2014all without having to resort to enlisting developer services\u2014is a desirable and valuable characteristic in a LIMS. It means a longer life expectancy for the software, which means greater return on your investment. This can in turn mean the difference between adapting to market demands and surviving\/prospering or showing an inability to afford development in tough times and failing due to non-competitiveness.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Sample_submission\">Sample submission<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Submit_Samples_online.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"582ddff1ce98c58c385a194f597c4d76\"><img alt=\"Submit Samples online.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3d\/Submit_Samples_online.jpg\/300px-Submit_Samples_online.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" \/><\/a><\/div>Labs receive samples either on an <i>ad hoc<\/i> basis, regularly scheduled (production QA\/QC, for example) or both. The LIMS should support each, allowing samples to be created before they are received (either manually or according to a schedule), with the ability to indicate when they have actually been received, and are then when they are available for testing. The logging and receipt procedures should auto-populate where possible (repeat submitters, etc.) and aid speedy entry. Features that help include auto-complete typing, drop-down picklists, intelligent auto-populating (e.g., certain tests are appropriate for certain sample types, so the system filters the ones it displays as available), etc. Samples should be automatically assigned a unique ID in the system.\n<p>An additional feature that greatly enhances competitiveness is the ability to accept test requests via web portal. Submitters can enter information about their sample(s) and themselves and request the tests they want and even pre-pay if desired. The portal is secure and private for each user's own data, and also allows them to view the status of their submissions, as well as the final COA or report. There will probably be costs associated with the setup\/configuration of the portal, but it should be an available feature of the LIMS without requiring that it be specially developed.\n<\/p><p>The LIMS should also allow you to print (barcoded\/RFID) labels automatically when samples are received, or manually at any time (you should be able to configure the labels to suit).\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Batching.2C_reviews.2C_flexibility_and_more\">Batching, reviews, flexibility and more<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannabis_Lab_Analyst.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"5cfa064a053b131fff98301799a9ab5d\"><img alt=\"Cannabis Lab Analyst.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Cannabis_Lab_Analyst.jpg\/300px-Cannabis_Lab_Analyst.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" \/><\/a><\/div>Some characteristics of effective workflow supported by the LIMS include quick and easy batching of samples by process step, e.g., all samples that are ready for a particular prep or extraction, instrument analysis, review, etc. Review steps, in fact, are another feature your cannabis LIMS should easily support. You should be able to mandate\u2014either automatically or on the fly\u2014as many review\/approval steps as desired, and specify individuals or roles allowed to complete them, and have the system fully document them. In fact, this configurable property allowing you to build workflows is an essential one, tied to the overall flexibility that even a LIMS designed specifically for cannabis labs should have.\n<p>The system should track samples from initial submission to return, permanent storage or disposal, and document it all to meet audit requirements, providing full chain of custody (COC) functions and documentation.\n<\/p><p>Tests should be able to be assigned automatically by sample type, client or other criteria, as well as specification limit sets, and the LIMS should provide alerts\/notifications where these are violated. Simple \"click for re-run, approve or cancel\" functionality should allow results to be processed speedily and accurately.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Reporting\">Reporting<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannabis_COA_-_CC.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"15e3da6d971d5d38fa848b629a3b4806\"><img alt=\"Cannabis COA - CC.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/49\/Cannabis_COA_-_CC.png\/250px-Cannabis_COA_-_CC.png\" width=\"250\" height=\"160\" \/><\/a><\/div>The final product of any lab, including a cannabis testing lab, is the report. In most cases this is a COA. The LIMS should have a standard COA template based on the standard cannabis tests, that meets state, local and national (in the case of Uruguay and Canada) requirements, yet configurable to include your lab's logo, contact details and any other information, disclaimers, etc. you want to include. That means it probably has its own (or a bundled generic) report writer app that allows you to also design and implement other types of reports if\/when you want.\n<p>That's the minimum requirement. But of course you also need to keep track of your lab's internal metrics: TAT (turnaround time), # samples processed (weekly\/monthly\/yearly), backlog\/outstanding work, etc. And you (justifiably) expect a LIMS to offer those kinds of reports too, as well as have the ability to print out a bench worksheet for manual data gathering if needed.\n<\/p><p>The system should be able to access and report (either ad-hoc in real time or as formal reports, as necessary) any data held in its database, especially in regard to track-and-trace systems or the likes of Health Canada reporting requirements.\n<\/p><p>The other key reporting feature your cannabis LIMS should offer is QC control charting, showing historical results as measured against control parameters. And this also relates to another feature you may want to include: the ability to data mine, e.g., call up all historical results for a product for a given time frame to map variances over time. Both of these should be in a format that allows export to a full-featured charting\/visualization app (Excel, .csv., .txt).\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Additional_features\">Additional features<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The above features and functions are the essential ones you'll want for a genuine value-add LIMS. But most offer additional capabilities, and you can ask to see how they would help you, and figure them into your budget if they are important to you. Some of these include:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Training and certification management<\/li>\n<li> Instrument maintenance and calibration management <\/li>\n<li> Inventory management<\/li>\n<li> Integration: instruments, applications, databases, online exchanges, directories, tracking\/reporting systems (METRC, BioTrackTHC)<\/li>\n<li> Invoicing<\/li>\n<li> Manual\/auto alerts, email notifications<\/li>\n<li> Tablet\/mobile-friendly<\/li>\n<li> Additional business\/productivity apps comprising holistic solution<\/li><\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Summary\">Summary<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannabis_Analyst_happy_with_computer.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"6b22f04d38921b1a9592381ada33c831\"><img alt=\"Cannabis Analyst happy with computer.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/d\/df\/Cannabis_Analyst_happy_with_computer.jpg\" width=\"350\" height=\"197\" \/><\/a><\/div>So basically you need a LIMS that is:\n<ul><li> Stable and proven<\/li>\n<li> \"Tuned\" for cannabis testing<\/li>\n<li> Easy-to-use, intuitive and speedy<\/li>\n<li> Ensures accuracy, security and compliance<\/li>\n<li> Competitive in features and pricing: best VALUE (benefits\/price) while providing everything needed<\/li>\n<li> Not a nightmare to implement<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>The information and tips provided here should help you to make good decisions in evaluating and implementing a LIMS for your cannabis testing laboratory. If you are starting up a new lab, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\" title=\"Starting a Cannabis Testing Lab\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"047b2ad1d30cb0616024a97782db32d3\">Starting a Cannabis Testing Lab<\/a> for some guidance on getting going in the fast-growing cannabis industry.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-CO_Ref-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CO_Ref_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.colorado.gov\/pacific\/sites\/default\/files\/Marijuana%20Testing%20Method%20Reference%20Library.pdf\">\"Reference Methods for the Testing of Retail and Medical Marijuana\"<\/a>. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.colorado.gov\/pacific\/sites\/default\/files\/Marijuana%20Testing%20Method%20Reference%20Library.pdf\">https:\/\/www.colorado.gov\/pacific\/sites\/default\/files\/Marijuana%20Testing%20Method%20Reference%20Library.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Reference+Methods+for+the+Testing+of+Retail+and+Medical+Marijuana&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Colorado+Department+of+Public+Health+and+Environment&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.colorado.gov%2Fpacific%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FMarijuana%2520Testing%2520Method%2520Reference%2520Library.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-KuzdzalACloser16-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Kuzdzal, S.; Clifford, R.; Winkler, P.; Bankert, W. (December 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/sites\/ssi.shimadzu.com\/files\/Industry\/Literature\/Shimadzu_Whitepaper_Emerging_Cannabis_Industry.pdf\">\"A Closer Look at Cannabis Testing\"<\/a> (PDF). Shimadzu Corporation<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/sites\/ssi.shimadzu.com\/files\/Industry\/Literature\/Shimadzu_Whitepaper_Emerging_Cannabis_Industry.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/sites\/ssi.shimadzu.com\/files\/Industry\/Literature\/Shimadzu_Whitepaper_Emerging_Cannabis_Industry.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=A+Closer+Look+at+Cannabis+Testing&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Kuzdzal%2C+S.%3B+Clifford%2C+R.%3B+Winkler%2C+P.%3B+Bankert%2C+W.&rft.au=Kuzdzal%2C+S.%3B+Clifford%2C+R.%3B+Winkler%2C+P.%3B+Bankert%2C+W.&rft.date=December+2017&rft.pub=Shimadzu+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssi.shimadzu.com%2Fsites%2Fssi.shimadzu.com%2Ffiles%2FIndustry%2FLiterature%2FShimadzu_Whitepaper_Emerging_Cannabis_Industry.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-GlobeandMail-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-GlobeandMail_3-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Robertson, G.; McArthur, G. (29 June 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/cannabis\/article-globe-investigation-whats-in-your-weed-we-tested-dispensary\/\">\"Globe Investigation: What\u2019s in your weed? We tested dispensary marijuana to find out\"<\/a>. <i>The Globe and Mail<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/cannabis\/article-globe-investigation-whats-in-your-weed-we-tested-dispensary\/\">https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/cannabis\/article-globe-investigation-whats-in-your-weed-we-tested-dispensary\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Globe+Investigation%3A+What%E2%80%99s+in+your+weed%3F+We+tested+dispensary+marijuana+to+find+out&rft.atitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&rft.aulast=Robertson%2C+G.%3B+McArthur%2C+G.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+G.%3B+McArthur%2C+G.&rft.date=29+June+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fcannabis%2Farticle-globe-investigation-whats-in-your-weed-we-tested-dispensary%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-AOCS-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-AOCS_4-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Cassiday, L. (October 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aocs.org\/stay-informed\/inform-magazine\/featured-articles\/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016\">\"The Highs and Lows of Cannabis Testing\"<\/a>. <i>INFORM<\/i>. American Oil Chemists' Society<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aocs.org\/stay-informed\/inform-magazine\/featured-articles\/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016\">https:\/\/www.aocs.org\/stay-informed\/inform-magazine\/featured-articles\/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Highs+and+Lows+of+Cannabis+Testing&rft.atitle=INFORM&rft.aulast=Cassiday%2C+L.&rft.au=Cassiday%2C+L.&rft.date=October+2016&rft.pub=American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aocs.org%2Fstay-informed%2Finform-magazine%2Ffeatured-articles%2Fthe-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-MGH-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-MGH_5-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Rambo (21 July 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/marijuanagrowershq.com\/is-cannabis-lab-testing-a-scam\">\"Is Cannabis Lab Testing a Scam\"<\/a>. Marijuana Growers Headquarters<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/marijuanagrowershq.com\/is-cannabis-lab-testing-a-scam\">http:\/\/marijuanagrowershq.com\/is-cannabis-lab-testing-a-scam<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Is+Cannabis+Lab+Testing+a+Scam&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Rambo&rft.au=Rambo&rft.date=21+July+2013&rft.pub=Marijuana+Growers+Headquarters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarijuanagrowershq.com%2Fis-cannabis-lab-testing-a-scam&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SeattleTimes-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SeattleTimes_6-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Bush, E. (18 February 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/seattle-news\/worldrsquos-strongest-weed-potency-testing-challenged\/\">\"World\u2019s strongest weed? Potency testing challenged\"<\/a>. <i>The Seattle Times<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/seattle-news\/worldrsquos-strongest-weed-potency-testing-challenged\/\">https:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/seattle-news\/worldrsquos-strongest-weed-potency-testing-challenged\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=World%E2%80%99s+strongest+weed%3F+Potency+testing+challenged&rft.atitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.aulast=Bush%2C+E.&rft.au=Bush%2C+E.&rft.date=18+February+2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattletimes.com%2Fseattle-news%2Fworldrsquos-strongest-weed-potency-testing-challenged%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Research-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Research_7-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Adams, M. (17 March 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/thefreshtoast.com\/cannabis\/the-quality-of-government-marijuana-is-so-bad-its-hindering-research\/\">\"The Quality Of Government Marijuana Is So Bad It\u2019s Hindering Research\"<\/a>. <i>The Fresh Toast<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/thefreshtoast.com\/cannabis\/the-quality-of-government-marijuana-is-so-bad-its-hindering-research\/\">https:\/\/thefreshtoast.com\/cannabis\/the-quality-of-government-marijuana-is-so-bad-its-hindering-research\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Quality+Of+Government+Marijuana+Is+So+Bad+It%E2%80%99s+Hindering+Research&rft.atitle=The+Fresh+Toast&rft.aulast=Adams%2C+M.&rft.au=Adams%2C+M.&rft.date=17+March+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthefreshtoast.com%2Fcannabis%2Fthe-quality-of-government-marijuana-is-so-bad-its-hindering-research%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Moldy-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Moldy_8-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Hellerman, C. (08 March 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/nation\/scientists-say-governments-pot-farm-moldy-samples-no-guidelines\">\"Scientists say the government\u2019s only pot farm has moldy samples \u2014 and no federal testing standards\"<\/a>. <i>PBS.org<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/nation\/scientists-say-governments-pot-farm-moldy-samples-no-guidelines\">https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/nation\/scientists-say-governments-pot-farm-moldy-samples-no-guidelines<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Scientists+say+the+government%E2%80%99s+only+pot+farm+has+moldy+samples+%E2%80%94+and+no+federal+testing+standards&rft.atitle=PBS.org&rft.aulast=Hellerman%2C+C.&rft.au=Hellerman%2C+C.&rft.date=08+March+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fnation%2Fscientists-say-governments-pot-farm-moldy-samples-no-guidelines&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.120 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.154 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 4930\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 12736\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 39414\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 17093\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 12\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","a2a508eb60441301080420183776f6ab_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0e\/Cannabis-testing.jpg\/680px-Cannabis-testing.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7d\/Nevada_Med_Canna_Label.jpg\/560px-Nevada_Med_Canna_Label.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/0\/03\/Canna_testing_workflow.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/3d\/Submit_Samples_online.jpg\/600px-Submit_Samples_online.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/ce\/Cannabis_Lab_Analyst.jpg\/600px-Cannabis_Lab_Analyst.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/49\/Cannabis_COA_-_CC.png\/500px-Cannabis_COA_-_CC.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/d\/df\/Cannabis_Analyst_happy_with_computer.jpg"],"a2a508eb60441301080420183776f6ab_timestamp":1610467626,"6b62e0ae063c3bd9935a94049e6bc5e4_type":"article","6b62e0ae063c3bd9935a94049e6bc5e4_title":"Evaluating and Implementing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing","6b62e0ae063c3bd9935a94049e6bc5e4_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Evaluating_and_Implementing_a_LIMS_for_Cannabis_Testing","6b62e0ae063c3bd9935a94049e6bc5e4_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tEvaluating and Implementing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tWhether putting together a startup or simply adding some informatics magic to your existing lab, it can be difficult to know where to look and how to choose your best options. The information in \"Starting a Cannabis Testing Lab\" can help in planning and realizing a new lab, but many find that although they may know their lab and its processes very well, identifying, selecting and implementing a laboratory information management system (LIMS) can be a formidable task. \nWhere do you begin? What's out there? How do I know if it's really the right solution for my particular lab? What are my requirements, really? What should my budget, implementation time and performance expectations be? What about maintenance, support and warranty? Is it a good use of resources to hire a consultant to find and implement it? These questions and more are typical ones for which most lab professionals have no real answers. If you are considering a LIMS, they're probably what you are wondering. (If you aren't, you should be!)\n\nContents\n\n1 Beginning the process \n\n1.1 General features\/benefits \n1.2 Budgeting \n\n\n2 Get a Demo \n3 Create your requirements list or scope of work \n4 Implementation \n\n4.1 Implementation details \n\n\n5 A final consideration for cannabis testing labs \n\n5.1 The three scenarios \n5.2 Plan for Success \n\n\n\n\n\nBeginning the process \nThe two main questions you will need to answer at the outset are:\n1. What do I want the LIMS to do for me?\n2. What kind of budget do I have?\n\nGeneral features\/benefits \nThe answer to the first question is largely the same as most other kinds of labs. The benefits a LIMS provides includes:\n\n increased accuracy, minimization or elimination of transcription and other errors;\n streamlined processes: each process step in a protocol\/method is completed in the proper order, with all requirements met, updating sample statuses automatically;\n automation: integration with instruments allows for automatic uploading of samples and returning of results;\n regulatory and standards compliance: it's always your procedures that constitute compliance or non-compliance, but a LIMS helps keep you doing the right things the right ways, and it should also keep history so you can provide documentation when you need to;\n data security: role-based, configurable secure access to data, processes, reporting, etc.;\n custom-designed reports: a good quality, professional LIMS includes a reporting tool that allows you to design and generate reports to your own specs, incorporating exactly the data, images, etc. you want;\n instant data retrieval: instead of having to search through cabinets filled with paperwork, search and call up any information instantly according to any criteria (date range, test, product type, etc.), which can be specially useful during audits;\n cost-effectiveness: more efficiency and accuracy means less waste of time, and if it is a user-configurable system (as opposed to hard-coded, requiring development for any modifications), its return on investment {ROI) increases over time, due to built-in adaptability and thus longevity.\nBudgeting \nNow we come to budget. This isn't made easier by the fact that a LIMS comes in all kinds of price ranges, from over $1 million all the way down to free. How are you supposed to judge where the honestly appropriate system price for your lab lies?\nThere are some basic realities that can help in figuring an appropriate budget:\n\n\n1. Pricing is generally based on how many will be using the LIMS. This can be measured in concurrent users (how many will be using the LIMS at any one time) or named users (the number of total users who will ever use the LIMS, by name). Additionally, modern LIMS increasingly offer the option of a cloud-hosted subscription, which of course has the advantage of not having to have your own IT department, and allowing labs to defray cost over time, with little or no actual license fee. Think about your usage strategy and choose the pricing format that makes most sense for you. \n2. Most costs are related to work. Try to choose a solution that has what you need out of the box, as much as possible. The more customized or unique options you ask for, the more it costs, because extra items are a function of the time it takes developers to add them.\n3. User-configurable beats vendor-configurable on cost-effectiveness. A lot of LIMS vendors offer a free or low-cost option, but don't be fooled. They are in business to make money, and they are counting on the fact that you'll need to pay them to make things work, add necessary functionality, support, training, etc. If you can find one who offers a genuinely user-configurable LIMS, and whose manuals and other support materials are clearly helpful and available so that you can adjust things the way you want, when you want, then that will go a long way toward budget efficiency and longevity.\n4. Interfaces cost money. If necessary, consider phasing in those instrument and other interfaces over time, as revenue eases cash flow. You can go live with your LIMS operations more quickly, entering results manually until you can afford to interface your instruments one-by-one. This goes for reports too. A standard report will do. You can make fancy ones later.\n\n\nIn general, you'll probably want to budget a minimum of around $40,000 - $80,000 plus or minus, minimum, (including setup, training, interfaces, etc.) for a decent, bang-for-your-buck professional LIMS with maybe an interface or two, with $300 to $900 per month (depending on number of users) for ongoing subscription. At around 5 concurrent (logged in at the same time) users, the economics start to favor purchasing perpetual licenses rather than paying subscription. Purchased licenses will also entail ongoing annual or monthly costs as well (maintenance, support, warranty for updates etc.), but somewhere around that number of users, it may tend to be cheaper than subscription. Subscriptions (if available) are generally aimed at smaller labs. If you will be growing and scaling up, it may be a great way to get started - but make sure you have the option to switch to perpetual licenses later. \nOne mistake some labs still make is to think they have the development skills to build their own more cost-effectively. Once upon a time, long ago, there were so few options that this made sense in a few cases. Those labs are now shackled by a hard-coded system that nobody knows how to modify or maintain because the guy who wrote it moved on or retired years ago and they have an obsolete, antiquated spreadsheet-based monster. Today you have plenty of choices, so why re-invent (an inferior version of) the wheel?\n\nGet a Demo \nYou no doubt are quite familiar with all of your lab's or potential lab's processes, but that doesn't mean you necessarily have even an inkling about how exactly a LIMS fits in. That's pretty common, and it's fine. That's what LIMS companies should be able to show you. Understanding the general ideas listed in #General features\/benefits above is a starting point. A good LIMS company already generally understands your kind of lab but will ask you a lot of questions about exactly how you do things. It's the exceptions that need catering to. Doing a live demo (online is actually even better than in-person; it can be recorded so you can review and share it as much as you want) is a great context for exploring how the LIMS performs the functions your lab needs. It is interactive and live, so there can be no tricks\u2014you see just how it performs in real time, and you can throw as many curves as you like. That kind of scenario can go a long way towards giving you a real feel for its suitability. Additionally, you can both (lab and vendor) gain a budgetary idea of cost, based on what you do, what you want the LIMS to do, what it can do and the product and services pricing.\nCreate your requirements list or scope of work \nProceeding in the order we've described here avoids a common error: too often labs think the first thing they must do is create a requirements list, then sit back and let the LIMS vendors tell them how they meet it. As mentioned earlier, even though they understand their lab and its processes, most labs don't have much of a clue about informatics and LIMS. Having a demo before creating the requirements list is a great way to plug in the LIMS features you have seen demonstrated to your lab's processes and needs. After all, how can you effectively require LIMS functions if you don't fully know what a LIMS is capable of?\nAt this point you are much more equipped to create a requirements list that becomes the contractual product set and scope of work (SOW) that represents your total LIMS solution.\n\nImplementation \nThere are two main keys to successful implementation: having an accurate SOW and high team availability.\n1. Accurate SOW: It should be absolutely clear in both your and the vendor's minds exactly what the delivered, operational LIMS should look like. If possible, ask for a validation script that addresses each function and process. Read through it and make sure you agree with each test, that it is an effective measure of the LIMS function it purports to validate. If not, work with the vendor to modify it to your satisfaction. Remember, vendors are required to meet exactly what the contracted requirements are, no more or no less. If they are worded poorly, the delivered item may not match what you envisioned. Be as detailed as you can. This is also where the demo comes in handy. If it is documented (e.g., recorded), you can always use language like \"per demo\" or \"as demonstrated in demo\" so there is no question how a feature is supposed to work for you.\n2. High team availability: Make your team available. Far too many LIMS implementations drag on way past what is needed simply because the lab doesn't keep up with the process. We all know you're busy, you have regular daily operations and it can be very difficult to allocate extra time for bringing on the new LIMS. A word of advice: make the time! The initial energy and impetus of the project (and a \"project\" doesn't mean it has to take months; do it right and the best LIMS can be live inside a few weeks) disappear surprisingly quickly once delays set in. Interest wanders and a once-great initiative becomes a nagging burden. The single greatest thing you can do to avoid this is allocate the right person(s) to focus on successfully getting the system in place on time and on\/under budget. That means plenty of communication with the vendor's project manager, executing the training and any configuration tasks your lab is responsible for, and signing off when tasks are complete. You may be surprised how often unsuccessful implementations are actually the fault of the customer.\n\nImplementation details \n The implementation itself can be quite simple for a pretty standard system. The minimum scenario would be one to five users, no customization, no configurations beyond standard setup (name the lab's location and any departments, add users\/passwords, lab logo, address, etc. to report, enter contacts), no interfaces and around two hours of training (online, recorded for reference). And if the solution is cloud-hosted there is no time (money) wasted in buying and\/or setting up servers, firewalls, etc., so the LIMS itself can be in place and running in a day. The rest is up to you, it's a function of how much time you put in to do the setup, so figure something like a week to three weeks to go live (a little more if your schedule is tight).\nA larger and\/or more comprehensive implementation can include several components and be rolled out in phases over one to three months or so. In fact, you can be operational manually for as long as you need to be, bringing instrument interfaces in over time as budget permits, which allows you to begin using the LIMS earlier. \nAll of the phases and their deliverables have price tags associated with them. Your total cost is a function of the license fee or subscription plus the work the vendor performs. The work they do (and the work you do) is what constitutes the implementation and its phases. They can include (in order):\n\n Project management: The LIMS company will provide a project manager to coordinate with you and make sure all deliverables are implemented on time and according to the contract. The cost of this is a function of their hours, which begin at the initial meeting (kickoff) and end once your system goes live and all deliverables have been met.\n Kickoff meeting: This is the initial get-together between your project manager and theirs. Review the SOW and the plan to implement it, and clarify resource and time commitments and responsibilities, making sure the schedule works for everybody.\n System installation: If it's to be an onsite installation, then your system administrator and the LIMS vendor's technical representatives will need to work closely to make sure this is done properly. If the vendor is hosting it for you, the system should be spun up and available for you to log in to within a day or so.\n Gap analysis: This is the identification or verification of the gap between the system as installed and the system as fully functional according to the contract. There should not be any surprises here! If there are (and not good ones), the vendor should rectify them speedily and at no extra charge.\n Work plan (system acceptance test plan): This is the deliverable that spells out essentially what was discussed in the kickoff, with the gap analysis factored in. It's what will be worked towards in order to get to a fully functional, contractually complete system. It should include all tasks, including your verification and sign-off of each deliverable.\n LIMS administrator training: Whether a small and simple setup or something more complex, this is important and integral. Get it online and record it if you can. That way you can refer to it as often as you need to, and also use it to train new administrators. Not to mention it's a lot cheaper than paying the vendor to train you onsite.\n Configuration and customization: This is really the bulk portion of implementation. It includes the standard configuration of the LIMS, plus any extras: instrument interfaces, system\/software\/agency interfaces, additional custom reports, screen modifications, new fields, etc. (beyond standard setup), adding tests (the LIMS should allow you to make your own), custom notifications\/alerts, web portal configuration, additional training, etc.\n System validation and acceptance: This should be going on throughout the implementation as you sign off on each completed task. Then the final acceptance of the complete system is simply a matter of final overall review and sign-off. A more comprehensive validation involves test scripts for each function, and you will need to go through each, noting pass\/fail and any comments. If more work is needed to bring things up to full acceptance level, the vendor (or you, if it was your responsibility) should apply whatever resources necessary to swiftly bring the items to acceptance level.\n User training: Like admin training, user training is essential for a professional, dedicated system like a LIMS. And in the same way, online training by job function is the most effective method, enabling recorded sessions to be referred back to by the trainees and used for repeat and additional staff training.\n Go-live support: As with any new system as fundamental to operations as a LIMS, it is a great contributor to a successful launch if the vendor's support staff are readily available during the initial \"go-live\" period. This may be a few days, a week or two, or a month, depending on complexity, number of users\/samples, etc.\n One year (times X) maintenance and support: This recurring item can be included with your monthly or annual subscription if your LIMS is a software as a service (SaaS) cloud-hosted one. Otherwise, if you purchase licenses (the vendor may still offer cloud-hosting if you want), then this is a separate annual fee. It's usually wise to include this, at least for the first few years so that updates and upgrades are included, and support hours help your users as they become more comfortable and proficient. Cost usually is around 15-20% of original license fee annually, or bundled into a subscription automatically.\nA final consideration for cannabis testing labs \nDiversification is a smart approach. There are two types of labs who may be considering a LIMS: those that already exist, and startups. If you are an existing lab, either you already do testing in other industries and want to extend into cannabis since it seems to be a fast-growing opportunity and you already have the right equipment (or are willing to purchase more), or you are currently doing cannabis testing and simply want to derive the benefits that a LIMS brings. If you are a startup, you may be deciding just where your testing services should begin and end. Obviously, instrumentation is central to that, as is whether you have qualified microbiologists, etc. Unfortunately, many make the mistake of neglecting the need for a professional LIMS to manage the most precious asset of a lab: its data and reports. It's important to count that among your startup or expansion costs. From a business standpoint, no matter which category you fall under, you will want to minimize risk while maximizing income. To that end, diversification makes a lot of sense.\nThe three scenarios \n1. Existing non-cannabis testing lab (food, nutraceuticals, environmental, etc.): You probably already have a lot of the instrumentation and qualified staff to do cannabis testing, testing for molds\/fungus, pesticides, contaminants, etc. So why not add cannabinoids and terpenes, joining the trending industry? This makes all kinds of sense. You are being more efficient with your investments, gaining additional return on those expensive instruments. And your risk is mitigated by the fact that you already have a sustainable market, so if pot goes, er, to pot, you can just refocus on your original offerings.\n2. Existing cannabis testing lab: If you're already doing full testing for cannabis, you have all of the right instrumentation and capabilities to analyze other substances, so why not get full benefit from your considerable investment? The more income sources, the better. Consider offering commercial analysis for non-cannabis-related food and beverage producers, nutraceutical manufacturers, and any number of firms and organizations who require environmental sampling and testing. You can probably think of other opportunities as well. Every additional kind of customer contributes a little more hedge against market variations and\/or unforeseen disastrous eventualities in your main industry. And that can mean the difference between survival and closing up shop.\n3. Startup cannabis testing lab: Unless you are planning on simply doing extraction, you will be investing substantially so that you can perform the comprehensive sets of analyses that will allow you to successfully compete in this rapidly-expanding industry. It only makes sense, then, to utilize those capabilities fully so that you can maximize your income streams. The more you expand your markets and widen your methods library to stretch your instruments to their fullest capabilities, the greater your income.\n\nPlan for Success \nThe ability to handle a wide variety of testing, with easy addition of more tests, sample types, limits, different types of results data and varied reporting needs will all be vital features to look for in considering your LIMS. A purpose-built cannabis testing LIMS may be an attractive low-cost option, but if it doesn't allow you to be flexible in diversification, it may end up being a barrier to increasing income and\/or ensuring survival.\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Evaluating_and_Implementing_a_LIMS_for_Cannabis_Testing\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Evaluating_and_Implementing_a_LIMS_for_Cannabis_Testing<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 7 February 2019, at 14:22.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 5,392 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","6b62e0ae063c3bd9935a94049e6bc5e4_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Evaluating_and_Implementing_a_LIMS_for_Cannabis_Testing skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Evaluating and Implementing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannabis_Assign_Test.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"9bfa04829d656958b5a9ca98e6c5e1fc\"><img alt=\"Cannabis Assign Test.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/19\/Cannabis_Assign_Test.png\/600px-Cannabis_Assign_Test.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>Whether putting together a startup or simply adding some informatics magic to your existing lab, it can be difficult to know where to look and how to choose your best options. The information in \"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\" title=\"Starting a Cannabis Testing Lab\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"047b2ad1d30cb0616024a97782db32d3\">Starting a Cannabis Testing Lab<\/a>\" can help in planning and realizing a new lab, but many find that although they may know their lab and its processes very well, identifying, selecting and implementing a laboratory information management system (LIMS) can be a formidable task. \n<p>Where do you begin? What's out there? How do I know if it's really the right solution for my particular lab? What are my requirements, really? What should my budget, implementation time and performance expectations be? What about maintenance, support and warranty? Is it a good use of resources to hire a consultant to find and implement it? These questions and more are typical ones for which most lab professionals have no real answers. If you are considering a LIMS, they're probably what you are wondering. (If you aren't, you should be!)\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Beginning_the_process\">Beginning the process<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The two main questions you will need to answer at the outset are:\n<\/p><p>1. What do I want the LIMS to do for me?\n<\/p><p>2. What kind of budget do I have?\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"General_features.2Fbenefits\">General features\/benefits<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The answer to the first question is largely the same as most other kinds of labs. The benefits a LIMS provides includes:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> increased accuracy, minimization or elimination of transcription and other errors;<\/li>\n<li> streamlined processes: each process step in a protocol\/method is completed in the proper order, with all requirements met, updating sample statuses automatically;<\/li>\n<li> automation: integration with instruments allows for automatic uploading of samples and returning of results;<\/li>\n<li> regulatory and standards compliance: it's always your procedures that constitute compliance or non-compliance, but a LIMS helps keep you doing the right things the right ways, and it should also keep history so you can provide documentation when you need to;<\/li>\n<li> data security: role-based, configurable secure access to data, processes, reporting, etc.;<\/li>\n<li> custom-designed reports: a good quality, professional LIMS includes a reporting tool that allows you to design and generate reports to your own specs, incorporating exactly the data, images, etc. you want;<\/li>\n<li> instant data retrieval: instead of having to search through cabinets filled with paperwork, search and call up any information instantly according to any criteria (date range, test, product type, etc.), which can be specially useful during audits;<\/li>\n<li> cost-effectiveness: more efficiency and accuracy means less waste of time, and if it is a user-configurable system (as opposed to hard-coded, requiring development for any modifications), its return on investment {ROI) increases over time, due to built-in adaptability and thus longevity.<\/li><\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Budgeting\">Budgeting<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Budgeting.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"5eb937c41d39bdd33fafc17fd747003b\"><img alt=\"Budgeting.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Budgeting.jpg\/400px-Budgeting.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>Now we come to budget. This isn't made easier by the fact that a LIMS comes in all kinds of price ranges, from over $1 million all the way down to free. How are you supposed to judge where the honestly appropriate system price for your lab lies?\n<p>There are some basic realities that can help in figuring an appropriate budget:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>1. Pricing is generally based on how many will be using the LIMS. This can be measured in concurrent users (how many will be using the LIMS at any one time) or named users (the number of total users who will ever use the LIMS, by name). Additionally, modern LIMS increasingly offer the option of a cloud-hosted subscription, which of course has the advantage of not having to have your own IT department, and allowing labs to defray cost over time, with little or no actual license fee. Think about your usage strategy and choose the pricing format that makes most sense for you. \n<\/p><p>2. Most costs are related to work. Try to choose a solution that has what you need out of the box, as much as possible. The more customized or unique options you ask for, the more it costs, because extra items are a function of the time it takes developers to add them.\n<\/p><p>3. User-configurable beats vendor-configurable on cost-effectiveness. A lot of LIMS vendors offer a free or low-cost option, but don't be fooled. They are in business to make money, and they are counting on the fact that you'll need to pay them to make things work, add necessary functionality, support, training, etc. If you can find one who offers a genuinely user-configurable LIMS, and whose manuals and other support materials are clearly helpful and available so that you can adjust things the way you want, when you want, then that will go a long way toward budget efficiency and longevity.\n<\/p><p>4. Interfaces cost money. If necessary, consider phasing in those instrument and other interfaces over time, as revenue eases cash flow. You can go live with your LIMS operations more quickly, entering results manually until you can afford to interface your instruments one-by-one. This goes for reports too. A standard report will do. You can make fancy ones later.\n<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>In general, you'll probably want to budget a minimum of around $40,000 - $80,000 plus or minus, minimum, (including setup, training, interfaces, etc.) for a decent, bang-for-your-buck professional LIMS with maybe an interface or two, with $300 to $900 per month (depending on number of users) for ongoing subscription. At around 5 concurrent (logged in at the same time) users, the economics start to favor purchasing perpetual licenses rather than paying subscription. Purchased licenses will also entail ongoing annual or monthly costs as well (maintenance, support, warranty for updates etc.), but somewhere around that number of users, it may tend to be cheaper than subscription. Subscriptions (if available) are generally aimed at smaller labs. If you will be growing and scaling up, it may be a great way to get started - but make sure you have the option to switch to perpetual licenses later. \n<\/p><p>One mistake some labs still make is to think they have the development skills to build their own more cost-effectively. Once upon a time, long ago, there were so few options that this made sense in a few cases. Those labs are now shackled by a hard-coded system that nobody knows how to modify or maintain because the guy who wrote it moved on or retired years ago and they have an obsolete, antiquated spreadsheet-based monster. Today you have plenty of choices, so why re-invent (an inferior version of) the wheel?\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Get_a_Demo\">Get a Demo<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Computer-based_Training_Facing_Right.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"c6cb1c892b871423300141482a55fcd9\"><img alt=\"Computer-based Training Facing Right.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/8\/86\/Computer-based_Training_Facing_Right.png\" width=\"269\" height=\"259\" \/><\/a><\/div>You no doubt are quite familiar with all of your lab's or potential lab's processes, but that doesn't mean you necessarily have even an inkling about how exactly a LIMS fits in. That's pretty common, and it's fine. That's what LIMS companies should be able to show you. Understanding the general ideas listed in <a href=\"#General_features.2Fbenefits\">#General features\/benefits<\/a> above is a starting point. A good LIMS company already generally understands your kind of lab but will ask you a lot of questions about exactly how you do things. It's the exceptions that need catering to. Doing a live demo (online is actually even better than in-person; it can be recorded so you can review and share it as much as you want) is a great context for exploring how the LIMS performs the functions your lab needs. It is interactive and live, so there can be no tricks\u2014you see just how it performs in real time, and you can throw as many curves as you like. That kind of scenario can go a long way towards giving you a real feel for its suitability. Additionally, you can both (lab and vendor) gain a budgetary idea of cost, based on what you do, what you want the LIMS to do, what it can do and the product and services pricing.\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Create_your_requirements_list_or_scope_of_work\">Create your requirements list or scope of work<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Proceeding in the order we've described here avoids a common error: too often labs think the <i>first<\/i> thing they must do is create a requirements list, then sit back and let the LIMS vendors tell them how they meet it. As mentioned earlier, even though they understand their lab and its processes, most labs don't have much of a clue about informatics and LIMS. Having a demo <i>before<\/i> creating the requirements list is a great way to plug in the LIMS features you have seen demonstrated to your lab's processes and needs. After all, how can you effectively require LIMS functions if you don't fully know what a LIMS is capable of?\n<\/p><p>At this point you are much more equipped to create a requirements list that becomes the contractual product set and scope of work (SOW) that represents your total LIMS solution.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Implementation\">Implementation<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Lab_Generic.jpeg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"a673953730e9e9d628ea6c1944616497\"><img alt=\"Lab Generic.jpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c2\/Lab_Generic.jpeg\/400px-Lab_Generic.jpeg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>There are two main keys to successful implementation: having an accurate SOW and high team availability.\n<p>1. <b>Accurate SOW<\/b>: It should be absolutely clear in both your and the vendor's minds exactly what the delivered, operational LIMS should look like. If possible, ask for a validation script that addresses each function and process. Read through it and make sure you agree with each test, that it is an effective measure of the LIMS function it purports to validate. If not, work with the vendor to modify it to your satisfaction. Remember, vendors are required to meet exactly what the contracted requirements are, no more or no less. If they are worded poorly, the delivered item may not match what you envisioned. Be as detailed as you can. This is also where the demo comes in handy. If it is documented (e.g., recorded), you can always use language like \"per demo\" or \"as demonstrated in demo\" so there is no question how a feature is supposed to work for you.\n<\/p><p>2. <b>High team availability<\/b>: Make your team available. Far too many LIMS implementations drag on way past what is needed simply because the lab doesn't keep up with the process. We all know you're busy, you have regular daily operations and it can be very difficult to allocate extra time for bringing on the new LIMS. A word of advice: make the time! The initial energy and impetus of the project (and a \"project\" doesn't mean it has to take months; do it right and the best LIMS can be live inside a few weeks) disappear surprisingly quickly once delays set in. Interest wanders and a once-great initiative becomes a nagging burden. The single greatest thing you can do to avoid this is allocate the right person(s) to focus on successfully getting the system in place on time and on\/under budget. That means plenty of communication with the vendor's project manager, executing the training and any configuration tasks your lab is responsible for, and signing off when tasks are complete. You may be surprised how often unsuccessful implementations are actually the fault of the customer.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Implementation_details\">Implementation details<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:242px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Lab_Workers_at_work_with_laptop.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"e865c9104c4db8d0d4e672611c14225a\"><img alt=\"Lab Workers at work with laptop.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/51\/Lab_Workers_at_work_with_laptop.jpg\/240px-Lab_Workers_at_work_with_laptop.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"169\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Lab_Workers_at_work_with_laptop.jpg\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"e865c9104c4db8d0d4e672611c14225a\"><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>The implementation itself can be quite simple for a pretty standard system. The minimum scenario would be one to five users, no customization, no configurations beyond standard setup (name the lab's location and any departments, add users\/passwords, lab logo, address, etc. to report, enter contacts), no interfaces and around two hours of training (online, recorded for reference). And if the solution is cloud-hosted there is no time (money) wasted in buying and\/or setting up servers, firewalls, etc., so the LIMS itself can be in place and running in a day. The rest is up to you, it's a function of how much time you put in to do the setup, so figure something like a week to three weeks to go live (a little more if your schedule is tight).\n<p>A larger and\/or more comprehensive implementation can include several components and be rolled out in phases over one to three months or so. In fact, you can be operational manually for as long as you need to be, bringing instrument interfaces in over time as budget permits, which allows you to begin using the LIMS earlier. \n<\/p><p>All of the phases and their deliverables have price tags associated with them. Your total cost is a function of the license fee or subscription plus the work the vendor performs. The work they do (and the work you do) is what constitutes the implementation and its phases. They can include (in order):\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Project management: The LIMS company will provide a project manager to coordinate with you and make sure all deliverables are implemented on time and according to the contract. The cost of this is a function of their hours, which begin at the initial meeting (kickoff) and end once your system goes live and all deliverables have been met.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Kickoff meeting: This is the initial get-together between your project manager and theirs. Review the SOW and the plan to implement it, and clarify resource and time commitments and responsibilities, making sure the schedule works for everybody.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> System installation: If it's to be an onsite installation, then your system administrator and the LIMS vendor's technical representatives will need to work closely to make sure this is done properly. If the vendor is hosting it for you, the system should be spun up and available for you to log in to within a day or so.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Gap analysis: This is the identification or verification of the gap between the system as installed and the system as fully functional according to the contract. There should not be any surprises here! If there are (and not good ones), the vendor should rectify them speedily and at no extra charge.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Work plan (system acceptance test plan): This is the deliverable that spells out essentially what was discussed in the kickoff, with the gap analysis factored in. It's what will be worked towards in order to get to a fully functional, contractually complete system. It should include all tasks, including your verification and sign-off of each deliverable.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> LIMS administrator training: Whether a small and simple setup or something more complex, this is important and integral. Get it online and record it if you can. That way you can refer to it as often as you need to, and also use it to train new administrators. Not to mention it's a lot cheaper than paying the vendor to train you onsite.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Configuration and customization: This is really the bulk portion of implementation. It includes the standard configuration of the LIMS, plus any extras: instrument interfaces, system\/software\/agency interfaces, additional custom reports, screen modifications, new fields, etc. (beyond standard setup), adding tests (the LIMS should allow you to make your own), custom notifications\/alerts, web portal configuration, additional training, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> System validation and acceptance: This should be going on throughout the implementation as you sign off on each completed task. Then the final acceptance of the complete system is simply a matter of final overall review and sign-off. A more comprehensive validation involves test scripts for each function, and you will need to go through each, noting pass\/fail and any comments. If more work is needed to bring things up to full acceptance level, the vendor (or you, if it was your responsibility) should apply whatever resources necessary to swiftly bring the items to acceptance level.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> User training: Like admin training, user training is essential for a professional, dedicated system like a LIMS. And in the same way, online training by job function is the most effective method, enabling recorded sessions to be referred back to by the trainees and used for repeat and additional staff training.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Go-live support: As with any new system as fundamental to operations as a LIMS, it is a great contributor to a successful launch if the vendor's support staff are readily available during the initial \"go-live\" period. This may be a few days, a week or two, or a month, depending on complexity, number of users\/samples, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> One year (times X) maintenance and support: This recurring item can be included with your monthly or annual subscription if your LIMS is a software as a service (SaaS) cloud-hosted one. Otherwise, if you purchase licenses (the vendor may still offer cloud-hosting if you want), then this is a separate annual fee. It's usually wise to include this, at least for the first few years so that updates and upgrades are included, and support hours help your users as they become more comfortable and proficient. Cost usually is around 15-20% of original license fee annually, or bundled into a subscription automatically.<\/li><\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"A_final_consideration_for_cannabis_testing_labs\">A final consideration for cannabis testing labs<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Lab_Services.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"efed5d93f165e2ee2ce362204d3a62fb\"><img alt=\"Lab Services.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/4e\/Lab_Services.png\/400px-Lab_Services.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>Diversification is a smart approach. There are two types of labs who may be considering a LIMS: those that already exist, and startups. If you are an existing lab, either you already do testing in other industries and want to extend into cannabis since it seems to be a fast-growing opportunity and you already have the right equipment (or are willing to purchase more), or you are currently doing cannabis testing and simply want to derive the benefits that a LIMS brings. If you are a startup, you may be deciding just where your testing services should begin and end. Obviously, instrumentation is central to that, as is whether you have qualified microbiologists, etc. Unfortunately, many make the mistake of neglecting the need for a professional LIMS to manage the most precious asset of a lab: its data and reports. It's important to count that among your startup or expansion costs. From a business standpoint, no matter which category you fall under, you will want to minimize risk while maximizing income. To that end, diversification makes a lot of sense.\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"The_three_scenarios\">The three scenarios<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>1. <b>Existing non-cannabis testing lab<\/b> (food, nutraceuticals, environmental, etc.): You probably already have a lot of the instrumentation and qualified staff to do cannabis testing, testing for molds\/fungus, pesticides, contaminants, etc. So why not add cannabinoids and terpenes, joining the trending industry? This makes all kinds of sense. You are being more efficient with your investments, gaining additional return on those expensive instruments. And your risk is mitigated by the fact that you already have a sustainable market, so if pot goes, er, to pot, you can just refocus on your original offerings.\n<\/p><p>2. <b>Existing cannabis testing lab<\/b>: If you're already doing full testing for cannabis, you have all of the right instrumentation and capabilities to analyze other substances, so why not get full benefit from your considerable investment? The more income sources, the better. Consider offering commercial analysis for non-cannabis-related food and beverage producers, nutraceutical manufacturers, and any number of firms and organizations who require environmental sampling and testing. You can probably think of other opportunities as well. Every additional kind of customer contributes a little more hedge against market variations and\/or unforeseen disastrous eventualities in your main industry. And that can mean the difference between survival and closing up shop.\n<\/p><p>3. <b>Startup cannabis testing lab<\/b>: Unless you are planning on simply doing extraction, you will be investing substantially so that you can perform the comprehensive sets of analyses that will allow you to successfully compete in this rapidly-expanding industry. It only makes sense, then, to utilize those capabilities fully so that you can maximize your income streams. The more you expand your markets and widen your methods library to stretch your instruments to their fullest capabilities, the greater your income.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Plan_for_Success\">Plan for Success<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The ability to handle a wide variety of testing, with easy addition of more tests, sample types, limits, different types of results data and varied reporting needs will all be vital features to look for in considering your LIMS. A purpose-built cannabis testing LIMS may be an attractive low-cost option, but if it doesn't allow you to be flexible in diversification, it may end up being a barrier to increasing income and\/or ensuring survival.\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.020 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.034 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 39\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 48\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 2\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Evaluating_and_Implementing_a_LIMS_for_Cannabis_Testing\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Evaluating_and_Implementing_a_LIMS_for_Cannabis_Testing<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","6b62e0ae063c3bd9935a94049e6bc5e4_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/1\/19\/Cannabis_Assign_Test.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/d6\/Budgeting.jpg\/800px-Budgeting.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/8\/86\/Computer-based_Training_Facing_Right.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c2\/Lab_Generic.jpeg\/800px-Lab_Generic.jpe","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/51\/Lab_Workers_at_work_with_laptop.jpg\/480px-Lab_Workers_at_work_with_laptop.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/4\/4e\/Lab_Services.png"],"6b62e0ae063c3bd9935a94049e6bc5e4_timestamp":1610467625,"215c53df299701d4ec1bbcae57e9da06_type":"article","215c53df299701d4ec1bbcae57e9da06_title":"Regulatory Compliance and Standardization: An Overview","215c53df299701d4ec1bbcae57e9da06_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis","215c53df299701d4ec1bbcae57e9da06_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tRegulatory Compliance - Cannabis \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tContents\n\n1 Federal and state regulation \n\n1.1 Federal regulation of cannabis \n1.2 State and local regulation \n1.3 Standardization \n\n\n2 Regulation resources \n\n2.1 References \n\n\n\n\n\nFederal and state regulation \nNot long ago most states were a new frontier with regard to cannabis testing standards and regulations, and in some cases pretty much anyone could set themselves up as a testing lab with nothing more than a simple\u2014and dangerously insufficient and inaccurate\u2014test kit. But today, regulations are beginning to be mandated.\nLike the state of California has done with its various state agencies[1], other states that have legalized cannabis for medical use, adult consumption or both have also established government agencies or departments to oversee cannabis regulation or assigned those responsibilities to existing agencies. For instance, with the voters in Massachusetts having approved adult recreational use in November 2016, the state created a new agency called the Cannabis Control Commission.[2] Back in 2013, Washington State charged its Liquor Control Board with developing a plan for regulating cannabis testing labs.[3] There are also various validation consultants and companies who have begun to specialize in this industry. And of course the big news is that California finally updated and passed its temporary measures into law in January 2019, with California Code of Regulations Title 16, Division 42, Bureau of Cannabis Control, with Chapter 6 the relevant section for laboratories. The vagaries of its initial regulations have been honed into specifics regarding required testing, even regarding methods, thresholds, limits and how the COA needs to look.[4] \nHowever, despite strong state-specific efforts, regulations still vary from state to state and in Canada and Uruguay. In 2017, it was suggested that, to bring about more consistency, it may require the federal government \"to set up policy guardrails to steer state regulatory systems\" in a more unified and safe direction.[5] Additionally, the unified efforts of standards organizations and professional associations may also help to bring even more consistency to testing. However, the advent of California's detailed guidance, along with Canada's (more relaxed and public health system-oriented) controls and those of other states, finds states or countries contemplating legalization in 2019 with a much better understanding and selection of paradigms on which to model their own regulations. \nIn the case of Canada, the previous testing requirements and standards for medical cannabis were joined by a new set of pesticide testing requirements for recreational and medical cannabis in 2019.[6]\nMuch of what follows comes directly from Chapter 2 of Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States on LIMSwiki.\n\nFederal regulation of cannabis \nOn October 27, 1970, the Controlled Substances Act put into place five schedules or classifications of drugs that would be regulated in some fashion, and drugs were initially classified into those schedules, followed by annual reviews and updates.[7] Marijuana was initially placed under Schedule I[7] and remains there today.[8][9][10] As a Schedule I drug, the federal government is indicating marijuana has[7]:\n \"a high potential for abuse\";\n \"no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States\"; and\n \"a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision\".\nThen came the Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1973, which took existing enforcement entities such as the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs and placed them into a new, unified entity called the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).[11][12] Then President Richard Nixon said of the transition[11]:\n\nThe enforcement work could benefit significantly, however, from consolidation of our anti-drug forces under a single unified command. Right now the Federal Government is fighting the war on drug abuse under a distinct handicap, for its efforts are those of a loosely confederated alliance facing a resourceful, elusive, worldwide enemy.\nThe DEA was given numerous responsibilities, including but not limited to the development of enforcement strategy; investigation and prosecution preparation of suspects violating federal law; regulation of drugs and other controlled substances; and coordination and cooperation with state and local government drug enforcement efforts.[11] Since then the DEA has taken various steps\u2014with guidance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)[13]\u2014to regulate and enforce the availability and use of controlled substances such as marijuana. As the decriminalization and legalization efforts of states have increased in past decades, this has brought federal regulation and enforcement conflicts to those states that have decriminalized and legalized, largely due to the federal government's insistence on maintaining marijuana as a Schedule I drug.[14][15]\nNumerous changes in policy and controversies have occurred since the Controlled Substance Act and DEA were implemented, including a 22-year-long effort by the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) to have marijuana rescheduled (1972\u20131994).[16] However, the following talking points represent the most recent important federal-level changes and rulings that impact federal regulation of and enforcement of laws relating to cannabis.\nOctober 19, 2009: The Ogden Memorandum\nDeputy Attorney General David W. Ogden issued a memorandum \"intended solely as a guide to the exercise of investigative and prosecutorial discretion\" in regards to state-based laws allowing medical cannabis.[17] The guidance essentially told U.S. attorneys to not prosecute those entities complying fully with state cannabis laws. Researchers generally agree that this memo acted \"as a catalyst for expansion of [state-sanctioned and gray market] cannabis supply in states with poorly defined regulations,\" though the degree to which it influenced such growth remains poorly documented and requires further investigation.[18] To be sure, it likely had some effect, as the number of licensed patients using medical marijuana in the state of Colorado increased from 4,800 in 2008 to 41,000 in 2009, and operating dispensaries jumped to more than 900 by mid-2010.[19]\nJune 29, 2011: The Cole Memorandum 1\nDeputy Attorney General James M. Cole issued a memo as a follow-up to the Ogden Memo, muddying the waters in the process. While stating that the stance of efficiently using department resources as outlined in the Ogden Memo still stood, Cole also made it clear that large grow-ops that didn't qualify as \"caregivers\" had sprung up since.[20] The language of the memo essentially said \"get off your butts and nail those suckers.\"[21] Cambron et al.[18] and Fairman[22] suggest this memo had some impact as evidenced by declines in cannabis patient registration from 2011\u20132013 in Colorado, Michigan, and Montana.\nAugust 29, 2013: The Cole Memorandum 2\nDeputy Attorney General James M. Cole issued a follow-up memo to his original two years later, following 1. on the heels of then President Obama reiterating publicly that the Department of Justice (DoJ) was to not focus unnecessarily on states that had passed legalization laws and 2. Washington and Colorado legalizing recreational use of cannabis.[18] The second memorandum sought to reduce the emphasis on the size of the grow-op and increase emphasis on\u2014using a case-by-case basis\u2014\"whether the operation is demonstrably in compliance with a strong and effective state regulatory system.\"[23] The memo also clarified specific cases where federal enforcement would be warranted, including distribution to minors, interstate transport, and preventing drugged driving (though it didn't state how). Generally speaking, states saw little federal intervention except in the case of state law being broken or requiring dispensaries to move further away from schools.[24][18] Despite the memo, some attorneys continued to see Cole Memorandum 2 as nothing more than unclear language that had no legal weight for anxious growers and distributors in states where cannabis was legalized.[21]\nDecember 16, 2014 to current: Joyce Amendment\nA tenuous truce of sorts arrived with the passage of the Rohrabacher-Farr (later Rohrabacher-Blumenauer, today Joyce) Amendment in December 2014. The amendment prohibited the DoJ from spending funds to prevent or enforce against state laws that allow for medical marijuana cultivation, distribution, and use, particularly when those actions are performed consistently with those state laws.[25] Before being passed in December 2014, the amendment had actually been introduced and defeated six times in the previous 10 years.[26] The DoJ later went on to challenge the amendment on several occasions, from U.S. v. Marin Alliance for Medical Marijuana in 2015 to a collection of 10 different cases from California and Washington in 2016. In all these instances, the courts ruled against the DoJ, setting precedent against further department action.[27][28]\nOne of the downsides of Rohrabacher-Farr is that it has essentially acted as a short-term rider attached to several spending bills since December 2014. Due again for renewal in April 2017, and with the new Trump administration coalescing\u2014including Trump's demonstrably anti-drug U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions\u2014some in the industry were concerned the amendment would not be renewed, opening the door again for the DoJ to implement stronger enforcement.[29][30][31][32][33] However, the Amendment continued to live on as the Rohrabacher-Blumenauer Amendment, with Rep. Earl Blumenauer taking over as co-lead with the retirement of Rep. Farr. Alternative bills had continued to be proposed in the meantime, including a more permanent version of Rohrabacher-Blumenauer introduced by Representative Dana Rohrabacher of California; however, Speaker Paul Ryan implemented rules prohibiting amendments to budgetary legislation, and the fact remained that Congress was still reluctant in hearing bills that would change the country's marijuana laws.[34][35]\nThe Rohrabacher-Blumenauer amendment was renewed through December 8, 2018[36] However, earlier in the year, Rep. David Joyce submitted an amendment to protect against federal intrusions on medical marijuana patients abiding by state cannabis laws. Passing in May 2018 and acting the same as Rohrabacher-Blumenauer, the new Joyce Amendment was good through the 2019 fiscal year.[37] However, vows by President Trump in late 2018 to shut down the government \"for border security\"[38] left some to wonder if a shutdown would affect the continuity of the Joyce Amendment.[39] In June 2019, a modified version of Rohrabacher-Blumenauer by Blumenauer-McClintock-Norton was approved by the U.S. House, which added on protections for adult-use cannabis users as well as medical cannabis users.[40] It was attached to a large-scale appropriations bill[41][42], but the broader version was removed last-minute, leaving only the original protections for medical cannabis.[43] However, it's not clear if the original Rohrabacher-Blumenauer will be approved under the 2021 federal budget plan, as President Trump has reportedly pushed back against its inclusion.[42][41][43]\nAugust 11, 2016: DEA denies petition to reschedule marijuana out of Schedule I\nA request made by two governors and a psychiatric nurse practitioner to the DEA asking it to reschedule marijuana into any other schedule other than Schedule I was denied, as had been done with previous attempts in 2009 and 2011.[8][9][10] Reasons included known health issues such as prenatal exposure and negative impacts on several biological systems, as well as limited research data and new drug applications.[14] At the same time, however, the DEA also recognized the need for further research and the lack of legal marijuana sources for researchers, publishing a policy statement stating intent \"to increase the lawful supply of marijuana available to researchers.\"[44] However, that statement of intent has not been acted upon as of December 2018.[45][46]\nDecember 2018: Congress votes to reconcile and approve the 2018 Farm Bill\nIn April 2018, Majority Leader Mitch McConnell introduced the Hemp Farming Act of 2018, which later found its way into the 2018 Farm Bill. On November 29, lawmakers \"struck a deal in principle\" to finalize the 2018 Farm Bill, which, if passed, would remove industrial hemp from the Controlled Substance Act's definition of \"marijuana\" as well as strike it from Schedule I.[47][48][49] On December 20, 2018, President Trump signed the Farm Bill into law, legalizing the cultivation and sale of hemp at the federal level.[50] With this, expectations were that this would represent a logical next step that will eventually see the U.S. government take further action to legalize derivative products and even cannabis.[48] However, despite hemp legalization, legal experts such as those at The National Law Review note additional problems arising, particularly in the realm of cannabidiol (CBD) derived from industrial hemp. Citing a \"schizophrenic\" state of law across federal and state governments and agencies regarding the status of CBD, expectations are such that the FDA may step up enforcement of CBD infractions, and civil suits against manufacturers who make unjust medical claims about CBD-infused products may rise in number.[49] In fact, some of the first significant warnings were made by the FDA in November 2019, sending warning letters to 15 companies for violating terms of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as well as violating marketing and formulation regulations.[51]\nJanuary 15, 2020: House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Health Subcommittee holds first ever cannabis-related hearing\nThe House Health Subcommittee of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce has held its first ever cannabis hearing, titled \"Cannabis Policies for the New Decade.\" Though no votes or updates to legislation came out of the hearing, much debate over existing and future legislation took place. The primary focus of the hearing was the discussion surrounding cannabis research and cannabis' current scheduling, as well as the problems that come from it. While the committee members agreed that more government-authorized cannabis farms for research materials, as well as more researchers, were needed, there was much disagreement about how to go about with either rescheduling or descheduling cannabis. Bills in various stages of process were discussed, including H.R. 171 on rescheduling THC-containing cannabis to Schedule II, H.R. 601 on producing more research-grade cannabis, and H.R. 2843 on removing cannabis from scheduling, though with numerous stipulations. While nothing specific was resolved, Subcommittee Chairwoman Anna Eshoo reportedly indicated that future hearings would be held, which may include non-agency stakeholders.[52]\nDecember 4, 2020: The MORE Act is approved by the House\nAs proposed, the Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement (MORE) Act, introduced by Representatives Nydia M. Vel\u00e1zquez and Jared Golden, \"decriminalizes marijuana at the federal level while enabling states to set their regulatory policies without the threat of federal intervention.\"[53] (It also contains provisions to \"make it easier for cannabis businesses legal under state laws to get help from\" the Small Business Administration (SBA).[54][55][56]) The House voted to pass the legislation in early December 2020, but it was expected to go nowhere in the Senate later that month.[57] With changes in the makeup of the Senate in January 2021, a reasonable chance exists that the MORE Act, or a modified version of it, could work its way through the Congress.[58]\n\nState and local regulation \nAs of January 2021, thirty-seven U.S. states and the District of Columbia have put some sort of broad decriminalization or legalization laws for cannabis on the books.[59] In October 1973, Oregon became the first state to enact decriminalization laws for marijuana, imposing a $100 fine for possession of less than an ounce. Eleven other states followed a similar path within five years.[60] The next wave of changes began with the passage of medical marijuana legislation in California\u2014the Compassionate Use Act\u2014in November 1996, followed by similar legislation in Oregon and Alaska in 1998, Maine in 1999, and Colorado, Hawaii, and Nevada in 2000.[18][61] Other states continued to add decriminalization and medical marijuana laws in the 2000s. But it wasn't until 2012 that Colorado and Washington became the first states to make recreational marijuana legal, followed by Alaska, Oregon, and the District of Columbia in 2014.[18] Colorado, Maine, Massachusetts, and Nevada followed suit in 2016[62], with Michigan doing the same in 2018.[63]\nAs shown by Cambron et al. in 2016 (before the November election results)[18], dispensaries, possession limits, and interstate ID card acceptance can vary significantly among affected states. California, Colorado, Michigan, Oregon, and Washington lead in number of dispensaries; Massachusetts, Oregon, and Washington in maximum possession limits; and Arizona plus five others allowed ID cards from other states. Yet allowed dispensaries can number in the single digits, possession limits can be as low as one ounce, and numerous states still don't honor ID cards from other states.[18]\nThen there's the matter of state differences in testing, enforcement, advertising allowances, etc. It helps to turn to professional associations and organizations\u2014who often lead the charge for improved, more relevant standards\u2014to sort through the variances. The Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), for example, has published its Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs to help sort through the confusing tangle of existing testing laws, where they exist. They exemplify this variation of law in their document[64]:\n\nAs with most programs in the United States, every state takes a different approach. For example as of January 2016, New Jersey\u2019s Public Health & Environmental Laboratories only test cannabis plant material. Just across the Hudson, however, New York\u2019s Public Health Laboratory will not be testing any plant material, only cannabis extracts. In addition, the New York Department of Health will provide an oversight role for commercial cannabis laboratories that are licensed by the federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and approved for testing cannabis products. On the other hand, New Jersey state government does all testing in-house for the medical cannabis program.\nAs such, unlike their federal counterpart, it's difficult to make broad generalizations about cannabis regulations and their enforcement in the states. It becomes even more difficult when examining states that don't have clear, well-considered regulations or strong enforcement powers. Cambron et al. emphasized this issue in regards to the supply side, saying: \"States without clearly defined regulations for medical cannabis supply have fostered gray markets for cannabis whereby individuals without documented medical conditions are able to easily obtain medical cannabis authorizations. This scenario has created substantial challenges for law enforcement in multiple states.\"[18]\nCole et al. argue that in the end, it will take pressure on the federal government \"to set up policy guardrails to steer state regulatory systems\" in a more unified and safe direction. Drugged driving, use by minors, interstate distribution, relation to crime and firearms, consumer safety, and advertising are all issues the government should be tackling towards that goal, they say. Not that states aren't addressing these regulatory concerns; they are, but not in consistent ways.[5]\n\nStandardization \nWhile federal, state, and local governments wrestle with the regulatory frameworks surrounding cannabis, scientists and government officials are carrying on, doing what they can to harmonize those regulations with emerging industry standards and guidelines. For example, state officials from Colorado, New Mexico, Oregon, and Washington teamed up to give a presentation called \"State Regulatory Approaches to Cannabis Testing, Operations and Product Logistics\" at the July 2016 Cannabis Quality, Strategies and Solutions Summit. That presentation focused on the harmonization of regulatory standards and frameworks across states, as well as discussions of what scientific efforts are required to support those standards and frameworks.[65] Additionally, organizations such as Americans for Safe Access Foundation (ASAF), American Herbal Pharmacopoeia (AHP), American Herbal Products Association (AHPA), Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC), and the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) have been developing standards, methods, and certifications for analysis, extraction, labeling, and laboratory operations surrounding medical (and recreational) marijuana.[66][67][68][69][70][71] \nNotable among those organizations is the Foundation of Cannabis Unified Standards (FOCUS), which worked to produce internationally applicable voluntary consensus standards for various parts of the cannabis business chain, including cultivation, extraction, laboratory testing, and packaging. FOCUS completed its public review process and finalized its standards in July 2016, though at that time it wasn't clear how to gain access to them.[72] New information came to light in March 2017, when FOCUS and ASTM International announced a collaboration between the two entities, which in April 2017 saw the formation of volunteer committee D37 at ASTM and the further adaptation of FOCUS' standards to future ASTM releases.[73][74] \nThe newly formed Committee D37 agreed to pursue cannabis standardization in six key areas[75][76]:\n\n indoor and outdoor horticulture and agriculture: e.g., pest management, water considerations, environmental site assessment, and sustainability\n quality management systems: e.g., quality considerations, due diligence\n laboratory testing: e.g., sampling, stability testing, purity testing, analytical methods, and proficiency testing\n processing and handling: e.g., drying and curing, exposure management, waste management, storage\n security and transportation: e.g., packaging, shipping management, risk assessment and mitigation, occupational health and safety\n training, assessment, and credentialing: e.g., laboratory training, clean room management, quality inspection, patient and physician education\nSince its founding in April 2017, Committee D37 has made strides towards its goals. Meeting every January and June[77], D37 has made progress on developing several standards and creating a set of standardized terminology to be used across them.[78] Its first two approved standards arrived in May 2018, concerning testing methods for determining water activity in cannabis samples, as well as the range of water activity that is \"safe and effective\" for storing samples.[79] In August 2018, the committee announced a new standards project that would result in two guides that \"will provide sampling procedures critical in generating accurate laboratory results, which in turn could lead to improved consumer safety.\"[80] By October 2018, ASTM Committee D37 had agreed to work with the International Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute (ICCI) to mutually develop standards for the cannabis industry.[81] Since then a variety of other standards have been developed through the cooperative agreement[82], with more standards in the preparation phase, including standards for determining cannabinoid concentrations, residual solvents, and pesticide amounts.[83]\nIn addition to ASTM's Committee D37, the AOAC and its Cannabis Analytical Science Program (CASP) has also been recently active in developing standards for cannabis laboratory testing. In August 2018, the AOAC's CASP finalized its first \"Standard Method Performance Requirement\" or \"SMPR,\" which is a set of \"minimum recommended performance characteristics to be used during the evaluation of a method.\" Within the AOAC, they're also used for the \"evaluation of validation study data for method[s] being considered for Performance Tested Methods or AOAC Official Methods of Analysis.\" The first SMPR addressed identifying and quantifying pesticides in dried cannabis materials.[84] In September 2019, they approved an SMPR for analyzing cannabinoids in hemp (i.e., low THC cannabis varieties). This was followed up a month later by the release of an SMPR for determining residual solvents in cannabis derivatives, as well as one for detecting the Aspergillus fungus in cannabis.[85] The USDA has reportedly adopted the AOAC's cannabinoid testing standard as part of its Domestic Hemp Production Program, further cementing the standard into more common use.[85] The CASP has set a goal to develop and adopt an additional six cannabis- or hemp-based SMPRs, as well as several official methods, by the end of 2020.[86]\n\nRegulation resources \nThere are a couple of resources that help provide guidance on where to go to see the various laws that do exist regarding cannabis generally and testing specifically:\n\n Fox Rothschild's National Survey on Marijuana Laws and Regulations\n California State Regulations Title 16, Division 42 Bureau of Cannabis Control \n Leafly's \"Cannabis testing regulations: A state-by-state guide\"\n National Conference of State Legislatures' \"State Medical Marijuana Laws\" \n ProCon.org's Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC\n ProCon.org's \"Legal Recreational Marijuana States and DC\"\n Washington State I-502 \"Testing Facility Criteria\"\n Canada Cannabis Testing Regulations\nBeyond that, accessing the specific government websites will lead to the applicable regulatory information in most cases.\n\nReferences \n\n\n\u2191 \"California Cannabis Portal\". State of California. https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/ . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Cannabis Control Commission. \"About the Commission\". Commonwealth of Massachusetts. https:\/\/mass-cannabis-control.com\/about-us-2\/ . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Anderson, W.H. (26 August 2013). \"Cannabis Testing Labs: Standards and Accreditation\". Washington State Liquor Control Board. https:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/publications\/Marijuana\/BOTEC%20reports\/2b_Accrediting_Labs_Final_10_15_13.pdf . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 State of California. \"California Code of Regulations Title 16. Professional and Vocational Regulations Division 42. Bureau of Cannabis Control\". Thomson Reuters Westlaw. https:\/\/govt.westlaw.com\/calregs\/Browse\/Home\/California\/CaliforniaCodeofRegulations?guid=I57220DEBD2E54B1BB1EC67A6467E2F2E&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default) . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 5.0 5.1 Cole, T.; Trumble, S.; Hatalsky, L.E. (17 February 2016). \"All State Marijuana Laws Are Not Created Equal\". Third Way. https:\/\/www.thirdway.org\/report\/all-state-marijuana-laws-are-not-created-equal . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Beggan, P. (11 December 2018). \"Canada Unveils New Cannabis Testing Standards For 2019\". Ganjapreneur. https:\/\/www.ganjapreneur.com\/canada-unveils-new-cannabis-testing-standards-for-2019 . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 7.0 7.1 7.2 \"\u00a7812. Schedules of controlled substances\". United States Code. U.S. Government Publishing Office. 03 January 2012. https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title21\/html\/USCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm . Retrieved 27 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 8.0 8.1 Leger, D.L. (11 August 2016). \"Marijuana to remain illegal under federal law, DEA says\". USA. Today. Gannett Company. http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/2016\/08\/11\/dea-marijuana-remains-illegal-under-federal-law\/88550804\/ . Retrieved 20 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 9.0 9.1 Joseph, A. (10 August 2016). \"DEA decision keeps major restrictions in place on marijuana research\". STAT. Boston Globe Media. https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2016\/08\/10\/marijuana-medical-research-dea\/ . Retrieved 25 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 10.0 10.1 Grubbs, A. (13 August 2016). \"DEA Declines Request to Reclassify Marijuana, Citiing Its 'High Potential for Abuse'\". CNSNews. Media Research Center. http:\/\/www.cnsnews.com\/news\/article\/alex-grubbs\/dea-declines-request-reclassify-marijuana-citiing-its-high-potential-abuse . Retrieved 27 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 11.0 11.1 11.2 \"Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1973\". United States Code. U.S. Government Publishing Office. 03 January 2012. https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title5\/html\/USCODE-2011-title5-app-reorganiz-other-dup96.htm . 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National Law Forum, LLC. http:\/\/www.natlawreview.com\/article\/four-more-states-pass-new-marijuana-laws-california-maine-massachusetts-nevada . Retrieved 01 February 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Chappell, B. (07 November 2018). \"Voters Relax Marijuana Laws In 3 More States: Michigan, Utah, Missouri\". NPR. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/11\/07\/665161814\/3-more-states-ok-easing-their-marijuana-laws-michigan-utah-missouri . Retrieved 13 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 Association of Public Health Laboratories (May 2016). \"Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs\" (PDF). pp. 35. https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf . Retrieved 01 February 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Cannabis Quality, Strategies and Solutions Summit - Agenda\" (PDF). Information Forecast, Inc. July 2016. http:\/\/chernislaw.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/NEW-Cannabis-Quality-Summit-Main-Summit-Agenda.pdf . Retrieved 02 February 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 \"New Certification Program Brings Quality Assurance to the Medical Marijuana Industry\". Information Forecast, Inc. 2016. http:\/\/infocastinc.com\/industries\/new-certification-program-brings-quality-assurance-to-the-medical-marijuana-industry\/ . Retrieved 02 February 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Cannabis Committee, AHPA (02 February 2016). \"Recommendations for Regulators \u2013 Cannabis Operations\" (PDF). American Herbal Products Association. http:\/\/www.ahpa.org\/Portals\/0\/pdfs\/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf .   \n\n\u2191 Upton, R.; Craker, L.; ElSohly, M. et al., ed. (2014). Cannabis Inflorescence: Cannabis spp.. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. ISBN 1929425333. http:\/\/www.herbal-ahp.org\/order_online.htm .   \n\n\u2191 Project CBD; Marcu, J. (16 March 2016). \"Jahan Marcu: Cannabis Lab Testing & Safety Protocols\". Project CBD. Project CBD. https:\/\/www.projectcbd.org\/article\/jahan-marcu-cannabis-lab-testing-safety-protocols . Retrieved 03 February 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Erickson, B.E. (13 November 2017). \"Cleaning up cannabis\". Chemical & Engineering News. American Chemical Society. https:\/\/cen.acs.org\/articles\/95\/i45\/Cleaning-cannabis.html . Retrieved 15 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 Cassiday, L. (October 2016). \"The Highs and Lows of Cannabis Testing\". INFORM. American Oil Chemists' Society. https:\/\/www.aocs.org\/stay-informed\/read-inform\/featured-articles\/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016 . Retrieved 03 February 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Public Review Completes Development Process\". FOCUS. 2016. http:\/\/www.focusstandards.org\/public-review-of-cannabis-standards\/ . Retrieved 16 February 2016 .   \n\n\u2191 Biros, A.G. (02 March 2017). \"ASTM International Launches Cannabis Committee\". Cannabis Industry Journal. Innovative Publishing Co. LLC. https:\/\/www.cannabisindustryjournal.com\/news_article\/astm-international-launches-cannabis-committee\/ . Retrieved 10 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Committee D37 on Cannabis (Pending approval from the ASTM Board of Directors, April 26, 2017)\". ASTM International. 01 March 2017. https:\/\/www.astm.org\/COMMITTEE\/D37.htm .   \n\n\u2191 Maxwell, J. (May 2017). \"The Need for Cannabis Standards\". ASTM Standardization News. ASTM International. https:\/\/www.astm.org\/standardization-news\/?q=features\/need-cannabis-standards-mj17.html . Retrieved 14 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 Morgan, R. (29 March 2018). \"ASTM International Committee D37 on Cannabis: The Road to Consensus Standards\". LabRoots. https:\/\/www.labroots.com\/webinar\/astm-international-committee-d37-cannabis-road-consensus-standards . Retrieved 14 November 2018 . \"At 20:25 of the webinar\"   \n\n\u2191 \"Committee D37 on Cannabis\". ASTM International. 2018. https:\/\/www.astm.org\/COMMITTEE\/D37.htm . Retrieved 14 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 May, M. (21 February 2018). \"ASTM D37 Cannabis Committee Looks to Expand its Reach in 2018\". Analytical Cannabis. Technology Networks. https:\/\/www.analyticalcannabis.com\/articles\/astm-d37-cannabis-committee-looks-to-expand-its-reach-in-2018-297750 . Retrieved 14 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 \"ASTM International Cannabis Committee Approves First Two Standards\". ASTM International. 18 May 2018. https:\/\/www.astm.org\/cms\/drupal-7.51\/newsroom\/astm-international-cannabis-committee-approves-first-two-standards . Retrieved 14 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 ASTM International (23 August 2018). \"ASTM Announces New International Standard Projects to Help Reduce Hazards in Cannabis Processing and Cannabis Sampling Procedures\". Cannabis Business Executive. https:\/\/www.cannabisbusinessexecutive.com\/2018\/08\/astm-international-standard-underway-help-reduce-hazards-cannabis-processing\/ . Retrieved 14 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 \"International Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute (ICCI) and ASTM International Sign MOU on Cannabis Standards\". ASTM International. 19 October 2018. https:\/\/www.astm.org\/newsroom\/international-cannabis-and-cannabinoids-institute-icci-and-astm-international-sign-mou . Retrieved 20 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 \"ASTM Site Search : News Releases about D37\". ASTM International. https:\/\/www.astm.org\/search\/fullsite-search.html?query=astm&resStart=0&resLength=10&toplevel=news&sublevel=news-releases&newsroomCategory=standards-technical-committee-news&maincomms=D37 . Retrieved 20 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Subcommittee D37.03 on Laboratory\". ASTM International. https:\/\/www.astm.org\/COMMIT\/SUBCOMMIT\/D3703.htm . Retrieved 25 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (26 August 2018). \"AOAC SMPR 2018.011 - Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs) for Identification and Quantitation of Selected Pesticide Residues in Dried Cannabis Materials\" (PDF). https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/SMPR2018_011.pdf . Retrieved 25 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 85.0 85.1 Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (12 November 2019). \"New guidelines require laboratories to meet AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirements for Quantitation of Cannabinoids in Hemp\". AOAC News. https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/news\/aoac-cannabinoid-standard-in-usda-guidelines\/ . Retrieved 25 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (November 2019). \"CASP 2020 Member Prospectus\" (PDF). https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/CASP-Prospectus-2020.-11_25.pdf . Retrieved 25 February 2020 .   \n\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 8 January 2021, at 21:41.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 13,586 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","215c53df299701d4ec1bbcae57e9da06_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Regulatory Compliance - Cannabis<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\">\n\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Federal_and_state_regulation\">Federal and state regulation<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:BCC-Testing-Chart.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"c3c160756728d4514e5a9f58ae32c3e0\"><img alt=\"BCC-Testing-Chart.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0a\/BCC-Testing-Chart.jpg\/400px-BCC-Testing-Chart.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>Not long ago most states were a new frontier with regard to cannabis testing standards and regulations, and in some cases pretty much anyone could set themselves up as a testing lab with nothing more than a simple\u2014and dangerously insufficient and inaccurate\u2014test kit. But today, regulations are beginning to be mandated.\n<p>Like the state of California has done with its various state agencies<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CCP18_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CCP18-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>, other states that have legalized cannabis for medical use, adult consumption or both have also established government agencies or departments to oversee cannabis regulation or assigned those responsibilities to existing agencies. For instance, with the voters in Massachusetts having approved adult recreational use in November 2016, the state created a new agency called the Cannabis Control Commission.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MaaCCC_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MaaCCC-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup> Back in 2013, Washington State charged its Liquor Control Board with developing a plan for regulating cannabis testing labs.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LCB_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LCB-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> There are also various validation consultants and companies who have begun to specialize in this industry. And of course the big news is that California finally updated and passed its temporary measures into law in January 2019, with California Code of Regulations Title 16, Division 42, Bureau of Cannabis Control, with Chapter 6 the relevant section for laboratories. The vagaries of its initial regulations have been honed into specifics regarding required testing, even regarding methods, thresholds, limits and how the COA needs to look.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CalCannaRegs_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CalCannaRegs-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> \n<\/p><p>However, despite strong state-specific efforts, regulations still vary from state to state and in Canada and Uruguay. In 2017, it was suggested that, to bring about more consistency, it may require the federal government \"to set up policy guardrails to steer state regulatory systems\" in a more unified and safe direction.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ColeAll16_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ColeAll16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> Additionally, the unified efforts of standards organizations and professional associations may also help to bring even more consistency to testing. However, the advent of California's detailed guidance, along with Canada's (more relaxed and public health system-oriented) controls and those of other states, finds states or countries contemplating legalization in 2019 with a much better understanding and selection of paradigms on which to model their own regulations. \n<\/p><p>In the case of Canada, the previous testing requirements and standards for medical cannabis were joined by a new set of pesticide testing requirements for recreational and medical cannabis in 2019.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CanadaPest_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CanadaPest-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Much of what follows comes directly from Chapter 2 of <i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php?title=LII:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"limswiki:LII:Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States\" data-key=\"1df0af9cbc96b7412a0ae6a7f2279f68\">Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States<\/a><\/i> on LIMSwiki.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Federal_regulation_of_cannabis\">Federal regulation of cannabis<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Dea_color_logo.svg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"768f569b32363682db29f70d3fe66920\"><img alt=\"Dea color logo.svg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2a\/Dea_color_logo.svg\/250px-Dea_color_logo.svg.png\" width=\"250\" height=\"252\" \/><\/a><\/div>On October 27, 1970, the Controlled Substances Act put into place five schedules or classifications of drugs that would be regulated in some fashion, and drugs were initially classified into those schedules, followed by annual reviews and updates.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GPO21USC812_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GPO21USC812-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> Marijuana was initially placed under Schedule I<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GPO21USC812_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GPO21USC812-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> and remains there today.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LegerMari16_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LegerMari16-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-JosephDEA16_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-JosephDEA16-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GrubbsDEA16_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GrubbsDEA16-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> As a Schedule I drug, the federal government is indicating marijuana has<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GPO21USC812_7-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GPO21USC812-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<ul><li> \"a high potential for abuse\";<\/li>\n<li> \"no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States\"; and<\/li>\n<li> \"a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision\".<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Then came the Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1973, which took existing enforcement entities such as the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs and placed them into a new, unified entity called the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GPO5USCApp_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GPO5USCApp-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DEAHist7075_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DEAHist7075-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup> Then President Richard Nixon said of the transition<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GPO5USCApp_11-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GPO5USCApp-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>The enforcement work could benefit significantly, however, from consolidation of our anti-drug forces under a single unified command. Right now the Federal Government is fighting the war on drug abuse under a distinct handicap, for its efforts are those of a loosely confederated alliance facing a resourceful, elusive, worldwide enemy.<\/blockquote>\n<p>The DEA was given numerous responsibilities, including but not limited to the development of enforcement strategy; investigation and prosecution preparation of suspects violating federal law; regulation of drugs and other controlled substances; and coordination and cooperation with state and local government drug enforcement efforts.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GPO5USCApp_11-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GPO5USCApp-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> Since then the DEA has taken various steps\u2014with guidance from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HamiltonTheFDA16_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HamiltonTheFDA16-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>\u2014to regulate and enforce the availability and use of controlled substances such as marijuana. As the decriminalization and legalization efforts of states have increased in past decades, this has brought federal regulation and enforcement conflicts to those states that have decriminalized and legalized, largely due to the federal government's insistence on maintaining marijuana as a Schedule I drug.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Romza-KutzTheSilver16_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Romza-KutzTheSilver16-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HudakTheCon15_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HudakTheCon15-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Numerous changes in policy and controversies have occurred since the Controlled Substance Act and DEA were implemented, including a 22-year-long effort by the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) to have marijuana rescheduled (1972\u20131994).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DPAMAPSTheDEA14_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DPAMAPSTheDEA14-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup> However, the following talking points represent the most recent important federal-level changes and rulings that impact federal regulation of and enforcement of laws relating to cannabis.\n<\/p><p><b>October 19, 2009: The Ogden Memorandum<\/b>\n<\/p><p>Deputy Attorney General David W. Ogden issued a memorandum \"intended solely as a guide to the exercise of investigative and prosecutorial discretion\" in regards to state-based laws allowing medical cannabis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-OgdenMemor09_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-OgdenMemor09-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup> The guidance essentially told U.S. attorneys to not prosecute those entities complying fully with state cannabis laws. Researchers generally agree that this memo acted \"as a catalyst for expansion of [state-sanctioned and gray market] cannabis supply in states with poorly defined regulations,\" though the degree to which it influenced such growth remains poorly documented and requires further investigation.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CambronState16_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CambronState16-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup> To be sure, it likely had some effect, as the number of licensed patients using medical marijuana in the state of Colorado increased from 4,800 in 2008 to 41,000 in 2009, and operating dispensaries jumped to more than 900 by mid-2010.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HIDTATheLeg13_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HIDTATheLeg13-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>June 29, 2011: The Cole Memorandum 1<\/b>\n<\/p><p>Deputy Attorney General James M. Cole issued a memo as a follow-up to the Ogden Memo, muddying the waters in the process. While stating that the stance of efficiently using department resources as outlined in the Ogden Memo still stood, Cole also made it clear that large grow-ops that didn't qualify as \"caregivers\" had sprung up since.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ColeMemo11_20-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ColeMemo11-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup> The language of the memo essentially said \"get off your butts and nail those suckers.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GreenfieldTheCole13_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GreenfieldTheCole13-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup> Cambron <i>et al.<\/i><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CambronState16_18-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CambronState16-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup> and Fairman<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FairmanTrends16_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FairmanTrends16-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup> suggest this memo had some impact as evidenced by declines in cannabis patient registration from 2011\u20132013 in Colorado, Michigan, and Montana.\n<\/p><p><b>August 29, 2013: The Cole Memorandum 2<\/b>\n<\/p><p>Deputy Attorney General James M. Cole issued a follow-up memo to his original two years later, following 1. on the heels of then President Obama reiterating publicly that the Department of Justice (DoJ) was to not focus unnecessarily on states that had passed legalization laws and 2. Washington and Colorado legalizing recreational use of cannabis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CambronState16_18-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CambronState16-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup> The second memorandum sought to reduce the emphasis on the size of the grow-op and increase emphasis on\u2014using a case-by-case basis\u2014\"whether the operation is demonstrably in compliance with a strong and effective state regulatory system.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ColeMemo13_23-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ColeMemo13-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup> The memo also clarified specific cases where federal enforcement would be warranted, including distribution to minors, interstate transport, and preventing drugged driving (though it didn't state how). Generally speaking, states saw little federal intervention except in the case of state law being broken or requiring dispensaries to move further away from schools.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MPPFederal16_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MPPFederal16-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CambronState16_18-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CambronState16-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup> Despite the memo, some attorneys continued to see Cole Memorandum 2 as nothing more than unclear language that had no legal weight for anxious growers and distributors in states where cannabis was legalized.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GreenfieldTheCole13_21-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GreenfieldTheCole13-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>December 16, 2014 to current: Joyce Amendment<\/b>\n<\/p><p>A tenuous truce of sorts arrived with the passage of the Rohrabacher-Farr (later Rohrabacher-Blumenauer, today Joyce) Amendment in December 2014. The amendment prohibited the DoJ from spending funds to prevent or enforce against state laws that allow for medical marijuana cultivation, distribution, and use, particularly when those actions are performed consistently with those state laws.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ArmentanoPres14_25-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ArmentanoPres14-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup> Before being passed in December 2014, the amendment had actually been introduced and defeated six times in the previous 10 years.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BrekkeHouse14_26-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BrekkeHouse14-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup> The DoJ later went on to challenge the amendment on several occasions, from <i>U.S. v. Marin Alliance for Medical Marijuana<\/i> in 2015 to a collection of 10 different cases from California and Washington in 2016. In all these instances, the courts ruled against the DoJ, setting precedent against further department action.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-IngrahamFed15_27-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-IngrahamFed15-27\">[27]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FermerTheLargest16_28-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FermerTheLargest16-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>One of the downsides of Rohrabacher-Farr is that it has essentially acted as a short-term rider attached to several spending bills since December 2014. Due again for renewal in April 2017, and with the new Trump administration coalescing\u2014including Trump's demonstrably anti-drug U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions\u2014some in the industry were concerned the amendment would not be renewed, opening the door again for the DoJ to implement stronger enforcement.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SteinmetzThese16_29-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SteinmetzThese16-29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SwerdlowApril17_30-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SwerdlowApril17-30\">[30]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-YakowiczThePerfect17_31-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-YakowiczThePerfect17-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RohrabacherRohr17_32-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RohrabacherRohr17-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MuiTrump17_33-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MuiTrump17-33\">[33]<\/a><\/sup> However, the Amendment continued to live on as the Rohrabacher-Blumenauer Amendment, with Rep. Earl Blumenauer taking over as co-lead with the retirement of Rep. Farr. Alternative bills had continued to be proposed in the meantime, including a more permanent version of Rohrabacher-Blumenauer introduced by Representative Dana Rohrabacher of California; however, Speaker Paul Ryan implemented rules prohibiting amendments to budgetary legislation, and the fact remained that Congress was still reluctant in hearing bills that would change the country's marijuana laws.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AdamsMari17_34-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AdamsMari17-34\">[34]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RuskinSessions17_35-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RuskinSessions17-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The Rohrabacher-Blumenauer amendment was renewed through December 8, 2018<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ShermanDespite18_36-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ShermanDespite18-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup> However, earlier in the year, Rep. David Joyce submitted an amendment to protect against federal intrusions on medical marijuana patients abiding by state cannabis laws. Passing in May 2018 and acting the same as Rohrabacher-Blumenauer, the new Joyce Amendment was good through the 2019 fiscal year.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MisulonasCongress18_37-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MisulonasCongress18-37\">[37]<\/a><\/sup> However, vows by President Trump in late 2018 to shut down the government \"for border security\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BoltonSenators18_38-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BoltonSenators18-38\">[38]<\/a><\/sup> left some to wonder if a shutdown would affect the continuity of the Joyce Amendment.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HicksHowThe18_39-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HicksHowThe18-39\">[39]<\/a><\/sup> In June 2019, a modified version of Rohrabacher-Blumenauer by Blumenauer-McClintock-Norton was approved by the U.S. House, which added on protections for adult-use cannabis users as well as medical cannabis users.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FernandezHouse19_40-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FernandezHouse19-40\">[40]<\/a><\/sup> It was attached to a large-scale appropriations bill<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KoppStates20_41-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KoppStates20-41\">[41]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AttorneyPresident20_42-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AttorneyPresident20-42\">[42]<\/a><\/sup>, but the broader version was removed last-minute, leaving only the original protections for medical cannabis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AngellTrump19_43-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AngellTrump19-43\">[43]<\/a><\/sup> However, it's not clear if the original Rohrabacher-Blumenauer will be approved under the 2021 federal budget plan, as President Trump has reportedly pushed back against its inclusion.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AttorneyPresident20_42-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AttorneyPresident20-42\">[42]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KoppStates20_41-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KoppStates20-41\">[41]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AngellTrump19_43-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AngellTrump19-43\">[43]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>August 11, 2016: DEA denies petition to reschedule marijuana out of Schedule I<\/b>\n<\/p><p>A request made by two governors and a psychiatric nurse practitioner to the DEA asking it to reschedule marijuana into any other schedule other than Schedule I was denied, as had been done with previous attempts in 2009 and 2011.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LegerMari16_8-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LegerMari16-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-JosephDEA16_9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-JosephDEA16-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GrubbsDEA16_10-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GrubbsDEA16-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> Reasons included known health issues such as prenatal exposure and negative impacts on several biological systems, as well as limited research data and new drug applications.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Romza-KutzTheSilver16_14-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Romza-KutzTheSilver16-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> At the same time, however, the DEA also recognized the need for further research and the lack of legal marijuana sources for researchers, publishing a policy statement stating intent \"to increase the lawful supply of marijuana available to researchers.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-81FR53846_44-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-81FR53846-44\">[44]<\/a><\/sup> However, that statement of intent has not been acted upon as of December 2018.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GurmanMari18_45-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GurmanMari18-45\">[45]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Ordo.C3.B1ezTrump18_46-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Ordo.C3.B1ezTrump18-46\">[46]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>December 2018: Congress votes to reconcile and approve the 2018 Farm Bill<\/b>\n<\/p><p>In April 2018, Majority Leader Mitch McConnell introduced the Hemp Farming Act of 2018, which later found its way into the 2018 Farm Bill. On November 29, lawmakers \"struck a deal in principle\" to finalize the 2018 Farm Bill, which, if passed, would remove industrial hemp from the Controlled Substance Act's definition of \"marijuana\" as well as strike it from Schedule I.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PamukUSLaw18_47-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PamukUSLaw18-47\">[47]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MilliganLegal18_48-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MilliganLegal18-48\">[48]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-StewartWillHemp18_49-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-StewartWillHemp18-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup> On December 20, 2018, President Trump signed the Farm Bill into law, legalizing the cultivation and sale of hemp at the federal level.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CohenWhatDoes18_50-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CohenWhatDoes18-50\">[50]<\/a><\/sup> With this, expectations were that this would represent a logical next step that will eventually see the U.S. government take further action to legalize derivative products and even cannabis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MilliganLegal18_48-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MilliganLegal18-48\">[48]<\/a><\/sup> However, despite hemp legalization, legal experts such as those at <i>The National Law Review<\/i> note additional problems arising, particularly in the realm of cannabidiol (CBD) derived from industrial hemp. Citing a \"schizophrenic\" state of law across federal and state governments and agencies regarding the status of CBD, expectations are such that the FDA may step up enforcement of CBD infractions, and civil suits against manufacturers who make unjust medical claims about CBD-infused products may rise in number.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-StewartWillHemp18_49-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-StewartWillHemp18-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup> In fact, some of the first significant warnings were made by the FDA in November 2019, sending warning letters to 15 companies for violating terms of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as well as violating marketing and formulation regulations.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FDAWarns19_51-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FDAWarns19-51\">[51]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>January 15, 2020: House Committee on Energy and Commerce, Health Subcommittee holds first ever cannabis-related hearing<\/b>\n<\/p><p>The House Health Subcommittee of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce has held its first ever cannabis hearing, titled \"Cannabis Policies for the New Decade.\" Though no votes or updates to legislation came out of the hearing, much debate over existing and future legislation took place. The primary focus of the hearing was the discussion surrounding cannabis research and cannabis' current scheduling, as well as the problems that come from it. While the committee members agreed that more government-authorized cannabis farms for research materials, as well as more researchers, were needed, there was much disagreement about how to go about with either rescheduling or descheduling cannabis. Bills in various stages of process were discussed, including H.R. 171 on rescheduling THC-containing cannabis to Schedule II, H.R. 601 on producing more research-grade cannabis, and H.R. 2843 on removing cannabis from scheduling, though with numerous stipulations. While nothing specific was resolved, Subcommittee Chairwoman Anna Eshoo reportedly indicated that future hearings would be held, which may include non-agency stakeholders.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-NorwinksiUnited20_52-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NorwinksiUnited20-52\">[52]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>December 4, 2020: The MORE Act is approved by the House<\/b>\n<\/p><p>As proposed, the Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement (MORE) Act, introduced by Representatives Nydia M. Vel\u00e1zquez and Jared Golden, \"decriminalizes marijuana at the federal level while enabling states to set their regulatory policies without the threat of federal intervention.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SBAHousePass20_53-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SBAHousePass20-53\">[53]<\/a><\/sup> (It also contains provisions to \"make it easier for cannabis businesses legal under state laws to get help from\" the Small Business Administration (SBA).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SBAStatement19_54-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SBAStatement19-54\">[54]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ScottLawmake19_55-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ScottLawmake19-55\">[55]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SBAGolden19_56-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SBAGolden19-56\">[56]<\/a><\/sup>) The House voted to pass the legislation in early December 2020, but it was expected to go nowhere in the Senate later that month.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WalshHouse20_57-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WalshHouse20-57\">[57]<\/a><\/sup> With changes in the makeup of the Senate in January 2021, a reasonable chance exists that the MORE Act, or a modified version of it, could work its way through the Congress.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KraneDemoc21_58-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KraneDemoc21-58\">[58]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"State_and_local_regulation\">State and local regulation<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>As of January 2021, thirty-seven U.S. states and the District of Columbia have put some sort of broad decriminalization or legalization laws for cannabis on the books.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BerkeMichigan18_59-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BerkeMichigan18-59\">[59]<\/a><\/sup> In October 1973, Oregon became the first state to enact decriminalization laws for marijuana, imposing a $100 fine for possession of less than an ounce. Eleven other states followed a similar path within five years.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SingleTheImp81_60-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SingleTheImp81-60\">[60]<\/a><\/sup> The next wave of changes began with the passage of medical marijuana legislation in California\u2014the Compassionate Use Act\u2014in November 1996, followed by similar legislation in Oregon and Alaska in 1998, Maine in 1999, and Colorado, Hawaii, and Nevada in 2000.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CambronState16_18-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CambronState16-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Alaska98Results_61-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Alaska98Results-61\">[61]<\/a><\/sup> Other states continued to add decriminalization and medical marijuana laws in the 2000s. But it wasn't until 2012 that Colorado and Washington became the first states to make recreational marijuana legal, followed by Alaska, Oregon, and the District of Columbia in 2014.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CambronState16_18-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CambronState16-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup> Colorado, Maine, Massachusetts, and Nevada followed suit in 2016<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BurkeFour17_62-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BurkeFour17-62\">[62]<\/a><\/sup>, with Michigan doing the same in 2018.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ChappelVoters18_63-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ChappelVoters18-63\">[63]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>As shown by Cambron <i>et al.<\/i> in 2016 (before the November election results)<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CambronState16_18-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CambronState16-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>, dispensaries, possession limits, and interstate ID card acceptance can vary significantly among affected states. California, Colorado, Michigan, Oregon, and Washington lead in number of dispensaries; Massachusetts, Oregon, and Washington in maximum possession limits; and Arizona plus five others allowed ID cards from other states. Yet allowed dispensaries can number in the single digits, possession limits can be as low as one ounce, and numerous states still don't honor ID cards from other states.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CambronState16_18-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CambronState16-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Then there's the matter of state differences in testing, enforcement, advertising allowances, etc. It helps to turn to professional associations and organizations\u2014who often lead the charge for improved, more relevant standards\u2014to sort through the variances. The Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL), for example, has published its <i>Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs<\/i> to help sort through the confusing tangle of existing testing laws, where they exist. They exemplify this variation of law in their document<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_64-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-64\">[64]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>As with most programs in the United States, every state takes a different approach. For example as of January 2016, New Jersey\u2019s Public Health & Environmental Laboratories only test cannabis plant material. Just across the Hudson, however, New York\u2019s Public Health Laboratory will not be testing any plant material, only cannabis extracts. In addition, the New York Department of Health will provide an oversight role for commercial cannabis laboratories that are licensed by the federal Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and approved for testing cannabis products. On the other hand, New Jersey state government does all testing in-house for the medical cannabis program.<\/blockquote>\n<p>As such, unlike their federal counterpart, it's difficult to make broad generalizations about cannabis regulations and their enforcement in the states. It becomes even more difficult when examining states that don't have clear, well-considered regulations or strong enforcement powers. Cambron <i>et al.<\/i> emphasized this issue in regards to the supply side, saying: \"States without clearly defined regulations for medical cannabis supply have fostered gray markets for cannabis whereby individuals without documented medical conditions are able to easily obtain medical cannabis authorizations. This scenario has created substantial challenges for law enforcement in multiple states.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CambronState16_18-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CambronState16-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Cole <i>et al.<\/i> argue that in the end, it will take pressure on the federal government \"to set up policy guardrails to steer state regulatory systems\" in a more unified and safe direction. Drugged driving, use by minors, interstate distribution, relation to crime and firearms, consumer safety, and advertising are all issues the government should be tackling towards that goal, they say. Not that states aren't addressing these regulatory concerns; they are, but not in consistent ways.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ColeAll16_5-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ColeAll16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Standardization\">Standardization<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>While federal, state, and local governments wrestle with the regulatory frameworks surrounding cannabis, scientists and government officials are carrying on, doing what they can to harmonize those regulations with emerging industry standards and guidelines. For example, state officials from Colorado, New Mexico, Oregon, and Washington teamed up to give a presentation called \"State Regulatory Approaches to Cannabis Testing, Operations and Product Logistics\" at the July 2016 Cannabis Quality, Strategies and Solutions Summit. That presentation focused on the harmonization of regulatory standards and frameworks across states, as well as discussions of what scientific efforts are required to support those standards and frameworks.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CQSSS16_65-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CQSSS16-65\">[65]<\/a><\/sup> Additionally, organizations such as Americans for Safe Access Foundation (ASAF), American Herbal Pharmacopoeia (AHP), American Herbal Products Association (AHPA), Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC), and the American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) have been developing standards, methods, and certifications for analysis, extraction, labeling, and laboratory operations surrounding medical (and recreational) marijuana.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-InfocastNew16_66-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-InfocastNew16-66\">[66]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AHPARecomm16_67-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AHPARecomm16-67\">[67]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AHPCanna14_68-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AHPCanna14-68\">[68]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MarcuJahan16_69-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MarcuJahan16-69\">[69]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-EricksonCleaning17_70-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-EricksonCleaning17-70\">[70]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_71-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-71\">[71]<\/a><\/sup> \n<\/p><p>Notable among those organizations is the Foundation of Cannabis Unified Standards (FOCUS), which worked to produce internationally applicable voluntary consensus standards for various parts of the cannabis business chain, including cultivation, extraction, laboratory testing, and packaging. FOCUS completed its public review process and finalized its standards in July 2016, though at that time it wasn't clear how to gain access to them.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FOCUSPublic16_72-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FOCUSPublic16-72\">[72]<\/a><\/sup> New information came to light in March 2017, when FOCUS and announced a collaboration between the two entities, which in April 2017 saw the formation of volunteer committee D37 at ASTM and the further adaptation of FOCUS' standards to future ASTM releases.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BirosASTM17_73-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BirosASTM17-73\">[73]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ASTMD37_74-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ASTMD37-74\">[74]<\/a><\/sup> \n<\/p><p>The newly formed Committee D37 agreed to pursue cannabis standardization in six key areas<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MaxwellTheNeed17_75-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MaxwellTheNeed17-75\">[75]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MorganASTM18_76-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MorganASTM18-76\">[76]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <i>indoor and outdoor horticulture and agriculture<\/i>: e.g., pest management, water considerations, environmental site assessment, and sustainability<\/li>\n<li> <i>quality management systems<\/i>: e.g., quality considerations, due diligence<\/li>\n<li> <i>laboratory testing<\/i>: e.g., sampling, stability testing, purity testing, analytical methods, and proficiency testing<\/li>\n<li> <i>processing and handling<\/i>: e.g., drying and curing, exposure management, waste management, storage<\/li>\n<li> <i>security and transportation<\/i>: e.g., packaging, shipping management, risk assessment and mitigation, occupational health and safety<\/li>\n<li> <i>training, assessment, and credentialing<\/i>: e.g., laboratory training, clean room management, quality inspection, patient and physician education<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Since its founding in April 2017, Committee D37 has made strides towards its goals. Meeting every January and June<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ASTMD3718_77-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ASTMD3718-77\">[77]<\/a><\/sup>, D37 has made progress on developing several standards and creating a set of standardized terminology to be used across them.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MayASTM18_78-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MayASTM18-78\">[78]<\/a><\/sup> Its first two approved standards arrived in May 2018, concerning testing methods for determining water activity in cannabis samples, as well as the range of water activity that is \"safe and effective\" for storing samples.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ASTM18_79-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ASTM18-79\">[79]<\/a><\/sup> In August 2018, the committee announced a new standards project that would result in two guides that \"will provide sampling procedures critical in generating accurate laboratory results, which in turn could lead to improved consumer safety.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ASTMAnnounce18_80-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ASTMAnnounce18-80\">[80]<\/a><\/sup> By October 2018, ASTM Committee D37 had agreed to work with the International Cannabis and Cannabinoids Institute (ICCI) to mutually develop standards for the cannabis industry.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ASTMInternCanna18_81-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ASTMInternCanna18-81\">[81]<\/a><\/sup> Since then a variety of other standards have been developed through the cooperative agreement<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ASTMNewsD37_82-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ASTMNewsD37-82\">[82]<\/a><\/sup>, with more standards in the preparation phase, including standards for determining cannabinoid concentrations, residual solvents, and pesticide amounts.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ASTMSubD37.03_83-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ASTMSubD37.03-83\">[83]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>In addition to ASTM's Committee D37, the AOAC and its Cannabis Analytical Science Program (CASP) has also been recently active in developing standards for cannabis laboratory testing. In August 2018, the AOAC's CASP finalized its first \"Standard Method Performance Requirement\" or \"SMPR,\" which is a set of \"minimum recommended performance characteristics to be used during the evaluation of a method.\" Within the AOAC, they're also used for the \"evaluation of validation study data for method[s] being considered for Performance Tested Methods or AOAC Official Methods of Analysis.\" The first SMPR addressed identifying and quantifying pesticides in dried cannabis materials.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SMPR2018.011_84-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SMPR2018.011-84\">[84]<\/a><\/sup> In September 2019, they approved an SMPR for analyzing cannabinoids in hemp (i.e., low THC cannabis varieties). This was followed up a month later by the release of an SMPR for determining residual solvents in cannabis derivatives, as well as one for detecting the <i>Aspergillus<\/i> fungus in cannabis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AOACNew19_85-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AOACNew19-85\">[85]<\/a><\/sup> The USDA has reportedly adopted the AOAC's cannabinoid testing standard as part of its Domestic Hemp Production Program, further cementing the standard into more common use.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AOACNew19_85-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AOACNew19-85\">[85]<\/a><\/sup> The CASP has set a goal to develop and adopt an additional six cannabis- or hemp-based SMPRs, as well as several official methods, by the end of 2020.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CASP2020Member19_86-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CASP2020Member19-86\">[86]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Regulation_resources\">Regulation resources<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>There are a couple of resources that help provide guidance on where to go to see the various laws that do exist regarding cannabis generally and testing specifically:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.foxrothschild.com\/content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/e-book-Marijuana-Dec1.pdf\">Fox Rothschild's <i>National Survey on Marijuana Laws and Regulations<\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/govt.westlaw.com\/calregs\/Browse\/Home\/California\/CaliforniaCodeofRegulations?guid=I57220DEBD2E54B1BB1EC67A6467E2F2E&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)\">California State Regulations Title 16, Division 42 Bureau of Cannabis Control<\/a> <\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/industry\/leaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations\">Leafly's \"Cannabis testing regulations: A state-by-state guide\"<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/health\/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx\">National Conference of State Legislatures' \"State Medical Marijuana Laws\"<\/a> <\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/medicalmarijuana.procon.org\/legal-medical-marijuana-states-and-dc\/\">ProCon.org's <i>Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC<\/i><\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/marijuana.procon.org\/view.resource.php?resourceID=006868\">ProCon.org's \"Legal Recreational Marijuana States and DC\"<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/mj2015\/testing-facility-criteria\">Washington State I-502 \"Testing Facility Criteria\"<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Canada_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations\" data-key=\"57ca032872bf910a99fbf6e77f5dd85e\">Canada Cannabis Testing Regulations<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Beyond that, accessing the specific government websites will lead to the applicable regulatory information in most cases.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"reflist references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-CCP18-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CCP18_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/\">\"California Cannabis Portal\"<\/a>. State of California<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/\">https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=California+Cannabis+Portal&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=State+of+California&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcannabis.ca.gov%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-MaaCCC-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-MaaCCC_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Cannabis Control Commission. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mass-cannabis-control.com\/about-us-2\/\">\"About the Commission\"<\/a>. Commonwealth of Massachusetts<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/mass-cannabis-control.com\/about-us-2\/\">https:\/\/mass-cannabis-control.com\/about-us-2\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=About+the+Commission&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Cannabis+Control+Commission&rft.au=Cannabis+Control+Commission&rft.pub=Commonwealth+of+Massachusetts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmass-cannabis-control.com%2Fabout-us-2%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-LCB-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-LCB_3-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Anderson, W.H. (26 August 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/publications\/Marijuana\/BOTEC%20reports\/2b_Accrediting_Labs_Final_10_15_13.pdf\">\"Cannabis Testing Labs: Standards and Accreditation\"<\/a>. Washington State Liquor Control Board<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/publications\/Marijuana\/BOTEC%20reports\/2b_Accrediting_Labs_Final_10_15_13.pdf\">https:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/publications\/Marijuana\/BOTEC%20reports\/2b_Accrediting_Labs_Final_10_15_13.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Testing+Labs%3A+Standards+and+Accreditation&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Anderson%2C+W.H.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+W.H.&rft.date=26+August+2013&rft.pub=Washington+State+Liquor+Control+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flcb.wa.gov%2Fpublications%2FMarijuana%2FBOTEC%2520reports%2F2b_Accrediting_Labs_Final_10_15_13.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CalCannaRegs-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CalCannaRegs_4-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">State of California. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/govt.westlaw.com\/calregs\/Browse\/Home\/California\/CaliforniaCodeofRegulations?guid=I57220DEBD2E54B1BB1EC67A6467E2F2E&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)\">\"California Code of Regulations Title 16. Professional and Vocational Regulations Division 42. Bureau of Cannabis Control\"<\/a>. <i>Thomson Reuters Westlaw<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/govt.westlaw.com\/calregs\/Browse\/Home\/California\/CaliforniaCodeofRegulations?guid=I57220DEBD2E54B1BB1EC67A6467E2F2E&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)\">https:\/\/govt.westlaw.com\/calregs\/Browse\/Home\/California\/CaliforniaCodeofRegulations?guid=I57220DEBD2E54B1BB1EC67A6467E2F2E&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=California+Code+of+Regulations+Title+16.+Professional+and+Vocational+Regulations+Division+42.+Bureau+of+Cannabis+Control&rft.atitle=Thomson+Reuters+Westlaw&rft.aulast=State+of+California&rft.au=State+of+California&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgovt.westlaw.com%2Fcalregs%2FBrowse%2FHome%2FCalifornia%2FCaliforniaCodeofRegulations%3Fguid%3DI57220DEBD2E54B1BB1EC67A6467E2F2E%26originationContext%3Ddocumenttoc%26transitionType%3DDefault%26contextData%3D%28sc.Default%29&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-ColeAll16-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-ColeAll16_5-0\">5.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-ColeAll16_5-1\">5.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Cole, T.; Trumble, S.; Hatalsky, L.E. (17 February 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thirdway.org\/report\/all-state-marijuana-laws-are-not-created-equal\">\"All State Marijuana Laws Are Not Created Equal\"<\/a>. <i>Third Way<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thirdway.org\/report\/all-state-marijuana-laws-are-not-created-equal\">https:\/\/www.thirdway.org\/report\/all-state-marijuana-laws-are-not-created-equal<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=All+State+Marijuana+Laws+Are+Not+Created+Equal&rft.atitle=Third+Way&rft.aulast=Cole%2C+T.%3B+Trumble%2C+S.%3B+Hatalsky%2C+L.E.&rft.au=Cole%2C+T.%3B+Trumble%2C+S.%3B+Hatalsky%2C+L.E.&rft.date=17+February+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thirdway.org%2Freport%2Fall-state-marijuana-laws-are-not-created-equal&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CanadaPest-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CanadaPest_6-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Beggan, P. (11 December 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ganjapreneur.com\/canada-unveils-new-cannabis-testing-standards-for-2019\">\"Canada Unveils New Cannabis Testing Standards For 2019\"<\/a>. <i>Ganjapreneur<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ganjapreneur.com\/canada-unveils-new-cannabis-testing-standards-for-2019\">https:\/\/www.ganjapreneur.com\/canada-unveils-new-cannabis-testing-standards-for-2019<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Canada+Unveils+New+Cannabis+Testing+Standards+For+2019&rft.atitle=Ganjapreneur&rft.aulast=Beggan%2C+P.&rft.au=Beggan%2C+P.&rft.date=11+December+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ganjapreneur.com%2Fcanada-unveils-new-cannabis-testing-standards-for-2019&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-GPO21USC812-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GPO21USC812_7-0\">7.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GPO21USC812_7-1\">7.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GPO21USC812_7-2\">7.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title21\/html\/USCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm\">\"\u00a7812. Schedules of controlled substances\"<\/a>. <i>United States Code<\/i>. U.S. Government Publishing Office. 03 January 2012<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title21\/html\/USCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm\">https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title21\/html\/USCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 27 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%C2%A7812.+Schedules+of+controlled+substances&rft.atitle=United+States+Code&rft.date=03+January+2012&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Publishing+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FUSCODE-2011-title21%2Fhtml%2FUSCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-LegerMari16-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-LegerMari16_8-0\">8.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-LegerMari16_8-1\">8.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Leger, D.L. (11 August 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/2016\/08\/11\/dea-marijuana-remains-illegal-under-federal-law\/88550804\/\">\"Marijuana to remain illegal under federal law, DEA says\"<\/a>. <i>USA. Today<\/i>. Gannett Company<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/2016\/08\/11\/dea-marijuana-remains-illegal-under-federal-law\/88550804\/\">http:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/2016\/08\/11\/dea-marijuana-remains-illegal-under-federal-law\/88550804\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(10 August 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2016\/08\/10\/marijuana-medical-research-dea\/\">\"DEA decision keeps major restrictions in place on marijuana research\"<\/a>. <i>STAT<\/i>. Boston Globe Media<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2016\/08\/10\/marijuana-medical-research-dea\/\">https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2016\/08\/10\/marijuana-medical-research-dea\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=DEA+decision+keeps+major+restrictions+in+place+on+marijuana+research&rft.atitle=STAT&rft.aulast=Joseph%2C+A.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+A.&rft.date=10+August+2016&rft.pub=Boston+Globe+Media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statnews.com%2F2016%2F08%2F10%2Fmarijuana-medical-research-dea%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-GrubbsDEA16-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GrubbsDEA16_10-0\">10.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GrubbsDEA16_10-1\">10.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Grubbs, A. (13 August 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cnsnews.com\/news\/article\/alex-grubbs\/dea-declines-request-reclassify-marijuana-citiing-its-high-potential-abuse\">\"DEA Declines Request to Reclassify Marijuana, Citiing Its 'High Potential for Abuse'\"<\/a>. <i>CNSNews<\/i>. Media Research Center<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cnsnews.com\/news\/article\/alex-grubbs\/dea-declines-request-reclassify-marijuana-citiing-its-high-potential-abuse\">http:\/\/www.cnsnews.com\/news\/article\/alex-grubbs\/dea-declines-request-reclassify-marijuana-citiing-its-high-potential-abuse<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 27 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=DEA+Declines+Request+to+Reclassify+Marijuana%2C+Citiing+Its+%27High+Potential+for+Abuse%27&rft.atitle=CNSNews&rft.aulast=Grubbs%2C+A.&rft.au=Grubbs%2C+A.&rft.date=13+August+2016&rft.pub=Media+Research+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnsnews.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Falex-grubbs%2Fdea-declines-request-reclassify-marijuana-citiing-its-high-potential-abuse&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-GPO5USCApp-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GPO5USCApp_11-0\">11.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GPO5USCApp_11-1\">11.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-GPO5USCApp_11-2\">11.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title5\/html\/USCODE-2011-title5-app-reorganiz-other-dup96.htm\">\"Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1973\"<\/a>. <i>United States Code<\/i>. U.S. Government Publishing Office. 03 January 2012<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title5\/html\/USCODE-2011-title5-app-reorganiz-other-dup96.htm\">https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title5\/html\/USCODE-2011-title5-app-reorganiz-other-dup96.htm<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Vice Media, LLC<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/news.vice.com\/article\/dea-fda-marijuana-schedule-1-status-decision\">https:\/\/news.vice.com\/article\/dea-fda-marijuana-schedule-1-status-decision<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(18 May 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.civilized.life\/articles\/congressional-commitee-passes-medical-marijuana-amendment\/\">\"Congressional Committee Passes Amendment Protecting Medical Marijuana Laws from Jeff Sessions\"<\/a>. <i>Civilized<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.civilized.life\/articles\/congressional-commitee-passes-medical-marijuana-amendment\/\">https:\/\/www.civilized.life\/articles\/congressional-commitee-passes-medical-marijuana-amendment\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Springer US. pp. 405\u2013424. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007%2F978-1-4615-7740-9_12\">10.1007\/978-1-4615-7740-9_12<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" data-key=\"f64947ba21e884434bd70e8d9e60bae6\">ISBN<\/a> 9781461577409.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Impact+of+Marijuana+Decriminalization&rft.atitle=Research+Advances+in+Alcohol+and+Drug+Problems&rft.aulast=Single%2C+E.W.&rft.au=Single%2C+E.W.&rft.date=1981&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B405%E2%80%93424&rft.pub=Springer+US&rft_id=info:doi\/10.1007%2F978-1-4615-7740-9_12&rft.isbn=9781461577409&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Alaska98Results-61\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Alaska98Results_61-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.elections.alaska.gov\/results\/98GENR\/results.htm\">\"Election Summary Report, State of Alaska 1998 General Election: Official Results\"<\/a>. <i>Election Results<\/i>. State of Alaska Division of Elections. 1 December 1998<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.elections.alaska.gov\/results\/98GENR\/results.htm\">http:\/\/www.elections.alaska.gov\/results\/98GENR\/results.htm<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(04 January 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.natlawreview.com\/article\/four-more-states-pass-new-marijuana-laws-california-maine-massachusetts-nevada\">\"Four More States Pass New Marijuana Laws: California, Maine, Massachusetts, Nevada\"<\/a>. <i>National Law Review<\/i>. National Law Forum, LLC<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.natlawreview.com\/article\/four-more-states-pass-new-marijuana-laws-california-maine-massachusetts-nevada\">http:\/\/www.natlawreview.com\/article\/four-more-states-pass-new-marijuana-laws-california-maine-massachusetts-nevada<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(07 November 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/11\/07\/665161814\/3-more-states-ok-easing-their-marijuana-laws-michigan-utah-missouri\">\"Voters Relax Marijuana Laws In 3 More States: Michigan, Utah, Missouri\"<\/a>. <i>NPR<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/11\/07\/665161814\/3-more-states-ok-easing-their-marijuana-laws-michigan-utah-missouri\">https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2018\/11\/07\/665161814\/3-more-states-ok-easing-their-marijuana-laws-michigan-utah-missouri<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 13 November 2018<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Voters+Relax+Marijuana+Laws+In+3+More+States%3A+Michigan%2C+Utah%2C+Missouri&rft.atitle=NPR&rft.aulast=Chappell%2C+B.&rft.au=Chappell%2C+B.&rft.date=07+November+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F11%2F07%2F665161814%2F3-more-states-ok-easing-their-marijuana-laws-michigan-utah-missouri&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-APHLGuide16-64\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_64-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Association of Public Health Laboratories (May 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf\">\"Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs\"<\/a> (PDF). pp. 35<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf\">https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Information Forecast, Inc. July 2016<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/chernislaw.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/NEW-Cannabis-Quality-Summit-Main-Summit-Agenda.pdf\">http:\/\/chernislaw.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/NEW-Cannabis-Quality-Summit-Main-Summit-Agenda.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 02 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Quality%2C+Strategies+and+Solutions+Summit+-+Agenda&rft.atitle=&rft.date=July+2016&rft.pub=Information+Forecast%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchernislaw.com%2Fnews%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F07%2FNEW-Cannabis-Quality-Summit-Main-Summit-Agenda.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-InfocastNew16-66\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-InfocastNew16_66-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/infocastinc.com\/industries\/new-certification-program-brings-quality-assurance-to-the-medical-marijuana-industry\/\">\"New Certification Program Brings Quality Assurance to the Medical Marijuana Industry\"<\/a>. 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American Herbal Products Association<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ahpa.org\/Portals\/0\/pdfs\/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ahpa.org\/Portals\/0\/pdfs\/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Recommendations+for+Regulators+%E2%80%93+Cannabis+Operations&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Cannabis+Committee%2C+AHPA&rft.au=Cannabis+Committee%2C+AHPA&rft.date=02+February+2016&rft.pub=American+Herbal+Products+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahpa.org%2FPortals%2F0%2Fpdfs%2FAHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-AHPCanna14-68\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-AHPCanna14_68-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation book\">Upton, R.; Craker, L.; ElSohly, M. et al., ed. 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Retrieved 25 February 2020<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=AOAC+SMPR+2018.011+-+Standard+Method+Performance+Requirements+%28SMPRs%29+for+Identification+and+Quantitation+of+Selected+Pesticide+Residues+in+Dried+Cannabis+Materials&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Association+of+Official+Agricultural+Chemists&rft.au=Association+of+Official+Agricultural+Chemists&rft.date=26+August+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoac.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F01%2FSMPR2018_011.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-AOACNew19-85\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-AOACNew19_85-0\">85.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-AOACNew19_85-1\">85.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (12 November 2019). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/news\/aoac-cannabinoid-standard-in-usda-guidelines\/\">\"New guidelines require laboratories to meet AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirements for Quantitation of Cannabinoids in Hemp\"<\/a>. <i>AOAC News<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/news\/aoac-cannabinoid-standard-in-usda-guidelines\/\">https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/news\/aoac-cannabinoid-standard-in-usda-guidelines\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 February 2020<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=New+guidelines+require+laboratories+to+meet+AOAC+Standard+Method+Performance+Requirements+for+Quantitation+of+Cannabinoids+in+Hemp&rft.atitle=AOAC+News&rft.aulast=Association+of+Official+Agricultural+Chemists&rft.au=Association+of+Official+Agricultural+Chemists&rft.date=12+November+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoac.org%2Fnews%2Faoac-cannabinoid-standard-in-usda-guidelines%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CASP2020Member19-86\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CASP2020Member19_86-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (November 2019). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/CASP-Prospectus-2020.-11_25.pdf\">\"CASP 2020 Member Prospectus\"<\/a> (PDF)<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/CASP-Prospectus-2020.-11_25.pdf\">https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/CASP-Prospectus-2020.-11_25.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 February 2020<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=CASP+2020+Member+Prospectus&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Association+of+Official+Agricultural+Chemists&rft.au=Association+of+Official+Agricultural+Chemists&rft.date=November+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoac.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F11%2FCASP-Prospectus-2020.-11_25.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 1.180 seconds\nReal time usage: 1.259 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 53199\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 34282\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 414804\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 181716\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 15\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","215c53df299701d4ec1bbcae57e9da06_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/0a\/BCC-Testing-Chart.jpg\/800px-BCC-Testing-Chart.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2a\/Dea_color_logo.svg\/500px-Dea_color_logo.svg.png"],"215c53df299701d4ec1bbcae57e9da06_timestamp":1610467624,"047b2ad1d30cb0616024a97782db32d3_type":"article","047b2ad1d30cb0616024a97782db32d3_title":"Starting a Cannabis Testing Lab","047b2ad1d30cb0616024a97782db32d3_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab","047b2ad1d30cb0616024a97782db32d3_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tStarting a Cannabis Testing Lab \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tContents\n\n1 Overview \n2 Creating a Cannabis Testing Startup Lab \n\n2.1 Business Plan \n\n2.1.1 Executive summary \n2.1.2 General company description \n2.1.3 Products and services \n2.1.4 Strategic considerations \n2.1.5 Marketing plan \n2.1.6 Operational plan \n2.1.7 Management and organizational structure \n2.1.8 Personal financial statement \n2.1.9 Startup expenses and required capital \n2.1.10 Financial plan \n\n\n\n\n3 Summary \n\n3.1 References \n\n\n\n\n\nOverview \nIn 2021, the cannabis industry finds itself unquestionably maturing from the wild and unregulated initial frontier stage of new, uncharted territory, into a more clearly-defined, valid business ecosystem. Just a few searches on business-related social media like LinkedIn or LIMSforum will attest to the great number of various industry-related services, products and organizations. And although testing has yet to become mandatory in every state with cannabis laws on the books, the trend is definitely moving in that direction, for both medicinal and recreational products.[1] There are at least 270 unique businesses operating cannabis testing labs currently in the U.S. and Canada[2], offering services that range from extraction only, to full analysis (either production QA\/QC or commercial), to research. However, it is clear that more will be required as various valid medicinal properties are documented and general usage proliferates.[3]\nSo the question many lab professionals, investors and entrepreneurs are beginning to ask is \"what's the best way to get started in cannabis testing?\".\n\nCreating a Cannabis Testing Startup Lab \nBefore you do anything, the best approach is to take a close look at the industry, its players and how you see your lab fitting in. Do you want to test only medicinal cannabis? Recreational? Both? Extraction only? Who are your customers? Can they afford to pay for the testing you want to provide? What are the state regulations (or national in Canada or Uruguay)? Are changes to regulations coming soon? How much will a certification like ISO 17025 help? The answers to these sorts of questions will help you to decide whether this is something you really want to do, and begin to visualize it, while providing ideas to include in the \"strategic considerations\" section of your business plan.\n\nBusiness Plan \nAs with any business proposition, it is important to create a business plan that outlines your goals and how you intend to reach them, and what the ongoing business operations are intended to look like. Business plans are commonly viewed as a means to acquire a loan or investment, but even if you have all the capital you need, it can still be useful. Constructing a business plan provides a valuable opportunity to clarify everything in your own mind, and allows you to think through every aspect, visualizing as you go before approaching others for investment or any other kinds of participation. And it can continue to be useful for the life of your business, helping you stay on track. You can also update it as you learn and gain experience, creating an improved guide to your business. Templates to help you begin are available for free from a number of sources, including the U.S. Small Business Association, along with guidance in completing them as well as navigating the entire startup process.\nHere are some standard components of a business plan:\n\n Executive summary\n General company description\n Products and services\n Strategic considerations\n Marketing plan\n Operational plan\n Management and organizational structure\n Personal financial statement\n Startup expenses and capitalization\n Financial plan\nExecutive summary \nThis is where you lay out your whole vision, in simple, clear terms. Some advise you to wait and make this the last section you complete so that you have a clearer understanding of the whole picture. For most of us, though, it's helpful to go ahead and add here the vision as you understand it first. You can read it back and ask yourself if it still sounds like a genuinely good idea. And if it does, then once you have finished all of the other sections, you will in all probability still want to circle back and tweak this one, based on any epiphanies or aspects of the plan that perhaps you hadn't fully thought through initially. If you're looking for funds or other support, then this is the place to describe that effort, as many who you approach may only really read this section, at least initially, to determine whether it's worth reading further.\n\nGeneral company description \nWhat will your lab and overall business look like? This section lets you communicate what you see your lab\/business as representing. A mission statement, philosophy, goals, values: these really define the \"soul\" of the company, and you can set these out here. Additionally, a fuller description of the industry and your place in it, how it all works organically, what you bring to the table and how you see it all progressing over time all combine to give the reader\u2014and you\u2014a more gut-level understanding of just what your proposed lab is all about. You should also include the legal forms it will take, e.g., LLC, corporation, sole proprietorship, etc.\n\nProducts and services \nThis section describes the core of your lab. What testing will you provide, in what manner and for whom?\nCannabis analysis has pretty much distilled into some well-defined standard sets of tests and processes (see the chapter on The LabLynx Cannabis Solution), with appropriate instruments and methods. These range from potency testing (with accuracy tolerances mandated in some cases by the state) and terpenoid\/balance analysis that validates product types, to pesticide, residuals and mold\/fungus testing. In most cases, the entire range will probably need to be tested, since potency and safety are important aspects whether the product is medicinal or recreational. Increasingly, the most successful testing labs are the ones who can effectively guarantee those factors and deliver that certificate of analysis (COA) at the most competitive price and speediest turnaround, all while presenting a friendly and attractive, yet business-like and authoritative customer-facing image.\nCustomer-facing web portals are becoming the standard, and pickup and delivery of samples is another area that is attractive to customers, especially as most markets are no bigger than statewide, with many based at the municipal level. But as laws change, it would be well to keep an eye on scalability.\nAnother point to note is diversification. The lab that is equipped to test cannabis is equipped to test other things as well, so why limit yourself? Even though you may position yourself as a cannabis lab primarily, there is risk reduction in offering your services in other areas as well. For example, many of the tests involved in cannabis testing (pesticides, mold\/fungus, microbiology) are also common in food testing. Why not branch out and invite other types of customers as well? Of course there is overlap already, obviously in the area of edibles. But the more diversification you can provide, the more built-in protection you have against market forces\u2014as long as the cost in time, effort and expense of those additional services doesn't outweigh the benefits.\nCoupled with the idea of diversification is the choice of data management solution. There are, for instance, some cheap or even free cannabis LIMS available. But now that specific and rigorously-enforced regulations inevitably accompany legalization, labs are unwilling to risk their sizable investment on anything less than a fully-compliant solution. It may also be wise to select something that is flexible and easy to modify as those regulations and standards\u2014and demands of the industry itself\u2014change as the cannabis industry continues to evolve and mature (see LIMS for Cannabis Testing).\n\nStrategic considerations \nIt's all well and good to decide that you want to deliver analytical lab services to the cannabis industry, but there's more to consider if you want to be truly successful. This section is where you identify and address important elements of your strategy to succeed. Ask yourself questions like:\n\n What will my competitive advantages be?\n What relationships or potential partnerships should I consider? Growers, dispensaries, collection\/delivery services, extraction labs, subcontract labs...\n Where should I locate my lab?\n What kind of volume am I looking at?\n Are there existing competitors? How are they doing? Can I learn from them?\n What is the regulatory landscape and how is it likely to change?\nThe answers to these and similar questions can prepare you for the realities of the operation you will encounter. Martin Zwilling, experienced entrepreneur and investor, in his advice to those planning startups:\n\nAccept uncertainty as the norm. You will never remove all uncertainties, so accept them, and plan your activities in an incremental fashion. Too often, a business plan is seen as a mechanism for eliminating uncertainty, lulling the founder into complacency. Eliminate major uncertainties before the plan and update any plan as you learn.[4]\nMarketing plan \nYour marketing plan includes two key elements: research and dissemination.\nYou're already making a good start to your marketing plan research by reading this book. Marketing research falls into two categories: primary and secondary. While this and other resources like industry magazines, groups and communities (like you will find at Limsforum.com\/sciCloud.net®) and blogs can provide great insight and information about the industry, you should also do your own primary research. Meet with people in the industry, talk to competitors, potential customers, producers, and industry advocates. Check with those who failed or moved to other markets; what happened? What are the economics of the industry, e.g., size of the market, your predicted share, trends, growth, etc.? Is there a genuine opportunity, a need for what you will provide? Who are your competitors? Will your pricing be competitive?\nNext, devise your marketing strategies to get the word out about your products\/services, and to keep them in the spotlight. That includes how much of your overall budget you need to apportion, and whether you are willing to accept that. But also, it includes strategic thinking so that your investment yields the most effective results in the most efficient manner. It also includes communicating your particular qualities that comprise your uniqueness and competitive edge.\nToday's marketing strategies are heavily internet-based, which can allow huge bang-for-buck results that were unimaginable in yesterday's traditional advertising models. But no matter how technology advances the options in this area, there is never a substitute for the power of positive word-of-mouth. Indeed, successful sites such as Amazon and eBay, and many others, recognize this fact very well, providing customer star ratings and feedback for all of their products. That is the modern-day \"tech-ed up\" version of word-of-mouth, and the traditional value of it still applies. Building a good reputation is a long, hard process. Tearing it down is easy and quick. That is a place where your core values and principles, as expressed in the \"general company description\" section, have a real impact, along with your actual performance. But the old-fashioned satisfied customer who speaks well of you to others is still one of your most precious assets.\n\nOperational plan \nNow it's nuts and bolts time. This is where the dream meets reality from an operational standpoint. You need to outline exactly how things will work on a daily basis, from receiving to reporting, what software, hardware, processes, staff and other resources are involved and how, with specifications and detailed descriptions. Some points to include:\n\n Testing techniques and costs\n Instruments and equipment\n Stocks, standards and reagents\n Submission process\n Testing processes\n Reporting processes\n Quality control\n Customer service\n Location\n Legal requirements\n Licensing and bonding\n Permits\n Health, workplace, or environmental regulations\n State, local and any applicable federal regulations specifically regarding cannabis\n Zoning or building code requirements\n Insurance coverage\n Trademarks, copyrights, or patents (pending, existing, or purchased; note: until federal laws change, cannabis-related brands cannot be trademarked)\n Staff\n Number of employees\n Type of labor: Skilled\/unskilled\/professional? Contracted? Full-time?\n Where and how will you find the right employees? \n Quality of existing staff\n Pay structure\n Training methods and requirements\n Employee roles\n Written job descriptions\n Written standard operating procedures (SOPs)\n Inventory\n Operating levels\n Stocks, standards and reagents suppliers\n Credit and delivery policies\n Managing storage conditions and expiration\n Software application (often available as part of LIMS functionality; see The LabLynx Cannabis Solution)\n Administrative functions\n Outsourced? Onsite? Full-time\/part-time? DIY?\n Financial management\n Credit policy (E.g., if you accept credit, what is the mechanism?)\n Accounts receivable: Net, aging tracking, collection policies\n Accounts payable: Recurring, one-time, aging, discounts\n Billing service or software?\n Data Management: What software applications will you use? Will you need an IT infrastructure or go cloud? You'll want to make sure your LIMS is suited for the cannabis testing you'll do, e.g., The LabLynx Cannabis Solution.\n Non-testing equipment: What hardware, workstation computers, telephone system, furniture and other fixtures will you use and how?\nAnother aspect of your operational plan is the design\/layout of the premises. This is important, because you will presumably be contending with it for a long time. You'll want to keep some things in mind with your work space. First, make sure you set up zones that make sense so that all of the processes for each type of testing can be done largely within a single zone. Or, if not that, consider keeping all weighing, labeling and other prep in one zone, all gas chromatography testing in another, etc., but arranged so that the process flow is supported. And give workers sufficient access to instruments or workspaces. Keep commonly used large equipment away from heavy traffic areas but easily accessible.\nSecond, you'll want to focus on cleanliness and safety. Keep any messy or hazardous areas away from main traffic areas, and keep critical areas such as lab surfaces and sinks clean. You'll also want to keep biosafety (if you are doing microbiology, for instance) and good laboratory practice (GLP) in mind.[5] Lab entry should be restricted to authorized personnel to minimize risk. There should be more than one exit from the lab in case of emergencies. Install fire extinguishers, fire blankets, emergency showers (with an easy to reach handle), and keep safety gloves in-stock.\n\nManagement and organizational structure \nYou'll have to decide whether you intend to spend your time managing or performing analyses, or even concentrating more on promotion, marketing and connecting with others in the industry. Or maybe you prefer to do some of all of it, with people already in those designated roles so that you pop in randomly just to ensure things are running as they should. Whatever your intended role and organizational setup, you'll need to specify it all here. If you will have more than about 10 staff, it's a good idea to draw up a hierarchical flowchart-style organizational diagram to make it clear how decision-making and task flows take place.\n\n Example organizational chart\nIf you plan on having any advisers, consultants or board members, then add those plans to this section, including attorneys, accountants, insurance agent, banker and mentors.\n\nPersonal financial statement \nWhat you and any partners, stockholders or investors bring to the table is presented here, shown in balance sheet format that lists both assets and liabilities. This need not be made available to everyone who sees the plan. It can be on an \"available upon request\" basis for only those parties for whom it is a necessary component (bank, additional investors). A high-level view of this is, however, part of your executive summary.\n\nStartup expenses and required capital \nObviously, starting any laboratory requires capital, in the form of premises, equipment, qualified staff and\/or the money to acquire them. Your personal financial statement brings into focus what you are able to invest in the project. This section catalogs every facet of your startup costs, from any licensing, legal fees, etc. to your instruments, property costs, stocks and the like, down to the last sample container. As you may imagine, getting this right is one of the more critical\u2014and expensive\u2014parts of your business plan.\nYou are the best judge of what equipment and stock you will need, based on your own experience and training. Getting used equipment where possible can save some expense, as long as it's in good condition and is likely to last until you are able to upgrade. You can use the \"operational plan\" section to help you list the items you'll need to make that happen. You may need to categorize as \"essential\" vs \"nice to have\". Even the essentials can be phased in to ease up cost flow, as you can start out doing limited testing and expand as income allows.[6]\nTraditionally, it is more costly for a startup lab to lease commercial space with existing lab facilities than it is to establish a lab in an incubator facility.[7] \nAs for \"required capital\", include operating expenses for the first year or reasonable period while income is uncertain, with enough reserve to cover any issues arising. These can be derived from the projections in your financial plan.\nSome tips from others who have gone through the lab startup process:\n\n Safety glasses can vary wildly in price, from around $2 to around $11 or more.\n Use less precise balances where tolerances aren't as critical, and save the more accurate one(s) for processes where it matters.\n It's much better to buy tools and routine equipment (e.g., duct tape) at a hardware store than through science vendors.\n Buy in bulk and buy early. Delays happen.\n Some used equipment can be a great bargain. Pharma is hemorrhaging stuff that works. Maybe avoid the used LC\/MS, but perfectly good rotary evaporators, vacuum ovens, centrifuges, fraction collectors, etc. Check out the surplus lab supply companies and call them directly with your wishlist. They have warehouses full of stuff that may or may not be on their websites.\n Ultrasonic cleaners can be found for about a third of the usual price if you buy them from jewelers supply companies.\n Ask for discounts. They are more available than you think, and can be 30 to 40%.\n Check surplus outlets.\n Look out for labs that are closing down.\n eBay, restaurant supply companies (stainless steel ware, etc.) and other non-lab sources can save you money on the same items you may use in your lab.\n labx.com, dovebid (www.go-dove.com - not so much for used analytical instruments, they can be difficult to get running again) and the LIMSforum Marketplace are resources for both new and used items.\n Watch out for auction houses' fees, and remember you will have to pick up\/ship.\n Always buy service contracts for big items.[8][9]\nFinancial plan \nCreating a realistic financial plan with accurate data (where they are known) and sticking to its budget (or less) is crucial for your project to be successful. Even then, unforeseen economic or business factors may emerge and threaten its fulfillment.\nSome elements of a good financial plan include:\n\n Important assumptions: Current interest rates and sensible predictions of their likely changes over time, tax rate projections, market and other business factor projections, etc. all need to be considered and factored in as assumptions that impact the projected financial performance of your lab.\nExample of a Rates Prediction Table\n\n\r\n\nA Break-Even Analysis takes monthly income and expenses into account to calculate the monthly income needed to (a) break even and (b) become profitable.\n[6]\n\r\n\n\n Business ratios: Business ratios are a measure of the company's actual net worth at any given point in time\u2014essentially a snapshot of its financial health. Like your personal financial statement, it shows the ratio between your company's liabilities and assets. However, in this context it plots the predicted ratio over several years, and also compares it to overall industry averages.\n[6]\n\r\n\n\n Projected profit and loss: Your monthly projection of profit and loss provides a useful guideline both for initial planning and for maintaining adherence to the plan month by month. If you start to see significant deviation\u2014and not in a good way\u2014then you can make adjustments in real time before things get too far out of control. And include an annual projection for a higher-level view showing the emergence from deficit operations to profitable business operations.\n\r\n\n[6]\n\r\n\n[6]\n\r\n\nAdditionally, weekly projections will help you identify any problems even earlier, and make necessary adjustments well before they are seen in the monthly numbers. Any additional profit\/loss projection tools will all add to the risk management of your lab project.\n\n Projected cash flow: Having cash on hand, available for emergencies or just unforeseen contingencies is as important as meeting your profit\/loss predictions. More than one business has been forced shut because they were operating too close to full cashflow and unanticipated expenses appeared. The ongoing cash flow becomes more important over time as initial capital is expended. Incoming revenue, therefore, must make up the difference in maintaining a healthy buffer. As with all projections and actual records, it is important to make sure you have included everything that applies, including asset depreciation, interest, etc.\n\r\n\n[6]\n\r\n\n\n Opening day balance sheet: Your opening day balance sheet provides the baseline for tracking your profitability and net worth going forward. The reality of it may be a little different than what you had predicted in your startup expenses and required capital balance sheet, but it's important that this one reflects reality.\n Projected balance sheet: Along with the profit\/loss and cashflow projections, a projected balance sheet broken down by year provides another perspective to help gain a comprehensive view of what your financial plan predicts. Like the business ratios, it provides annual snapshots of predicted net worth and shows when that is projected to become positive.\nSummary \nCannabis testing labs don't enjoy the huge profit margins (around 40%) that growers, sellers and extraction labs do (200% to 400%), but it's still significant. And while federal Schedule I classification remains in place, those high-profit industry players have to do business in cash for the most part, unable to utilize FDIC-insured banks, while independent labs can add cannabis testing to their services with no such restrictions.[10] However, the Treasury Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) released a guidance document in February 2014 that \"does not grant immunity from prosecution or civil penalties to banks that serve legal marijuana businesses\" but rather \"directs prosecutors and regulators to give priority to cases only where financial institutions have failed to adhere to the guidance.\"[11][12] Furthermore, according to an Associated Press report in April 2016, the guidance has had some sort of impact, with banks and credit unions willing to handle any money associated with marijuana increasing from 51 in March 2014 to 301 in March 2016[13], and up again to 411 in March 2018.[14] And as the trend continues in both medicinal and recreational production and usage, states are quickly seeing that requirements to test cannabis products are essential in order to guarantee effectiveness, health and safety. So the market is there and rapidly growing. Good luck!\n\nReferences \n\n\n\u2191 Tulsi, B.B. (02 October 2016). \"A Bright Future for Cannabis Testing Services\". Lab Manager. https:\/\/www.labmanager.com\/labs-less-ordinary\/today-s-cannabis-research-market-4338 . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Douglas, S. (March 2020). \"6. Final thoughts and Resources\". Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States. https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php\/LII:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Schroyer, J. (01 January 2016). \"Industry Snapshot: Testing Labs - Data, Trends and Challenges\". Marijuana Business Magazine. https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Zwilling, M. (06 November 2013). \"10 Reasons Not to Write a Business Plan\". Entrepreneur, Inc. https:\/\/www.entrepreneur.com\/article\/229804 . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Hades, Z. (26 September 2016). \"Starting Up a New Lab: What you Need to Know\". BiteSizeBio. https:\/\/bitesizebio.com\/30527\/starting-new-lab\/ . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Fargo Medical Laboratories. \"Laboratory Business Plan\". bplans.com. https:\/\/www.bplans.com\/laboratory-business-plan\/ . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Genovesi, L. (30 April 2015). \"Secrets of a Successful Start-up Lab\". Lab Manager. https:\/\/www.labmanager.com\/business-management\/secrets-of-a-successful-start-up-lab-6214 . Retrieved 08 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Bracher, P. (09 April 2013). \"Starting Up a Chemistry Lab: Advice & Bargains\". ChemBark Blog. Archived from the original on 13 April 2013. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130413030324\/http:\/\/blog.chembark.com\/2013\/04\/09\/starting-up-a-chemistry-lab-advice-bargains\/ . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 freesky99z (26 February 2013). \"Tips for the frugal chemist?\". Reddit Chemistry. https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/chemistry\/comments\/19aui0\/tips_for_the_frugal_chemist\/ . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 deCesare, K. (02 March 2017). \"LinkedIn conversation\". \"Growers can average a 300%-400% profit, extraction companies 200%-300%, dispensaries at least double their profit. Most labs are lucky to make 40%.\"   \n\n\u2191 Kovaleski, S.F. (14 February 2014). \"U.S. Issues Marijuana Guidelines for Banks\". The New York Times. The New York Times Corporation. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/02\/15\/us\/us-issues-marijuana-guidelines-for-banks.html . Retrieved 25 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (14 February 2014). \"BSA Expectations Regarding Marijuana-Related Businesses\". U.S. Department of the Treasury. https:\/\/www.fincen.gov\/resources\/statutes-regulations\/guidance\/bsa-expectations-regarding-marijuana-related-businesses . Retrieved 25 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Hansen, K.; Johnson, G. (20 April 2016). \"Banking woes easing for some legal pot businesses\". Associated Press: The Big Story. Associated Press. http:\/\/bigstory.ap.org\/article\/804ae396daab4ba98f814b186f872ef6\/banking-woes-easing-some-legal-pot-businesses . Retrieved 25 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Angell, T. (14 June 2018). \"More Banks Working With Marijuana Businesses, Despite Federal Moves\". Forbes. Forbes Media, LLC. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tomangell\/2018\/06\/14\/more-banks-working-with-marijuana-businesses-despite-federal-moves\/#4d828ed21b1b . 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Just a few searches on business-related social media like LinkedIn or LIMSforum will attest to the great number of various industry-related services, products and organizations. And although testing has yet to become mandatory in every state with cannabis laws on the books, the trend is definitely moving in that direction, for both medicinal and recreational products.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Bright_Future_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Bright_Future-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> There are at least 270 unique businesses operating cannabis testing labs currently in the U.S. and Canada<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DouglasPast18_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DouglasPast18-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>, offering services that range from extraction only, to full analysis (either production QA\/QC or commercial), to research. However, it is clear that more will be required as various valid medicinal properties are documented and general usage proliferates.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Snapshot_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Snapshot-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<p>So the question many lab professionals, investors and entrepreneurs are beginning to ask is \"what's the best way to get started in cannabis testing?\".\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Creating_a_Cannabis_Testing_Startup_Lab\">Creating a Cannabis Testing Startup Lab<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Before you do anything, the best approach is to take a close look at the industry, its players and how you see your lab fitting in. Do you want to test only medicinal cannabis? Recreational? Both? Extraction only? Who are your customers? Can they afford to pay for the testing you want to provide? What are the state regulations (or national in Canada or Uruguay)? Are changes to regulations coming soon? How much will a certification like ISO 17025 help? The answers to these sorts of questions will help you to decide whether this is something you really want to do, and begin to visualize it, while providing ideas to include in the \"strategic considerations\" section of your business plan.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Business_Plan\">Business Plan<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>As with any business proposition, it is important to create a business plan that outlines your goals and how you intend to reach them, and what the ongoing business operations are intended to look like. Business plans are commonly viewed as a means to acquire a loan or investment, but even if you have all the capital you need, it can still be useful. Constructing a business plan provides a valuable opportunity to clarify everything in your own mind, and allows you to think through every aspect, visualizing as you go before approaching others for investment or any other kinds of participation. And it can continue to be useful for the life of your business, helping you stay on track. You can also update it as you learn and gain experience, creating an improved guide to your business. Templates to help you begin are available for free from a number of sources, including the U.S. Small Business Association, along with guidance in completing them as well as navigating the entire startup process.\n<\/p><p>Here are some standard components of a business plan:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Executive summary<\/li>\n<li> General company description<\/li>\n<li> Products and services<\/li>\n<li> Strategic considerations<\/li>\n<li> Marketing plan<\/li>\n<li> Operational plan<\/li>\n<li> Management and organizational structure<\/li>\n<li> Personal financial statement<\/li>\n<li> Startup expenses and capitalization<\/li>\n<li> Financial plan<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Executive_summary\">Executive summary<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>This is where you lay out your whole vision, in simple, clear terms. Some advise you to wait and make this the last section you complete so that you have a clearer understanding of the whole picture. For most of us, though, it's helpful to go ahead and add here the vision as you understand it first. You can read it back and ask yourself if it still sounds like a genuinely good idea. And if it does, then once you have finished all of the other sections, you will in all probability still want to circle back and tweak this one, based on any epiphanies or aspects of the plan that perhaps you hadn't fully thought through initially. If you're looking for funds or other support, then this is the place to describe that effort, as many who you approach may only really read this section, at least initially, to determine whether it's worth reading further.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"General_company_description\">General company description<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>What will your lab and overall business look like? This section lets you communicate what you see your lab\/business as representing. A mission statement, philosophy, goals, values: these really define the \"soul\" of the company, and you can set these out here. Additionally, a fuller description of the industry and your place in it, how it all works organically, what you bring to the table and how you see it all progressing over time all combine to give the reader\u2014and you\u2014a more gut-level understanding of just what your proposed lab is all about. You should also include the legal forms it will take, e.g., LLC, corporation, sole proprietorship, etc.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Products_and_services\">Products and services<\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Canna_Lab_Pic_Facing_Left.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"d50da013401fbfb031608622fbf519de\"><img alt=\"Canna Lab Pic Facing Left.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/3\/35\/Canna_Lab_Pic_Facing_Left.png\/400px-Canna_Lab_Pic_Facing_Left.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>This section describes the core of your lab. What testing will you provide, in what manner and for whom?\n<p>Cannabis analysis has pretty much distilled into some well-defined standard sets of tests and processes (see the chapter on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">The LabLynx Cannabis Solution<\/a>), with appropriate instruments and methods. These range from potency testing (with accuracy tolerances mandated in some cases by the state) and terpenoid\/balance analysis that validates product types, to pesticide, residuals and mold\/fungus testing. In most cases, the entire range will probably need to be tested, since potency and safety are important aspects whether the product is medicinal or recreational. Increasingly, the most successful testing labs are the ones who can effectively guarantee those factors and deliver that certificate of analysis (COA) at the most competitive price and speediest turnaround, all while presenting a friendly and attractive, yet business-like and authoritative customer-facing image.\n<\/p><p>Customer-facing web portals are becoming the standard, and pickup and delivery of samples is another area that is attractive to customers, especially as most markets are no bigger than statewide, with many based at the municipal level. But as laws change, it would be well to keep an eye on scalability.\n<\/p><p>Another point to note is diversification. The lab that is equipped to test cannabis is equipped to test other things as well, so why limit yourself? Even though you may position yourself as a cannabis lab primarily, there is risk reduction in offering your services in other areas as well. For example, many of the tests involved in cannabis testing (pesticides, mold\/fungus, microbiology) are also common in food testing. Why not branch out and invite other types of customers as well? Of course there is overlap already, obviously in the area of edibles. But the more diversification you can provide, the more built-in protection you have against market forces\u2014as long as the cost in time, effort and expense of those additional services doesn't outweigh the benefits.\n<\/p><p>Coupled with the idea of diversification is the choice of data management solution. There are, for instance, some cheap or even free cannabis LIMS available. But now that specific and rigorously-enforced regulations inevitably accompany legalization, labs are unwilling to risk their sizable investment on anything less than a fully-compliant solution. It may also be wise to select something that is flexible and easy to modify as those regulations and standards\u2014and demands of the industry itself\u2014change as the cannabis industry continues to evolve and mature (see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">LIMS for Cannabis Testing<\/a>).\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Strategic_considerations\">Strategic considerations<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>It's all well and good to decide that you want to deliver analytical lab services to the cannabis industry, but there's more to consider if you want to be truly successful. This section is where you identify and address important elements of your strategy to succeed. Ask yourself questions like:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> What will my competitive advantages be?<\/li>\n<li> What relationships or potential partnerships should I consider? Growers, dispensaries, collection\/delivery services, extraction labs, subcontract labs...<\/li>\n<li> Where should I locate my lab?<\/li>\n<li> What kind of volume am I looking at?<\/li>\n<li> Are there existing competitors? How are they doing? Can I learn from them?<\/li>\n<li> What is the regulatory landscape and how is it likely to change?<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>The answers to these and similar questions can prepare you for the realities of the operation you will encounter. Martin Zwilling, experienced entrepreneur and investor, in his advice to those planning startups:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>Accept uncertainty as the norm. You will never remove all uncertainties, so accept them, and plan your activities in an incremental fashion. Too often, a business plan is seen as a mechanism for eliminating uncertainty, lulling the founder into complacency. Eliminate major uncertainties before the plan and update any plan as you learn.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Zwilling_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Zwilling-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/blockquote>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Marketing_plan\">Marketing plan<\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Marketing_-_girl-iphone-social-media_facing_right.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"7a3b55e78dee7ade97e3ffd730f28145\"><img alt=\"Marketing - girl-iphone-social-media facing right.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/20\/Marketing_-_girl-iphone-social-media_facing_right.jpg\/400px-Marketing_-_girl-iphone-social-media_facing_right.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>Your marketing plan includes two key elements: research and dissemination.\n<p>You're already making a good start to your marketing plan research by reading this book. Marketing research falls into two categories: primary and secondary. While this and other resources like industry magazines, groups and communities (like you will find at <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/limsforum.com\">Limsforum.com<\/a>\/<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/sciCloud.net\">sciCloud.net®<\/a>) and blogs can provide great insight and information about the industry, you should also do your own <i>primary<\/i> research. Meet with people in the industry, talk to competitors, potential customers, producers, and industry advocates. Check with those who failed or moved to other markets; what happened? What are the economics of the industry, e.g., size of the market, your predicted share, trends, growth, etc.? Is there a genuine opportunity, a need for what you will provide? Who are your competitors? Will your pricing be competitive?\n<\/p><p>Next, devise your marketing strategies to get the word out about your products\/services, and to keep them in the spotlight. That includes how much of your overall budget you need to apportion, and whether you are willing to accept that. But also, it includes strategic thinking so that your investment yields the most effective results in the most efficient manner. It also includes communicating your particular qualities that comprise your uniqueness and competitive edge.\n<\/p><p>Today's marketing strategies are heavily internet-based, which can allow huge bang-for-buck results that were unimaginable in yesterday's traditional advertising models. But no matter how technology advances the options in this area, there is never a substitute for the power of positive word-of-mouth. Indeed, successful sites such as Amazon and eBay, and many others, recognize this fact very well, providing customer star ratings and feedback for all of their products. That is the modern-day \"tech-ed up\" version of word-of-mouth, and the traditional value of it still applies. Building a good reputation is a long, hard process. Tearing it down is easy and quick. That is a place where your core values and principles, as expressed in the \"general company description\" section, have a real impact, along with your actual performance. But the old-fashioned satisfied customer who speaks well of you to others is still one of your most precious assets.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Operational_plan\">Operational plan<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Now it's nuts and bolts time. This is where the dream meets reality from an operational standpoint. You need to outline exactly how things will work on a daily basis, from receiving to reporting, what software, hardware, processes, staff and other resources are involved and how, with specifications and detailed descriptions. Some points to include:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Testing techniques and costs\n<ul><li> Instruments and equipment<\/li>\n<li> Stocks, standards and reagents<\/li>\n<li> Submission process<\/li>\n<li> Testing processes<\/li>\n<li> Reporting processes<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> Quality control<\/li>\n<li> Customer service<\/li>\n<li> Location<\/li>\n<li> Legal requirements\n<ul><li> Licensing and bonding<\/li>\n<li> Permits<\/li>\n<li> Health, workplace, or environmental regulations<\/li>\n<li> State, local and any applicable federal regulations specifically regarding cannabis<\/li>\n<li> Zoning or building code requirements<\/li>\n<li> Insurance coverage<\/li>\n<li> Trademarks, copyrights, or patents (pending, existing, or purchased; note: until federal laws change, cannabis-related brands cannot be trademarked)<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> Staff\n<ul><li> Number of employees<\/li>\n<li> Type of labor: Skilled\/unskilled\/professional? Contracted? Full-time?<\/li>\n<li> Where and how will you find the right employees? <\/li>\n<li> Quality of existing staff<\/li>\n<li> Pay structure<\/li>\n<li> Training methods and requirements<\/li>\n<li> Employee roles<\/li>\n<li> Written job descriptions<\/li>\n<li> Written standard operating procedures (SOPs)<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> Inventory\n<ul><li> Operating levels<\/li>\n<li> Stocks, standards and reagents suppliers<\/li>\n<li> Credit and delivery policies<\/li>\n<li> Managing storage conditions and expiration<\/li>\n<li> Software application (often available as part of LIMS functionality; see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">The LabLynx Cannabis Solution<\/a>)<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> Administrative functions\n<ul><li> Outsourced? Onsite? Full-time\/part-time? DIY?<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> Financial management\n<ul><li> Credit policy (E.g., if you accept credit, what is the mechanism?)<\/li>\n<li> Accounts receivable: Net, aging tracking, collection policies<\/li>\n<li> Accounts payable: Recurring, one-time, aging, discounts<\/li>\n<li> Billing service or software?<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Canna_Potency_Test_Prep.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"0b85df15986580be12de34cf5bbee80b\"><img alt=\"Canna Potency Test Prep.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a6\/Canna_Potency_Test_Prep.jpg\/400px-Canna_Potency_Test_Prep.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<li> Data Management: What software applications will you use? Will you need an IT infrastructure or go cloud? You'll want to make sure your LIMS is suited for the cannabis testing you'll do, e.g., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">The LabLynx Cannabis Solution<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li> Non-testing equipment: What hardware, workstation computers, telephone system, furniture and other fixtures will you use and how?<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Another aspect of your operational plan is the design\/layout of the premises. This is important, because you will presumably be contending with it for a long time. You'll want to keep some things in mind with your work space. First, make sure you set up zones that make sense so that all of the processes for each type of testing can be done largely within a single zone. Or, if not that, consider keeping all weighing, labeling and other prep in one zone, all gas chromatography testing in another, etc., but arranged so that the process flow is supported. And give workers sufficient access to instruments or workspaces. Keep commonly used large equipment away from heavy traffic areas but easily accessible.\n<\/p><p>Second, you'll want to focus on cleanliness and safety. Keep any messy or hazardous areas away from main traffic areas, and keep critical areas such as lab surfaces and sinks clean. You'll also want to keep biosafety (if you are doing microbiology, for instance) and good laboratory practice (GLP) in mind.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Hades_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Hades-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> Lab entry should be restricted to authorized personnel to minimize risk. There should be more than one exit from the lab in case of emergencies. Install fire extinguishers, fire blankets, emergency showers (with an easy to reach handle), and keep safety gloves in-stock.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Management_and_organizational_structure\">Management and organizational structure<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>You'll have to decide whether you intend to spend your time managing or performing analyses, or even concentrating more on promotion, marketing and connecting with others in the industry. Or maybe you prefer to do some of all of it, with people already in those designated roles so that you pop in randomly just to ensure things are running as they should. Whatever your intended role and organizational setup, you'll need to specify it all here. If you will have more than about 10 staff, it's a good idea to draw up a hierarchical flowchart-style organizational diagram to make it clear how decision-making and task flows take place.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:502px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Lab_Organizational_Chart.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"b93aceb71bd09be9ff5fad790a79b7eb\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/7\/70\/Lab_Organizational_Chart.jpg\" class=\"thumbimage\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\">Example organizational chart<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p>If you plan on having any advisers, consultants or board members, then add those plans to this section, including attorneys, accountants, insurance agent, banker and mentors.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Personal_financial_statement\">Personal financial statement<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>What you and any partners, stockholders or investors bring to the table is presented here, shown in balance sheet format that lists both assets and liabilities. This need not be made available to everyone who sees the plan. It can be on an \"available upon request\" basis for only those parties for whom it is a necessary component (bank, additional investors). A high-level view of this is, however, part of your executive summary.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Startup_expenses_and_required_capital\">Startup expenses and required capital<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Obviously, starting any laboratory requires capital, in the form of premises, equipment, qualified staff and\/or the money to acquire them. Your personal financial statement brings into focus what you are able to invest in the project. This section catalogs every facet of your startup costs, from any licensing, legal fees, etc. to your instruments, property costs, stocks and the like, down to the last sample container. As you may imagine, getting this right is one of the more critical\u2014and expensive\u2014parts of your business plan.\n<\/p><p>You are the best judge of what equipment and stock you will need, based on your own experience and training. Getting used equipment where possible can save some expense, as long as it's in good condition and is likely to last until you are able to upgrade. You can use the \"operational plan\" section to help you list the items you'll need to make that happen. You may need to categorize as \"essential\" vs \"nice to have\". Even the essentials can be phased in to ease up cost flow, as you can start out doing limited testing and expand as income allows.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Fargo_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Fargo-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Traditionally, it is more costly for a startup lab to lease commercial space with existing lab facilities than it is to establish a lab in an incubator facility.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Genovesi_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Genovesi-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> \n<\/p><p>As for \"required capital\", include operating expenses for the first year or reasonable period while income is uncertain, with enough reserve to cover any issues arising. These can be derived from the projections in your financial plan.\n<\/p><p>Some tips from others who have gone through the lab startup process:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Safety glasses can vary wildly in price, from around $2 to around $11 or more.<\/li>\n<li> Use less precise balances where tolerances aren't as critical, and save the more accurate one(s) for processes where it matters.<\/li>\n<li> It's much better to buy tools and routine equipment (e.g., duct tape) at a hardware store than through science vendors.<\/li>\n<li> Buy in bulk and buy early. Delays happen.<\/li>\n<li> Some used equipment can be a great bargain. Pharma is hemorrhaging stuff that works. Maybe avoid the used LC\/MS, but perfectly good rotary evaporators, vacuum ovens, centrifuges, fraction collectors, etc. Check out the surplus lab supply companies and call them directly with your wishlist. They have warehouses full of stuff that may or may not be on their websites.<\/li>\n<li> Ultrasonic cleaners can be found for about a third of the usual price if you buy them from jewelers supply companies.<\/li>\n<li> Ask for discounts. They are more available than you think, and can be 30 to 40%.<\/li>\n<li> Check surplus outlets.<\/li>\n<li> Look out for labs that are closing down.<\/li>\n<li> eBay, restaurant supply companies (stainless steel ware, etc.) and other non-lab sources can save you money on the same items you may use in your lab.<\/li>\n<li> labx.com, dovebid (www.go-dove.com - not so much for used analytical instruments, they can be difficult to get running again) and the <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.limsforum.com\/marketplace\/lab-supplies\/\">LIMSforum Marketplace<\/a> are resources for both new and used items.<\/li>\n<li> Watch out for auction houses' fees, and remember you will have to pick up\/ship.<\/li>\n<li> Always buy service contracts for big items.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ChemBark_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ChemBark-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Reddit_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Reddit-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Financial_plan\">Financial plan<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Creating a realistic financial plan with accurate data (where they are known) and sticking to its budget (or less) is crucial for your project to be successful. Even then, unforeseen economic or business factors may emerge and threaten its fulfillment.\n<\/p><p>Some elements of a good financial plan include:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <b>Important assumptions<\/b>: Current interest rates and sensible predictions of their likely changes over time, tax rate projections, market and other business factor projections, etc. all need to be considered and factored in as assumptions that impact the projected financial performance of your lab.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><i>Example of a Rates Prediction Table<\/i>\n<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Business_Plan_-_General_Assumptions_Table.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"845e56cd9023623de85c88b1041803c9\"><img alt=\"Business Plan - General Assumptions Table.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/f\/ff\/Business_Plan_-_General_Assumptions_Table.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\nA Break-Even Analysis takes monthly income and expenses into account to calculate the monthly income needed to (a) break even and (b) become profitable.\n<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Break-Even_Analysis.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"0c5a49e05bc02dda1da494e343a493e1\"><img alt=\"Break-Even Analysis.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Break-Even_Analysis.png\/466px-Break-Even_Analysis.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Fargo_6-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Fargo-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <b>Business ratios<\/b>: Business ratios are a measure of the company's actual net worth at any given point in time\u2014essentially a snapshot of its financial health. Like your personal financial statement, it shows the ratio between your company's liabilities and assets. However, in this context it plots the predicted ratio over several years, and also compares it to overall industry averages.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Business_Ratios_Table.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"13d1973071c00c48c0dcfde878acb1e3\"><img alt=\"Business Ratios Table.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Business_Ratios_Table.png\/450px-Business_Ratios_Table.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Fargo_6-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Fargo-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <b>Projected profit and loss<\/b>: Your monthly projection of profit and loss provides a useful guideline both for initial planning and for maintaining adherence to the plan month by month. If you start to see significant deviation\u2014and not in a good way\u2014then you can make adjustments in real time before things get too far out of control. And include an annual projection for a higher-level view showing the emergence from deficit operations to profitable business operations.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Business_Plan_-_Monthly_Profit_Chart.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"2dd46db20faa27685b54d349126b176a\"><img alt=\"Business Plan - Monthly Profit Chart.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/d\/dc\/Business_Plan_-_Monthly_Profit_Chart.png\/450px-Business_Plan_-_Monthly_Profit_Chart.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Fargo_6-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Fargo-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Business_Plan_-_Profit-Loss_Yearly_Chart.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"7af3b20990495b6dd4b6454facc1761a\"><img alt=\"Business Plan - Profit-Loss Yearly Chart.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/f\/f3\/Business_Plan_-_Profit-Loss_Yearly_Chart.png\/450px-Business_Plan_-_Profit-Loss_Yearly_Chart.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Fargo_6-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Fargo-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\nAdditionally, weekly projections will help you identify any problems even earlier, and make necessary adjustments well before they are seen in the monthly numbers. Any additional profit\/loss projection tools will all add to the risk management of your lab project.\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <b>Projected cash flow<\/b>: Having cash on hand, available for emergencies or just unforeseen contingencies is as important as meeting your profit\/loss predictions. More than one business has been forced shut because they were operating too close to full cashflow and unanticipated expenses appeared. The ongoing cash flow becomes more important over time as initial capital is expended. Incoming revenue, therefore, must make up the difference in maintaining a healthy buffer. As with all projections and actual records, it is important to make sure you have included everything that applies, including asset depreciation, interest, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Business_Plan_-_Cash_Flow.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"d01e8d73fec2d0d9b185386a2196e3a2\"><img alt=\"Business Plan - Cash Flow.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/3\/33\/Business_Plan_-_Cash_Flow.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Fargo_6-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Fargo-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <b>Opening day balance sheet<\/b>: Your opening day balance sheet provides the baseline for tracking your profitability and net worth going forward. The reality of it may be a little different than what you had predicted in your startup expenses and required capital balance sheet, but it's important that this one reflects reality.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>Projected balance sheet<\/b>: Along with the profit\/loss and cashflow projections, a projected balance sheet broken down by year provides another perspective to help gain a comprehensive view of what your financial plan predicts. Like the business ratios, it provides annual snapshots of predicted net worth and shows when that is projected to become positive.<\/li><\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Summary\">Summary<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Cannabis testing labs don't enjoy the huge profit margins (around 40%) that growers, sellers and extraction labs do (200% to 400%), but it's still significant. And while federal Schedule I classification remains in place, those high-profit industry players have to do business in cash for the most part, unable to utilize FDIC-insured banks, while independent labs can add cannabis testing to their services with no such restrictions.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SMEChat_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SMEChat-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> However, the Treasury Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) released a guidance document in February 2014 that \"does not grant immunity from prosecution or civil penalties to banks that serve legal marijuana businesses\" but rather \"directs prosecutors and regulators to give priority to cases only where financial institutions have failed to adhere to the guidance.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KovaleskiUS14_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KovaleskiUS14-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FinCEN_BSA14_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FinCEN_BSA14-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup> Furthermore, according to an Associated Press report in April 2016, the guidance has had some sort of impact, with banks and credit unions willing to handle any money associated with marijuana increasing from 51 in March 2014 to 301 in March 2016<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HansenBanking16_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HansenBanking16-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>, and up again to 411 in March 2018.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AngellMoreBanks18_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AngellMoreBanks18-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> And as the trend continues in both medicinal and recreational production and usage, states are quickly seeing that requirements to test cannabis products are essential in order to guarantee effectiveness, health and safety. So the market is there and rapidly growing. Good luck!\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"reflist references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-Bright_Future-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Bright_Future_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Tulsi, B.B. (02 October 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.labmanager.com\/labs-less-ordinary\/today-s-cannabis-research-market-4338\">\"A Bright Future for Cannabis Testing Services\"<\/a>. Lab Manager<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.labmanager.com\/labs-less-ordinary\/today-s-cannabis-research-market-4338\">https:\/\/www.labmanager.com\/labs-less-ordinary\/today-s-cannabis-research-market-4338<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=A+Bright+Future+for+Cannabis+Testing+Services&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Tulsi%2C+B.B.&rft.au=Tulsi%2C+B.B.&rft.date=02+October+2016&rft.pub=Lab+Manager&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.labmanager.com%2Flabs-less-ordinary%2Ftoday-s-cannabis-research-market-4338&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-DouglasPast18-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-DouglasPast18_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Douglas, S. (March 2020). <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php\/LII:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\" data-key=\"975368d26a0ee669df8f5f9c0690cece\">\"6. Final thoughts and Resources\"<\/a>. <i>Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free wiki-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php\/LII:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources\" data-key=\"975368d26a0ee669df8f5f9c0690cece\">https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php\/LII:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\/Final_thoughts_and_resources<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=6.+Final+thoughts+and+Resources&rft.atitle=Past%2C+Present%2C+and+Future+of+Cannabis+Laboratory+Testing+and+Regulation+in+the+United+States&rft.aulast=Douglas%2C+S.&rft.au=Douglas%2C+S.&rft.date=March+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.limswiki.org%2Findex.php%2FLII%3APast%2C_Present%2C_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States%2FFinal_thoughts_and_resources&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Snapshot-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Snapshot_3-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Schroyer, J. (01 January 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\">\"Industry Snapshot: Testing Labs - Data, Trends and Challenges\"<\/a>. <i>Marijuana Business Magazine<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\">https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Industry+Snapshot%3A+Testing+Labs+-+Data%2C+Trends+and+Challenges&rft.atitle=Marijuana+Business+Magazine&rft.aulast=Schroyer%2C+J.&rft.au=Schroyer%2C+J.&rft.date=01+January+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmjbizmagazine.com%2Findustry-snapshot-testing-labs&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Zwilling-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Zwilling_4-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Zwilling, M. (06 November 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.entrepreneur.com\/article\/229804\">\"10 Reasons Not to Write a Business Plan\"<\/a>. Entrepreneur, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.entrepreneur.com\/article\/229804\">https:\/\/www.entrepreneur.com\/article\/229804<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=10+Reasons+Not+to+Write+a+Business+Plan&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Zwilling%2C+M.&rft.au=Zwilling%2C+M.&rft.date=06+November+2013&rft.pub=Entrepreneur%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.entrepreneur.com%2Farticle%2F229804&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Hades-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Hades_5-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Hades, Z. (26 September 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/bitesizebio.com\/30527\/starting-new-lab\/\">\"Starting Up a New Lab: What you Need to Know\"<\/a>. <i>BiteSizeBio<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/bitesizebio.com\/30527\/starting-new-lab\/\">https:\/\/bitesizebio.com\/30527\/starting-new-lab\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Starting+Up+a+New+Lab%3A+What+you+Need+to+Know&rft.atitle=BiteSizeBio&rft.aulast=Hades%2C+Z.&rft.au=Hades%2C+Z.&rft.date=26+September+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbitesizebio.com%2F30527%2Fstarting-new-lab%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Fargo-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Fargo_6-0\">6.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Fargo_6-1\">6.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Fargo_6-2\">6.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Fargo_6-3\">6.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Fargo_6-4\">6.4<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Fargo_6-5\">6.5<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Fargo Medical Laboratories. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bplans.com\/laboratory-business-plan\/\">\"Laboratory Business Plan\"<\/a>. bplans.com<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bplans.com\/laboratory-business-plan\/\">https:\/\/www.bplans.com\/laboratory-business-plan\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Laboratory+Business+Plan&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Fargo+Medical+Laboratories&rft.au=Fargo+Medical+Laboratories&rft.pub=bplans.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bplans.com%2Flaboratory-business-plan%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Genovesi-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Genovesi_7-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Genovesi, L. (30 April 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.labmanager.com\/business-management\/secrets-of-a-successful-start-up-lab-6214\">\"Secrets of a Successful Start-up Lab\"<\/a>. Lab Manager<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.labmanager.com\/business-management\/secrets-of-a-successful-start-up-lab-6214\">https:\/\/www.labmanager.com\/business-management\/secrets-of-a-successful-start-up-lab-6214<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Secrets+of+a+Successful+Start-up+Lab&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Genovesi%2C+L.&rft.au=Genovesi%2C+L.&rft.date=30+April+2015&rft.pub=Lab+Manager&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.labmanager.com%2Fbusiness-management%2Fsecrets-of-a-successful-start-up-lab-6214&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-ChemBark-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-ChemBark_8-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Bracher, P. (09 April 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130413030324\/http:\/\/blog.chembark.com\/2013\/04\/09\/starting-up-a-chemistry-lab-advice-bargains\/\">\"Starting Up a Chemistry Lab: Advice & Bargains\"<\/a>. <i>ChemBark Blog<\/i>. Archived from <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.chembark.com\/2013\/04\/09\/starting-up-a-chemistry-lab-advice-bargains\/\">the original<\/a> on 13 April 2013<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130413030324\/http:\/\/blog.chembark.com\/2013\/04\/09\/starting-up-a-chemistry-lab-advice-bargains\/\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130413030324\/http:\/\/blog.chembark.com\/2013\/04\/09\/starting-up-a-chemistry-lab-advice-bargains\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Starting+Up+a+Chemistry+Lab%3A+Advice+%26+Bargains&rft.atitle=ChemBark+Blog&rft.aulast=Bracher%2C+P.&rft.au=Bracher%2C+P.&rft.date=09+April+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130413030324%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fblog.chembark.com%2F2013%2F04%2F09%2Fstarting-up-a-chemistry-lab-advice-bargains%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Reddit-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Reddit_9-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">freesky99z (26 February 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/chemistry\/comments\/19aui0\/tips_for_the_frugal_chemist\/\">\"Tips for the frugal chemist?\"<\/a>. <i>Reddit Chemistry<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/chemistry\/comments\/19aui0\/tips_for_the_frugal_chemist\/\">https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/chemistry\/comments\/19aui0\/tips_for_the_frugal_chemist\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Tips+for+the+frugal+chemist%3F&rft.atitle=Reddit+Chemistry&rft.aulast=freesky99z&rft.au=freesky99z&rft.date=26+February+2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2Fchemistry%2Fcomments%2F19aui0%2Ftips_for_the_frugal_chemist%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SMEChat-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SMEChat_10-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">deCesare, K. (02 March 2017). \"LinkedIn conversation\". \"Growers can average a 300%-400% profit, extraction companies 200%-300%, dispensaries at least double their profit. Most labs are lucky to make 40%.\"<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=LinkedIn+conversation&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=deCesare%2C+K.&rft.au=deCesare%2C+K.&rft.date=02+March+2017&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-KovaleskiUS14-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-KovaleskiUS14_11-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Kovaleski, S.F. (14 February 2014). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/02\/15\/us\/us-issues-marijuana-guidelines-for-banks.html\">\"U.S. Issues Marijuana Guidelines for Banks\"<\/a>. <i>The New York Times<\/i>. The New York Times Corporation<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/02\/15\/us\/us-issues-marijuana-guidelines-for-banks.html\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2014\/02\/15\/us\/us-issues-marijuana-guidelines-for-banks.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=U.S.+Issues+Marijuana+Guidelines+for+Banks&rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.aulast=Kovaleski%2C+S.F.&rft.au=Kovaleski%2C+S.F.&rft.date=14+February+2014&rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Corporation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F02%2F15%2Fus%2Fus-issues-marijuana-guidelines-for-banks.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FinCEN_BSA14-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-FinCEN_BSA14_12-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (14 February 2014). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fincen.gov\/resources\/statutes-regulations\/guidance\/bsa-expectations-regarding-marijuana-related-businesses\">\"BSA Expectations Regarding Marijuana-Related Businesses\"<\/a>. U.S. Department of the Treasury<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fincen.gov\/resources\/statutes-regulations\/guidance\/bsa-expectations-regarding-marijuana-related-businesses\">https:\/\/www.fincen.gov\/resources\/statutes-regulations\/guidance\/bsa-expectations-regarding-marijuana-related-businesses<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=BSA+Expectations+Regarding+Marijuana-Related+Businesses&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Financial+Crimes+Enforcement+Network&rft.au=Financial+Crimes+Enforcement+Network&rft.date=14+February+2014&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+the+Treasury&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fincen.gov%2Fresources%2Fstatutes-regulations%2Fguidance%2Fbsa-expectations-regarding-marijuana-related-businesses&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-HansenBanking16-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-HansenBanking16_13-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Hansen, K.; Johnson, G. (20 April 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/bigstory.ap.org\/article\/804ae396daab4ba98f814b186f872ef6\/banking-woes-easing-some-legal-pot-businesses\">\"Banking woes easing for some legal pot businesses\"<\/a>. <i>Associated Press: The Big Story<\/i>. Associated Press<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/bigstory.ap.org\/article\/804ae396daab4ba98f814b186f872ef6\/banking-woes-easing-some-legal-pot-businesses\">http:\/\/bigstory.ap.org\/article\/804ae396daab4ba98f814b186f872ef6\/banking-woes-easing-some-legal-pot-businesses<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Banking+woes+easing+for+some+legal+pot+businesses&rft.atitle=Associated+Press%3A+The+Big+Story&rft.aulast=Hansen%2C+K.%3B+Johnson%2C+G.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+K.%3B+Johnson%2C+G.&rft.date=20+April+2016&rft.pub=Associated+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigstory.ap.org%2Farticle%2F804ae396daab4ba98f814b186f872ef6%2Fbanking-woes-easing-some-legal-pot-businesses&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-AngellMoreBanks18-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-AngellMoreBanks18_14-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Angell, T. (14 June 2018). <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"#4d828ed21b1b\">\"More Banks Working With Marijuana Businesses, Despite Federal Moves\"<\/a>. <i>Forbes<\/i>. Forbes Media, LLC<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"#4d828ed21b1b\">https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tomangell\/2018\/06\/14\/more-banks-working-with-marijuana-businesses-despite-federal-moves\/#4d828ed21b1b<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 13 November 2018<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=More+Banks+Working+With+Marijuana+Businesses%2C+Despite+Federal+Moves&rft.atitle=Forbes&rft.aulast=Angell%2C+T.&rft.au=Angell%2C+T.&rft.date=14+June+2018&rft.pub=Forbes+Media%2C+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Ftomangell%2F2018%2F06%2F14%2Fmore-banks-working-with-marijuana-businesses-despite-federal-moves%2F%234d828ed21b1b&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.208 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.257 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 8737\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 14042\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 61416\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 26652\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 12\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","047b2ad1d30cb0616024a97782db32d3_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/f\/fb\/Canna_Lab_Lady_at_Microscope.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/3\/35\/Canna_Lab_Pic_Facing_Left.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/2\/20\/Marketing_-_girl-iphone-social-media_facing_right.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/a\/a6\/Canna_Potency_Test_Prep.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/7\/70\/Lab_Organizational_Chart.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/f\/ff\/Business_Plan_-_General_Assumptions_Table.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/c\/cb\/Break-Even_Analysis.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/c\/cb\/Business_Ratios_Table.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/d\/dc\/Business_Plan_-_Monthly_Profit_Chart.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/f\/f3\/Business_Plan_-_Profit-Loss_Yearly_Chart.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/3\/33\/Business_Plan_-_Cash_Flow.png"],"047b2ad1d30cb0616024a97782db32d3_timestamp":1610467623,"293afaa1e1840205a1abca612e540e82_type":"article","293afaa1e1840205a1abca612e540e82_title":"The Cannabis Laboratory","293afaa1e1840205a1abca612e540e82_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Laboratory","293afaa1e1840205a1abca612e540e82_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tThe Cannabis Laboratory \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tThe term \"cannabis laboratory\" is a fairly broad description that covers a variety of types of labs that are involved in the fast-growing cannabis industry in any way. These can include soil, seed and fertilizer testing labs (in fact, state agriculture department labs can be included here, in states where the industry has been legalized), research labs, pharmaceutical labs, QC testing and certification labs, drug testing\/pain management labs, and clinical testing labs.\nThat said, probably the most common type of cannabis lab in legalized states and Canada is the analytical\/QA lab, to provide certified product analysis for labeling and to meet state\/national standards and regulations. As the industry matures from its early \"wild West\" phase into more of an established and organized community, the vision of what a cannabis testing lab looks like has similarly been brought more sharply into focus. Standard tests look for various THC (\u22069-Tetrahydrocannabinol) and cannabinoid-related results, pesticides, heavy metals, residual solvents, and microbial contaminants like E. coli, Salmonella, and various yeasts and molds.[1] More recently, water activity has become a standard test in many canna labs as well.[2][3] As the state of California has recently (January 2019) adopted their regulations into law, those tests and related thresholds and limits are arguably the best current template a lab might use to determine the requirements that are likely to apply to them in any other state as things progress.\n\nContents\n\n1 Regulations and standards \n2 Testing and workflows \n3 Analytical aspects of cannabis \n\n3.1 Cannabinoids \n3.2 Terpenes \n3.3 Contaminates \n\n\n4 Methods and guidelines \n\n4.1 Sampling \n4.2 Cannabinoid testing \n4.3 Terpene testing \n4.4 Contaminate testing \n\n\n5 Reports \n6 Lab equipment \n7 Software \n\n7.1 LIMS \n7.2 CDS \n7.3 Seed-to-sale \n\n\n8 Future of cannabis regulation, testing, and market trends \n\n8.1 Lab testing \n\n\n9 References \n\n\n\nRegulations and standards \nStandards apply to cannabis labs as they do to any labs, and baseline certifications and standards include GLP\/GALP, ISO\/IEC 17025, and ISO 9001. Additionally, while some disconnects between federal and state laws do exist, quality assurance and quality control (QA\/QC) are still subject to 21 CFR Parts 210 and 211[4] Part 11, and, in New York for example, the DEA.[5]\nAlong with the several areas of testing related to the seed-to-sale industry come regulations and standards, managed by several different bodies. For instance, in California, state agencies involved include, among others, the[6]:\n\n California Department of Food and Agriculture (regulation and licensing of marijuana cultivation)\n California Department of Public Health (monitoring and licensing of the manufacturing of marijuana edibles)\n California Water Boards (regulation of the environmental impacts of growing marijuana on the water supply)\n California Department of Fish and Wildlife (mitigation of cultivation-related impacts on local environments)\n California Department of Pesticide Regulation (regulation of what marijuana can be exposed to during cultivation)\nLaboratories in most states will be subject to similar regulation, according to their particular role in the industry. There are various validation consultants and companies who have begun to specialize in this industry. Also, some standards organizations, resources and recommendations from existing organizations have emerged, including the:\n\n A2LA Cannabis Testing Laboratory Accreditation Program\n APHL Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs\n Cannabis Industry Journal\n Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment's Marijuana reference library\n Foundation of Cannabis Unified Standards (FOCUS)\n Leafly's Cannabis testing regulations: A state-by-state guide\n National Cannabis Industry Association (NCIA)\n ORELAP cannabis testing accreditation guidelines\nFor more about regulations and standards for cannabis laboratories, see Regulatory Compliance.\n\nTesting and workflows \nIn the relatively short time the cannabis testing industry has been around, it has nonetheless settled into a fairly standard set of tests and methods. These fall into two main categories: potency and safety. Both are important, whether for medical applications or recreational use. Related to potency is a third category: strain validation, usually through terpene testing, and analyzing the balance between terpenes and cannabinoids to determine the particular product strain. Genetics testing falls into this category of strain determination as well, and it's also used for sex determination. All can be generally viewed as aspects of QA\/QC.[7][8][9]\nStandard cannabis QA testing includes[10]:\n\n Potency (cannabinoids)\n Terpenoids (optional)\n Strain (terpenoid\/cannabinoid ratios; optional)\n Residual solvents (volatile organic compounds or VOCs)\n Pesticides\n Heavy metals\n Water activity\n Moisture content\n Foreign materials\n Mold\/fungus\/yeast and microbiological contaminants\/pathogens\nThese types of testing obviously break down into individual analytes and metabolites, with over 750 constituents existing in cannabis.[11]\nMethods and their workflows depend on the type of lab (extraction only, QA\/QC, commercial, production), but generally (apart from extraction-only labs) they consist of easy, secure web portal-enabled test requests; chain of custody (COC) tracking of samples (with RFID or barcode); test\/instrument assignment (see below for more on this); QC sample inclusion; any number of analyst, peer and\/or supervisory reviews; notification of out-of-range results; and certificate of analysis (COA) reports (able to be emailed and\/or retrieved by secure web portal).[12]\n\nAnalytical aspects of cannabis \nWhat aspects of cannabis are actually being analyzed, and how? The following, is taken from Chapter 3 of Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States on LIMSwiki.\n\nCannabinoids \nAs of mid-2015, researchers have identified 104 of the more than 750 constituents of Cannabis sativa as cannabinoids[11], active chemical compounds that act in a similar way to compounds our body naturally produces, and new cannabinoids continue to be identified during cannabis research.[13][14] Many of our body's cells have cannabinoid receptors capable of modulating neurotransmitter release in the brain and other areas.[15] The plant's cannabinoids vary, with each bonding to specific receptors in our body, providing differing effects. From a theoretical and medical standpoint, crafting a strain of cannabis that has specific cannabinoids that can aid with a particular malady, while also carefully reproducing the grow conditions to consistently make that strain in the future, is a desirable but difficult goal to achieve.[16] However, even as new strains are developed, identifying an existing strain effectively has its own set of challenges, as Mudge et al. point out: \"the total [tetrahydrocannabinol] and [cannabidiol] content is not sufficient to distinguish strains [though] a combination of targeted and untargeted chemometric approaches can be used to predict cannabinoid composition and to better understand the impact of informal breeding program and selection on the phytochemical diversity of cannabis.\"[13]\nLab testing of cannabinoids is done primarily as a measure of psychoactive \"potency,\" though cannabinoids have many other potential therapeutic uses. Current laboratory testing looks at only a handful of cannabinoids; more research and development of analytical techniques that can quickly and accurately detect and separate the the rest is required.[17] Some of the major cannabinoids tested for include[13][17][5][18]:\n\n THC (\u22069-Tetrahydrocannabinol): This is the most commonly known cannabinoid found in cannabis, notable for its strong psychoactive effects and ability to aid with pain, sleep, and appetite issues. Included is its analogue \u22068-Tetrahydrocannabinol (which shows notably less strong psychoactive effects than \u22069[19]) and its homologue THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin), which tends to appear in trace amounts and has a more pronounced psychoactive effect, but for a shorter duration. THCV shows promise in fighting anxiety, tremors from neurological disorders, appetite issues, and special cases of bone loss. Also notable is \u03949-THCA (\u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid), a non-psychoactive biosynthetic precursor to THC. \n CBC (Cannabichromene): This non-psychoactive cannabinoid is found in trace amounts; however, it tends to be markedly more effective at treating anxiety and stress than CBD (see next). It's also notable for its anti-inflamatory properties and potential use for bone deficiencies. \n CBD (Cannabidiol): CBD is a non-psychoactive component of cannabis, typically accounting for up to 35 to 40 percent of cannabis extracts. It acts as a counter-balance to THC, regulating its psychoactivity. It's been researched as a treatment for anxiety, sleep loss, inflammation, stress, pain, and epilepsy, among other afflictions. Included is its homologue CBDV (Cannabidivarin), which is also non-psychoactive and demonstrates promise as a treatment for epileptic seizures. Also notable is CBDA (Cannabidiolic acid), a non-psychoactive biosynthetic precursor to CBD.\n CBG (Cannabigerol): This cannabinoid is also non-psychoactive but only appears in trace amounts of cannabis. If has potential as a sleep aid, anti-bacterial, and cell growth stimulant. Also notable is CBGA (Cannabigerolic acid), a non-psychoactive biosynthetic precursor to CBG.\n CBN (Cannabinol): CBN is mildly psychoactive at best and appears only in trace amounts in Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica. It occurs largely as a metabolite of THC and tends to have one of the strongest sedative effects among cannabinoids. It shows promise as a treatment for insomnia, glaucoma, and certain types of pain.\nTerpenes \nMandated lab testing of terpenes\u2014volatile organic compounds that distinctly affect cannabis aroma and taste\u2014is done primarily as a way to ensure proper labeling of cannabis and related products, including extracts and concentrates, so buyers have confidence in what they are purchasing.[20][21][22] However, additional lab research goes into terpenes as they also show potentially useful pharmacological properties[20][22][23], and they demonstrate synergies (referred to at times as the \"entourage effect\") with cannabinoids that largely still require further exploration.[7][23][22][24] Testing for specific terpenes (discussed later) is less of a standardized practice, though it's rapidly improving.[20] Commonly tested terpenes by third-party testing labs include[22][21][23][7][18][9]:\n\n Bisabolol\n Caryophyllene\n Cymene\n Humulene\n Limonene\n Linalool\n Myrcene\n Phytol\n Pinene\n Terpinolene\nContaminates \nGenerally speaking, a contaminate is an unwanted substance that may show up in the final product, be it recreational marijuana or a pharmaceutical company's therapeutic tincture. The following are examples of contaminates that laboratories may test for in cannabis products. \nPesticides: Pesticides represent the Wild West of not only growing cannabis but also performing analytical testing on it. One of the core issues, again, is the fact that on the federal level marijuana is illegal. Because it's illegal, government agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) don't test and create standards or guidelines for what's safe when it comes to residual pesticides, let alone how to best test for them.[25][26] Additionally, researchers face their fair share of difficulties obtaining product to test. The end result is we don't know much about how inhalation of pesticide-coated marijuana smoke affects long-term health[25][26], and we have few standard methods for pesticide application and testing.[7][27] With numerous pesticide products and little oversight on what growers apply to their plants, combined with the technical difficulty of testing for pesticides in the lab, pesticides remain one of the most difficult contaminates to test for.[7][27] That said, several classes of of pesticides are commonly applied during cannabis cultivation and can be tested for by labs[5][12][28]:\n\n avermectins: functions as an insecticide that is useful against mites, which are a common problem for cultivators\n carbamates: functions as an insecticide, similar to organophosphates, but with decreased dermal toxicity and higher degradation\n organophosphates: functions as the base of many insecticides and herbicides, valued for its easy organic bonding\n pyrethroids: functions as the base of most household insecticides and exhibits insect repellent properties\n\r\n\nSolvents: In 2003, Canadian Rick Simpson published a recipe of sorts for preparing cannabis extract via the use of solvents such as naphtha or petroleum ether. Claiming the resulting oil helped cure his skin cancer, others hoping for a cure tried it, and the solvent method of preparation grew in popularity. Dubious healing claims aside, the solvent extraction method remains viable, though it has evolved over the years to include less harmful solvents such as supercritical carbon dioxide, which has low toxicity, low environmental impact, and beneficial extraction properties.[7][29][30] However, chemical solvents are still used, and if not evaporated out properly, the remaining solvents can be particularly harmful to sick patients using the extract. As for what solvents should be tested for, it gets a bit trickier, though Chapter 467 of United States Pharmacopeia and The National Formulary, the Oregon Health Authority's December 2015 technical report on contaminant testing of cannabis, and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health's response to public comments on cannabis testing provide helpful guidance. Listed solvents include benzene, butane, cumene, dimethoxyethane, hexane, and pentane, among others.[12][5][7][28][31][32]\n\r\n\nHeavy metals: 2013 research on contaminant testing on the behalf of Washington State provides insights into heavy metals and why they're looked for in cannabis testing. That research, as well as other sources, tell us[12][5][7][33]:\n\n Heavy metals contribute to several health problems, including those of a neurological nature.\n Cannabis can \"hyperaccumulate metals from contaminated soils.\"\n Research parallels can be found in tobacco research and how the FDA regulates heavy metal content in foods.\n The most prominently tested heavy metals include arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni).\n\r\n\nMycotoxins and microorganisms: \"The ideal conditions for cannabis growth are also ideal for the growth of potentially harmful bacteria and fungi, including yeast and molds,\" say Shimadzu's Scott Kuzdzal and William Lipps, \"therefore microbial contamination poses health risks to consumers and immunocompromised individuals.\"[17] In truth, these concerns have already borne out. In fact, the University of California, Davis reported in February 2017 one of its patients had contracted an incurable fungal infection from inhaling aerosolized marijuana. They later tested 20 marijuana samples from Northern California dispensaries\u2014using specialized techniques\u2014and found a wide variety of potentially hazardous microorganisms.[34]\nThe degree to which such contaminates commonly appear in grown and stored cannabis material and to which microbiological contaminates should be tested is not clear, however. As mentioned previously, neither the U.S. EPA or neighboring Health Canada provide any significant guidance on cannabis testing, including microbiological contaminates.[35] Like heavy metal testing, parallels are drawn from microbial testing guidelines and standards relating to tobacco and food, where they exist.[35] As warm, moist environments are conducive to microorganism growth, maintaining stable moisture levels during cultivation and storage is essential. Regularly measuring water activity\u2014how moist something is\u2014is particularly useful as a front-line preventative tool to better ensure microbial growth is limited.[28] Regardless, testing of some kind is still required by many U.S. states, including for organisms such as[17][5][7][28][34][35][36][37]:\n\n Alternaria\n Aspergillus\n Cryptococcus\n E. coli\n Mucor\n Penicillium\n Salmonella\nMethods and guidelines \nNow that we've addressed what's being tested for, we can move on to how they're being tested and what's being done to improve testing methods and procedures, including associated guidelines and recommendations. It would be beyond the scope of this guide to include every state's laws and guidelines on cannabis testing; entities such as Leafly Holdings and NORML provide such online resources. Instead, this section will focus on current and promising techniques using generalizations based on information from multiple sources. If any guidelines and recommendations are known, they'll be included.\n\nSampling \nRandom, representative sampling is encouraged. When dealing with solid cannabis, BOTEC Analysis recommends a \"quartering\" method that divides the sample into four equal parts and takes portions from opposite sections of a square-shaped arrangement of the sample. For liquid cannabis products, remembering to stir before sample collection is advised.[5] When deriving a sample from a cannabis-laden edible, the QuEChERS approach used by food safety labs for pesticide testing has practical use.[38] In fact, a variety of parallels have been drawn from the food and herbal medicine industries' sampling guidelines, including from the Codex Alimentarius Commission's CAC\/GL 50-2004 General Guidelines on Sampling as well as various chapters of the United States Pharmacopeia and The National Formulary.[5][39] As the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) points out, \"[g]ood sampling is key to improving analytical data equivalency among organizations,\" and it provides a solid base for any future testing and standardization efforts.[5] \nAdditional sampling insight can be found by examining other states' guidelines, e.g., Massachusetts' Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries.[40]\n\nCannabinoid testing \nQuantifying cannabinoids for label accuracy is a major goal of testing, though calculation and testing processes may vary slightly from state to state. Despite any differences, laboratorians generally agree that when testing for cannabinoids such as THC and CBD, as well as their respective biosynthetic precursors THCA and CBDA, the methodology used must be scrutinized. The naturally occurring THCA of cannabis isn't psychoactive; it requires decarboxylation (a chemical reaction induced by drying\/heating that releases carbon dioxide) to convert itself into the psychoactive cannabinoid THC. Chemical calculations show that the process of decarboxylation results in approximately 87.7 percent of the THCA's mass converting to THC, with the other 12.3 percent bubbling off as CO2 gas.[41] The problem with this in the testing domain is gas chromatography (GC) involves heating the sample solution. If you, the lab technician, require precise numbers of both THCA and THC, then GC analysis poses the risk of under-reporting THC total values.[5] As such, liquid chromatography-diode array detection (LC-DAD) may be required if a concise profile of all cannabinoids must be made, primarily because it provides environmental stability for them all during analysis. If GC is used, the analysis requires extra considerations such as sample derivatization.[5][7][42][43]\nThe APHL briefly describes analysis methods of cannabinoids using both LC and GC on pages 31\u201332 of their May 2016 Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs. They also point to New York Department of Health - Wadsworth Center's various guidance documents (MML-300, -301, and -303) for methodologies when testing sample types other than solids, particularly using high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection (HPLC-PAD).[5][44] Also worth noting is that ASTM's Subcommittee D37.03 is working on various standard methods for determining cannabinoid concentrations using different chromatography techniques[45], while the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) has already developed a Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR) for analyzing cannabinoids in hemp (i.e., low THC cannabis varieties).[46] Overall, methods used in cannabinoid testing include[5][7][44][47][48][49]:\n\n Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR; has limitations, such as requiring standard samples tested w\/ other methods)\n Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID; requires sample derivatization for both acid and neutral compounds; good with standards like 5\u03b1-cholestane, docosane, and tetracosane)\n Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS; requires sample derivatization for both acid and neutral compounds; good with standards like deuterated cannabinoids)\n Gas chromatography\u2013vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (GC-VUV)\n High-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection (HPLC-PAD; stable for all forms of cannabinoids)\n High-performance liquid chromatography UV detection (HPLC-UV)\n Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC; newer technology w\/ added benefits)\n Thin-layer chromatography (TLC; older, less common technology)\n Ultra-performance chromatography (UPC; newer technology w\/ added benefits)\nAlso worthy of note is recent investigation of viably using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a more affordable and rapid solution to identifying cannabinoid contents and profiles of samples. Conferences[50], research[51][52][53], and articles[54][55][56] over the last few years have advanced the use of NMR spectroscopy for cannabinoid analysis.\n\nTerpene testing \nIdentifying and quantifying terpenes is one of the more difficult tasks facing laboratorians[7]:\n\nTerpenes present an analytical challenge because they are nonpolar and structurally similar, and many structural isomers exist. Mass spectrometry (MS) cannot distinguish terpenes that co-elute from a GC column because many have the same molecular weight and share fragment ions.\nOf course, types of gas chromatography work; but like cannabinoids, terpenes can degrade with the high heat of gas chromatography.[49] Combined with the problems mentioned above, highly specialized gas chromatography processes that include additional steps, such as full evaporation technique headspace gas chromatography flame ionization detection (FET-HS-GC-FID), can be used to produce cleaner results, particularly for volatile components.[7] It's less clear if high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used frequently; some entities such as Eurofins Experchem Laboratories claim HPLC works best for them[49], while others such as Restek Corporation claim the method is problematic at best.[57]\nOverall, methods for terpene identification and analysis include[7][9][48][58][49][59][60]:\n\n Full evaporation technique\u2013headspace\u2013gas chromatography\u2013flame ionization detection (FET-HS-GC-FID; tends to be semi-quantitative)\n Gas chromatography\u2013flame ionization detection (GC-FID)\n Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS)\n Gas chromatography\u2013vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (GC-VUV)\n Headspace\u2013gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS)\n Headspace\u2013solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)\n High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; may have limitations due to coelution of terpenes and cannabinoids at certain ranges[57])\nContaminate testing \nPesticides: Gas and liquid chromatography methods are by and large the staple of testing methods for pesticides, which remain \"the hardest analyses that are going to be done in the cannabis industry.\"[7] Notably, high-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS\/MS) tends to be one of the most thorough methods says Emerald Scientific's CTO Amanda Rigdon. \"Ninety-five percent of the pesticides out there can be analyzed by HPLC-MS\/MS, although there are some that you would need a GC-MS\/MS for,\" she says.[7] A popular sample extraction method for detecting multiple pesticide residues in cannabis is the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method, which shows \"acceptable recoveries and relative standard deviations\" for almost all known pesticides[61][62][63][64], though the release of heat and increase in pH of QuECHERS may degrade particularly sensitive pesticides in the sample.[65] However, other methods such as solvent extraction (such as with acetonitrile) with dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) cleanup[62][64][65] and energized dispersive guided extraction (EDGE) may also been used.[60] Common testing methods that have been used, after sample preparation, include[5][59][60][63][64][65]:\n Gas chromatography\u2013electron capture detection (GC-ECD)\n Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS)\n Gas chromatography\u2013tandem-mass spectrometry (GC-MS\/MS)\n Liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC-MS; also high-performance or HPLC-MS)\n Liquid chromatography\u2013tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS; also high-performance or HPLC-MS\/MS)\nFor quantification of pesticides in cannabis, the AOAC's SMPR 2018.011, EPA's Residue Analytical Methods (RAM), and FDA's Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM) provide guidance to labs.[5][66][67][68]\n\r\n\nSolvents: Testing for solvents is largely standardized into a few options, which have parallels to existing pharmaceutical testing standards outlined in Chapter 467 of United States Pharmacopeia and The National Formulary (USP <467>)[31][5][7][59][69][70]:\n\n Headspace\u2013gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry (HS-GC\/MS)\n Headspace\u2013gas chromatography\u2013flame ionization detection\u2013mass spectrometry (HS-GC-FID-MS)\n Full evaporation technique\u2013headspace\u2013gas chromatography\u2013flame ionization detection (FET-HS-GC-FID)\nMassachusetts and Oregon\u2014and likely other states\u2014have used a variety of guidance documents such as USP <467>, reports from the Commission of the European Communities' Scientific Committee on Food (now the European Food Safety Authority), and the International Conference on Harmonization's (ICH) Q3C(R5)[5][32][28][31] to set their action level testing values for particular solvents. The AOAC provides another standardized option in the form of their SMPR 2019.002.[71]\n\r\n\nHeavy metals: The methods used for quantifying levels of highly toxic metals in plants depend on ease-of-use, level of accuracy, and overall cost. Sample preparation typically includes the use of closed-vessel microwave digestion to get the sample into solution for analysis.[60][72] Once prepared, the following methods are most common for testing cannabis and other plants for heavy metals[12][5][7][73][59]:\n\n Inductively coupled plasma\u2013atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), sometimes called inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (at times coupled with an ultrasonic nebulizer)\n Inductively coupled plasma\u2013mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)\n Inductively coupled plasma\u2013tandem-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS\/MS)\nFor quantification of metals in cannabis, the U.S. FDA's ICP-MS methodology document is often used.[5][74]\n\r\n\nMycotoxins and microorganisms: A standard method of testing for the existence of microorganisms is through the process of culturing a sample in a Petri dish, a common diagnostic method in microbiology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is also used, particularly to identify mycotoxins. However, Petri culture analysis isn't rigorous, and ELISA can be time consuming, as it's limited to one mycotoxin per test.[12][7][35] The following are other, more precise techniques that are improving laboratorians' analyses, particularly using DNA snippets of microbiological contaminates[12][7][35][75][76]:\n\n Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)\n Whole metagenome shotgun (WMGS) sequencing\n Matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization (MALDI)\n High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)\n Liquid chromatography\u2013tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS)\n Liquid chromatography\u2013electrospray ionization\u2013tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS\/MS)\n Liquid chromatography\u2013atmospheric pressure chemical ionization\u2013tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS\/MS)\nThe extent of mycotoxin testing required remains in question by several entities. The APHL claims \"[t]here is no readily available evidence to support the contention that cannabis harbors significant levels of mycotoxins.\"[5] The Oregon Health Authority takes a more middle-ground approach, noting that testing for E. coli and Salmonella will \"protect public health,\" though Aspergillus only deserves a warning for people with suppressed immune systems due to its prevalence in the environment.[28] USP <561> recommendations largely limit mycotoxin testing of botanical products to those borne from root or rhizome material[77], \"which THC-containing cannabis products presumably do not possess,\" emphasizes the APHL.[5] Regardless, U.S. Pharmacopeia's Chapter 561 remains a useful document for testing guidelines and limits regarding microbials[77][5], as does the AOAC's SMPR 2019.001 for the detection of Aspergillus.[78] In the less common case of dealing with powdered cannabis\u2014a relatively new THC extract form\u2014Chapter 2023 provides at least some testing parallels, though Dr. Tony Cundell, a microbiologist consulting for the pharmaceutical industry, suggests USP <2023> doesn't go far enough for immunocompromised patients.[79]\nSomewhat related and worth mentioning is moisture content testing. As previously mentioned, warm, moist environments are conducive to microorganism growth, and regularly measuring water activity is useful for the prevention of microbial growth.[28] The APHL references specifications from the Dutch Office of Medical Cannabis that recommend water content be between five to ten percent in cannabis.[5]\n\nReports \nAlong with increasingly specific regulations for handling and testing cannabis, including various track and trace systems, has come some standardization for lab reporting of cannabis test results, at least within a state or across Canada. Some U.S. states have outlined requirements for what must be included in such reports. \nCalifornia's cannabis regulations include specific report requirements, including sample image, the words \"Regulatory Compliance Testing\" at top right and an overall pass\/fail rating for the sample. Here are the COA minimum requirements: \n\n The term \u201cRegulatory Compliance Testing\u201d in font no smaller than 14-point, which shall appear in the upper-right corner of each page of the COA. No text or images shall appear above the term \u201cRegulatory Compliance Testing\u201d on any page of the COA.\n Laboratory\u2019s name, licensed premises address, and license number;\n Licensed distributor\u2019s or licensed microbusiness authorized to engage in distribution\u2019s name, licensed premises address, and license number;\n Licensed cultivator\u2019s, licensed manufacturer\u2019s, or licensed microbusiness\u2019 name, licensed premises address, and license number;\n Batch number of the batch from which the sample was obtained. For cannabis goods that are already packaged at the time of sampling, the labeled batch number on the packaged cannabis goods shall match the batch number on the COA;\n Sample identifying information, including matrix type and unique sample identifiers;\n Sample history, including the date collected, the date received by the laboratory, and the date(s) of sample analyses and corresponding testing results;\n A picture of the sample of cannabis goods. If the sample is pre-packaged, the picture must include an unobstructed image of the packaging;\n For dried flower samples, the total weight of the batch, in grams or pounds, and the total weight, of the representative sample in grams;\n For cannabis product or pre-rolls samples, the total unit count of both the representative sample and the total batch size;\n Measured density of the cannabis goods;\n The analytical methods, analytical instrumentation used, and corresponding Limits of Detection (LOD) and Limits of Quantitation (LOQ);\n An attestation on the COA from the laboratory supervisory or management employee that all LQC samples required by section 5730 of this division were performed and met the acceptance criteria; and\n Analytes detected during the analyses of the sample that are unknown, unidentified, or injurious to human health if consumed, if any.\n(f) The laboratory shall report test results for each representative sample on the COA as follows:\n(1) Indicate an overall \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d for the entire batch;\n(2) When reporting qualitative results for each analyte, the laboratory shall indicate \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d; Bureau of Cannabis Control Order of Adoption - 116 of 138\n(3) When reporting quantitative results for each analyte, the laboratory shall use the appropriate units of measurement as required under this chapter;\n(4) When reporting results for each test method, the laboratory shall indicate \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d;\n(5) When reporting results for any analytes that were detected below the analytical method LOQ, indicate \u201c<LOQ\u201d, notwithstanding cannabinoid results;\n(6) When reporting results for any analytes that were not detected or detected below the LOD, indicate \u201cND\u201d; and\n(7) Indicate \u201cNT\u201d for any test that the laboratory did not perform.<\/dd>\n(g) The laboratory supervisory or management employee shall validate the accuracy of the information contained on the COA and sign and date the COA.\nAuthority: Section 26013, Business and Professions Code. Reference: Sections 26100, 26104 and 26110, Business and Professions Code.[80]\nPennsylvania provides another example with its medical marijuana program (28 Pa. Code Chapter 1171), which includes a section on test results and reporting (1171.31). The regulations stipulate reporting by electronic tracking system, with stipulations on using certificates of analysis which include lot\/batch number and the specific compounds and contaminates tested.[81] Regulations aside, it's largely up to the laboratory\u2014and often by extension, the software they're using\u2014to decide how a report is formatted. Some labs like Seattle-based Analytical 360 offer clean, color-based certificates of analysis, with high-magnification photographs, the chromatogram, potency, cannabinoid content, contaminate content, and explanation of limits, with the name of the approving analyst.[82][83] Others may simply generate a computer printout with the basic data and a legend.[84] Reports may originate from the measuring device itself (e.g., an integrator in a chromatography device), a middleware or data station attached to the instrument, or a laboratory information management system (LIMS) that accepted data from the instrument.[85]\nThough not directly related to laboratory testing, it's worth noting states also have their own reporting requirements for growers, processors, and dispensaries. Both Oregon and Washington, for example, require monthly reports related to medical marijuana transfers.[86][87]\n\nLab equipment \nAs indicated in previous sections, spectrometry and chromatography have played and will continue to play an important role in cannabis laboratory testing. This should not be surprising: \"mass spectrometry is superior to other spectral techniques in such features as sensitivity, selectivity, generation possibility of molecular mass\/formula, and combinability with chromatography.\"[88] Analyzing complex chemical compounds that have many features and which are at times difficult to differentiate from each other proves challenging, but these technologies excel in meeting that task.[88] Refer to the previous \"Methods and guidelines\" section to note the specific technology associated with each molecule and contaminate. Aside from spectrometry and chromatography equipment, the analysis of microorganisms in cannabis may turn to DNA analysis methods that require additional equipment such as a thermal cycler (qPCR) or sequencer (WMGS), or ELISA, which utilizes a photometer or spectrophotometer. Of course, preparing and storing samples requires equipment as well, such as microplates, centrifuges, comparison standards, capillaries, chemicals, columns, Petri dishes, scales, and disposable gloves. Software-based data management systems may also constitute equipment and are discussed in the next section.\nWhen it comes to purchasing lab equipment specifically for cannabis testing, a 2015 interview with Emerald Scientific's CTO Amanda Rigdon (then with Restek Corporation) provides good advice[89]:\n\n Industry-specific instrumentation isn't needed in most cases as most of the techniques and equipment used in food and herbal medicine testing have strong parallels to cannabis testing.\n That said, some sample preparation tools, standards, and consumables specifically marketed to the industry may very well make the job quicker and more reliable.\n Appropriate sample preparation techniques are just as vital as the equipment you use.\n Do your research; many instrument companies are examining methodologies usable on conventional equipment, lessening the need for more expensive devices.\n If buying used equipment, make sure the original manufacturer is still in business and producing consumables and replacement parts. Make sure your planned methods match the equipment, and make sure it's not so old that it can't be serviced by a qualified technician.\nSoftware \nLaboratories increasingly depend on software to analyze, store, and share critical data from instruments and experiments.[90] This has led to the development of laboratory-specific software like the laboratory information management system (LIMS), electronic laboratory notebook (ELN), and chromatography data system (CDS). These and other software systems such as \"seed-to-sale\" programs can also play an important role in the cannabis testing laboratory.\n\nLIMS \nLaboratories of all types use LIMS software to manage the wide variety of data, testing and analysis workflows, and other enterprise activities typical of them. This generally includes\u2014but is not limited to\u2014sample receipt, workflow management, sample tracking and analysis, quality control, instrument data management, data storage, reporting and document management.[91] The cannabis testing laboratory is no exception, though its activities differ slightly from, for example, a clinical pathology laboratory. As such, a few additional features outside of what's typically found in a generic LIMS are required.\nFeatures that may be incorporated into a cannabis testing LIMS that you might not necessarily find in an all-purpose LIMS include[92][93][94][95][96]:\n\n sample loading screens optimized for the industry, including differentiation between medical and recreational marijuana\n pre-loaded compliant test protocols, labels, and reports optimized and readily adjustable for a rapidly changing industry\n tools for creating new, compliant test protocols, labels, and reports\n a web API to integrate with state-required compliance reporting systems\n chain-of-custody (CoC) tracking, when necessary\n support for inventory reconciliation\nAs previously discussed, industry-specific test protocols largely focus on cannabinoids, terpenes, and a wide variety of contaminates, including excess water. However, as regulations continue to be in a state of flux and not particularly standardized, most LIMS developers are including the ability for users to adjust their protocols and even add new ones. And while CoC functionality is not entirely foreign to generic LIMS, it's particularly important in an industry where currently transporting even a cannabis test sample across state lines can create huge problems.\nIn cases where daily sample processing is infrequent and only a couple of chromatography machines are used, laboratories may weigh a decision between a LIMS and a chromatography-specific CDS, although the ability to produce an acceptable certificate of authenticity (CoA) and document the CoC are still factors, along with any state reporting requirements.\nCannabis LIMS solutions\nLIMS solutions have increasingly emerged as the cannabis testing industry has expanded. One vendor who has designed a LIMS solution specifically for cannabis testing, and has several laboratory clients in various states and Canada, is the well-established LabLynx, Inc., who are also accredited with METRC track-and-trace.\n\nCDS \nScientists on the research side of cannabis are certainly using CDSs from Agilent, Thermo Scientific, Waters, and other to manage the data coming out of their chromatography equipment[97][98][99], and slowly but surely some of those CDSs are beginning to also support spectrometer data management in a similar way.[100] Additionally, some chromatography system developers will collaborate with CDS vendors to develop software drivers\u2014code that essentially acts as a translator between a device and a program\u2014so chromatography devices can interact fully with the CDS.[101]\nThe CDS likely has a place in the cannabis testing lab as well, though it may depend on the lab's data management needs and goals. In more complex labs with multiple instruments and significant daily processing workflows, a LIMS may make more practical sense.\nCDS vendors\nSome vendors like Thermo Fisher Scientific offer a CDS in conjunction with its other chromatography systems marketed for the cannabis testing industry. Other commons CDS solutions include:\n\n Chromera\n Compass Hystar\n Empower 3\n LabSolutions\n OpenLAB CDS\n PC\/Chrom\nSeed-to-sale \nThe use of seed-to-sale software is an emerging trend that is only tangentially related to laboratory testing of cannabis. Rather than at testing laboratories, seed-to-sale software is found at cultivation sites, production facilities, and dispensaries, and that software is typically designed to be able to integrate with testing laboratory or other software. The goal: create a complete record of transaction, from the grown plant to the lab, producer, and seller. This sort of tracking is mandated in various ways by many U.S. states with legalization laws. \"It\u2019s there to prevent the diversion of marijuana, which the federal government still lists as a Schedule I substance, the most dangerous class of drugs,\" wrote Daniel Rothberg of the Las Vegas Sun in December 2015. \"Tracking also ensures product safety, assists with audits and helps facilitate recalls.\"[102] This type of software is able to track plant yields, attempted theft or diversion, patient preferences, extraction methods, batch weights, and various financial statistics for analysis.[103][102]\nSeed-to-sale software vendors\nThe following vendors are a representative sample of those who offer a seed-to-sale system for the cannabis industry: \n\n Ample Organics, Inc. - Ample Organics\n Bio-Tech Medical Software, Inc. - BioTrackTHC\n Chetu, Inc. - Custom software solutions\n Dauntless Software, Inc. - Dauntless Retail\n Far-From-Groove'N, Inc. dba Viridian Sciences - Viridian Sciences\n Flourish Software, LLC - Flourish\n Franwell, Inc. - Metrc\n Green Bits, Inc. - Green Bits\n KindManage, LLC - Agrisoft\n MJ Freeway, LLC - MJ Platform\n Motagistics, LLC - 4S\n Open Systems, Inc. - Process Pro\n Progressive Software International - ProsoftXP\n Proteus Business Solutions, Inc. - PROTEUS420\n Pyrotree, Inc. - WebJoint\n Retail Innovation Labs, LLC - Cova\n SDY & Associates, LLC - LeafOps\n Silverware, Inc. - Silverleaf\n TheraCann International Corporation \u2013 ETCH Biotrace\n Trellis Solutions, Inc. - Trellis\n WeedTraQR, LLC - WeedTraQR\n Wilcompute Systems Group, Inc. - GrowerIQ\nFuture of cannabis regulation, testing, and market trends \nWhat is the future of cannabis regulation, testing and the associated market? The following, is taken from Chapter 5 of Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States on LIMSwiki.\n\nOn February 23, 2017, then White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer indicated for the first time that the Trump administration would indeed be ramping up enforcement in states that have legalized recreational marijuana use, stating \"I do believe that you\u2019ll see greater enforcement,\" adding that \"there\u2019s a big difference between the medical use ... that\u2019s very different than the recreational use, which is something the Department of Justice will be further looking into.\"[104] Five days later, U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions continued to send pessimistic signals, stating he was \"dubious about marijuana,\" and that \"[w]e have a responsibility to use our best judgment ... and my view is we don\u2019t need to be legalizing marijuana.\"[105] Several days later, seemingly in response to both Spicer's and Sessions' comments, 11 U.S. senators sent a letter to Sessions asking him to keep in mind Trump's campaign promises of letting states decide their own fate on legalization efforts.[106] Encouraging responses to these and other requests (e.g., rescheduling, expanded grow operations, expanded research) remain elusive, however, particularly due to an administration that seems to at best provide conflicting statements about the future of federal marijuana policy and at worst actively try to deceive the American people with misinformation and lies.[107][108][109]\nUntil effective and demonstrable policy change takes place in the U.S. federal government concerning marijuana, researchers, doctors, patients, laboratory personnel, and entrepreneurs will have to keep fighting uncertainty and a convoluted patchwork of state and federal regulations. More certain is mounting evidence that a growing majority of U.S. voters believe the federal government should not be enforcing its laws in such states: 64 percent agreed on this in 2012[110], rising to 71 percent in 2017.[111] Despite such support, it may largely be up to the states in the future to twist the arm of the federal government. Legal representatives at Thompson Coburn expressed this idea well in a blog post in November 2016[112]:\n\nThe cannabis industry may have to consider forcing the federal hand by providing credible data on the safety of cannabis as it was invited to do in the DEA decision, in addition to the continuing to support the groundswell of approval at the state level. At some point, in the near future, the state regulatory position and the federal position will have to be reconciled. The industry can and should prompt that reconciliation by a clear united message to federal lawmakers. Without that, it remains unlikely that agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), will change its position on cannabis. A lack of change will inhibit market growth and prevent the cannabis industry from reaching its potential.\nThe obvious issue of expanding research and testing on cannabis and addressing its safety is acquiring the product within a legal framework and a reasonable time frame. As mentioned previously, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has recognized the need for more federally approved growers than the NIDA center at the University of Mississippi (which came under fire in March 2017 for not testing its provided samples for mold and other contaminants in any standardized fashion[113]), and in 2016 they began accepting applications for additional entities looking to grow marijuana for researchers.[114] However, as of March 2020, no new growers have been federally approved. Additionally, complaints have been leveled at the University of Mississippi facility by researchers for not providing enough diversified samples that are more representative of what people are purchasing from dispensaries.[115] \nAssuming the Trump administration acts on campaign promises\u2014and signs point to the administration at least being on spoken record of supporting medical marijuana and associated research[116]\u2014researchers may eventually have more options for acquiring research-quality cannabis in the future. This should in turn allow researchers a shot at more focused studies that provide efficacy and safety data related to the medical use of cannabis.[112] In fact, this has been a goal of Dr. Susan Weiss, Division Director of Extramural Research at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) for some time. In July 2016 testimony to the U.S. Judiciary Committee[117] and in an April 2017 research paper published in The International Journal of Drug Policy[118], Weiss cautiously recognized and promoted the need for further evidence-based cannabis research, emphasizing both the healthy and detrimental effects evident so far in the plant and its constituents. She said of recent federal actions towards this goal[117]:\n\nMultiple agencies (NIH, ONDCP, DEA, and FDA) are working together to find ways to streamline the process to facilitate research while meeting international and legislative obligations under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and the Controlled Substances Act. In addition to actions taken by the Department of Health and Humans Services to eliminate the Public Health Services (PHS) committee review for non-federally funded marijuana research, the DEA recently streamlined the administrative process for CBD research to allow researchers to obtain a waiver of the requirement for review of changes to an approved protocol in their DEA research registrations, and is attempting to address the marijuana diversity and product development concern by licensing additional manufacturers.\nAnother recent and significant body of research that may have future influence on cannabis research itself is a massive January 2017 cannabis literature review published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This 440-page report detailed the National Academies' findings after reviewing more than 10,700 abstracts related to cannabis. Among its final recommendations, the authors called for[119]:\n\n public and private entities to fund and support a national cannabis research initiative that looks to fill key knowledge gaps;\n government agencies to develop research methods and standards that may act as a guide towards higher-quality cannabis research;\n government agencies, non-profit associations, and state and local health departments to fund and support efforts to improve federal, state, and local public health surveillance systems and efforts; and\n government, non-government, and industry entities to work together towards developing a report on existing regulatory barriers to research and how to overcome them.\nIn January 2020, the topic of needing more legitimate cannabis sources for cannabis research was brought up yet again, this time in the context of an official hearing exclusively on cannabis by the House Health Subcommittee of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, titled \"Cannabis Policies for the New Decade.\" The hearing provided an opportunity for legislators to discuss the \"catch-22\" of regulation and medical research: \"Research is restricted because cannabis is currently considered a Schedule 1 drug under the Controlled Substance Act, yet more research would better determine if marijuana should be rescheduled or descheduled.\"[120] Lawmakers and witnesses both agreed that another limiter was having the University of Mississippi as the sole DEA-approved supplier of research-quality cannabis. \nWhile the growing discussion on research is encouraging, some researchers such as Mayo Clinic psychiatrist and researcher Michael Bostwick have historically been less convinced that the barriers will fall\u2014claiming federal entities shift too much focus on the detrimental effects and not enough on the potential benefits\u2014and aren't optimistic about the direction the Trump administration will take.[121] Despite this pessimism, predictions of substantial revenues in states where recreational marijuana is legalized or could be legalized persist.[122][123][124] The latest national estimates by market research and analytics company New Frontier Data put the U.S. marijuana industry at $24 billion by 2025[125], with 400,000 total jobs expected by 2021.[126] Yet entities such as the Denver-based Marijuana Policy Group and cannabis law firm Vicente Sederberg LLC preach caution when dealing with tax revenue estimates and economic projections in the U.S. cannabis market[125], pointing to CIBC World Markets' grossly inflated tax revenue estimate of $142 CAD ($106 USD) per resident in January 2016, an overshot of about 300 percent.[127] \"This is a fast-paced, changing market with varying different dynamics that have more to do based on governmental and regulatory dynamics than they do on consumer dynamics,\" said Vicente Sederberg's director of economics and research Andrew Livingston.[125] \nIndeed, current and future regulatory dynamics seem to be the biggest wildcards in making market-based predictions, with predicted tax and associated revenue estimates capable of both being significantly too high (by inadequately taking into account local and regional cultural and economic statuses) or too low (by not anticipating new states legalization efforts, research breakthroughs, or ties to other mainstream but related industries).[125][127] Additionally, too much regulation can put a stranglehold on a state's cannabis program development\u2014as it has done in Minnesota[128]\u2014causing related grow-ops and laboratories to take significant losses or even go out of business.\nFinally, on a social level, the push by many to legalize marijuana and, by extension, push for beneficial changes in federal marijuana policy, has been driven even further by dramatic increase in use of and health consequences surrounding opioids in the United States.[115][129][130][131] What's not clear is how effective a replacement cannabis would be. Dr. Weiss again provides context, this time in the February 2018 workshop Cannabis and the opioid crisis: A multidisciplinary review[115]:\n\nI think we need to be very circumspect in what we are expecting from cannabis with respect to the opioid epidemic. There is no doubt that there are many patients suffering from pain, and we do not have a lot of options to treat it, especially chronic pain. Moreover, the cannabinoid system has a lot of promise regarding analgesic potential and alternative medication approaches. Whether it is the plant, components of the plant, or other strategies to modify endocannabinoid function\u2014these are all possibilities that we need to explore to both help abate the opioid crisis and treat patients with pain who continue to suffer.\nFrom that same workshop, several additional insights were revealed[115]:\n\n The National Academies' 2017 research recognizes \"the classification of cannabis as a Schedule I substance [as something] that impedes the advancement of cannabis and cannabinoid research.\" Getting past that will require the federal government living up to its 2016 promise to expand approved grow-ops.\n Getting marijuana rescheduled is further challenged by the fact that an entire plant and its constituents are scheduled. Difficulties arise because when we talk about rescheduling marijuana, the question has to be asked: \"Are you talking about a plant that is mostly THC, that is mostly CBD (cannabidiol), that has unspecified different components in it?\"\n A major question remains concerning \"whether cannabinoids and opioids interact at a pharmacological level.\" To further study this, not only do well organized studies need to be designed, but also, as previously mentioned, access to quality samples and a willingness to see the benefit in such research is still required.\nAs of February 2020, the Marijuana Data Collection Act is still making its way through the legal quagmire, stuck in the House Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security.[132] Citing many of the previously mentioned issues and more, the proposed bill asks for the National Academy of Sciences \"to conduct and update biennially a study on the effects of State legalized marijuana programs,\" among other tasks. Specifically the research would look at revenue impacts, medicinal use and safety, correlation with opioid abuse, criminal justice impacts, and employment impacts.[133][134] Whether or not this bill passes, one may argue that its intent is inline with the sentiment of representatives at Thompson Coburn: \"forcing the federal hand by providing credible data on the safety of cannabis.\"[112]\n\nLab testing \nFuture-looking estimates on cannabis lab testing are more difficult to find. The primary numbers being floated around originate from a June 2015 market report published by GreenWave Advisors titled Marijuana lab testing: An in depth analysis of investing in one of the industry\u2019s most attractive plays. GreenWave suggested that if the U.S. were to quickly legalize cannabis at the federal level, lab testing revenues alone would be $553 million by 2020, $866 million including related activities such as data analysis and consulting.[135][136][137] Another forward-looking statement by Research and Markets in March 2017 suggested the cannabis testing market across the globe could be valued at $1.4 billion by 2021, affected positively by legalization of medical cannabis, laboratory growth, and information technology adoption, negatively by analytical instruments' high costs and a \"dearth of skilled professionals.\"[138] A more conservative number was offered by Coherent Market Insights in July 2018, suggesting a global market at $1.5 billion by 2026[139], with Global Market Insights suggesting in July 2019 a number closer to $2.0 billion.[140]\nAs for advances in cannabis lab testing, Kuzdzal et al. of Shimadzu envision a future where improvements in standardization, quality control, and research will shift what is tested and how it's tested[12]:\n\nThe cannabis industry and cannabis testing are in their infancies. As the need for better quality control continues and standardization is introduced, it is likely that lower limits for the various cannabis contaminants will be established and regulations will be introduced. Mass spectrometry will likely play a greater role in quantitation as detection levels are lowered and confirmatory tests are required. The health benefits of terpenes present in cannabis will also provide a fertile area of scientific research. CBD, CBG and other compounds appear to have a synergistic relationship with each other as well as with various THC forms and terpenes. This field needs much more investigation to determine mechanisms of action, bioavailability and health benefits.\nLab testing of cannabis should continue to provide more exact and useful results as methods and standards continue to evolve. Disparity of results between two labs for the same sample are continuing to narrow as states increasingly add testing requirements to their cannabis legislature.[141] Those testing requirements are increasingly based off a growing body of recommendations, guidance, and standards developed by the likes of the Americans for Safe Access Foundation (ASAF), American Herbal Pharmacopoeia (AHP), American Herbal Products Association (AHPA), Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC), American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), and the Association of Public Health Laboratories.[142][143][144][144][145][146][7][5] Already, the groundwork for standard methods is being created by the AOAC and ASTM International, which continue to work on standardizing the determination and quantitation of cannabinoid concentrations, residual solvents, and pesticide amounts.[46][45] Proficiency tests such as the Emerald Test[147], which allows multiple labs to test an anonymous sample and compare results, should also continue to drive improved performance from cannabis testing labs.[141]\nAnother potential trend to keep an eye on with these testing laboratories: consolidation. Currently there's not a lot of data on the extent consolidation has affected the number of cannabis testing labs or how they operate; the industry is arguably still in its infancy. Regardless, mentions in press and practical examples demonstrate that consolidation is a real concern for the industry, if not now in the future. Suggestion of such came from Steep Hill Halent's CEO David Lampach in late 2013, anticipating \"huge consolidation in general and fewer companies as a result.\"[148] The previously mentioned GreenWave Advisors as well as CannaSafe Analytics and Kramer Holcomb Sheik have also lent their voices to this idea in recent years.[149][150][151] Startup costs also tend to favor existing labs who merely extend their services as opposed to brand-new labs who have to acquire premises, equipment (and cannabis testing requires a selection - unlike a small clinical diagnostics lab, for instance, which may be able to get away with a single chem analyzer initially), software (LIMS), hire staff, get licensed, etc.\n\nReferences \n\n\n\u2191 Biros, A.G. (11 January 2017). \"Analyzing The Emerald Test Results: Cannabis Labs Making Progress\". Cannabis Industry Journal. https:\/\/cannabisindustryjournal.com\/feature_article\/analyzing-the-emerald-test-results-cannabis-labs-making-progress\/ . 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Retrieved 03 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Smith, J. (15 January 2020). \"US House panel calls for stepped-up marijuana research, which could prove critical to federal reform\". Marijuana Business Daily. https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/us-house-panel-calls-for-stepped-up-marijuana-research-which-could-prove-critical-to-federal-reform\/ . Retrieved 18 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 Grant, B. (23 January 2017). \"Marijuana Research Still Stymied by Federal Laws\". The Scientist. LabX Media Group. http:\/\/www.the-scientist.com\/?articles.view\/articleNo\/48122\/title\/Marijuana-Research-Still-Stymied-by-Federal-Laws\/ . Retrieved 03 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Morris, C. (21 October 2016). \"The next big billion-dollar cannabis markets investors are rushing to\". CNBC. http:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2016\/10\/21\/the-next-big-billion-dollar-cannabis-markets-investors-are-rushing-to.html . Retrieved 03 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Thomas, J.R. (07 February 2017). \"Big pot of money waiting if CT legalizes marijuana, analysts say\". The CT Mirror. The Connecticut News Project. http:\/\/ctmirror.org\/2017\/02\/07\/big-pot-of-money-waiting-if-ct-legalizes-marijuana-analysts-say\/ . Retrieved 03 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Houghton, S. (14 February 2017). \"Town Manager: Marijuana Shops Could Boost Tax Revenue\". The Mashpee Enterprise. Enterprise Newspapers. http:\/\/www.capenews.net\/mashpee\/news\/town-manager-marijuana-shops-could-boost-tax-revenue\/article_c27b9b71-fb63-52de-bc24-fda320f38a32.html . Retrieved 03 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 125.0 125.1 125.2 125.3 Wallace, A. (22 February 2017). \"Report: America\u2019s marijuana industry headed for $24 billion by 2025\". The Cannabist. The Denver Post. http:\/\/www.thecannabist.co\/2017\/02\/22\/report-united-states-marijuana-sales-projections-2025\/74059\/ . Retrieved 03 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 dispensaries.com (15 February 2018). \"Cannabis Industry Likely to Employ More Than 400,000 By 2021, Study Projects\". GreenEntrepreneur. https:\/\/www.greenentrepreneur.com\/article\/309022 . Retrieved 25 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 127.0 127.1 Wallace, A. (22 December 2016). \"What legal states need to know about sketchy pot tax predictions\". The Cannabist. The Denver Post. http:\/\/www.thecannabist.co\/2016\/12\/22\/marijuana-sales-pot-taxes-colorado-estimates-projections\/69831\/ . Retrieved 03 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Potter, K. (12 August 2016). \"Big losses for Minn. medical marijuana providers\". MPR News. Minnesota Public Radio. http:\/\/www.mprnews.org\/story\/2016\/08\/12\/big-losses-for-minn-medical-marijuana-providers . Retrieved 03 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Bradford, A.S.; Abraham, A.; Adams, G.B. (2018). \"Opioid Death Rate Acceleration in Jurisdictions Legalizing Marijuana Use\u2014Reply\". JAMA Internal Medicine 178 (9): 1281\u20132. doi:10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.3891.   \n\n\u2191 Goldman, H. (13 July 2018). \"New York Health Officials See Marijuana as an Alternative to Opioids\". Bloomberg. https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2018-07-13\/n-y-health-officials-see-marijuana-as-an-alternative-to-opioids . Retrieved 15 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 Sukel, K. (01 May 2018). \"Could Cannabis Legalization Help Ease the Opioid Crisis?\". Pain Research Forum. International Association for the Study of Pain. https:\/\/www.painresearchforum.org\/news\/95694-could-cannabis-legalization-help-ease-opioid-crisis . Retrieved 15 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 \"All Actions H.R.1587 \u2014 116th Congress (2019-2020)\". Congress.gov. U.S. Government. 08 April 2019. https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/116th-congress\/house-bill\/1587\/all-actions?overview=closed&KWICView=false . Retrieved 25 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 Gabbard, T. (24 July 2018). \"H.R.6495 - Marijuana Data Collection Act\". Congress.gov. https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/115th-congress\/house-bill\/6495\/text . Retrieved 15 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 Angell, T. (24 July 2018). \"Federal Report On Marijuana Legalization Required Under New Bill\". Forbes. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tomangell\/2018\/07\/24\/federal-report-on-marijuana-legalization-required-under-new-bill\/#41b953e73532 . Retrieved 15 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 \"DigiPath, Inc.: A Unique Investment Vehicle in Laboratory Testing\" (PDF). DigiPath, Inc. November 2016. pp. 28. http:\/\/digipath.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/DigiPath-Investor-Presentation-11.3.pdf . Retrieved 03 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Signal Bay Makes Strategic Acquisition in the $850M Cannabis Testing Market\". Signal Bay, Inc. 24 September 2015. https:\/\/signalbay.com\/company-news\/signal-bay-makes-strategic-acquisition-in-the-850m-cannabis-testing-market\/ . Retrieved 03 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Marijuana lab testing: An in depth analysis of investing in one of the industry\u2019s most attractive plays\". GreeenWave Advisors, LLC. June 2015. https:\/\/www.greenwaveadvisors.com\/research\/marijuana-lab-testing-an-in-depth-analysis-of-investing-in-one-of-the-industrys-most-attractive-plays\/ . Retrieved 03 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Cannabis Testing Market to Reach $1.4 Billion by 2021 - Driven by Growing Number of Cannabis Testing Laboratories - Research and Markets\". PR Newswire. Research and Markets. 31 March 2017. https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/cannabis-testing-market-to-reach-14-billion-by-2021---driven-by-growing-number-of-cannabis-testing-laboratories---research-and-markets-300432416.html . Retrieved 16 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Cannabis Testing Market Estimated to be Worth US$ 1.5 Billion by 2026\". Coherent Market Insights. 09 July 2018. https:\/\/www.coherentmarketinsights.com\/press-release\/cannabis-testing-market-estimated-to-be-worth-us-15-billion-by-2026-64 . Retrieved 16 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Cannabis Testing Market Size By Technology (Chromatography {Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography}, Spectroscopy {Mass Spectrometry, Atomic Spectroscopy}), By Test Type (Potency Testing, Pesticide Screening, Residual Solvent Screening, Heavy Metal Testing, Terpene Testing, Mycotoxin Testing), By Service Provider (Laboratories, Manufacturers, Research Institutes), Industry Analysis Report, Regional Outlook, Application Potential, Competitive Market Share & Forecast, 2019 \u2013 2025\". Global Market Insights. July 2019. https:\/\/www.gminsights.com\/industry-analysis\/cannabis-testing-market . Retrieved 25 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 141.0 141.1 Nelson, S. (03 August 2016). \"Has Lab Testing Turned A Corner?\". Cannabis Business Times. GIE Media, Inc. http:\/\/www.cannabisbusinesstimes.com\/article\/has-lab-testing-turned-a-corner\/ . Retrieved 03 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 \"New Certification Program Brings Quality Assurance to the Medical Marijuana Industry\". Information Forecast, Inc. 2016. http:\/\/infocastinc.com\/industries\/new-certification-program-brings-quality-assurance-to-the-medical-marijuana-industry\/ . Retrieved 02 February 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Cannabis Committee, AHPA (02 February 2016). \"Recommendations for Regulators \u2013 Cannabis Operations\" (PDF). American Herbal Products Association. http:\/\/www.ahpa.org\/Portals\/0\/pdfs\/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf .   \n\n\u2191 144.0 144.1 Upton, R.; Craker, L.; ElSohly, M. et al., ed. (2014). Cannabis Inflorescence: Cannabis spp.. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. ISBN 1929425333. http:\/\/www.herbal-ahp.org\/order_online.htm .   \n\n\u2191 Project CBD; Marcu, J. (16 March 2016). \"Jahan Marcu: Cannabis Lab Testing & Safety Protocols\". Project CBD. Project CBD. https:\/\/www.projectcbd.org\/article\/jahan-marcu-cannabis-lab-testing-safety-protocols . Retrieved 03 February 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Erickson, B.E. (13 November 2017). \"Cleaning up cannabis\". Chemical & Engineering News. American Chemical Society. https:\/\/cen.acs.org\/articles\/95\/i45\/Cleaning-cannabis.html . Retrieved 15 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 \"The Emerald Test\". Emerald Scientific, LLC. https:\/\/pt.emeraldscientific.com\/ . Retrieved 25 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 Lampach, D. (20 November 2013). \"Q&A With CEO of Steep Hill Halent: US Cannabis Testing Market Could Hit $40M by 2016\". Marijuana Business Daily. Anne Holland Ventures, Inc. https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/qa-with-steep-hill-lab-ceo-david-lampach-cannabis-testing-market-could-hit-40m-in-2-years\/ . Retrieved 25 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 CannabisFN (16 July 2015). \"DigiPath (DIGP) Well Positioned To Take Advantage of $850M Cannabis Testing Market\". The Marijuana Index. MJIC, Inc. http:\/\/marijuanaindex.com\/digipath-digp-well-positioned-to-take-advantage-of-850m-cannabis-testing-market\/ . Retrieved 07 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Schroyer, J. (January 2016). \"Industry Snapshot: Testing Labs\". Marijuana Business Magazine. Anne Holland Ventures, Inc. https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\/ . Retrieved 07 March 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 \"5 Key Things to Know About the Cannabis Testing Laboratory Business in California\". Insights. Kramer Holcomb Sheik LLP. July 2018. https:\/\/www.khslaw.com\/insights\/cannabis-testing-lab-laws-in-california\/ . Retrieved 16 November 2018 .   \n\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Laboratory\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Laboratory<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 8 January 2021, at 18:48.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 29,729 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","293afaa1e1840205a1abca612e540e82_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Cannabis_Laboratory skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">The Cannabis Laboratory<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannabis-testing_1024x640.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"a73dbc2736919ed6d8424d408884c6c7\"><img alt=\"Cannabis-testing 1024x640.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Cannabis-testing_1024x640.jpg\/400px-Cannabis-testing_1024x640.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>The term \"cannabis laboratory\" is a fairly broad description that covers a variety of types of labs that are involved in the fast-growing cannabis industry in any way. These can include soil, seed and fertilizer testing labs (in fact, state agriculture department labs can be included here, in states where the industry has been legalized), research labs, pharmaceutical labs, QC testing and certification labs, drug testing\/pain management labs, and clinical testing labs.\n<p>That said, probably the most common type of cannabis lab in legalized states and Canada is the analytical\/QA lab, to provide certified product analysis for labeling and to meet state\/national standards and regulations. As the industry matures from its early \"wild West\" phase into more of an established and organized community, the vision of what a cannabis testing lab looks like has similarly been brought more sharply into focus. Standard tests look for various THC (\u22069-Tetrahydrocannabinol) and cannabinoid-related results, pesticides, heavy metals, residual solvents, and microbial contaminants like <i>E. coli<\/i>, <i>Salmonella<\/i>, and various yeasts and molds.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Cannalab_Tests_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Cannalab_Tests-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> More recently, water activity has become a standard test in many canna labs as well.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Cannalab_Water_Activity_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Cannalab_Water_Activity-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Cannalab_Water_Activity_Test_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Cannalab_Water_Activity_Test-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> As the state of California has recently (January 2019) adopted their regulations into law, those tests and related thresholds and limits are arguably the best current template a lab might use to determine the requirements that are likely to apply to them in any other state as things progress.\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Regulations_and_standards\">Regulations and standards<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Standards apply to cannabis labs as they do to any labs, and baseline certifications and standards include GLP\/GALP, ISO\/IEC 17025, and ISO 9001. Additionally, while some disconnects between federal and state laws do exist, quality assurance and quality control (QA\/QC) are still subject to 21 CFR Parts 210 and 211<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-21_CFR_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-21_CFR-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup> Part 11, and, in New York for example, the DEA.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Along with the several areas of testing related to the seed-to-sale industry come regulations and standards, managed by several different bodies. For instance, in California, state agencies involved include, among others, the<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CCP18_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CCP18-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> California Department of Food and Agriculture (regulation and licensing of marijuana cultivation)<\/li>\n<li> California Department of Public Health (monitoring and licensing of the manufacturing of marijuana edibles)<\/li>\n<li> California Water Boards (regulation of the environmental impacts of growing marijuana on the water supply)<\/li>\n<li> California Department of Fish and Wildlife (mitigation of cultivation-related impacts on local environments)<\/li>\n<li> California Department of Pesticide Regulation (regulation of what marijuana can be exposed to during cultivation)<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Laboratories in most states will be subject to similar regulation, according to their particular role in the industry. There are various validation consultants and companies who have begun to specialize in this industry. Also, some standards organizations, resources and recommendations from existing organizations have emerged, including the:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.a2la.org\/accreditation\/cannabis-testing\">A2LA Cannabis Testing Laboratory Accreditation Program<\/a><\/li>\n<li> APHL <i><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf\">Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabisindustryjournal.com\/\">Cannabis Industry Journal<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li> Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment's <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cdphe.colorado.gov\/laboratory-services\/inspection-of-marijuana-testing-facilities\/marijuana-reference-library\">Marijuana reference library<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.focusstandards.org\/\">Foundation of Cannabis Unified Standards<\/a> (FOCUS)<\/li>\n<li> Leafly's <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/industry\/leaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations\">Cannabis testing regulations: A state-by-state guide<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/thecannabisindustry.org\/\">National Cannabis Industry Association<\/a> (NCIA)<\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oregon.gov\/oha\/PH\/LaboratoryServices\/EnvironmentalLaboratoryAccreditation\/Pages\/cannabis-info.aspx\">ORELAP cannabis testing accreditation guidelines<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<p>For more about regulations and standards for cannabis laboratories, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis\" title=\"Regulatory Compliance - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"215c53df299701d4ec1bbcae57e9da06\">Regulatory Compliance<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Testing_and_workflows\">Testing and workflows<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannabis_sample_prep.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"7c2f1794bf56270a57c5bef2b3ed5da7\"><img alt=\"Cannabis sample prep.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/e2\/Cannabis_sample_prep.png\/400px-Cannabis_sample_prep.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>In the relatively short time the cannabis testing industry has been around, it has nonetheless settled into a fairly standard set of tests and methods. These fall into two main categories: potency and safety. Both are important, whether for medical applications or recreational use. Related to potency is a third category: strain validation, usually through terpene testing, and analyzing the balance between terpenes and cannabinoids to determine the particular product strain. Genetics testing falls into this category of strain determination as well, and it's also used for sex determination. All can be generally viewed as aspects of QA\/QC.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CSI_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CSI-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SCLabs_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SCLabs-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<p>Standard cannabis QA testing includes<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CO_Ref_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CO_Ref-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Potency (cannabinoids)<\/li>\n<li> Terpenoids (optional)<\/li>\n<li> Strain (terpenoid\/cannabinoid ratios; optional)<\/li>\n<li> Residual solvents (volatile organic compounds or VOCs)<\/li>\n<li> Pesticides<\/li>\n<li> Heavy metals<\/li>\n<li> Water activity<\/li>\n<li> Moisture content<\/li>\n<li> Foreign materials<\/li>\n<li> Mold\/fungus\/yeast and microbiological contaminants\/pathogens<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>These types of testing obviously break down into individual analytes and metabolites, with over 750 constituents existing in cannabis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RadwanIso15_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RadwanIso15-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Methods and their workflows depend on the type of lab (extraction only, QA\/QC, commercial, production), but generally (apart from extraction-only labs) they consist of easy, secure web portal-enabled test requests; chain of custody (COC) tracking of samples (with RFID or barcode); test\/instrument assignment (see below for more on this); QC sample inclusion; any number of analyst, peer and\/or supervisory reviews; notification of out-of-range results; and certificate of analysis (COA) reports (able to be emailed and\/or retrieved by secure web portal).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalACloser16-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Analytical_aspects_of_cannabis\">Analytical aspects of cannabis<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>What aspects of cannabis are actually being analyzed, and how? The following, is taken from Chapter 3 of <i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php?title=LII:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"limswiki:LII:Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States\" data-key=\"1df0af9cbc96b7412a0ae6a7f2279f68\">Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States<\/a><\/i> on LIMSwiki.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Cannabinoids\">Cannabinoids<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>As of mid-2015, researchers have identified 104 of the more than 750 constituents of <i>Cannabis sativa<\/i> as cannabinoids<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RadwanIso15_11-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RadwanIso15-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>, active chemical compounds that act in a similar way to compounds our body naturally produces, and new cannabinoids continue to be identified during cannabis research.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MudgeChemo18_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MudgeChemo18-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CittiANovel19_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CittiANovel19-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> Many of our body's cells have cannabinoid receptors capable of modulating neurotransmitter release in the brain and other areas.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WHOTheHealth16_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WHOTheHealth16-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup> The plant's cannabinoids vary, with each bonding to specific receptors in our body, providing differing effects. From a theoretical and medical standpoint, crafting a strain of cannabis that has specific cannabinoids that can aid with a particular malady, while also carefully reproducing the grow conditions to consistently make that strain in the future, is a desirable but difficult goal to achieve.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RahnCannab14_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RahnCannab14-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup> However, even as new strains are developed, identifying an existing strain effectively has its own set of challenges, as Mudge <i>et al.<\/i> point out: \"the total [tetrahydrocannabinol] and [cannabidiol] content is not sufficient to distinguish strains [though] a combination of targeted and untargeted chemometric approaches can be used to predict cannabinoid composition and to better understand the impact of informal breeding program and selection on the phytochemical diversity of cannabis.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MudgeChemo18_13-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MudgeChemo18-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Lab testing of cannabinoids is done primarily as a measure of psychoactive \"potency,\" though cannabinoids have many other potential therapeutic uses. Current laboratory testing looks at only a handful of cannabinoids; more research and development of analytical techniques that can quickly and accurately detect and separate the the rest is required.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalUnrav15_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalUnrav15-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup> Some of the major cannabinoids tested for include<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MudgeChemo18_13-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MudgeChemo18-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalUnrav15_17-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalUnrav15-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RahnUnder14_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RahnUnder14-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <b>THC (\u22069-Tetrahydrocannabinol)<\/b>: This is the most commonly known cannabinoid found in cannabis, notable for its strong psychoactive effects and ability to aid with pain, sleep, and appetite issues. Included is its analogue \u22068-Tetrahydrocannabinol (which shows notably less strong psychoactive effects than \u22069<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-NIHDelta8_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NIHDelta8-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup>) and its homologue THCV (Tetrahydrocannabivarin), which tends to appear in trace amounts and has a more pronounced psychoactive effect, but for a shorter duration. THCV shows promise in fighting anxiety, tremors from neurological disorders, appetite issues, and special cases of bone loss. Also notable is \u03949-THCA (\u03949-Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid), a non-psychoactive biosynthetic precursor to THC. <\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>CBC (Cannabichromene)<\/b>: This non-psychoactive cannabinoid is found in trace amounts; however, it tends to be markedly more effective at treating anxiety and stress than CBD (see next). It's also notable for its anti-inflamatory properties and potential use for bone deficiencies. <\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>CBD (Cannabidiol)<\/b>: CBD is a non-psychoactive component of cannabis, typically accounting for up to 35 to 40 percent of cannabis extracts. It acts as a counter-balance to THC, regulating its psychoactivity. It's been researched as a treatment for anxiety, sleep loss, inflammation, stress, pain, and epilepsy, among other afflictions. Included is its homologue CBDV (Cannabidivarin), which is also non-psychoactive and demonstrates promise as a treatment for epileptic seizures. Also notable is CBDA (Cannabidiolic acid), a non-psychoactive biosynthetic precursor to CBD.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>CBG (Cannabigerol)<\/b>: This cannabinoid is also non-psychoactive but only appears in trace amounts of cannabis. If has potential as a sleep aid, anti-bacterial, and cell growth stimulant. Also notable is CBGA (Cannabigerolic acid), a non-psychoactive biosynthetic precursor to CBG.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>CBN (Cannabinol)<\/b>: CBN is mildly psychoactive at best and appears only in trace amounts in <i>Cannabis sativa<\/i> and <i>Cannabis indica<\/i>. It occurs largely as a metabolite of THC and tends to have one of the strongest sedative effects among cannabinoids. It shows promise as a treatment for insomnia, glaucoma, and certain types of pain.<\/li><\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Terpenes\">Terpenes<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Mandated lab testing of terpenes\u2014volatile organic compounds that distinctly affect cannabis aroma and taste\u2014is done primarily as a way to ensure proper labeling of cannabis and related products, including extracts and concentrates, so buyers have confidence in what they are purchasing.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HabibTesting13_20-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HabibTesting13-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CMTLabs_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CMTLabs-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WercShop_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WercShop-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup> However, additional lab research goes into terpenes as they also show potentially useful pharmacological properties<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HabibTesting13_20-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HabibTesting13-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WercShop_22-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WercShop-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AndreCannabis16_23-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AndreCannabis16-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup>, and they demonstrate synergies (referred to at times as the \"entourage effect\") with cannabinoids that largely still require further exploration.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AndreCannabis16_23-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AndreCannabis16-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WercShop_22-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WercShop-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WachsbergerTerpene16_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WachsbergerTerpene16-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup> Testing for specific terpenes (discussed later) is less of a standardized practice, though it's rapidly improving.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HabibTesting13_20-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HabibTesting13-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup> Commonly tested terpenes by third-party testing labs include<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WercShop_22-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WercShop-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CMTLabs_21-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CMTLabs-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AndreCannabis16_23-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AndreCannabis16-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RahnUnder14_18-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RahnUnder14-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SCLabs_9-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SCLabs-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Bisabolol<\/li>\n<li> Caryophyllene<\/li>\n<li> Cymene<\/li>\n<li> Humulene<\/li>\n<li> Limonene<\/li>\n<li> Linalool<\/li>\n<li> Myrcene<\/li>\n<li> Phytol<\/li>\n<li> Pinene<\/li>\n<li> Terpinolene<\/li><\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Contaminates\">Contaminates<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Generally speaking, a contaminate is an unwanted substance that may show up in the final product, be it recreational marijuana or a pharmaceutical company's therapeutic tincture. The following are examples of contaminates that laboratories may test for in cannabis products. \n<\/p><p><b>Pesticides<\/b>: Pesticides represent the Wild West of not only growing cannabis but also performing analytical testing on it. One of the core issues, again, is the fact that on the federal level marijuana is illegal. Because it's illegal, government agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) don't test and create standards or guidelines for what's safe when it comes to residual pesticides, let alone how to best test for them.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BorelTheWild15_25-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BorelTheWild15-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ZhangNobody15_26-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ZhangNobody15-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup> Additionally, researchers face their fair share of difficulties obtaining product to test. The end result is we don't know much about how inhalation of pesticide-coated marijuana smoke affects long-term health<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BorelTheWild15_25-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BorelTheWild15-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ZhangNobody15_26-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ZhangNobody15-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup>, and we have few standard methods for pesticide application and testing.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DeibelPesticide19_27-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DeibelPesticide19-27\">[27]<\/a><\/sup> With numerous pesticide products and little oversight on what growers apply to their plants, combined with the technical difficulty of testing for pesticides in the lab, pesticides remain one of the most difficult contaminates to test for.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DeibelPesticide19_27-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DeibelPesticide19-27\">[27]<\/a><\/sup> That said, several classes of of pesticides are commonly applied during cannabis cultivation and can be tested for by labs<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_12-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalACloser16-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FarrerTech15_28-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FarrerTech15-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <b>avermectins<\/b>: functions as an insecticide that is useful against mites, which are a common problem for cultivators<\/li>\n<li> <b>carbamates<\/b>: functions as an insecticide, similar to organophosphates, but with decreased dermal toxicity and higher degradation<\/li>\n<li> <b>organophosphates<\/b>: functions as the base of many insecticides and herbicides, valued for its easy organic bonding<\/li>\n<li> <b>pyrethroids<\/b>: functions as the base of most household insecticides and exhibits insect repellent properties<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<b>Solvents<\/b>: In 2003, Canadian Rick Simpson published a recipe of sorts for preparing cannabis extract via the use of solvents such as naphtha or petroleum ether. Claiming the resulting oil helped cure his skin cancer, others hoping for a cure tried it, and the solvent method of preparation grew in popularity. Dubious healing claims aside, the solvent extraction method remains viable, though it has evolved over the years to include less harmful solvents such as supercritical carbon dioxide, which has low toxicity, low environmental impact, and beneficial extraction properties.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RomanoCannabis13_29-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RomanoCannabis13-29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PeachSuper14_30-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PeachSuper14-30\">[30]<\/a><\/sup> However, chemical solvents are still used, and if not evaporated out properly, the remaining solvents can be particularly harmful to sick patients using the extract. As for what solvents should be tested for, it gets a bit trickier, though Chapter 467 of <i>United States Pharmacopeia and The National Formulary<\/i>, the Oregon Health Authority's December 2015 technical report on contaminant testing of cannabis, and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health's response to public comments on cannabis testing provide helpful guidance. Listed solvents include benzene, butane, cumene, dimethoxyethane, hexane, and pentane, among others.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_12-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalACloser16-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FarrerTech15_28-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FarrerTech15-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-USPNF467_31-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-USPNF467-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MDPHResponse_32-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MDPHResponse-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<b>Heavy metals<\/b>: 2013 research on contaminant testing on the behalf of Washington State provides insights into heavy metals and why they're looked for in cannabis testing. That research, as well as other sources, tell us<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_12-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalACloser16-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DaleyTesting13_33-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DaleyTesting13-33\">[33]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Heavy metals contribute to several health problems, including those of a neurological nature.<\/li>\n<li> Cannabis can \"hyperaccumulate metals from contaminated soils.\"<\/li>\n<li> Research parallels can be found in tobacco research and how the FDA regulates heavy metal content in foods.<\/li>\n<li> The most prominently tested heavy metals include arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni).<\/li><\/ul>\n<p><br \/>\n<b>Mycotoxins and microorganisms<\/b>: \"The ideal conditions for cannabis growth are also ideal for the growth of potentially harmful bacteria and fungi, including yeast and molds,\" say Shimadzu's Scott Kuzdzal and William Lipps, \"therefore microbial contamination poses health risks to consumers and immunocompromised individuals.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalUnrav15_17-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalUnrav15-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup> In truth, these concerns have already borne out. In fact, the University of California, Davis reported in February 2017 one of its patients had contracted an incurable fungal infection from inhaling aerosolized marijuana. They later tested 20 marijuana samples from Northern California dispensaries\u2014using specialized techniques\u2014and found a wide variety of potentially hazardous microorganisms.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-UCDavis17_34-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-UCDavis17-34\">[34]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The degree to which such contaminates commonly appear in grown and stored cannabis material and to which microbiological contaminates should be tested is not clear, however. As mentioned previously, neither the U.S. EPA or neighboring Health Canada provide any significant guidance on cannabis testing, including microbiological contaminates.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KennardYouAre16_35-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KennardYouAre16-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup> Like heavy metal testing, parallels are drawn from microbial testing guidelines and standards relating to tobacco and food, where they exist.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KennardYouAre16_35-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KennardYouAre16-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup> As warm, moist environments are conducive to microorganism growth, maintaining stable moisture levels during cultivation and storage is essential. Regularly measuring water activity\u2014how moist something is\u2014is particularly useful as a front-line preventative tool to better ensure microbial growth is limited.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FarrerTech15_28-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FarrerTech15-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup> Regardless, testing of some kind is still required by many U.S. states, including for organisms such as<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalUnrav15_17-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalUnrav15-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FarrerTech15_28-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FarrerTech15-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-UCDavis17_34-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-UCDavis17-34\">[34]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KennardYouAre16_35-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KennardYouAre16-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CANNAMicro14_36-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CANNAMicro14-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RussoCann13_37-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RussoCann13-37\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <i>Alternaria<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>Aspergillus<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>Cryptococcus<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>E. coli<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>Mucor<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>Penicillium<\/i><\/li>\n<li> <i>Salmonella<\/i><\/li><\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Methods_and_guidelines\">Methods and guidelines<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Now that we've addressed what's being tested for, we can move on to how they're being tested and what's being done to improve testing methods and procedures, including associated guidelines and recommendations. It would be beyond the scope of this guide to include every state's laws and guidelines on cannabis testing; entities such as <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/industry\/leaflys-state-by-state-guide-to-cannabis-testing-regulations\">Leafly Holdings<\/a> and <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/norml.org\/laws\">NORML<\/a> provide such online resources. Instead, this section will focus on current and promising techniques using generalizations based on information from multiple sources. If any guidelines and recommendations are known, they'll be included.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Sampling\">Sampling<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Random, representative sampling is encouraged. When dealing with solid cannabis, BOTEC Analysis recommends a \"quartering\" method that divides the sample into four equal parts and takes portions from opposite sections of a square-shaped arrangement of the sample. For liquid cannabis products, remembering to stir before sample collection is advised.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> When deriving a sample from a cannabis-laden edible, the QuEChERS approach used by food safety labs for pesticide testing has practical use.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RigdonExtract16_38-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RigdonExtract16-38\">[38]<\/a><\/sup> In fact, a variety of parallels have been drawn from the food and herbal medicine industries' sampling guidelines, including from the Codex Alimentarius Commission's <i>CAC\/GL 50-2004 General Guidelines on Sampling<\/i> as well as various chapters of the <i>United States Pharmacopeia and The National Formulary<\/i>.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CACGL50-2004_39-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CACGL50-2004-39\">[39]<\/a><\/sup> As the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) points out, \"[g]ood sampling is key to improving analytical data equivalency among organizations,\" and it provides a solid base for any future testing and standardization efforts.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-8\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> \n<\/p><p>Additional sampling insight can be found by examining other states' guidelines, e.g., Massachusetts' <i>Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries<\/i>.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DPHMassProto16_40-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DPHMassProto16-40\">[40]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Cannabinoid_testing\">Cannabinoid testing<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Quantifying cannabinoids for label accuracy is a major goal of testing, though calculation and testing processes may vary slightly from state to state. Despite any differences, laboratorians generally agree that when testing for cannabinoids such as THC and CBD, as well as their respective biosynthetic precursors THCA and CBDA, the methodology used must be scrutinized. The naturally occurring THCA of cannabis isn't psychoactive; it requires decarboxylation (a chemical reaction induced by drying\/heating that releases carbon dioxide) to convert itself into the psychoactive cannabinoid THC. Chemical calculations show that the process of decarboxylation results in approximately 87.7 percent of the THCA's mass converting to THC, with the other 12.3 percent bubbling off as CO<sub>2<\/sub> gas.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CAWhy1_41-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CAWhy1-41\">[41]<\/a><\/sup> The problem with this in the testing domain is gas chromatography (GC) involves heating the sample solution. If you, the lab technician, require precise numbers of both THCA and THC, then GC analysis poses the risk of under-reporting THC total values.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> As such, liquid chromatography-diode array detection (LC-DAD) may be required if a concise profile of all cannabinoids must be made, primarily because it provides environmental stability for them all during analysis. If GC is used, the analysis requires extra considerations such as sample derivatization.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-9\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RigdonAccurateJuly15_42-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RigdonAccurateJuly15-42\">[42]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RigdonAccurateSept15_43-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RigdonAccurateSept15-43\">[43]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The APHL briefly describes analysis methods of cannabinoids using both LC and GC on pages 31\u201332 of their May 2016 <i>Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs<\/i>. They also point to New York Department of Health - Wadsworth Center's various guidance documents (MML-300, -301, and -303) for methodologies when testing sample types other than solids, particularly using high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection (HPLC-PAD).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MML-300_44-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MML-300-44\">[44]<\/a><\/sup> Also worth noting is that ASTM's Subcommittee D37.03 is working on various standard methods for determining cannabinoid concentrations using different chromatography techniques<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ASTMSubD37.03_45-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ASTMSubD37.03-45\">[45]<\/a><\/sup>, while the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) has already developed a Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR) for analyzing cannabinoids in hemp (i.e., low THC cannabis varieties).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AOACNew19_46-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AOACNew19-46\">[46]<\/a><\/sup> Overall, methods used in cannabinoid testing include<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-10\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MML-300_44-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MML-300-44\">[44]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LeghissaDetection18_47-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LeghissaDetection18-47\">[47]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SCCann16_48-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SCCann16-48\">[48]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AdamsNear16_49-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AdamsNear16-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR; has limitations, such as requiring standard samples tested w\/ other methods)<\/li>\n<li> Gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID; requires sample derivatization for both acid and neutral compounds; good with standards like 5\u03b1-cholestane, docosane, and tetracosane)<\/li>\n<li> Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS; requires sample derivatization for both acid and neutral compounds; good with standards like deuterated cannabinoids)<\/li>\n<li> Gas chromatography\u2013vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (GC-VUV)<\/li>\n<li> High-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection (HPLC-PAD; stable for all forms of cannabinoids)<\/li>\n<li> High-performance liquid chromatography UV detection (HPLC-UV)<\/li>\n<li> Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC; newer technology w\/ added benefits)<\/li>\n<li> Thin-layer chromatography (TLC; older, less common technology)<\/li>\n<li> Ultra-performance chromatography (UPC; newer technology w\/ added benefits)<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Also worthy of note is recent investigation of viably using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a more affordable and rapid solution to identifying cannabinoid contents and profiles of samples. Conferences<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ZilerRecap19_50-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ZilerRecap19-50\">[50]<\/a><\/sup>, research<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WangComp17_51-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WangComp17-51\">[51]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MarchettiUseOf19_52-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MarchettiUseOf19-52\">[52]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SiudemRapid19_53-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SiudemRapid19-53\">[53]<\/a><\/sup>, and articles<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MayNMR17_54-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MayNMR17-54\">[54]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BennettCanna18_55-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BennettCanna18-55\">[55]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ConnCanna19_56-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ConnCanna19-56\">[56]<\/a><\/sup> over the last few years have advanced the use of NMR spectroscopy for cannabinoid analysis.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Terpene_testing\">Terpene testing<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Identifying and quantifying terpenes is one of the more difficult tasks facing laboratorians<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-11\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>Terpenes present an analytical challenge because they are nonpolar and structurally similar, and many structural isomers exist. Mass spectrometry (MS) cannot distinguish terpenes that co-elute from a GC column because many have the same molecular weight and share fragment ions.<\/blockquote>\n<p>Of course, types of gas chromatography work; but like cannabinoids, terpenes can degrade with the high heat of gas chromatography.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AdamsNear16_49-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AdamsNear16-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup> Combined with the problems mentioned above, highly specialized gas chromatography processes that include additional steps, such as full evaporation technique headspace gas chromatography flame ionization detection (FET-HS-GC-FID), can be used to produce cleaner results, particularly for volatile components.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-12\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> It's less clear if high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is used frequently; some entities such as Eurofins Experchem Laboratories claim HPLC works best for them<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AdamsNear16_49-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AdamsNear16-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup>, while others such as Restek Corporation claim the method is problematic at best.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HerringCanHP16_57-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HerringCanHP16-57\">[57]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Overall, methods for terpene identification and analysis include<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SCLabs_9-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SCLabs-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SCCann16_48-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SCCann16-48\">[48]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HodgsonVacuum18_58-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HodgsonVacuum18-58\">[58]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AdamsNear16_49-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AdamsNear16-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ShimadzuCLTS_59-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ShimadzuCLTS-59\">[59]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CEMAnal18_60-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CEMAnal18-60\">[60]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Full evaporation technique\u2013headspace\u2013gas chromatography\u2013flame ionization detection (FET-HS-GC-FID; tends to be semi-quantitative)<\/li>\n<li> Gas chromatography\u2013flame ionization detection (GC-FID)<\/li>\n<li> Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS)<\/li>\n<li> Gas chromatography\u2013vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (GC-VUV)<\/li>\n<li> Headspace\u2013gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS)<\/li>\n<li> Headspace\u2013solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)<\/li>\n<li> High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; may have limitations due to coelution of terpenes and cannabinoids at certain ranges<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HerringCanHP16_57-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HerringCanHP16-57\">[57]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/li><\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Contaminate_testing\">Contaminate testing<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:LC_MS_pic.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"163ca4ba469498c6366547e3160644e8\"><img alt=\"LC MS pic.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/02\/LC_MS_pic.jpg\/400px-LC_MS_pic.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div><b>Pesticides<\/b>: Gas and liquid chromatography methods are by and large the staple of testing methods for pesticides, which remain \"the hardest analyses that are going to be done in the cannabis industry.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> Notably, high-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS\/MS) tends to be one of the most thorough methods says Emerald Scientific's CTO Amanda Rigdon. \"Ninety-five percent of the pesticides out there can be analyzed by HPLC-MS\/MS, although there are some that you would need a GC-MS\/MS for,\" she says.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup> A popular sample extraction method for detecting multiple pesticide residues in cannabis is the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method, which shows \"acceptable recoveries and relative standard deviations\" for almost all known pesticides<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DePalmaChallenges18_61-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DePalmaChallenges18-61\">[61]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LCGCTrends16_62-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LCGCTrends16-62\">[62]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KowalskiEval17_63-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KowalskiEval17-63\">[63]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WinklerPesticide18_64-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WinklerPesticide18-64\">[64]<\/a><\/sup>, though the release of heat and increase in pH of QuECHERS may degrade particularly sensitive pesticides in the sample.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-JordanAComp18_65-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-JordanAComp18-65\">[65]<\/a><\/sup> However, other methods such as solvent extraction (such as with acetonitrile) with dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) cleanup<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LCGCTrends16_62-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LCGCTrends16-62\">[62]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WinklerPesticide18_64-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WinklerPesticide18-64\">[64]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-JordanAComp18_65-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-JordanAComp18-65\">[65]<\/a><\/sup> and energized dispersive guided extraction (EDGE) may also been used.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CEMAnal18_60-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CEMAnal18-60\">[60]<\/a><\/sup> Common testing methods that have been used, after sample preparation, include<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-13\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ShimadzuCLTS_59-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ShimadzuCLTS-59\">[59]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CEMAnal18_60-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CEMAnal18-60\">[60]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KowalskiEval17_63-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KowalskiEval17-63\">[63]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WinklerPesticide18_64-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WinklerPesticide18-64\">[64]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-JordanAComp18_65-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-JordanAComp18-65\">[65]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<ul><li> Gas chromatography\u2013electron capture detection (GC-ECD)<\/li>\n<li> Gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS)<\/li>\n<li> Gas chromatography\u2013tandem-mass spectrometry (GC-MS\/MS)<\/li>\n<li> Liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC-MS; also high-performance or HPLC-MS)<\/li>\n<li> Liquid chromatography\u2013tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS; also high-performance or HPLC-MS\/MS)<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>For quantification of pesticides in cannabis, the AOAC's SMPR 2018.011, EPA's Residue Analytical Methods (RAM), and FDA's Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM) provide guidance to labs.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-14\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SMPR2018.011_66-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SMPR2018.011-66\">[66]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-EPAResidue17_67-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-EPAResidue17-67\">[67]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FDA_PAM_68-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FDA_PAM-68\">[68]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<b>Solvents<\/b>: Testing for solvents is largely standardized into a few options, which have parallels to existing pharmaceutical testing standards outlined in Chapter 467 of <i>United States Pharmacopeia and The National Formulary<\/i> (USP <467>)<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-USPNF467_31-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-USPNF467-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-15\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ShimadzuCLTS_59-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ShimadzuCLTS-59\">[59]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PocevaOpti16_69-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PocevaOpti16-69\">[69]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-L.27HeureuxAdvancing18_70-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-L.27HeureuxAdvancing18-70\">[70]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Headspace\u2013gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry (HS-GC\/MS)<\/li>\n<li> Headspace\u2013gas chromatography\u2013flame ionization detection\u2013mass spectrometry (HS-GC-FID-MS)<\/li>\n<li> Full evaporation technique\u2013headspace\u2013gas chromatography\u2013flame ionization detection (FET-HS-GC-FID)<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Massachusetts and Oregon\u2014and likely other states\u2014have used a variety of guidance documents such as USP <467>, reports from the Commission of the European Communities' Scientific Committee on Food (now the European Food Safety Authority), and the International Conference on Harmonization's (ICH) Q3C(R5)<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-16\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MDPHResponse_32-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MDPHResponse-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FarrerTech15_28-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FarrerTech15-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-USPNF467_31-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-USPNF467-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup> to set their action level testing values for particular solvents. The AOAC provides another standardized option in the form of their SMPR 2019.002.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SMPR2019.002_71-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SMPR2019.002-71\">[71]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<b>Heavy metals<\/b>: The methods used for quantifying levels of highly toxic metals in plants depend on ease-of-use, level of accuracy, and overall cost. Sample preparation typically includes the use of closed-vessel microwave digestion to get the sample into solution for analysis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CEMAnal18_60-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CEMAnal18-60\">[60]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BoyleSelecting18_72-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BoyleSelecting18-72\">[72]<\/a><\/sup> Once prepared, the following methods are most common for testing cannabis and other plants for heavy metals<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_12-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalACloser16-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-17\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DavisAnalysis15_73-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DavisAnalysis15-73\">[73]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ShimadzuCLTS_59-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ShimadzuCLTS-59\">[59]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Inductively coupled plasma\u2013atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), sometimes called inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) (at times coupled with an ultrasonic nebulizer)<\/li>\n<li> Inductively coupled plasma\u2013mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)<\/li>\n<li> Inductively coupled plasma\u2013tandem-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS\/MS)<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>For quantification of metals in cannabis, the U.S. FDA's ICP-MS methodology document is often used.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FDAAnalysisofFoods11_74-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FDAAnalysisofFoods11-74\">[74]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<b>Mycotoxins and microorganisms<\/b>: A standard method of testing for the existence of microorganisms is through the process of culturing a sample in a Petri dish, a common diagnostic method in microbiology. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is also used, particularly to identify mycotoxins. However, Petri culture analysis isn't rigorous, and ELISA can be time consuming, as it's limited to one mycotoxin per test.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_12-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalACloser16-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-18\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KennardYouAre16_35-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KennardYouAre16-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup> The following are other, more precise techniques that are improving laboratorians' analyses, particularly using DNA snippets of microbiological contaminates<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_12-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalACloser16-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KennardYouAre16_35-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KennardYouAre16-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ThompsonAMicro16_75-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ThompsonAMicro16-75\">[75]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-L.27HeureuxTesting18_76-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-L.27HeureuxTesting18-76\">[76]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)<\/li>\n<li> Whole metagenome shotgun (WMGS) sequencing<\/li>\n<li> Matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization (MALDI)<\/li>\n<li> High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)<\/li>\n<li> Liquid chromatography\u2013tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS)<\/li>\n<li> Liquid chromatography\u2013electrospray ionization\u2013tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS\/MS)<\/li>\n<li> Liquid chromatography\u2013atmospheric pressure chemical ionization\u2013tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS\/MS)<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>The extent of mycotoxin testing required remains in question by several entities. The APHL claims \"[t]here is no readily available evidence to support the contention that cannabis harbors significant levels of mycotoxins.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-19\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> The Oregon Health Authority takes a more middle-ground approach, noting that testing for <i>E. coli<\/i> and <i>Salmonella<\/i> will \"protect public health,\" though <i>Aspergillus<\/i> only deserves a warning for people with suppressed immune systems due to its prevalence in the environment.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FarrerTech15_28-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FarrerTech15-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup> USP <561> recommendations largely limit mycotoxin testing of botanical products to those borne from root or rhizome material<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-USPNF561_77-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-USPNF561-77\">[77]<\/a><\/sup>, \"which THC-containing cannabis products presumably do not possess,\" emphasizes the APHL.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> Regardless, U.S. Pharmacopeia's Chapter 561 remains a useful document for testing guidelines and limits regarding microbials<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-USPNF561_77-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-USPNF561-77\">[77]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-21\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>, as does the AOAC's SMPR 2019.001 for the detection of <i>Aspergillus<\/i>.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SMPR2019.001_78-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SMPR2019.001-78\">[78]<\/a><\/sup> In the less common case of dealing with powdered cannabis\u2014a relatively new THC extract form\u2014Chapter 2023 provides at least some testing parallels, though Dr. Tony Cundell, a microbiologist consulting for the pharmaceutical industry, suggests USP <2023> doesn't go far enough for immunocompromised patients.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CundellMicro15_79-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CundellMicro15-79\">[79]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Somewhat related and worth mentioning is moisture content testing. As previously mentioned, warm, moist environments are conducive to microorganism growth, and regularly measuring water activity is useful for the prevention of microbial growth.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FarrerTech15_28-6\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FarrerTech15-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup> The APHL references specifications from the Dutch Office of Medical Cannabis that recommend water content be between five to ten percent in cannabis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-22\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Reports\">Reports<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannabinoid_Detection.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"ec76a75a957b96669dc82350407b42d6\"><img alt=\"Cannabinoid Detection.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/40\/Cannabinoid_Detection.png\/400px-Cannabinoid_Detection.png\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>Along with increasingly specific regulations for handling and testing cannabis, including various track and trace systems, has come some standardization for lab reporting of cannabis test results, at least within a state or across Canada. Some U.S. states have outlined requirements for what must be included in such reports. \n<p>California's cannabis regulations include specific report requirements, including sample image, the words \"Regulatory Compliance Testing\" at top right and an overall pass\/fail rating for the sample. Here are the COA minimum requirements: \n<\/p>\n<ol><li> The term \u201cRegulatory Compliance Testing\u201d in font no smaller than 14-point, which shall appear in the upper-right corner of each page of the COA. No text or images shall appear above the term \u201cRegulatory Compliance Testing\u201d on any page of the COA.<\/li>\n<li> Laboratory\u2019s name, licensed premises address, and license number;<\/li>\n<li> Licensed distributor\u2019s or licensed microbusiness authorized to engage in distribution\u2019s name, licensed premises address, and license number;<\/li>\n<li> Licensed cultivator\u2019s, licensed manufacturer\u2019s, or licensed microbusiness\u2019 name, licensed premises address, and license number;<\/li>\n<li> Batch number of the batch from which the sample was obtained. For cannabis goods that are already packaged at the time of sampling, the labeled batch number on the packaged cannabis goods shall match the batch number on the COA;<\/li>\n<li> Sample identifying information, including matrix type and unique sample identifiers;<\/li>\n<li> Sample history, including the date collected, the date received by the laboratory, and the date(s) of sample analyses and corresponding testing results;<\/li>\n<li> A picture of the sample of cannabis goods. If the sample is pre-packaged, the picture must include an unobstructed image of the packaging;<\/li>\n<li> For dried flower samples, the total weight of the batch, in grams or pounds, and the total weight, of the representative sample in grams;<\/li>\n<li> For cannabis product or pre-rolls samples, the total unit count of both the representative sample and the total batch size;<\/li>\n<li> Measured density of the cannabis goods;<\/li>\n<li> The analytical methods, analytical instrumentation used, and corresponding Limits of Detection (LOD) and Limits of Quantitation (LOQ);<\/li>\n<li> An attestation on the COA from the laboratory supervisory or management employee that all LQC samples required by section 5730 of this division were performed and met the acceptance criteria; and<\/li>\n<li> Analytes detected during the analyses of the sample that are unknown, unidentified, or injurious to human health if consumed, if any.<\/li><\/ol>\n<dl><dd>(f) The laboratory shall report test results for each representative sample on the COA as follows:\n<dl><dd>(1) Indicate an overall \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d for the entire batch;<\/dd>\n<dd>(2) When reporting qualitative results for each analyte, the laboratory shall indicate \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d; Bureau of Cannabis Control Order of Adoption - 116 of 138<\/dd>\n<dd>(3) When reporting quantitative results for each analyte, the laboratory shall use the appropriate units of measurement as required under this chapter;<\/dd>\n<dd>(4) When reporting results for each test method, the laboratory shall indicate \u201cpass\u201d or \u201cfail\u201d;<\/dd>\n<dd>(5) When reporting results for any analytes that were detected below the analytical method LOQ, indicate \u201c<LOQ\u201d, notwithstanding cannabinoid results;<\/dd>\n<dd>(6) When reporting results for any analytes that were not detected or detected below the LOD, indicate \u201cND\u201d; and<\/dd>\n<dd>(7) Indicate \u201cNT\u201d for any test that the laboratory did not perform.<\/dd><\/dl><\/dd>\n<dd>(g) The laboratory supervisory or management employee shall validate the accuracy of the information contained on the COA and sign and date the COA.<\/dd><\/dl>\n<p>Authority: Section 26013, Business and Professions Code. Reference: Sections 26100, 26104 and 26110, Business and Professions Code.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CA_COA_Regs_80-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CA_COA_Regs-80\">[80]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Pennsylvania provides another example with its medical marijuana program (28 Pa. Code Chapter 1171), which includes a section on test results and reporting (1171.31). The regulations stipulate reporting by electronic tracking system, with stipulations on using certificates of analysis which include lot\/batch number and the specific compounds and contaminates tested.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-28PA1171_81-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-28PA1171-81\">[81]<\/a><\/sup> Regulations aside, it's largely up to the laboratory\u2014and often by extension, the software they're using\u2014to decide how a report is formatted. Some labs like Seattle-based Analytical 360 offer clean, color-based certificates of analysis, with high-magnification photographs, the chromatogram, potency, cannabinoid content, contaminate content, and explanation of limits, with the name of the approving analyst.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CC_A360_82-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CC_A360-82\">[82]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-C360Results_83-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-C360Results-83\">[83]<\/a><\/sup> Others may simply generate a computer printout with the basic data and a legend.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HydrioCan16_84-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HydrioCan16-84\">[84]<\/a><\/sup> Reports may originate from the measuring device itself (e.g., an integrator in a chromatography device), a middleware or data station attached to the instrument, or a laboratory information management system (LIMS) that accepted data from the instrument.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-McKennaSetting15_85-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-McKennaSetting15-85\">[85]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Though not directly related to laboratory testing, it's worth noting states also have their own reporting requirements for growers, processors, and dispensaries. Both Oregon and Washington, for example, require monthly reports related to medical marijuana transfers.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-OMMPReporting_86-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-OMMPReporting-86\">[86]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-314-55_WAC_87-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-314-55_WAC-87\">[87]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Lab_equipment\">Lab equipment<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>As indicated in previous sections, spectrometry and chromatography have played and will continue to play an important role in cannabis laboratory testing. This should not be surprising: \"mass spectrometry is superior to other spectral techniques in such features as sensitivity, selectivity, generation possibility of molecular mass\/formula, and combinability with chromatography.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MilmanTech10_88-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MilmanTech10-88\">[88]<\/a><\/sup> Analyzing complex chemical compounds that have many features and which are at times difficult to differentiate from each other proves challenging, but these technologies excel in meeting that task.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MilmanTech10_88-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MilmanTech10-88\">[88]<\/a><\/sup> Refer to the previous \"Methods and guidelines\" section to note the specific technology associated with each molecule and contaminate. Aside from spectrometry and chromatography equipment, the analysis of microorganisms in cannabis may turn to DNA analysis methods that require additional equipment such as a thermal cycler (qPCR) or sequencer (WMGS), or ELISA, which utilizes a photometer or spectrophotometer. Of course, preparing and storing samples requires equipment as well, such as microplates, centrifuges, comparison standards, capillaries, chemicals, columns, Petri dishes, scales, and disposable gloves. Software-based data management systems may also constitute equipment and are discussed in the next section.\n<\/p><p>When it comes to purchasing lab equipment specifically for cannabis testing, a 2015 interview with Emerald Scientific's CTO Amanda Rigdon (then with Restek Corporation) provides good advice<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-TaylorCanna15_89-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-TaylorCanna15-89\">[89]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Industry-specific instrumentation isn't needed in most cases as most of the techniques and equipment used in food and herbal medicine testing have strong parallels to cannabis testing.<\/li>\n<li> That said, some sample preparation tools, standards, and consumables specifically marketed to the industry may very well make the job quicker and more reliable.<\/li>\n<li> Appropriate sample preparation techniques are just as vital as the equipment you use.<\/li>\n<li> Do your research; many instrument companies are examining methodologies usable on conventional equipment, lessening the need for more expensive devices.<\/li>\n<li> If buying used equipment, make sure the original manufacturer is still in business and producing consumables and replacement parts. Make sure your planned methods match the equipment, and make sure it's not so old that it can't be serviced by a qualified technician.<\/li><\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Software\">Software<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Laboratories increasingly depend on software to analyze, store, and share critical data from instruments and experiments.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-VI11_90-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-VI11-90\">[90]<\/a><\/sup> This has led to the development of laboratory-specific software like the laboratory information management system (LIMS), electronic laboratory notebook (ELN), and chromatography data system (CDS). These and other software systems such as \"seed-to-sale\" programs can also play an important role in the cannabis testing laboratory.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"LIMS\">LIMS<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Laboratories of all types use LIMS software to manage the wide variety of data, testing and analysis workflows, and other enterprise activities typical of them. This generally includes\u2014but is not limited to\u2014sample receipt, workflow management, sample tracking and analysis, quality control, instrument data management, data storage, reporting and document management.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SkobelevLab11_91-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SkobelevLab11-91\">[91]<\/a><\/sup> The cannabis testing laboratory is no exception, though its activities differ slightly from, for example, a clinical pathology laboratory. As such, a few additional features outside of what's typically found in a generic LIMS are required.\n<\/p><p>Features that may be incorporated into a cannabis testing LIMS that you might not necessarily find in an all-purpose LIMS include<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BirosUsing15_92-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BirosUsing15-92\">[92]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PromiumELIMSCanna_93-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PromiumELIMSCanna-93\">[93]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LLLIMSCanna_94-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LLLIMSCanna-94\">[94]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AudinoManag18_95-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AudinoManag18-95\">[95]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PaszkoSelecting18_96-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PaszkoSelecting18-96\">[96]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> sample loading screens optimized for the industry, including differentiation between medical and recreational marijuana<\/li>\n<li> pre-loaded compliant test protocols, labels, and reports optimized and readily adjustable for a rapidly changing industry<\/li>\n<li> tools for creating new, compliant test protocols, labels, and reports<\/li>\n<li> a web API to integrate with state-required compliance reporting systems<\/li>\n<li> chain-of-custody (CoC) tracking, when necessary<\/li>\n<li> support for inventory reconciliation<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>As previously discussed, industry-specific test protocols largely focus on cannabinoids, terpenes, and a wide variety of contaminates, including excess water. However, as regulations continue to be in a state of flux and not particularly standardized, most LIMS developers are including the ability for users to adjust their protocols and even add new ones. And while CoC functionality is not entirely foreign to generic LIMS, it's particularly important in an industry where currently transporting even a cannabis test sample across state lines can create huge problems.\n<\/p><p>In cases where daily sample processing is infrequent and only a couple of chromatography machines are used, laboratories may weigh a decision between a LIMS and a chromatography-specific CDS, although the ability to produce an acceptable certificate of authenticity (CoA) and document the CoC are still factors, along with any state reporting requirements.\n<\/p><p><b>Cannabis LIMS solutions<\/b>\n<\/p><p>LIMS solutions have increasingly emerged as the cannabis testing industry has expanded. One vendor who has designed a LIMS solution specifically for cannabis testing, and has several laboratory clients in various states and Canada, is the well-established LabLynx, Inc., who are also accredited with METRC track-and-trace.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"CDS\">CDS<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Scientists on the research side of cannabis are certainly using CDSs from Agilent, Thermo Scientific, Waters, and other to manage the data coming out of their chromatography equipment<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PurschkeDevelop16_97-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PurschkeDevelop16-97\">[97]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AlbertiniDeterm15_98-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AlbertiniDeterm15-98\">[98]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LaytonAnalysis17_99-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LaytonAnalysis17-99\">[99]<\/a><\/sup>, and slowly but surely some of those CDSs are beginning to also support spectrometer data management in a similar way.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DaviesCentral16_100-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DaviesCentral16-100\">[100]<\/a><\/sup> Additionally, some chromatography system developers will collaborate with CDS vendors to develop software drivers\u2014code that essentially acts as a translator between a device and a program\u2014so chromatography devices can interact fully with the CDS.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ShimadzuWaters_101-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ShimadzuWaters-101\">[101]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The CDS likely has a place in the cannabis testing lab as well, though it may depend on the lab's data management needs and goals. In more complex labs with multiple instruments and significant daily processing workflows, a LIMS may make more practical sense.\n<\/p><p><b>CDS vendors<\/b>\n<\/p><p>Some vendors like Thermo Fisher Scientific offer a CDS in conjunction with its other chromatography systems marketed for the cannabis testing industry. Other commons CDS solutions include:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php?title=PerkinElmer_Inc.\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"limswiki:PerkinElmer Inc.\" data-key=\"a1f93dfeba6dc2e772ae1b81de177fd7\">Chromera<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php?title=Bruker_Corporation\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"limswiki:Bruker Corporation\" data-key=\"c8a1cc61dcfe14487b7e115e27dd3717\">Compass Hystar<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php?title=Waters_Corporation\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"limswiki:Waters Corporation\" data-key=\"a384a268e6b05150810f303226ad941f\">Empower 3<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php?title=Shimadzu_Corporation\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"limswiki:Shimadzu Corporation\" data-key=\"1da4c272eaec5637e95bd0596e84470d\">LabSolutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php?title=Agilent_Technologies,_Inc.\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"limswiki:Agilent Technologies, Inc.\" data-key=\"2083a510f62662a787fc9be123ff4f79\">OpenLAB CDS<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php?title=H%26A_Scientific,_Inc.\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"limswiki:H&A Scientific, Inc.\" data-key=\"92f5ae4678754300bb5768f9c3c6b1bd\">PC\/Chrom<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Seed-to-sale\">Seed-to-sale<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The use of seed-to-sale software is an emerging trend that is only tangentially related to laboratory testing of cannabis. Rather than at testing laboratories, seed-to-sale software is found at cultivation sites, production facilities, and dispensaries, and that software is typically designed to be able to integrate with testing laboratory or other software. The goal: create a complete record of transaction, from the grown plant to the lab, producer, and seller. This sort of tracking is mandated in various ways by many U.S. states with legalization laws. \"It\u2019s there to prevent the diversion of marijuana, which the federal government still lists as a Schedule I substance, the most dangerous class of drugs,\" wrote Daniel Rothberg of the <i>Las Vegas Sun<\/i> in December 2015. \"Tracking also ensures product safety, assists with audits and helps facilitate recalls.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RothbergSoft15_102-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RothbergSoft15-102\">[102]<\/a><\/sup> This type of software is able to track plant yields, attempted theft or diversion, patient preferences, extraction methods, batch weights, and various financial statistics for analysis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SmythTrack16_103-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SmythTrack16-103\">[103]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RothbergSoft15_102-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RothbergSoft15-102\">[102]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><b>Seed-to-sale software vendors<\/b>\n<\/p><p>The following vendors are a representative sample of those who offer a seed-to-sale system for the cannabis industry: \n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ampleorganics.com\/\">Ample Organics, Inc. - Ample Organics<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.biotrack.com\/government-seed-to-sale-tracking\/\">Bio-Tech Medical Software, Inc. - BioTrackTHC<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chetu.com\/agriculture\/seed-to-sale.php\">Chetu, Inc. - Custom software solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/bedauntless.com\/\">Dauntless Software, Inc. - Dauntless Retail<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.viridiansciences.com\/\">Far-From-Groove'N, Inc. dba Viridian Sciences - Viridian Sciences<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flourishsoftware.com\/software\/seed-to-sale-tracking-software\">Flourish Software, LLC - Flourish<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.metrc.com\/\">Franwell, Inc. - Metrc<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.greenbits.com\/\">Green Bits, Inc. - Green Bits<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/kind.financial\/agrisoft-seed-to-sale-software\/\">KindManage, LLC - Agrisoft<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mjplatform.com\/\">MJ Freeway, LLC - MJ Platform<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.motagistics.com\/\">Motagistics, LLC - 4S<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.processproerp.com\/cannabis\">Open Systems, Inc. - Process Pro<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/prosoftxp.com\/\">Progressive Software International - ProsoftXP<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.proteus420.com\/\">Proteus Business Solutions, Inc. - PROTEUS420<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.webjoint.com\/\">Pyrotree, Inc. - WebJoint<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.covasoftware.com\/\">Retail Innovation Labs, LLC - Cova<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/leafops.com\/\">SDY & Associates, LLC - LeafOps<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.silverw.com\/cannabis-erp\/\">Silverware, Inc. - Silverleaf<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/theracann.solutions\/etch-biotrace\/\">TheraCann International Corporation \u2013 ETCH Biotrace<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.trellisgrows.com\/\">Trellis Solutions, Inc. - Trellis<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/weedtraqr.com\/\">WeedTraQR, LLC - WeedTraQR<\/a><\/li>\n<li> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/groweriq.ca\/\">Wilcompute Systems Group, Inc. - GrowerIQ<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Future_of_cannabis_regulation.2C_testing.2C_and_market_trends\">Future of cannabis regulation, testing, and market trends<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>What is the future of cannabis regulation, testing and the associated market? The following, is taken from Chapter 5 of <i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php?title=LII:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"limswiki:LII:Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States\" data-key=\"1df0af9cbc96b7412a0ae6a7f2279f68\">Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States<\/a><\/i> on LIMSwiki.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Medical_cannabis_demo_2.JPG\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"a2770f4f0f81a107597541a03a3b91c9\"><img alt=\"Medical cannabis demo 2.JPG\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7b\/Medical_cannabis_demo_2.JPG\/250px-Medical_cannabis_demo_2.JPG\" width=\"250\" height=\"370\" \/><\/a><\/div>On February 23, 2017, then White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer indicated for the first time that the Trump administration would indeed be ramping up enforcement in states that have legalized recreational marijuana use, stating \"I do believe that you\u2019ll see greater enforcement,\" adding that \"there\u2019s a big difference between the medical use ... that\u2019s very different than the recreational use, which is something the Department of Justice will be further looking into.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KumarTrump17_104-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KumarTrump17-104\">[104]<\/a><\/sup> Five days later, U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions continued to send pessimistic signals, stating he was \"dubious about marijuana,\" and that \"[w]e have a responsibility to use our best judgment ... and my view is we don\u2019t need to be legalizing marijuana.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WheelerSessions17_105-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WheelerSessions17-105\">[105]<\/a><\/sup> Several days later, seemingly in response to both Spicer's and Sessions' comments, 11 U.S. senators sent a letter to Sessions asking him to keep in mind Trump's campaign promises of letting states decide their own fate on legalization efforts.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HotokainenEleven17_106-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HotokainenEleven17-106\">[106]<\/a><\/sup> Encouraging responses to these and other requests (e.g., rescheduling, expanded grow operations, expanded research) remain elusive, however, particularly due to an administration that seems to at best provide conflicting statements about the future of federal marijuana policy and at worst actively try to deceive the American people with misinformation and lies.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HoldenInside18_107-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HoldenInside18-107\">[107]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LasloWhy18_108-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LasloWhy18-108\">[108]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LasloCongress18_109-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LasloCongress18-109\">[109]<\/a><\/sup>\n<p>Until effective and demonstrable policy change takes place in the U.S. federal government concerning marijuana, researchers, doctors, patients, laboratory personnel, and entrepreneurs will have to keep fighting uncertainty and a convoluted patchwork of state and federal regulations. More certain is mounting evidence that a growing majority of U.S. voters believe the federal government should not be enforcing its laws in such states: 64 percent agreed on this in 2012<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-NewportAmericans12_110-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NewportAmericans12-110\">[110]<\/a><\/sup>, rising to 71 percent in 2017.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-QuinnipiacRepublicans17_111-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-QuinnipiacRepublicans17-111\">[111]<\/a><\/sup> Despite such support, it may largely be up to the states in the future to twist the arm of the federal government. Legal representatives at Thompson Coburn expressed this idea well in a blog post in November 2016<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Romza-KutzTheSilver16_112-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Romza-KutzTheSilver16-112\">[112]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>The cannabis industry may have to consider forcing the federal hand by providing credible data on the safety of cannabis as it was invited to do in the DEA decision, in addition to the continuing to support the groundswell of approval at the state level. At some point, in the near future, the state regulatory position and the federal position will have to be reconciled. The industry can and should prompt that reconciliation by a clear united message to federal lawmakers. Without that, it remains unlikely that agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), will change its position on cannabis. A lack of change will inhibit market growth and prevent the cannabis industry from reaching its potential.<\/blockquote>\n<p>The obvious issue of expanding research and testing on cannabis and addressing its safety is acquiring the product within a legal framework and a reasonable time frame. As mentioned previously, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) has recognized the need for more federally approved growers than the NIDA center at the University of Mississippi (which came under fire in March 2017 for not testing its provided samples for mold and other contaminants in any standardized fashion<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HellermanScientists17_113-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HellermanScientists17-113\">[113]<\/a><\/sup>), and in 2016 they began accepting applications for additional entities looking to grow marijuana for researchers.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-81FR53846_114-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-81FR53846-114\">[114]<\/a><\/sup> However, as of March 2020, no new growers have been federally approved. Additionally, complaints have been leveled at the University of Mississippi facility by researchers for not providing enough diversified samples that are more representative of what people are purchasing from dispensaries.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PiomelliCannabis18_115-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PiomelliCannabis18-115\">[115]<\/a><\/sup> \n<\/p><p>Assuming the Trump administration acts on campaign promises\u2014and signs point to the administration at least being on spoken record of supporting medical marijuana and associated research<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MPPTrumpMMJ_116-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MPPTrumpMMJ-116\">[116]<\/a><\/sup>\u2014researchers may eventually have more options for acquiring research-quality cannabis in the future. This should in turn allow researchers a shot at more focused studies that provide efficacy and safety data related to the medical use of cannabis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Romza-KutzTheSilver16_112-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Romza-KutzTheSilver16-112\">[112]<\/a><\/sup> In fact, this has been a goal of Dr. Susan Weiss, Division Director of Extramural Research at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) for some time. In July 2016 testimony to the U.S. Judiciary Committee<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_117-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WeissTestimony16-117\">[117]<\/a><\/sup> and in an April 2017 research paper published in <i>The International Journal of Drug Policy<\/i><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WeissBuilding17_118-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WeissBuilding17-118\">[118]<\/a><\/sup>, Weiss cautiously recognized and promoted the need for further evidence-based cannabis research, emphasizing both the healthy and detrimental effects evident so far in the plant and its constituents. She said of recent federal actions towards this goal<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_117-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WeissTestimony16-117\">[117]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>Multiple agencies (NIH, ONDCP, DEA, and FDA) are working together to find ways to streamline the process to facilitate research while meeting international and legislative obligations under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs and the Controlled Substances Act. In addition to actions taken by the Department of Health and Humans Services to eliminate the Public Health Services (PHS) committee review for non-federally funded marijuana research, the DEA recently streamlined the administrative process for CBD research to allow researchers to obtain a waiver of the requirement for review of changes to an approved protocol in their DEA research registrations, and is attempting to address the marijuana diversity and product development concern by licensing additional manufacturers.<\/blockquote>\n<p>Another recent and significant body of research that may have future influence on cannabis research itself is a massive January 2017 cannabis literature review published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This 440-page report detailed the National Academies' findings after reviewing more than 10,700 abstracts related to cannabis. Among its final recommendations, the authors called for<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-NASEMTheHealth17_119-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NASEMTheHealth17-119\">[119]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> public and private entities to fund and support a national cannabis research initiative that looks to fill key knowledge gaps;<\/li>\n<li> government agencies to develop research methods and standards that may act as a guide towards higher-quality cannabis research;<\/li>\n<li> government agencies, non-profit associations, and state and local health departments to fund and support efforts to improve federal, state, and local public health surveillance systems and efforts; and<\/li>\n<li> government, non-government, and industry entities to work together towards developing a report on existing regulatory barriers to research and how to overcome them.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>In January 2020, the topic of needing more legitimate cannabis sources for cannabis research was brought up yet again, this time in the context of an official hearing exclusively on cannabis by the House Health Subcommittee of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, titled \"Cannabis Policies for the New Decade.\" The hearing provided an opportunity for legislators to discuss the \"catch-22\" of regulation and medical research: \"Research is restricted because cannabis is currently considered a Schedule 1 drug under the Controlled Substance Act, yet more research would better determine if marijuana should be rescheduled or descheduled.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SmithUSHouse20_120-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SmithUSHouse20-120\">[120]<\/a><\/sup> Lawmakers and witnesses both agreed that another limiter was having the University of Mississippi as the sole DEA-approved supplier of research-quality cannabis. \n<\/p><p>While the growing discussion on research is encouraging, some researchers such as Mayo Clinic psychiatrist and researcher Michael Bostwick have historically been less convinced that the barriers will fall\u2014claiming federal entities shift too much focus on the detrimental effects and not enough on the potential benefits\u2014and aren't optimistic about the direction the Trump administration will take.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GrantMari17_121-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GrantMari17-121\">[121]<\/a><\/sup> Despite this pessimism, predictions of substantial revenues in states where recreational marijuana is legalized or could be legalized persist.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MorrisTheNext16_122-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MorrisTheNext16-122\">[122]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ThomasBigPot17_123-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ThomasBigPot17-123\">[123]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HoughtonTown17_124-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HoughtonTown17-124\">[124]<\/a><\/sup> The latest national estimates by market research and analytics company New Frontier Data put the U.S. marijuana industry at $24 billion by 2025<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WallaceReport17_125-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WallaceReport17-125\">[125]<\/a><\/sup>, with 400,000 total jobs expected by 2021.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GreenCannabis18_126-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GreenCannabis18-126\">[126]<\/a><\/sup> Yet entities such as the Denver-based Marijuana Policy Group and cannabis law firm Vicente Sederberg LLC preach caution when dealing with tax revenue estimates and economic projections in the U.S. cannabis market<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WallaceReport17_125-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WallaceReport17-125\">[125]<\/a><\/sup>, pointing to CIBC World Markets' grossly inflated tax revenue estimate of $142 CAD ($106 USD) per resident in January 2016, an overshot of about 300 percent.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WallaceWhat16_127-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WallaceWhat16-127\">[127]<\/a><\/sup> \"This is a fast-paced, changing market with varying different dynamics that have more to do based on governmental and regulatory dynamics than they do on consumer dynamics,\" said Vicente Sederberg's director of economics and research Andrew Livingston.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WallaceReport17_125-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WallaceReport17-125\">[125]<\/a><\/sup> \n<\/p><p>Indeed, current and future regulatory dynamics seem to be the biggest wildcards in making market-based predictions, with predicted tax and associated revenue estimates capable of both being significantly too high (by inadequately taking into account local and regional cultural and economic statuses) or too low (by not anticipating new states legalization efforts, research breakthroughs, or ties to other mainstream but related industries).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WallaceReport17_125-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WallaceReport17-125\">[125]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WallaceWhat16_127-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WallaceWhat16-127\">[127]<\/a><\/sup> Additionally, too much regulation can put a stranglehold on a state's cannabis program development\u2014as it has done in Minnesota<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PotterBig16_128-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PotterBig16-128\">[128]<\/a><\/sup>\u2014causing related grow-ops and laboratories to take significant losses or even go out of business.\n<\/p><p>Finally, on a social level, the push by many to legalize marijuana and, by extension, push for beneficial changes in federal marijuana policy, has been driven even further by dramatic increase in use of and health consequences surrounding opioids in the United States.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PiomelliCannabis18_115-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PiomelliCannabis18-115\">[115]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BradfordOpioid18_129-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BradfordOpioid18-129\">[129]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoldmanNewYork18_130-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoldmanNewYork18-130\">[130]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SukelCould18_131-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SukelCould18-131\">[131]<\/a><\/sup> What's not clear is how effective a replacement cannabis would be. Dr. Weiss again provides context, this time in the February 2018 workshop <i>Cannabis and the opioid crisis: A multidisciplinary review<\/i><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PiomelliCannabis18_115-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PiomelliCannabis18-115\">[115]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>I think we need to be very circumspect in what we are expecting from cannabis with respect to the opioid epidemic. There is no doubt that there are many patients suffering from pain, and we do not have a lot of options to treat it, especially chronic pain. Moreover, the cannabinoid system has a lot of promise regarding analgesic potential and alternative medication approaches. Whether it is the plant, components of the plant, or other strategies to modify endocannabinoid function\u2014these are all possibilities that we need to explore to both help abate the opioid crisis and treat patients with pain who continue to suffer.<\/blockquote>\n<p>From that same workshop, several additional insights were revealed<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PiomelliCannabis18_115-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PiomelliCannabis18-115\">[115]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> The National Academies' 2017 research recognizes \"the classification of cannabis as a Schedule I substance [as something] that impedes the advancement of cannabis and cannabinoid research.\" Getting past that will require the federal government living up to its 2016 promise to expand approved grow-ops.<\/li>\n<li> Getting marijuana rescheduled is further challenged by the fact that an entire plant and its constituents are scheduled. Difficulties arise because when we talk about rescheduling marijuana, the question has to be asked: \"Are you talking about a plant that is mostly THC, that is mostly CBD (cannabidiol), that has unspecified different components in it?\"<\/li>\n<li> A major question remains concerning \"whether cannabinoids and opioids interact at a pharmacological level.\" To further study this, not only do well organized studies need to be designed, but also, as previously mentioned, access to quality samples and a willingness to see the benefit in such research is still required.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>As of February 2020, the Marijuana Data Collection Act is still making its way through the legal quagmire, stuck in the House Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CongressHR1587_132-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CongressHR1587-132\">[132]<\/a><\/sup> Citing many of the previously mentioned issues and more, the proposed bill asks for the National Academy of Sciences \"to conduct and update biennially a study on the effects of State legalized marijuana programs,\" among other tasks. Specifically the research would look at revenue impacts, medicinal use and safety, correlation with opioid abuse, criminal justice impacts, and employment impacts.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CongressHR6495_133-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CongressHR6495-133\">[133]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AngellFederal18_134-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AngellFederal18-134\">[134]<\/a><\/sup> Whether or not this bill passes, one may argue that its intent is inline with the sentiment of representatives at Thompson Coburn: \"forcing the federal hand by providing credible data on the safety of cannabis.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Romza-KutzTheSilver16_112-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Romza-KutzTheSilver16-112\">[112]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Lab_testing\">Lab testing<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannabis_laboratory_research_II.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"465f95d6a817171fd54c5d11f0f73b97\"><img alt=\"Cannabis laboratory research II.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c6\/Cannabis_laboratory_research_II.jpg\/400px-Cannabis_laboratory_research_II.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>Future-looking estimates on cannabis lab testing are more difficult to find. The primary numbers being floated around originate from a June 2015 market report published by GreenWave Advisors titled <i>Marijuana lab testing: An in depth analysis of investing in one of the industry\u2019s most attractive plays<\/i>. GreenWave suggested that if the U.S. were to quickly legalize cannabis at the federal level, lab testing revenues alone would be $553 million by 2020, $866 million including related activities such as data analysis and consulting.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DPAUnique16_135-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DPAUnique16-135\">[135]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SBSignal15_136-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SBSignal15-136\">[136]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GWMari15_137-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GWMari15-137\">[137]<\/a><\/sup> Another forward-looking statement by Research and Markets in March 2017 suggested the cannabis testing market across the globe could be valued at $1.4 billion by 2021, affected positively by legalization of medical cannabis, laboratory growth, and information technology adoption, negatively by analytical instruments' high costs and a \"dearth of skilled professionals.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RMCannabis17_138-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RMCannabis17-138\">[138]<\/a><\/sup> A more conservative number was offered by Coherent Market Insights in July 2018, suggesting a global market at $1.5 billion by 2026<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CMICannabis18_139-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CMICannabis18-139\">[139]<\/a><\/sup>, with Global Market Insights suggesting in July 2019 a number closer to $2.0 billion.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GMICanna19_140-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GMICanna19-140\">[140]<\/a><\/sup>\n<p>As for advances in cannabis lab testing, Kuzdzal <i>et al.<\/i> of Shimadzu envision a future where improvements in standardization, quality control, and research will shift what is tested and how it's tested<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_12-7\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalACloser16-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>The cannabis industry and cannabis testing are in their infancies. As the need for better quality control continues and standardization is introduced, it is likely that lower limits for the various cannabis contaminants will be established and regulations will be introduced. Mass spectrometry will likely play a greater role in quantitation as detection levels are lowered and confirmatory tests are required. The health benefits of terpenes present in cannabis will also provide a fertile area of scientific research. CBD, CBG and other compounds appear to have a synergistic relationship with each other as well as with various THC forms and terpenes. This field needs much more investigation to determine mechanisms of action, bioavailability and health benefits.<\/blockquote>\n<p>Lab testing of cannabis should continue to provide more exact and useful results as methods and standards continue to evolve. Disparity of results between two labs for the same sample are continuing to narrow as states increasingly add testing requirements to their cannabis legislature.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-NelsonHas16_141-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NelsonHas16-141\">[141]<\/a><\/sup> Those testing requirements are increasingly based off a growing body of recommendations, guidance, and standards developed by the likes of the Americans for Safe Access Foundation (ASAF), American Herbal Pharmacopoeia (AHP), American Herbal Products Association (AHPA), Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC), American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), and the Association of Public Health Laboratories.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-InfocastNew16_142-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-InfocastNew16-142\">[142]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AHPARecomm16_143-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AHPARecomm16-143\">[143]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AHPCanna14_144-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AHPCanna14-144\">[144]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AHPCanna14_144-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AHPCanna14-144\">[144]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MarcuJahan16_145-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MarcuJahan16-145\">[145]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-EricksonCleaning17_146-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-EricksonCleaning17-146\">[146]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-20\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-23\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> Already, the groundwork for standard methods is being created by the AOAC and ASTM International, which continue to work on standardizing the determination and quantitation of cannabinoid concentrations, residual solvents, and pesticide amounts.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AOACNew19_46-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AOACNew19-46\">[46]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ASTMSubD37.03_45-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ASTMSubD37.03-45\">[45]<\/a><\/sup> Proficiency tests such as the Emerald Test<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-EmeraldTest_147-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-EmeraldTest-147\">[147]<\/a><\/sup>, which allows multiple labs to test an anonymous sample and compare results, should also continue to drive improved performance from cannabis testing labs.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-NelsonHas16_141-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NelsonHas16-141\">[141]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Another potential trend to keep an eye on with these testing laboratories: consolidation. Currently there's not a lot of data on the extent consolidation has affected the number of cannabis testing labs or how they operate; the industry is arguably still in its infancy. Regardless, mentions in press and practical examples demonstrate that consolidation is a real concern for the industry, if not now in the future. Suggestion of such came from Steep Hill Halent's CEO David Lampach in late 2013, anticipating \"huge consolidation in general and fewer companies as a result.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LampachQA13_148-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LampachQA13-148\">[148]<\/a><\/sup> The previously mentioned GreenWave Advisors as well as CannaSafe Analytics and Kramer Holcomb Sheik have also lent their voices to this idea in recent years.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-TMIDigiPath15_149-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-TMIDigiPath15-149\">[149]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SchroyerIndustry16_150-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SchroyerIndustry16-150\">[150]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KHSFiveKey18_151-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KHSFiveKey18-151\">[151]<\/a><\/sup> Startup costs also tend to favor existing labs who merely extend their services as opposed to brand-new labs who have to acquire premises, equipment (and cannabis testing requires a selection - unlike a small clinical diagnostics lab, for instance, which may be able to get away with a single chem analyzer initially), software (LIMS), hire staff, get licensed, etc.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-Cannalab_Tests-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Cannalab_Tests_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Biros, A.G. (11 January 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabisindustryjournal.com\/feature_article\/analyzing-the-emerald-test-results-cannabis-labs-making-progress\/\">\"Analyzing The Emerald Test Results: Cannabis Labs Making Progress\"<\/a>. Cannabis Industry Journal<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabisindustryjournal.com\/feature_article\/analyzing-the-emerald-test-results-cannabis-labs-making-progress\/\">https:\/\/cannabisindustryjournal.com\/feature_article\/analyzing-the-emerald-test-results-cannabis-labs-making-progress\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Analyzing+The+Emerald+Test+Results%3A+Cannabis+Labs+Making+Progress&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Biros%2C+A.G.&rft.au=Biros%2C+A.G.&rft.date=11+January+2017&rft.pub=Cannabis+Industry+Journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcannabisindustryjournal.com%2Ffeature_article%2Fanalyzing-the-emerald-test-results-cannabis-labs-making-progress%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Cannalab_Water_Activity-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Cannalab_Water_Activity_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Demski, N. (September 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/terpenesandtesting.com\/category\/testing\/water-activity-testing-cannabis\">\"Testing the Waters: Is My Cannabis Safe to Consume?\"<\/a>. Terpenes and Testing Magazine<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/terpenesandtesting.com\/category\/testing\/water-activity-testing-cannabis\">https:\/\/terpenesandtesting.com\/category\/testing\/water-activity-testing-cannabis<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Testing+the+Waters%3A+Is+My+Cannabis+Safe+to+Consume%3F&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Demski%2C+N.&rft.au=Demski%2C+N.&rft.date=September+2018&rft.pub=Terpenes+and+Testing+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterpenesandtesting.com%2Fcategory%2Ftesting%2Fwater-activity-testing-cannabis&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Cannalab_Water_Activity_Test-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Cannalab_Water_Activity_Test_3-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Oberhill, D., Goldman, S. (14 May 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marijuanaventure.com\/understanding-water-activity\">\"Understanding Water Activity\"<\/a>. Marijuana Venture Magazine<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marijuanaventure.com\/understanding-water-activity\">https:\/\/www.marijuanaventure.com\/understanding-water-activity<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Understanding+Water+Activity&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Oberhill%2C+D.%2C+Goldman%2C+S.&rft.au=Oberhill%2C+D.%2C+Goldman%2C+S.&rft.date=14+May+2018&rft.pub=Marijuana+Venture+Magazine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marijuanaventure.com%2Funderstanding-water-activity&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-21_CFR-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-21_CFR_4-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Saman, A. (22 May 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/hemphacker.com\/cgmp-definitions-for-the-cannabis-industry-21-cfr-part-210\/\">\"18 GMP Cannabis defintions you need to know\"<\/a>. HempHacker.com<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/hemphacker.com\/cgmp-definitions-for-the-cannabis-industry-21-cfr-part-210\/\">https:\/\/hemphacker.com\/cgmp-definitions-for-the-cannabis-industry-21-cfr-part-210\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=18+GMP+Cannabis+defintions+you+need+to+know&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Saman%2C+A.&rft.au=Saman%2C+A.&rft.date=22+May+2016&rft.pub=HempHacker.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhemphacker.com%2Fcgmp-definitions-for-the-cannabis-industry-21-cfr-part-210%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-APHLGuide16-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-0\">5.00<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-1\">5.01<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-2\">5.02<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-3\">5.03<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-4\">5.04<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-5\">5.05<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-6\">5.06<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-7\">5.07<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-8\">5.08<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-9\">5.09<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-10\">5.10<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-11\">5.11<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-12\">5.12<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-13\">5.13<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-14\">5.14<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-15\">5.15<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-16\">5.16<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-17\">5.17<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-18\">5.18<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-19\">5.19<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-20\">5.20<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-21\">5.21<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-22\">5.22<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-APHLGuide16_5-23\">5.23<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Association of Public Health Laboratories (May 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf\">\"Guidance for State Medical Cannabis Testing Programs\"<\/a> (PDF). pp. 35<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf\">https:\/\/www.aphl.org\/aboutAPHL\/publications\/Documents\/EH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Guidance+for+State+Medical+Cannabis+Testing+Programs&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Association+of+Public+Health+Laboratories&rft.au=Association+of+Public+Health+Laboratories&rft.date=May+2016&rft.pages=pp.+35&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aphl.org%2FaboutAPHL%2Fpublications%2FDocuments%2FEH-Guide-State-Med-Cannabis-052016.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CCP18-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CCP18_6-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/\">\"California Cannabis Portal\"<\/a>. State of California. 2018<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/\">https:\/\/cannabis.ca.gov\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=California+Cannabis+Portal&rft.atitle=&rft.date=2018&rft.pub=State+of+California&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcannabis.ca.gov%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CassidayTheHighs16-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-0\">7.00<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-1\">7.01<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-2\">7.02<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-3\">7.03<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-4\">7.04<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-5\">7.05<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-6\">7.06<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-7\">7.07<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-8\">7.08<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-9\">7.09<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-10\">7.10<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-11\">7.11<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-12\">7.12<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-13\">7.13<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-14\">7.14<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-15\">7.15<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-16\">7.16<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-17\">7.17<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-18\">7.18<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-19\">7.19<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CassidayTheHighs16_7-20\">7.20<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Cassiday, L. (October 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aocs.org\/stay-informed\/inform-magazine\/featured-articles\/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016\">\"The Highs and Lows of Cannabis Testing\"<\/a>. <i>INFORM<\/i>. American Oil Chemists' Society<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aocs.org\/stay-informed\/inform-magazine\/featured-articles\/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016\">https:\/\/www.aocs.org\/stay-informed\/inform-magazine\/featured-articles\/the-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Highs+and+Lows+of+Cannabis+Testing&rft.atitle=INFORM&rft.aulast=Cassiday%2C+L.&rft.au=Cassiday%2C+L.&rft.date=October+2016&rft.pub=American+Oil+Chemists%27+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aocs.org%2Fstay-informed%2Finform-magazine%2Ffeatured-articles%2Fthe-highs-and-lows-of-cannabis-testing-october-2016&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CSI-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CSI_8-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Unger, P.; Brauninger, R.; Hudalla, C. et al. (December 2014). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180901121108\/http:\/\/cannabissafetyinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Standards-for-Cannabis-Testing-Laboratories.pdf\">\"Standards for Cannabis Testing Laboratories\"<\/a>. Cannabis Safety Institute. Archived from <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/cannabissafetyinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Standards-for-Cannabis-Testing-Laboratories.pdf\">the original<\/a> on 01 September 2018<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180901121108\/http:\/\/cannabissafetyinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Standards-for-Cannabis-Testing-Laboratories.pdf\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180901121108\/http:\/\/cannabissafetyinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Standards-for-Cannabis-Testing-Laboratories.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Standards+for+Cannabis+Testing+Laboratories&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Unger%2C+P.%3B+Brauninger%2C+R.%3B+Hudalla%2C+C.+et+al.&rft.au=Unger%2C+P.%3B+Brauninger%2C+R.%3B+Hudalla%2C+C.+et+al.&rft.date=December+2014&rft.pub=Cannabis+Safety+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20180901121108%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fcannabissafetyinstitute.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2015%2F01%2FStandards-for-Cannabis-Testing-Laboratories.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SCLabs-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-SCLabs_9-0\">9.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-SCLabs_9-1\">9.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-SCLabs_9-2\">9.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Wurzer, J. (May 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.medicinalgenomics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/wurzer-CannMed2016.pdf\">\"Applications of Cannabis Testing\"<\/a>. SC Laboratories, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.medicinalgenomics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/wurzer-CannMed2016.pdf\">https:\/\/www.medicinalgenomics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/wurzer-CannMed2016.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.colorado.gov\/pacific\/sites\/default\/files\/Marijuana%20Testing%20Method%20Reference%20Library.pdf\">https:\/\/www.colorado.gov\/pacific\/sites\/default\/files\/Marijuana%20Testing%20Method%20Reference%20Library.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(December 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/sites\/ssi.shimadzu.com\/files\/Industry\/Literature\/Shimadzu_Whitepaper_Emerging_Cannabis_Industry.pdf\">\"A Closer Look at Cannabis Testing\"<\/a> (PDF). Shimadzu Corporation<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/sites\/ssi.shimadzu.com\/files\/Industry\/Literature\/Shimadzu_Whitepaper_Emerging_Cannabis_Industry.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ssi.shimadzu.com\/sites\/ssi.shimadzu.com\/files\/Industry\/Literature\/Shimadzu_Whitepaper_Emerging_Cannabis_Industry.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(2018). \"Chemometric Analysis of Cannabinoids: Chemotaxonomy and Domestication Syndrome\". <i>Scientific Reports<\/i> <b>8<\/b>: 13090. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038%2Fs41598-018-31120-2\">10.1038\/s41598-018-31120-2<\/a>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chemometric+Analysis+of+Cannabinoids%3A+Chemotaxonomy+and+Domestication+Syndrome&rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&rft.aulast=Mudge%2C+E.M.%3B+Murch%2C+S.J.%3B+Brown%2C+P.N.&rft.au=Mudge%2C+E.M.%3B+Murch%2C+S.J.%3B+Brown%2C+P.N.&rft.date=2018&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=13090&rft_id=info:doi\/10.1038%2Fs41598-018-31120-2&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CittiANovel19-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CittiANovel19_14-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Citti, C.; Linciano, P.; Russo, F. et al. 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World Health Organization. pp. 95. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" data-key=\"f64947ba21e884434bd70e8d9e60bae6\">ISBN<\/a> 978921510240<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/publications\/cannabis\/en\/\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/publications\/cannabis\/en\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+health+and+social+effects+of+nonmedical+cannabis+use&rft.aulast=World+Health+Organization&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2016&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B95&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.isbn=978921510240&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fsubstance_abuse%2Fpublications%2Fcannabis%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-RahnCannab14-16\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-RahnCannab14_16-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Rahn, B. 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Retrieved 03 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabinoids+101%3A+What+Makes+Cannabis+Medicine%3F&rft.atitle=Leafly+-+Cannabis+101&rft.aulast=Rahn%2C+B.&rft.au=Rahn%2C+B.&rft.date=22+January+2014&rft.pub=Leafly+Holdings%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leafly.com%2Fnews%2Fcannabis-101%2Fcannabinoids-101-what-makes-cannabis-medicine&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-KuzdzalUnrav15-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-KuzdzalUnrav15_17-0\">17.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-KuzdzalUnrav15_17-1\">17.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-KuzdzalUnrav15_17-2\">17.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-KuzdzalUnrav15_17-3\">17.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Kuzdzal, S.; Lipps, W. (2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/theanalyticalscientist.com\/issues\/0915\/unraveling-the-cannabinome\/\">\"Unraveling the Cannabinome\"<\/a>. <i>The Analytical Scientist<\/i> (0915)<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/theanalyticalscientist.com\/issues\/0915\/unraveling-the-cannabinome\/\">https:\/\/theanalyticalscientist.com\/issues\/0915\/unraveling-the-cannabinome\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 19 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Unraveling+the+Cannabinome&rft.jtitle=The+Analytical+Scientist&rft.aulast=Kuzdzal%2C+S.%3B+Lipps%2C+W.&rft.au=Kuzdzal%2C+S.%3B+Lipps%2C+W.&rft.date=2015&rft.issue=0915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheanalyticalscientist.com%2Fissues%2F0915%2Funraveling-the-cannabinome%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-RahnUnder14-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-RahnUnder14_18-0\">18.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-RahnUnder14_18-1\">18.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Rahn, B. (09 October 2014). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/cannabis-101\/understanding-cannabis-testing\">\"Understanding Cannabis Testing: A Guide to Cannabinoids and Terpenes\"<\/a>. <i>Leafly - Cannabis 101<\/i>. Leafly Holdings, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/cannabis-101\/understanding-cannabis-testing\">https:\/\/www.leafly.com\/news\/cannabis-101\/understanding-cannabis-testing<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 03 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Understanding+Cannabis+Testing%3A+A+Guide+to+Cannabinoids+and+Terpenes&rft.atitle=Leafly+-+Cannabis+101&rft.aulast=Rahn%2C+B.&rft.au=Rahn%2C+B.&rft.date=09+October+2014&rft.pub=Leafly+Holdings%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leafly.com%2Fnews%2Fcannabis-101%2Funderstanding-cannabis-testing&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-NIHDelta8-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-NIHDelta8_19-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-drug?cdrid=485262\">\"delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol\"<\/a>. <i>NCI Drug Dictionary<\/i>. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-drug?cdrid=485262\">https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-drug?cdrid=485262<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(24 August 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/publications\/Marijuana\/BOTEC%20reports\/1c-Testing-for-Psychoactive-Agents-Final.pdf\">\"Testing for Psychoactive Agents\"<\/a> (PDF). BOTEC Analysis Corp<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/publications\/Marijuana\/BOTEC%20reports\/1c-Testing-for-Psychoactive-Agents-Final.pdf\">http:\/\/lcb.wa.gov\/publications\/Marijuana\/BOTEC%20reports\/1c-Testing-for-Psychoactive-Agents-Final.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 08 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Testing+for+Psychoactive+Agents&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Habib%2C+R.%3B+Finighan%2C+R.%3B+Davenport%2C+S.&rft.au=Habib%2C+R.%3B+Finighan%2C+R.%3B+Davenport%2C+S.&rft.date=24+August+2013&rft.pub=BOTEC+Analysis+Corp&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcb.wa.gov%2Fpublications%2FMarijuana%2FBOTEC%2520reports%2F1c-Testing-for-Psychoactive-Agents-Final.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CMTLabs-21\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CMTLabs_21-0\">21.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CMTLabs_21-1\">21.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cmtlaboratory.com\/test-services\/tests-offered\/\">\"Tests Offered\"<\/a>. 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(2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC4740396\">\"<i>Cannabis sativa<\/i>: The plant of the thousand and one molecules\"<\/a>. <i>Frontiers in Plant Medicine<\/i> <b>7<\/b>: 19. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffpls.2016.00019\">10.3389\/fpls.2016.00019<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Central\" data-key=\"c85bdffd69dd30e02024b9cc3d7679e2\">PMC<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC4740396\">PMC4740396<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" data-key=\"1d34e999f13d8801964a6b3e9d7b4e30\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26870049\">26870049<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC4740396\">http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC4740396<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27%27Cannabis+sativa%27%27%3A+The+plant+of+the+thousand+and+one+molecules&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Plant+Medicine&rft.aulast=Andre%2C+C.M.%3B+Hausman%2C+J.-F.%3B+Guerriero%2C+G.&rft.au=Andre%2C+C.M.%3B+Hausman%2C+J.-F.%3B+Guerriero%2C+G.&rft.date=2016&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=19&rft_id=info:doi\/10.3389%2Ffpls.2016.00019&rft_id=info:pmc\/PMC4740396&rft_id=info:pmid\/26870049&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3DPMC4740396&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WachsbergerTerpene16-24\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-WachsbergerTerpene16_24-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Wachsberger, K. (02 February 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomcityclub.com\/terpine-testing-the-future-of-cannabis-is-here\/\">\"Terpene Testing: The future of Cannabis is here\"<\/a>. <i>Bloom Blog<\/i>. Bloom City Club<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.bloomcityclub.com\/terpine-testing-the-future-of-cannabis-is-here\/\">http:\/\/www.bloomcityclub.com\/terpine-testing-the-future-of-cannabis-is-here\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Massachusetts Department of Public Health<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mass.gov\/eohhs\/docs\/dph\/quality\/medical-marijuana\/lab-protocols\/external-comment-response-020416-final.pdf\">http:\/\/www.mass.gov\/eohhs\/docs\/dph\/quality\/medical-marijuana\/lab-protocols\/external-comment-response-020416-final.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(02 June 2014). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/populace.tantaluslabs.com\/you-are-probably-smoking-mouldy-weed-why-does-quality-assurance-matter\/\">\"You are Probably Smoking Mouldy Weed - Why Does Quality Assurance Matter?\"<\/a>. <i>Populace<\/i>. Tantalus Labs<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/populace.tantaluslabs.com\/you-are-probably-smoking-mouldy-weed-why-does-quality-assurance-matter\/\">https:\/\/populace.tantaluslabs.com\/you-are-probably-smoking-mouldy-weed-why-does-quality-assurance-matter\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Routledge. pp. 478. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" data-key=\"f64947ba21e884434bd70e8d9e60bae6\">ISBN<\/a> 9781136614934<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qH-2Lj9x7L4C&pg=PT457&lpg=PT457\">https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=qH-2Lj9x7L4C&pg=PT457&lpg=PT457<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Chapter+30%3A+Contaminants+and+Adulterants+in+Herbal+Cannabis&rft.atitle=Cannabis+and+Cannabinoids%3A+Pharmacology%2C+Toxicology%2C+and+Therapeutic+Potential&rft.aulast=McPartland%2C+J.M.&rft.au=McPartland%2C+J.M.&rft.date=2013&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B478&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.isbn=9781136614934&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqH-2Lj9x7L4C%26pg%3DPT457%26lpg%3DPT457&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-RigdonExtract16-38\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-RigdonExtract16_38-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Rigdon, A. (12 May 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.restek.com\/?p=25790\">\"Extraction Method for Cannabinoid Analysis in Edibles: Too Much of a Good Thing\"<\/a>. <i>ChromaBLOGraphy<\/i>. Restek Corporation<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.restek.com\/?p=25790\">http:\/\/blog.restek.com\/?p=25790<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 16 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Extraction+Method+for+Cannabinoid+Analysis+in+Edibles%3A+Too+Much+of+a+Good+Thing&rft.atitle=ChromaBLOGraphy&rft.aulast=Rigdon%2C+A.&rft.au=Rigdon%2C+A.&rft.date=12+May+2016&rft.pub=Restek+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.restek.com%2F%3Fp%3D25790&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CACGL50-2004-39\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CACGL50-2004_39-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Codex Alimentarius Commission. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/fao-who-codexalimentarius\/sh-proxy\/en\/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCAC%2BGL%2B50-2004%252FCXG_050e.pdf\">\"CAC\/GL 50-2004 General Guidelines on Sampling\"<\/a> (PDF). pp. 69<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/fao-who-codexalimentarius\/sh-proxy\/en\/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCAC%2BGL%2B50-2004%252FCXG_050e.pdf\">http:\/\/www.fao.org\/fao-who-codexalimentarius\/sh-proxy\/en\/?lnk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FStandards%252FCAC%2BGL%2B50-2004%252FCXG_050e.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 15 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=CAC%2FGL+50-2004+General+Guidelines+on+Sampling&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Codex+Alimentarius+Commission&rft.au=Codex+Alimentarius+Commission&rft.pages=pp.+69&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Ffao-who-codexalimentarius%2Fsh-proxy%2Fen%2F%3Flnk%3D1%26url%3Dhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Fworkspace.fao.org%25252Fsites%25252Fcodex%25252FStandards%25252FCAC%252BGL%252B50-2004%25252FCXG_050e.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-DPHMassProto16-40\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-DPHMassProto16_40-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Bureau of Health Care Safety and Quality (05 February 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mass.gov\/eohhs\/docs\/dph\/quality\/medical-marijuana\/lab-protocols\/finished-mmj\/final-revised-mdph-mmj-mips-protocol.pdf\">\"Protocol for Sampling and Analysis of Finished Medical Marijuana Products and Marijuana-Infused Products for Massachusetts Registered Medical Marijuana Dispensaries\"<\/a> (PDF). Massachusetts Department of Public Health. pp. 25<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mass.gov\/eohhs\/docs\/dph\/quality\/medical-marijuana\/lab-protocols\/finished-mmj\/final-revised-mdph-mmj-mips-protocol.pdf\">http:\/\/www.mass.gov\/eohhs\/docs\/dph\/quality\/medical-marijuana\/lab-protocols\/finished-mmj\/final-revised-mdph-mmj-mips-protocol.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 17 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Protocol+for+Sampling+and+Analysis+of+Finished+Medical+Marijuana+Products+and+Marijuana-Infused+Products+for+Massachusetts+Registered+Medical+Marijuana+Dispensaries&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Bureau+of+Health+Care+Safety+and+Quality&rft.au=Bureau+of+Health+Care+Safety+and+Quality&rft.date=05+February+2016&rft.pages=pp.+25&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Department+of+Public+Health&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mass.gov%2Feohhs%2Fdocs%2Fdph%2Fquality%2Fmedical-marijuana%2Flab-protocols%2Ffinished-mmj%2Ffinal-revised-mdph-mmj-mips-protocol.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CAWhy1-41\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CAWhy1_41-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/conflabs.com\/why-0-877\/\">\"Why 0.877?\"<\/a>. Confidence Analytics. 10 February 2016<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/conflabs.com\/why-0-877\/\">http:\/\/conflabs.com\/why-0-877\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 16 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Why+0.877%3F&rft.atitle=&rft.date=10+February+2016&rft.pub=Confidence+Analytics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconflabs.com%2Fwhy-0-877%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-RigdonAccurateJuly15-42\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-RigdonAccurateJuly15_42-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Rigdon, A. (29 July 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.restek.com\/?p=14961\">\"Accurate Quantification of Cannabinoid Acids by GC \u2013 Is it Possible?\"<\/a>. <i>ChromaBLOGraphy<\/i>. Restek Corporation<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.restek.com\/?p=14961\">http:\/\/blog.restek.com\/?p=14961<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 16 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Accurate+Quantification+of+Cannabinoid+Acids+by+GC+%E2%80%93+Is+it+Possible%3F&rft.atitle=ChromaBLOGraphy&rft.aulast=Rigdon%2C+A.&rft.au=Rigdon%2C+A.&rft.date=29+July+2015&rft.pub=Restek+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.restek.com%2F%3Fp%3D14961&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-RigdonAccurateSept15-43\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-RigdonAccurateSept15_43-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Rigdon, A. (09 September 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.restek.com\/?p=15135\">\"Accurate Quantification of Cannabinoid Acids and Neutrals by GC \u2013 Derivatives without Calculus\"<\/a>. <i>ChromaBLOGraphy<\/i>. Restek Corporation<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/blog.restek.com\/?p=15135\">http:\/\/blog.restek.com\/?p=15135<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 16 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Accurate+Quantification+of+Cannabinoid+Acids+and+Neutrals+by+GC+%E2%80%93+Derivatives+without+Calculus&rft.atitle=ChromaBLOGraphy&rft.aulast=Rigdon%2C+A.&rft.au=Rigdon%2C+A.&rft.date=09+September+2015&rft.pub=Restek+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.restek.com%2F%3Fp%3D15135&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-MML-300-44\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-MML-300_44-0\">44.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-MML-300_44-1\">44.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Organic Analytical Chemistry (03 November 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/576578963\/MML-300-01.pdf\">\"Measurement of Phytocannabinoids using HPLC-PAD, NYS DOH MML-300\"<\/a> (PDF). New York State Department of Health. pp. 34<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/576578963\/MML-300-01.pdf\">https:\/\/www.wadsworth.org\/sites\/default\/files\/WebDoc\/576578963\/MML-300-01.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 15 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Measurement+of+Phytocannabinoids+using+HPLC-PAD%2C+NYS+DOH+MML-300&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Division+of+Environmental+Health+Sciences%2C+Laboratory+of+Organic+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.au=Division+of+Environmental+Health+Sciences%2C+Laboratory+of+Organic+Analytical+Chemistry&rft.date=03+November+2015&rft.pages=pp.+34&rft.pub=New+York+State+Department+of+Health&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wadsworth.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FWebDoc%2F576578963%2FMML-300-01.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-ASTMSubD37.03-45\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-ASTMSubD37.03_45-0\">45.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-ASTMSubD37.03_45-1\">45.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/COMMIT\/SUBCOMMIT\/D3703.htm\">\"Subcommittee D37.03 on Laboratory\"<\/a>. ASTM International<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.astm.org\/COMMIT\/SUBCOMMIT\/D3703.htm\">https:\/\/www.astm.org\/COMMIT\/SUBCOMMIT\/D3703.htm<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 February 2020<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Subcommittee+D37.03+on+Laboratory&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=ASTM+International&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.astm.org%2FCOMMIT%2FSUBCOMMIT%2FD3703.htm&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-AOACNew19-46\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-AOACNew19_46-0\">46.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-AOACNew19_46-1\">46.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (12 November 2019). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/news\/aoac-cannabinoid-standard-in-usda-guidelines\/\">\"New guidelines require laboratories to meet AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirements for Quantitation of Cannabinoids in Hemp\"<\/a>. <i>AOAC News<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/news\/aoac-cannabinoid-standard-in-usda-guidelines\/\">https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/news\/aoac-cannabinoid-standard-in-usda-guidelines\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 February 2020<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=New+guidelines+require+laboratories+to+meet+AOAC+Standard+Method+Performance+Requirements+for+Quantitation+of+Cannabinoids+in+Hemp&rft.atitle=AOAC+News&rft.aulast=Association+of+Official+Agricultural+Chemists&rft.au=Association+of+Official+Agricultural+Chemists&rft.date=12+November+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoac.org%2Fnews%2Faoac-cannabinoid-standard-in-usda-guidelines%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-LeghissaDetection18-47\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-LeghissaDetection18_47-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Leghissa, A.; Smuts, J.; Qiu, C. et al. (2018). \"Detection of cannabinoids and cannabinoid metabolites using gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy\". <i>SSC Plus<\/i> <b>1<\/b> (1): 37\u201342. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002%2Fsscp.201700005\">10.1002\/sscp.201700005<\/a>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Detection+of+cannabinoids+and+cannabinoid+metabolites+using+gas+chromatography+with+vacuum+ultraviolet+spectroscopy&rft.jtitle=SSC+Plus&rft.aulast=Leghissa%2C+A.%3B+Smuts%2C+J.%3B+Qiu%2C+C.+et+al.&rft.au=Leghissa%2C+A.%3B+Smuts%2C+J.%3B+Qiu%2C+C.+et+al.&rft.date=2018&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37%E2%80%9342&rft_id=info:doi\/10.1002%2Fsscp.201700005&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SCCann16-48\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-SCCann16_48-0\">48.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-SCCann16_48-1\">48.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/content\/dam\/sigma-aldrich\/docs\/Sigma-Aldrich\/General_Information\/1\/cannabis-testing.pdf\">\"Cannabis Testing: Quality You Can Trust\"<\/a> (PDF). Sigma-Aldritch Co. LLC. 2016<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/content\/dam\/sigma-aldrich\/docs\/Sigma-Aldrich\/General_Information\/1\/cannabis-testing.pdf\">http:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/content\/dam\/sigma-aldrich\/docs\/Sigma-Aldrich\/General_Information\/1\/cannabis-testing.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(30 November 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisindustryjournal.com\/column\/near-infrared-gc-and-hplc-applications-in-cannabis-testing\/\">\"Near Infrared, GC and HPLC Applications in Cannabis Testing\"<\/a>. <i>Cannabis Industry Journal<\/i>. Innovative Publishing Co. LLC<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisindustryjournal.com\/column\/near-infrared-gc-and-hplc-applications-in-cannabis-testing\/\">https:\/\/www.cannabisindustryjournal.com\/column\/near-infrared-gc-and-hplc-applications-in-cannabis-testing\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Retrieved 15 November 2018<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Real-World+Chromatography+Applications%3A+Current+Trends+in+Cannabis%2C+Environmental%2C+Food%2C+Pharmaceutical%2C+and+Biopharmaceutical+Analysis&rft.atitle=LCGC+North+America+2016-2017+Annual+Industry+Trends+and+Directory+Issue&rft.aulast=LCGC&rft.au=LCGC&rft.date=August+2016&rft.pages=pp.+584%E2%80%937&rft.pub=UBM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimages2.advanstar.com%2FPixelMags%2Flcgc-na%2Fpdf%2F2016-08-bg.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-KowalskiEval17-63\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-KowalskiEval17_63-0\">63.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-KowalskiEval17_63-1\">63.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Kowalski, J.; Dahi, J.H.; Rigdon, A. et al. (2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chromatographyonline.com\/evaluation-modified-quechers-pesticide-analysis-cannabis\">\"Evaluation of Modified QuEChERS for Pesticide Analysis in Cannabis\"<\/a>. <i>LC GC<\/i> <b>35<\/b> (5): 8\u201322<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chromatographyonline.com\/evaluation-modified-quechers-pesticide-analysis-cannabis\">http:\/\/www.chromatographyonline.com\/evaluation-modified-quechers-pesticide-analysis-cannabis<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Modified+QuEChERS+for+Pesticide+Analysis+in+Cannabis&rft.jtitle=LC+GC&rft.aulast=Kowalski%2C+J.%3B+Dahi%2C+J.H.%3B+Rigdon%2C+A.+et+al.&rft.au=Kowalski%2C+J.%3B+Dahi%2C+J.H.%3B+Rigdon%2C+A.+et+al.&rft.date=2017&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=8%E2%80%9322&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chromatographyonline.com%2Fevaluation-modified-quechers-pesticide-analysis-cannabis&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WinklerPesticide18-64\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-WinklerPesticide18_64-0\">64.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-WinklerPesticide18_64-1\">64.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-WinklerPesticide18_64-2\">64.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Winkler, P.C.; Egerton, D.; Butt, C. et al. (06 June 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.labcompare.com\/10-Featured-Articles\/338461-Pesticide-Testing-for-the-Cannabis-Industry-The-Importance-of-LC-MS-MS-for-Obtaining-Accurate-Results-in-a-Complex-Matrix\/\">\"Pesticide Testing for the Cannabis Industry: The Importance of LC-MS\/MS for Obtaining Accurate Results in a Complex Matrix\"<\/a>. <i>Labcompare Featured Articles<\/i>. CompareNetworks, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.labcompare.com\/10-Featured-Articles\/338461-Pesticide-Testing-for-the-Cannabis-Industry-The-Importance-of-LC-MS-MS-for-Obtaining-Accurate-Results-in-a-Complex-Matrix\/\">https:\/\/www.labcompare.com\/10-Featured-Articles\/338461-Pesticide-Testing-for-the-Cannabis-Industry-The-Importance-of-LC-MS-MS-for-Obtaining-Accurate-Results-in-a-Complex-Matrix\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 15 November 2018<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Pesticide+Testing+for+the+Cannabis+Industry%3A+The+Importance+of+LC-MS%2FMS+for+Obtaining+Accurate+Results+in+a+Complex+Matrix&rft.atitle=Labcompare+Featured+Articles&rft.aulast=Winkler%2C+P.C.%3B+Egerton%2C+D.%3B+Butt%2C+C.+et+al.&rft.au=Winkler%2C+P.C.%3B+Egerton%2C+D.%3B+Butt%2C+C.+et+al.&rft.date=06+June+2018&rft.pub=CompareNetworks%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.labcompare.com%2F10-Featured-Articles%2F338461-Pesticide-Testing-for-the-Cannabis-Industry-The-Importance-of-LC-MS-MS-for-Obtaining-Accurate-Results-in-a-Complex-Matrix%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-JordanAComp18-65\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-JordanAComp18_65-0\">65.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-JordanAComp18_65-1\">65.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-JordanAComp18_65-2\">65.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Jordan, R.; Asanuma, L.; Miller, D.; Macherone, A. 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UBM<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cannabissciencetech.com\/dispersive-solid-phase-extraction-dspe\/comprehensive-approach-pesticide-residue-analysis-cannabis\">http:\/\/www.cannabissciencetech.com\/dispersive-solid-phase-extraction-dspe\/comprehensive-approach-pesticide-residue-analysis-cannabis<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Comprehensive+Approach+to+Pesticide+Residue+Analysis+in+Cannabis&rft.aulast=Jordan%2C+R.%3B+Asanuma%2C+L.%3B+Miller%2C+D.%3B+Macherone%2C+A.&rft.au=Jordan%2C+R.%3B+Asanuma%2C+L.%3B+Miller%2C+D.%3B+Macherone%2C+A.&rft.date=19+June+2018&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pub=UBM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cannabissciencetech.com%2Fdispersive-solid-phase-extraction-dspe%2Fcomprehensive-approach-pesticide-residue-analysis-cannabis&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SMPR2018.011-66\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SMPR2018.011_66-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (26 August 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/SMPR2018_011.pdf\">\"AOAC SMPR 2018.011 - Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs) for Identification and Quantitation of Selected Pesticide Residues in Dried Cannabis Materials\"<\/a> (PDF)<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/SMPR2018_011.pdf\">https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/SMPR2018_011.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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United States Environmental Protection Agency. 20 February 2016<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/archive.epa.gov\/pesticides\/methods\/rammethods\/web\/html\/ram12b.html\">https:\/\/archive.epa.gov\/pesticides\/methods\/rammethods\/web\/html\/ram12b.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 14 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Residue+Analytical+Methods+%28RAM%29&rft.atitle=&rft.date=20+February+2016&rft.pub=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.epa.gov%2Fpesticides%2Fmethods%2Frammethods%2Fweb%2Fhtml%2Fram12b.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FDA_PAM-68\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-FDA_PAM_68-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Food\/FoodScienceResearch\/LaboratoryMethods\/ucm2006955.htm\">\"Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM)\"<\/a>. 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Retrieved 14 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Pesticide+Analytical+Manual+%28PAM%29&rft.atitle=&rft.date=07+June+2015&rft.pub=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2FFood%2FFoodScienceResearch%2FLaboratoryMethods%2Fucm2006955.htm&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-PocevaOpti16-69\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-PocevaOpti16_69-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Poceva Panovska, A.; Acevska, J.; Stefkov, G. et al. 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Retrieved 21 June 2019<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Advancing+Chromatography+Methods+for+Cannabis+Analysis&rft.atitle=Cannabis+Science+and+Technology&rft.aulast=L%27Heureux%2C+M.L.&rft.au=L%27Heureux%2C+M.L.&rft.date=20+April+2018&rft.pub=UBM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cannabissciencetech.com%2Fcannabis-voices%2Fadvancing-chromatography-methods-cannabis-analysis&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SMPR2019.002-71\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SMPR2019.002_71-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (09 October 2019). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/SMPR-2019_002.pdf\">\"AOAC SMPR 2019.002 - Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPRs) for Identification and Quantitation of Selected Residual Solvents in Cannabis-Derived Materials\"<\/a> (PDF)<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/SMPR-2019_002.pdf\">https:\/\/www.aoac.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/SMPR-2019_002.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Retrieved 16 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Setting+Up+Your+Cannabis+Lab+for+Potency+Testing&rft.atitle=SlideShare&rft.aulast=McKenna%2C+M.&rft.au=McKenna%2C+M.&rft.date=18+June+2015&rft.pub=GenTech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2FGenTechScientific%2Fica2015-cannabis-presentation&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-OMMPReporting-86\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-OMMPReporting_86-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Public Health Division. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/public.health.oregon.gov\/DiseasesConditions\/ChronicDisease\/MedicalMarijuanaProgram\/Pages\/reporting.aspx\">\"Reporting Requirements for Tracking Medical Marijuana\"<\/a>. Oregon Health Authority<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/public.health.oregon.gov\/DiseasesConditions\/ChronicDisease\/MedicalMarijuanaProgram\/Pages\/reporting.aspx\">https:\/\/public.health.oregon.gov\/DiseasesConditions\/ChronicDisease\/MedicalMarijuanaProgram\/Pages\/reporting.aspx<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Washington State Legislature. 16 November 2016<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/apps.leg.wa.gov\/wac\/default.aspx?cite=314-55&full=true\">http:\/\/apps.leg.wa.gov\/wac\/default.aspx?cite=314-55&full=true<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 16 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Chapter+314-55+WAC%3A+Marijuana+Licenses%2C+Application+Process%2C+Requirements%2C+and+Reporting&rft.atitle=Washington+Administrative+Code&rft.date=16+November+2016&rft.pub=Washington+State+Legislature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.leg.wa.gov%2Fwac%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fcite%3D314-55%26full%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-MilmanTech10-88\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-MilmanTech10_88-0\">88.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-MilmanTech10_88-1\">88.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation book\">Milman, B.L. (2010). \"Chapter 2: Techniques and Methods of Identification\". <i>Chemical Identification and its Quality Assurance<\/i>. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 23\u201339. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007%2F978-3-642-15361-7_2\">10.1007\/978-3-642-15361-7_2<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" data-key=\"f64947ba21e884434bd70e8d9e60bae6\">ISBN<\/a> 9783642153617.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Chapter+2%3A+Techniques+and+Methods+of+Identification&rft.atitle=Chemical+Identification+and+its+Quality+Assurance&rft.aulast=Milman%2C+B.L.&rft.au=Milman%2C+B.L.&rft.date=2010&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B23%E2%80%9339&rft.pub=Springer+Berlin+Heidelberg&rft_id=info:doi\/10.1007%2F978-3-642-15361-7_2&rft.isbn=9783642153617&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-TaylorCanna15-89\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-TaylorCanna15_89-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Taylor, M. (23 June 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.laboratoryequipment.com\/article\/2015\/06\/cannabis-testing-opens-whole-new-market\">\"Cannabis Testing Opens Up a Whole New Market\"<\/a>. <i>Laboratory Equipment<\/i>. Advantage Business Media<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.laboratoryequipment.com\/article\/2015\/06\/cannabis-testing-opens-whole-new-market\">http:\/\/www.laboratoryequipment.com\/article\/2015\/06\/cannabis-testing-opens-whole-new-market<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 17 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Testing+Opens+Up+a+Whole+New+Market&rft.atitle=Laboratory+Equipment&rft.aulast=Taylor%2C+M.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+M.&rft.date=23+June+2015&rft.pub=Advantage+Business+Media&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.laboratoryequipment.com%2Farticle%2F2015%2F06%2Fcannabis-testing-opens-whole-new-market&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-VI11-90\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-VI11_90-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20150425070143\/http:\/\/virtualinformatics.com\/content\/Laboratory_informatics.htm\">\"Laboratory Informatics\"<\/a>. virtualinformatics.com. 09 April 2011. 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Retrieved 17 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Laboratory+Informatics&rft.atitle=&rft.date=09+April+2011&rft.pub=virtualinformatics.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20150425070143%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fvirtualinformatics.com%2Fcontent%2FLaboratory_informatics.htm&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SkobelevLab11-91\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SkobelevLab11_91-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Skobelev, D.O.; Zaytseva, T.M.; Kozlov, A.D. et al. 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(23 October 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisindustryjournal.com\/feature_article\/using-lims-in-cannabis-laboratories\/\">\"Using LIMS in Cannabis Laboratories\"<\/a>. <i>Cannabis Industry Journal<\/i>. Innovative Publishing Co. LLC<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisindustryjournal.com\/feature_article\/using-lims-in-cannabis-laboratories\/\">https:\/\/www.cannabisindustryjournal.com\/feature_article\/using-lims-in-cannabis-laboratories\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 21 June 2019<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Using+LIMS+in+Cannabis+Laboratories&rft.atitle=Cannabis+Industry+Journal&rft.aulast=Biros%2C+A.G.&rft.au=Biros%2C+A.G.&rft.date=23+October+2015&rft.pub=Innovative+Publishing+Co.+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cannabisindustryjournal.com%2Ffeature_article%2Fusing-lims-in-cannabis-laboratories%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-PromiumELIMSCanna-93\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-PromiumELIMSCanna_93-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.promium.com\/markets\/cannabis\/\">\"LIMS for Cannabis Testing\"<\/a>. 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(07 February 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabisindustryjournal.com\/feature_article\/managing-cannabis-testing-lab-workflows-using-lims\/\">\"Managing Cannabis Testing Lab Workflows Using LIMS\"<\/a>. <i>Cannabis Industry Journal<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cannabisindustryjournal.com\/feature_article\/managing-cannabis-testing-lab-workflows-using-lims\/\">https:\/\/cannabisindustryjournal.com\/feature_article\/managing-cannabis-testing-lab-workflows-using-lims\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Retrieved 15 November 2018<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Why+Is+the+White+House+Contradicting+Trump%E2%80%99s+Pot+Policy%3F&rft.atitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.aulast=Laslo%2C+M.&rft.au=Laslo%2C+M.&rft.date=30+August+2018&rft.pub=Rolling+Stone%2C+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fpolitics%2Fpolitics-news%2Fwhy-is-the-white-house-contradicting-trumps-pot-policy-717524%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-LasloCongress18-109\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-LasloCongress18_109-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Laslo, M. (05 October 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-news\/weed-pot-policy-white-house-congress-trump-733285\/\">\"Congress Is Getting Frustrated With the White House\u2019s Pot Policy\"<\/a>. <i>Rolling Stone<\/i>. Rolling Stone, LLC<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-news\/weed-pot-policy-white-house-congress-trump-733285\/\">https:\/\/www.rollingstone.com\/politics\/politics-news\/weed-pot-policy-white-house-congress-trump-733285\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Quinnipiac University. 23 February 2017<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/poll.qu.edu\/national\/release-detail?ReleaseID=2432\">https:\/\/poll.qu.edu\/national\/release-detail?ReleaseID=2432<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 02 March 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Republicans+Out+Of+Step+With+U.S.+Voters+On+Key+Issues%2C+Quinnipiac+University+National+Poll+Finds%3B+Most+Voters+Support+Legalized+Marijuana&rft.atitle=&rft.date=23+February+2017&rft.pub=Quinnipiac+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpoll.qu.edu%2Fnational%2Frelease-detail%3FReleaseID%3D2432&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Romza-KutzTheSilver16-112\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Romza-KutzTheSilver16_112-0\">112.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Romza-KutzTheSilver16_112-1\">112.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-Romza-KutzTheSilver16_112-2\">112.2<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Romza-Kutz, D.; Roth V., F. 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Retrieved 27 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Applications+To+Become+Registered+Under+the+Controlled+Substances+Act+To+Manufacture+Marijuana+To+Supply+Researchers+in+the+United+States&rft.jtitle=Federal+Register&rft.date=12+August+2016&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=156&rft.pages=53846%E2%80%938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalregister.gov%2Fdocuments%2F2016%2F08%2F12%2F2016-17955%2Fapplications-to-become-registered-under-the-controlled-substances-act-to-manufacture-marijuana-to&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-PiomelliCannabis18-115\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-PiomelliCannabis18_115-0\">115.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-PiomelliCannabis18_115-1\">115.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-PiomelliCannabis18_115-2\">115.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-PiomelliCannabis18_115-3\">115.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Piomelli, D.; Weiss, S.; Boyd, G. et al. (2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC5931647\">\"Cannabis and the Opioid Crisis\"<\/a>. <i>Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research<\/i> <b>3<\/b> (1): 108-16. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1089%2Fcan.2018.29011.rtl\">10.1089\/can.2018.29011.rtl<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Central\" data-key=\"c85bdffd69dd30e02024b9cc3d7679e2\">PMC<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC5931647\">PMC5931647<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" data-key=\"1d34e999f13d8801964a6b3e9d7b4e30\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29789812\">29789812<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC5931647\">http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC5931647<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cannabis+and+the+Opioid+Crisis&rft.jtitle=Cannabis+and+Cannabinoid+Research&rft.aulast=Piomelli%2C+D.%3B+Weiss%2C+S.%3B+Boyd%2C+G.+et+al.&rft.au=Piomelli%2C+D.%3B+Weiss%2C+S.%3B+Boyd%2C+G.+et+al.&rft.date=2018&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=108-16&rft_id=info:doi\/10.1089%2Fcan.2018.29011.rtl&rft_id=info:pmc\/PMC5931647&rft_id=info:pmid\/29789812&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3DPMC5931647&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-MPPTrumpMMJ-116\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-MPPTrumpMMJ_116-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mpp.org\/federal\/trump-marijuana-policy\/\">\"Trump on Marijuana Policy\"<\/a>. 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Retrieved 03 March 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Trump+on+Marijuana+Policy&rft.atitle=&rft.date=12+February+2017&rft.pub=Marijuana+Policy+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mpp.org%2Ffederal%2Ftrump-marijuana-policy%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WeissTestimony16-117\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_117-0\">117.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_117-1\">117.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Weiss, S.R.B. 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Archived from <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/agencies\/asl\/testimony\/2016-09\/the-state-of-the-science-on-the-therapeutic-potential-of-marijuana-and-cannabinoids\/index.html\">the original<\/a> on 04 May 2017<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170504180135\/https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/agencies\/asl\/testimony\/2016-09\/the-state-of-the-science-on-the-therapeutic-potential-of-marijuana-and-cannabinoids\/index.html\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170504180135\/https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/agencies\/asl\/testimony\/2016-09\/the-state-of-the-science-on-the-therapeutic-potential-of-marijuana-and-cannabinoids\/index.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC5404989\">\"Building smart cannabis policy from the science up\"<\/a>. <i>International Journal of Drug Policy<\/i> <b>42<\/b>: 39\u201349. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.drugpo.2017.01.007\">10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.01.007<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Central\" data-key=\"c85bdffd69dd30e02024b9cc3d7679e2\">PMC<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC5404989\">PMC5404989<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" data-key=\"1d34e999f13d8801964a6b3e9d7b4e30\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28189459\">28189459<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC5404989\">http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC5404989<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Building+smart+cannabis+policy+from+the+science+up&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Drug+Policy&rft.aulast=Weiss%2C+S.R.B.%3B+Howlett%2C+K.D.%3B+Baler%2C+R.D.&rft.au=Weiss%2C+S.R.B.%3B+Howlett%2C+K.D.%3B+Baler%2C+R.D.&rft.date=2017&rft.volume=42&rft.pages=39%E2%80%9349&rft_id=info:doi\/10.1016%2Fj.drugpo.2017.01.007&rft_id=info:pmc\/PMC5404989&rft_id=info:pmid\/28189459&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3DPMC5404989&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-NASEMTheHealth17-119\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-NASEMTheHealth17_119-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (12 January 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/nationalacademies.org\/hmd\/reports\/2017\/health-effects-of-cannabis-and-cannabinoids.aspx\">\"The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: The current state of evidence and recommendations for research\"<\/a>. 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Retrieved 03 March 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Has+Lab+Testing+Turned+A+Corner%3F&rft.atitle=Cannabis+Business+Times&rft.aulast=Nelson%2C+S.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+S.&rft.date=03+August+2016&rft.pub=GIE+Media%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cannabisbusinesstimes.com%2Farticle%2Fhas-lab-testing-turned-a-corner%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-InfocastNew16-142\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-InfocastNew16_142-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/infocastinc.com\/industries\/new-certification-program-brings-quality-assurance-to-the-medical-marijuana-industry\/\">\"New Certification Program Brings Quality Assurance to the Medical Marijuana Industry\"<\/a>. Information Forecast, Inc. 2016<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/infocastinc.com\/industries\/new-certification-program-brings-quality-assurance-to-the-medical-marijuana-industry\/\">http:\/\/infocastinc.com\/industries\/new-certification-program-brings-quality-assurance-to-the-medical-marijuana-industry\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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American Herbal Products Association<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ahpa.org\/Portals\/0\/pdfs\/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf\">http:\/\/www.ahpa.org\/Portals\/0\/pdfs\/AHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Recommendations+for+Regulators+%E2%80%93+Cannabis+Operations&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Cannabis+Committee%2C+AHPA&rft.au=Cannabis+Committee%2C+AHPA&rft.date=02+February+2016&rft.pub=American+Herbal+Products+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahpa.org%2FPortals%2F0%2Fpdfs%2FAHPA_Recommendations_for_Regulators_Cannabis_Operations.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-AHPCanna14-144\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-AHPCanna14_144-0\">144.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-AHPCanna14_144-1\">144.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation book\">Upton, R.; Craker, L.; ElSohly, M. et al., ed. (2014). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.herbal-ahp.org\/order_online.htm\">Cannabis Inflorescence<i>: <\/i>Cannabis<i> spp.<\/i><\/a>. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" data-key=\"f64947ba21e884434bd70e8d9e60bae6\">ISBN<\/a> 1929425333<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.herbal-ahp.org\/order_online.htm\">http:\/\/www.herbal-ahp.org\/order_online.htm<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27%27Cannabis+Inflorescence%27%27%3A+%27%27Cannabis%27%27+spp.&rft.date=2014&rft.pub=American+Herbal+Pharmacopoeia&rft.isbn=1929425333&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.herbal-ahp.org%2Forder_online.htm&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-MarcuJahan16-145\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-MarcuJahan16_145-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Project CBD; Marcu, J. (16 March 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.projectcbd.org\/article\/jahan-marcu-cannabis-lab-testing-safety-protocols\">\"Jahan Marcu: Cannabis Lab Testing & Safety Protocols\"<\/a>. <i>Project CBD<\/i>. Project CBD<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.projectcbd.org\/article\/jahan-marcu-cannabis-lab-testing-safety-protocols\">https:\/\/www.projectcbd.org\/article\/jahan-marcu-cannabis-lab-testing-safety-protocols<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 03 February 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Jahan+Marcu%3A+Cannabis+Lab+Testing+%26+Safety+Protocols&rft.atitle=Project+CBD&rft.aulast=Project+CBD%3B+Marcu%2C+J.&rft.au=Project+CBD%3B+Marcu%2C+J.&rft.date=16+March+2016&rft.pub=Project+CBD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.projectcbd.org%2Farticle%2Fjahan-marcu-cannabis-lab-testing-safety-protocols&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-EricksonCleaning17-146\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-EricksonCleaning17_146-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Erickson, B.E. (13 November 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/cen.acs.org\/articles\/95\/i45\/Cleaning-cannabis.html\">\"Cleaning up cannabis\"<\/a>. <i>Chemical & Engineering News<\/i>. American Chemical Society<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/cen.acs.org\/articles\/95\/i45\/Cleaning-cannabis.html\">https:\/\/cen.acs.org\/articles\/95\/i45\/Cleaning-cannabis.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 15 November 2018<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cleaning+up+cannabis&rft.atitle=Chemical+%26+Engineering+News&rft.aulast=Erickson%2C+B.E.&rft.au=Erickson%2C+B.E.&rft.date=13+November+2017&rft.pub=American+Chemical+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcen.acs.org%2Farticles%2F95%2Fi45%2FCleaning-cannabis.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-EmeraldTest-147\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-EmeraldTest_147-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/pt.emeraldscientific.com\/\">\"The Emerald Test\"<\/a>. Emerald Scientific, LLC<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/pt.emeraldscientific.com\/\">https:\/\/pt.emeraldscientific.com\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 February 2020<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Emerald+Test&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Emerald+Scientific%2C+LLC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.emeraldscientific.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-LampachQA13-148\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-LampachQA13_148-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Lampach, D. (20 November 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/qa-with-steep-hill-lab-ceo-david-lampach-cannabis-testing-market-could-hit-40m-in-2-years\/\">\"Q&A With CEO of Steep Hill Halent: US Cannabis Testing Market Could Hit $40M by 2016\"<\/a>. <i>Marijuana Business Daily<\/i>. Anne Holland Ventures, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/qa-with-steep-hill-lab-ceo-david-lampach-cannabis-testing-market-could-hit-40m-in-2-years\/\">https:\/\/mjbizdaily.com\/qa-with-steep-hill-lab-ceo-david-lampach-cannabis-testing-market-could-hit-40m-in-2-years\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Q%26A+With+CEO+of+Steep+Hill+Halent%3A+US+Cannabis+Testing+Market+Could+Hit+%2440M+by+2016&rft.atitle=Marijuana+Business+Daily&rft.aulast=Lampach%2C+D.&rft.au=Lampach%2C+D.&rft.date=20+November+2013&rft.pub=Anne+Holland+Ventures%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmjbizdaily.com%2Fqa-with-steep-hill-lab-ceo-david-lampach-cannabis-testing-market-could-hit-40m-in-2-years%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-TMIDigiPath15-149\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-TMIDigiPath15_149-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">CannabisFN (16 July 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/marijuanaindex.com\/digipath-digp-well-positioned-to-take-advantage-of-850m-cannabis-testing-market\/\">\"DigiPath (DIGP) Well Positioned To Take Advantage of $850M Cannabis Testing Market\"<\/a>. <i>The Marijuana Index<\/i>. MJIC, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/marijuanaindex.com\/digipath-digp-well-positioned-to-take-advantage-of-850m-cannabis-testing-market\/\">http:\/\/marijuanaindex.com\/digipath-digp-well-positioned-to-take-advantage-of-850m-cannabis-testing-market\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 March 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=DigiPath+%28DIGP%29+Well+Positioned+To+Take+Advantage+of+%24850M+Cannabis+Testing+Market&rft.atitle=The+Marijuana+Index&rft.aulast=CannabisFN&rft.au=CannabisFN&rft.date=16+July+2015&rft.pub=MJIC%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarijuanaindex.com%2Fdigipath-digp-well-positioned-to-take-advantage-of-850m-cannabis-testing-market%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SchroyerIndustry16-150\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SchroyerIndustry16_150-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Schroyer, J. (January 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\/\">\"Industry Snapshot: Testing Labs\"<\/a>. <i>Marijuana Business Magazine<\/i>. Anne Holland Ventures, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\/\">https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 March 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Industry+Snapshot%3A+Testing+Labs&rft.atitle=Marijuana+Business+Magazine&rft.aulast=Schroyer%2C+J.&rft.au=Schroyer%2C+J.&rft.date=January+2016&rft.pub=Anne+Holland+Ventures%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmjbizmagazine.com%2Findustry-snapshot-testing-labs%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-KHSFiveKey18-151\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-KHSFiveKey18_151-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khslaw.com\/insights\/cannabis-testing-lab-laws-in-california\/\">\"5 Key Things to Know About the Cannabis Testing Laboratory Business in California\"<\/a>. <i>Insights<\/i>. Kramer Holcomb Sheik LLP. July 2018<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.khslaw.com\/insights\/cannabis-testing-lab-laws-in-california\/\">https:\/\/www.khslaw.com\/insights\/cannabis-testing-lab-laws-in-california\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 16 November 2018<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=5+Key+Things+to+Know+About+the+Cannabis+Testing+Laboratory+Business+in+California&rft.atitle=Insights&rft.date=July+2018&rft.pub=Kramer+Holcomb+Sheik+LLP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khslaw.com%2Finsights%2Fcannabis-testing-lab-laws-in-california%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Laboratory\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 2.354 seconds\nReal time usage: 2.397 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 96444\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 51326\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 754870\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 319044\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 18\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Laboratory\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Laboratory<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","293afaa1e1840205a1abca612e540e82_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Cannabis-testing_1024x640.jpg\/800px-Cannabis-testing_1024x640.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/e\/e2\/Cannabis_sample_prep.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/0\/02\/LC_MS_pic.jpg\/800px-LC_MS_pic.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/4\/40\/Cannabinoid_Detection.png\/800px-Cannabinoid_Detection.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/7b\/Medical_cannabis_demo_2.JPG\/500px-Medical_cannabis_demo_2.JPG","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c6\/Cannabis_laboratory_research_II.jpg\/800px-Cannabis_laboratory_research_II.jpg"],"293afaa1e1840205a1abca612e540e82_timestamp":1610467621,"b3a9ffbf5f383a6ba779cd03fbd0429a_type":"article","b3a9ffbf5f383a6ba779cd03fbd0429a_title":"Informatics for the Cannabis Industry","b3a9ffbf5f383a6ba779cd03fbd0429a_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Informatics_for_the_Cannabis_Industry","b3a9ffbf5f383a6ba779cd03fbd0429a_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tInformatics for the Cannabis Industry \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tContents\n\n1 General Informatics \n2 Informatics for the Cannabis Industry \n\n2.1 Cannabis Laboratory Applications \n\n\n3 Next-generation Informatics (NGI) \n4 References \n\n\n\nGeneral Informatics \n Managing a business means managing informationIn any business\u2014and labs are businesses, make no mistake\u2014managing information, metrics and other data is an integral and important component of success. In laboratories it is even more so, since their very raison d'\u00eatre is to produce reports\/COAs, which are basically presentations of data. \nThe term \"informatics\" refers to the science and systems involved in managing data or information, today synonymous with computer science for all practical purposes, but always a function of the structure, algorithms, behavior, and interactions of natural and artificial systems that store, process, access, and communicate information.[1]\nThe types of information that need to be managed in any kind of business, organization or other similar entity are various, and the applications and\/or systems to handle them can include:\n\n BI - Business intelligence: Dashboard\/graphic visualization displays of business metrics\n CMS - Content management system: Tools for website building, database management, and other types of knowledgebases (such as wikis)\n Communication - Includes email, messaging, and online meeting applications, both internal and external, such as Skype, GoTo Meeting, Slack, and Mattermost, as well as the likes of Outlook, Gmail, etc.\n CRM - Customer\/Contact relationship management: Maintenance of contacts for business\n eCommerce - Electronic applications that process vending and payments\n EAI - Enterprise application integration: Links applications to each other\n ERP - Enterprise resource management: Originally an app to manage the allocation of tools\/equipment, personnel and other resources; now just tends to refer to a general business operations application or platform\/app, and can include many related modules or \"sub-apps\"\n Help Desk - Track and manage issues and their resolution\n HR - Human resources: Track personnel, training and certifications, etc.\n Invoicing - Billing and other applications\n LMS - Learning management system: Create internal or external training courses with tests and certifications\n Office suite - General productivity apps common to most businesses from individual entrepreneurs to corporations, e.g., Microsoft Office, Google Docs, and Apache Open Office\n PMS\/PMIS - Project management (information) system: Track and manage projects\n POS - Point of sale: Customer-facing purchasing portal\nAnother huge aspect of modern informatics is the coming-of-age of cloud computing, and with it such burgeoning technological areas as internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI).\n\nInformatics for the Cannabis Industry \nMost of the informatics solutions above can be found in almost any industry, and the cannabis industry is no exception. However, the uniqueness of each industry also demands particular configurations and usages. Each player in the cannabis industry contributes specific things to the overall ecosystem, and their data management solution structure needs to support that effectively and at the most affordable cost.\nFor example, some online exchanges have sprung up, providing a place for producers to offer their products and for consumers to compare and purchase. Obviously a CMS with secure portal, an eCommerce app, data tracking, and POS are required, along with standard onsite office apps. Equally, producers and extraction labs in particular may need to create interfaces with testing labs, and in certain states those may also need to link up with mandated tracking systems. As such, the informatics structure needs to support those relationships, in addition to facilitating standard business processes (office apps, etc.).\nCannabis testing labs have even more targeted data management needs, usually centered around a laboratory information management system (LIMS). Their increasingly central position within the industry and relationships with multiple other players mean that considerations like online portals and ability to interface with other systems are already included along with the central focuses on accuracy and speedy turnaround.\n\nCannabis Laboratory Applications \nSo what kinds of software apps does a cannabis testing lab use? Well, keeping in mind cannabis-related testing labs range across research, clinical, pain management, QA\/QC, and certification fields, apart from any or all of the many business apps listed above there are some science-\/lab-specific data management tools that help you manage your results and related data. These include:\n\n LIMS - Laboratory information management system: The central application for pretty much all laboratories, the LIMS serves to receive and track samples and their results, as well as generate reports, certificates of authenticity (COAs), and labels. Many other related features and functions combine to make a professional LIMS a virtual ERP for the lab. For more on this type of app, see Features and Functions in a Cannabis Testing LIMS.\n LIS - Laboratory information system: An LIS is a variation of the LIMS that is similar but more patient- or specimen-centric rather than sample-centric.\n ELN - Electronic laboratory notebook: Used more often in research labs than other types, the ELN primarily provides ample capability to log observations and other notes related to the various process steps involved with any protocol, as well as the ability to build workflows and notate completion of each.\n EHR - In a clinical setting, the electronic health record\u2014often used interchangeably with the term \"electronic medical record\" or EMR\u2014manages patient data. While not typically installed in a lab, it is included here because the lab shares data with it via an interface with the LIMS or LIS.\n LES - Laboratory execution system: This is basically a workflow enforcement app designed to ensure protocol steps are followed correctly. It also can have secondary features like document management and some interfacing capabilities. The LES is useful if the LIMS doesn't support this kind of functionality.\n SDMS - Scientific data management system: This kind of app acts as a nexus point for data from various other lab apps. The SDMS is useful if the LIMS doesn't support this kind of functionality.\n Instrument software - Many instruments come with their own apps that can work as middleware to connect with LIMS\/LIS or other apps to send sample information to the instrument and retrieve and share results data from it. One popular example in cannabis testing labs is the chromatography data system (CDS).\nNext-generation Informatics (NGI) \nThe legacy informatics model is monolithic and siloed. That is, it is based on the traditional industry model of individual companies operating as discrete entities, playing their cards close to their chests, secretive and miserly with information, all competing against each other and developing, releasing, and advertising products to the public, who reside solely at the end of the business flow. Consumers are targets to be aimed at rather than collaborators to be worked with. And the informatics systems reflect that. Software applications are just as private and singular, developed in proprietary languages or with inaccessible code, owned and operated onsite and, in many cases, custom-built. Informatics solutions (the complete systems) are a collection of disparate apps that are wrestled into working with each other, often against their natural design.\nNext-generation informatics (NGI) takes a new approach. It takes the latest movements that are driving change\u2014social platforms and interactions, open access\/open source application models, informatics technologies and cloud-hosting\u2014and combines them in a community-based ecosystem.[2]\nSocial-, open access-, information- and cloud-based driving forces of change, combined in a digital business ecosystem (DBE)[3] that includes both producers and consumers creates a new model: a community-based DBE. This \"CDBE\" drives forward the goals of an integrated community that benefit all concerned. LabLynx, Inc. is an example of a company that is moving forward into the new model. Its sciCloud.net® informatics platform CDBE will be not only a free and open framework for the entire scientific, medical, and laboratory community, but also for all of LabLynx's products and solution packages.[4]\nA CDBE model reflects the reality that in any industry, (1.) there are various interrelationships between members of the community\/industry, and (2.) members are not simplistic and one-dimensional. They may wear more than one \"hat.\" For example, a vendor employee may also be a consumer of their goods and services. \nAlso, since a CDBE is dynamic and community-based, it is also therefore intrinsically automatically responsive to the needs, preferences, and trends of the community itself. As standards grow and improve, resources and information are exchanged, which are in turn adopted into the infrastructure itself in the form of apps and services, and support for the goods and services\u2014and people\u2014who are active in that community. As the community grows and changes, so does its platform.\nPeople participate and contribute in a number of ways:\n\n The digital business community model\n Community Members - Everyone who wants to be a part of the community can be. It's free and comes with an assortment of benefits and privileges, with access to additional goods, services and resources.\n User Groups and Projects - For every app there is a user group. In fact, groups can be made by anyone for any special interest, and users may join and make use of specific resources, information and events. For instance, in the sciCloud.net® model, using the free ELN and Open Science Framework (OSF), members can create and manage research or other projects and studies.\n Application Users - The many free and premium apps in sciCloud.net® are there for the convenience of the community members, and they go far beyond simple, discrete, standalone apps of the past, providing a cohesive solution for managing all aspects of a lab or other organization.\n Open-access Content - Open access means the information, apps, resources and news are all provided. To paraphrase a great American president, the content is \"by the community, for the community\". Developers collaborate on source code and support efforts, while members share their knowledge, publish research and experiments, discuss topics, test apps and concepts, and in fact evolve the community as well as its platform.\n Career Opportunities - sciCloud.net® is all about the people, and that absolutely includes sharing job opportunities and providing the means to search for appropriate career placements. It's all tailored to your specific criteria.\n Business Interactions - Again, the community platform is people-based. It's people doing what people do: commerce and business. Some have products or expertise to sell, others need them. The sciCloud.net® community platform fully supports these interactions, without allowing them to descend into shameless advertising and spam. Receive only the kind of communications you want to receive, and target only those who have a bona fide interest in what you are selling.\n Information Sharing and Access - Open, accessible, collaborative: these are the descriptive terms that repeatedly appear in discussing the LabLynx, Inc. sciCloud.net® community and platform. It is all about the free sharing of information to the benefit and growth of both individual members and the community\/industry as a whole.\nAs early as 2014 (and undoubtedly before that), it was beginning to become clear to some that standard business models are being rapidly relegated to obsolescence, and that inclusion of customers, consultants, and even competitors and other members of the industry\/community is necessary in a holistic model, similar to what we have described (see infographic).[5] The NGI model is poised to become the community platform-based informatics model for the cannabis industry, and indeed may well be the successful model across most industries in the foreseeable future.\n\nReferences \n\n\u2191 Gammack, J.; Hobbs, V.; Pigott, D. (2011). \"Chapter 0: What Is Informatics?\". The Book of Informatics (1st Revised ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 1\u20133. ISBN 0170216004. http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=MOIW12eOvJsC .   \n\n\u2191 \"Driving Forces of Change\". LabLynx Press. https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Driving_Forces_of_Change . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Lenkenhoff, K.; Wilkens, U.; Zheng, M. et al. (2018). \"Key challenges of digital business ecosystem development and how to cope with them\". Procedia CIRP 73: 167\u201372. doi:10.1016\/j.procir.2018.04.082.   \n\n\u2191 \"Open Platform for Continuous Innovation\". LabLynx Press. https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Open_Platform_for_Continuous_Innovation . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Hinchcliffe, D. (12 May 2014). \"Defining the Next Generation Enterprise for 2014\". On Digital Strategy. https:\/\/dionhinchcliffe.com\/2014\/05\/12\/defining-the-next-generation-enterprise-for-2014 . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Informatics_for_the_Cannabis_Industry\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Informatics_for_the_Cannabis_Industry<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 8 January 2021, at 03:38.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 11,919 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","b3a9ffbf5f383a6ba779cd03fbd0429a_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Informatics_for_the_Cannabis_Industry skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Informatics for the Cannabis Industry<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\">\n\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"General_Informatics\">General Informatics<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:511px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Business_people_at_computer.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"31c2e37f0f1a73140d50fc85001b1647\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/1\/1f\/Business_people_at_computer.jpg\" class=\"thumbimage\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\">Managing a business means managing information<\/div><\/div><\/div>In any business\u2014and labs are businesses, make no mistake\u2014managing information, metrics and other data is an integral and important component of success. In laboratories it is even more so, since their very <i>raison d'\u00eatre<\/i> is to produce reports\/COAs, which are basically presentations of data. \n<p>The term \"informatics\" refers to the science and systems involved in managing data or information, today synonymous with computer science for all practical purposes, but always a function of the structure, algorithms, behavior, and interactions of natural and artificial systems that store, process, access, and communicate information.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Cengage1_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Cengage1-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>The types of information that need to be managed in any kind of business, organization or other similar entity are various, and the applications and\/or systems to handle them can include:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <b>BI<\/b> - Business intelligence: Dashboard\/graphic visualization displays of business metrics<\/li>\n<li> <b>CMS<\/b> - Content management system: Tools for website building, database management, and other types of knowledgebases (such as wikis)<\/li>\n<li> <b>Communication<\/b> - Includes email, messaging, and online meeting applications, both internal and external, such as Skype, GoTo Meeting, Slack, and Mattermost, as well as the likes of Outlook, Gmail, etc.<\/li>\n<li> <b>CRM<\/b> - Customer\/Contact relationship management: Maintenance of contacts for business<\/li>\n<li> <b>eCommerce<\/b> - Electronic applications that process vending and payments<\/li>\n<li> <b>EAI<\/b> - Enterprise application integration: Links applications to each other<\/li>\n<li> <b>ERP<\/b> - Enterprise resource management: Originally an app to manage the allocation of tools\/equipment, personnel and other resources; now just tends to refer to a general business operations application or platform\/app, and can include many related modules or \"sub-apps\"<\/li>\n<li> <b>Help Desk<\/b> - Track and manage issues and their resolution<\/li>\n<li> <b>HR<\/b> - Human resources: Track personnel, training and certifications, etc.<\/li>\n<li> <b>Invoicing<\/b> - Billing and other applications<\/li>\n<li> <b>LMS<\/b> - Learning management system: Create internal or external training courses with tests and certifications<\/li>\n<li> <b>Office suite<\/b> - General productivity apps common to most businesses from individual entrepreneurs to corporations, e.g., Microsoft Office, Google Docs, and Apache Open Office<\/li>\n<li> <b>PMS\/PMIS<\/b> - Project management (information) system: Track and manage projects<\/li>\n<li> <b>POS<\/b> - Point of sale: Customer-facing purchasing portal<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>Another huge aspect of modern informatics is the coming-of-age of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cloud_Computing\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"wikipedia:Cloud Computing\" data-key=\"48cbddb925ce27ab74180dd184ccc98e\">cloud computing<\/a>, and with it such burgeoning technological areas as <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Internet_of_things\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"wikipedia:Internet of things\" data-key=\"08e522f905854fe34747cc25ffb62f63\">internet of things<\/a> (IoT) and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artificial_intelligence\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"wikipedia:Artificial intelligence\" data-key=\"f69d9e0954165931d1f7176b378dc39f\">artificial intelligence<\/a> (AI).\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Informatics_for_the_Cannabis_Industry\">Informatics for the Cannabis Industry<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Most of the informatics solutions above can be found in almost any industry, and the cannabis industry is no exception. However, the uniqueness of each industry also demands particular configurations and usages. Each player in the cannabis industry contributes specific things to the overall ecosystem, and their data management solution structure needs to support that effectively and at the most affordable cost.\n<\/p><p>For example, some online exchanges have sprung up, providing a place for producers to offer their products and for consumers to compare and purchase. Obviously a CMS with secure portal, an eCommerce app, data tracking, and POS are required, along with standard onsite office apps. Equally, producers and extraction labs in particular may need to create interfaces with testing labs, and in certain states those may also need to link up with mandated tracking systems. As such, the informatics structure needs to support those relationships, in addition to facilitating standard business processes (office apps, etc.).\n<\/p><p>Cannabis testing labs have even more targeted data management needs, usually centered around a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis\" title=\"LabLynx LIMS - Cannabis\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07\">laboratory information management system (LIMS)<\/a>. Their increasingly central position within the industry and relationships with multiple other players mean that considerations like online portals and ability to interface with other systems are already included along with the central focuses on accuracy and speedy turnaround.\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Cannabis_Laboratory_Applications\">Cannabis Laboratory Applications<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>So what kinds of software apps does a cannabis testing lab use? Well, keeping in mind cannabis-related testing labs range across research, clinical, pain management, QA\/QC, and certification fields, apart from any or all of the many business apps listed above there are some science-\/lab-specific data management tools that help you manage your results and related data. These include:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> <b>LIMS<\/b> - Laboratory information management system: The central application for pretty much all laboratories, the LIMS serves to receive and track samples and their results, as well as generate reports, certificates of authenticity (COAs), and labels. Many other related features and functions combine to make a professional LIMS a virtual ERP for the lab. For more on this type of app, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS\" title=\"Features and Functions in a Cannabis Testing LIMS\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"a2a508eb60441301080420183776f6ab\">Features and Functions in a Cannabis Testing LIMS<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>LIS<\/b> - Laboratory information system: An LIS is a variation of the LIMS that is similar but more patient- or specimen-centric rather than sample-centric.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>ELN<\/b> - Electronic laboratory notebook: Used more often in research labs than other types, the ELN primarily provides ample capability to log observations and other notes related to the various process steps involved with any protocol, as well as the ability to build workflows and notate completion of each.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>EHR<\/b> - In a clinical setting, the electronic health record\u2014often used interchangeably with the term \"electronic medical record\" or EMR\u2014manages patient data. While not typically installed in a lab, it is included here because the lab shares data with it via an interface with the LIMS or LIS.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>LES<\/b> - Laboratory execution system: This is basically a workflow enforcement app designed to ensure protocol steps are followed correctly. It also can have secondary features like document management and some interfacing capabilities. The LES is useful if the LIMS doesn't support this kind of functionality.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>SDMS<\/b> - Scientific data management system: This kind of app acts as a nexus point for data from various other lab apps. The SDMS is useful if the LIMS doesn't support this kind of functionality.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> <b>Instrument software<\/b> - Many instruments come with their own apps that can work as middleware to connect with LIMS\/LIS or other apps to send sample information to the instrument and retrieve and share results data from it. One popular example in cannabis testing labs is the chromatography data system (CDS).<\/li><\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Next-generation_Informatics_.28NGI.29\">Next-generation Informatics (NGI)<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Monolithic_Informatics.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"82751ecbad83261061e0ea7563602f26\"><img alt=\"Monolithic Informatics.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/b\/b2\/Monolithic_Informatics.png\" width=\"235\" height=\"348\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:NGi.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"33723ae75a413ad6adb50011f776d0ee\"><img alt=\"NGi.png\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c8\/NGi.png\/320px-NGi.png\" width=\"320\" height=\"331\" \/><\/a><\/div>The legacy informatics model is monolithic and siloed. That is, it is based on the traditional industry model of individual companies operating as discrete entities, playing their cards close to their chests, secretive and miserly with information, all competing against each other and developing, releasing, and advertising products to the public, who reside solely at the end of the business flow. Consumers are targets to be aimed <i>at<\/i> rather than collaborators to be worked <i>with<\/i>. And the informatics systems reflect that. Software applications are just as private and singular, developed in proprietary languages or with inaccessible code, owned and operated onsite and, in many cases, custom-built. Informatics solutions (the complete systems) are a collection of disparate apps that are wrestled into working with each other, often against their natural design.\n<p>Next-generation informatics (NGI) takes a new approach. It takes the latest movements that are driving change\u2014social platforms and interactions, open access\/open source application models, informatics technologies and cloud-hosting\u2014and combines them in a community-based ecosystem.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Driving_Forces_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Driving_Forces-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Social\" title=\"Social\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f121541c0dded7dee0e9101dbda7cc40\">Social-<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Open\" title=\"Open\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"438b8cb3e18494740894fd7d1f6db0f6\">open access-<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Information\" title=\"Information\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"0d182e4d716b14ba49134805ed3aa266\">information-<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cloud\" title=\"Cloud\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"92fa547e5b5dddfc192839ab8b8018ab\">cloud-based<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_LabLynx_Roadmap#Driving_Forces_of_Change\" title=\"The LabLynx Roadmap\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"48d103bd35d73f63fe7e07e80acc0164\">driving forces of change<\/a>, combined in a digital business ecosystem (DBE)<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LenkenhoffKey18_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LenkenhoffKey18-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> that includes both producers and consumers creates a new model: a community-based DBE. This \"CDBE\" drives forward the goals of an integrated community that benefit all concerned. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> is an example of a company that is moving forward into the new model. Its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=SciCloud.net\" title=\"SciCloud.net\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f55114772a7e46ae8406c428c5b25584\">sciCloud.net®<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Informatics_Platform\" title=\"Informatics Platform\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"5428467a1199cadd55df25d627c980ff\">informatics platform<\/a> CDBE will be not only a free and open framework for the entire scientific, medical, and laboratory community, but also for all of LabLynx's products and solution packages.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LabLynx_Informatics_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LabLynx_Informatics-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>A CDBE model reflects the reality that in any industry, (1.) there are various interrelationships between members of the community\/industry, and (2.) members are not simplistic and one-dimensional. They may wear more than one \"hat.\" For example, a vendor employee may also be a consumer of their goods and services. \n<\/p><p>Also, since a CDBE is dynamic and community-based, it is also therefore <i>intrinsically automatically responsive<\/i> to the needs, preferences, and trends of the community itself. As standards grow and improve, resources and information are exchanged, which are in turn adopted into the infrastructure itself in the form of apps and services, and support for the goods and services\u2014and people\u2014who are active in that community. As the community grows and changes, so does its platform.\n<\/p><p>People participate and contribute in a number of ways:\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"thumb tright\"><div class=\"thumbinner\" style=\"width:302px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:DBE_Community_Model.png\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"7bfb9ef5ba6453ef45fd1e6f2fe33bae\"><img alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c4\/DBE_Community_Model.png\/300px-DBE_Community_Model.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"227\" class=\"thumbimage\" \/><\/a> <div class=\"thumbcaption\"><div class=\"magnify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:DBE_Community_Model.png\" class=\"internal wiki-link\" title=\"Enlarge\" data-key=\"7bfb9ef5ba6453ef45fd1e6f2fe33bae\"><\/a><\/div>The digital business community model<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<ul><li> <b>Community Members<\/b> - Everyone who wants to be a part of the community can be. It's free and comes with an assortment of benefits and privileges, with access to additional goods, services and resources.<\/li>\n<li> <b>User Groups and Projects<\/b> - For every app there is a user group. In fact, groups can be made by anyone for any special interest, and users may join and make use of specific resources, information and events. For instance, in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=SciCloud.net\" title=\"SciCloud.net\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f55114772a7e46ae8406c428c5b25584\">sciCloud.net®<\/a> model, using the free <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Electronic_Laboratory_Notebook_(ELN)\" title=\"Electronic Laboratory Notebook (ELN)\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"605eac53e187901a1bba9c90ff7e01e8\">ELN<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=SciCloud.net#Collaboration\" title=\"SciCloud.net\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"5f9d997b2f72feb36010617f4febce93\">Open Science Framework (OSF)<\/a>, members can create and manage research or other projects and studies.<\/li>\n<li> <b>Application Users<\/b> - The many free and premium apps in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=SciCloud.net\" title=\"SciCloud.net\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f55114772a7e46ae8406c428c5b25584\">sciCloud.net®<\/a> are there for the convenience of the community members, and they go far beyond simple, discrete, standalone apps of the past, providing a cohesive solution for managing all aspects of a lab or other organization.<\/li>\n<li> <b>Open-access Content<\/b> - Open access means the information, apps, resources and news are all provided. To paraphrase a great American president, the content is \"by the community, for the community\". Developers collaborate on source code and support efforts, while members share their knowledge, publish research and experiments, discuss topics, test apps and concepts, and in fact evolve the community as well as its platform.<\/li>\n<li> <b>Career Opportunities<\/b> - <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=SciCloud.net\" title=\"SciCloud.net\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f55114772a7e46ae8406c428c5b25584\">sciCloud.net®<\/a> is all about the people, and that absolutely includes sharing job opportunities and providing the means to search for appropriate career placements. It's all tailored to your specific criteria.<\/li>\n<li> <b>Business Interactions<\/b> - Again, the community platform is people-based. It's people doing what people do: commerce and business. Some have products or expertise to sell, others need them. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=SciCloud.net\" title=\"SciCloud.net\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f55114772a7e46ae8406c428c5b25584\">sciCloud.net®<\/a> community platform fully supports these interactions, without allowing them to descend into shameless advertising and spam. Receive only the kind of communications you want to receive, and target only those who have a bona fide interest in what you are selling.<\/li>\n<li> <b>Information Sharing and Access<\/b> - Open, accessible, collaborative: these are the descriptive terms that repeatedly appear in discussing the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=SciCloud.net\" title=\"SciCloud.net\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"f55114772a7e46ae8406c428c5b25584\">sciCloud.net®<\/a> community and platform. It is all about the free sharing of information to the benefit and growth of both individual members and the community\/industry as a whole.<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>As early as 2014 (and undoubtedly before that), it was beginning to become clear to some that standard business models are being rapidly relegated to obsolescence, and that inclusion of customers, consultants, and even competitors and other members of the industry\/community is necessary in a holistic model, similar to what we have described (see infographic).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-5\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> The NGI model is poised to become the community platform-based informatics model for the cannabis industry, and indeed may well be the successful model across most industries in the foreseeable future.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h3>\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-Cengage1-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Cengage1_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation book\">Gammack, J.; Hobbs, V.; Pigott, D. (2011). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=MOIW12eOvJsC\">\"Chapter 0: What Is Informatics?\"<\/a>. <i>The Book of Informatics<\/i> (1st Revised ed.). Cengage Learning. pp. 1\u20133. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" data-key=\"f64947ba21e884434bd70e8d9e60bae6\">ISBN<\/a> 0170216004<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=MOIW12eOvJsC\">http:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=MOIW12eOvJsC<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Chapter+0%3A+What+Is+Informatics%3F&rft.atitle=The+Book+of+Informatics&rft.aulast=Gammack%2C+J.%3B+Hobbs%2C+V.%3B+Pigott%2C+D.&rft.au=Gammack%2C+J.%3B+Hobbs%2C+V.%3B+Pigott%2C+D.&rft.date=2011&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B1%E2%80%933&rft.edition=1st+Revised&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.isbn=0170216004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMOIW12eOvJsC&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Informatics_for_the_Cannabis_Industry\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Driving_Forces-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Driving_Forces_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Driving_Forces_of_Change\" data-key=\"62194f478e5e811f90af0603344ecb01\">\"Driving Forces of Change\"<\/a>. LabLynx Press<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free wiki-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Driving_Forces_of_Change\" data-key=\"62194f478e5e811f90af0603344ecb01\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Driving_Forces_of_Change<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Driving+Forces+of+Change&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=LabLynx+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lablynxpress.com%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DDriving_Forces_of_Change&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Informatics_for_the_Cannabis_Industry\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-LenkenhoffKey18-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-LenkenhoffKey18_3-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Lenkenhoff, K.; Wilkens, U.; Zheng, M. et al. (2018). \"Key challenges of digital business ecosystem development and how to cope with them\". <i>Procedia CIRP<\/i> <b>73<\/b>: 167\u201372. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.procir.2018.04.082\">10.1016\/j.procir.2018.04.082<\/a>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Key+challenges+of+digital+business+ecosystem+development+and+how+to+cope+with+them&rft.jtitle=Procedia+CIRP&rft.aulast=Lenkenhoff%2C+K.%3B+Wilkens%2C+U.%3B+Zheng%2C+M.+et+al.&rft.au=Lenkenhoff%2C+K.%3B+Wilkens%2C+U.%3B+Zheng%2C+M.+et+al.&rft.date=2018&rft.volume=73&rft.pages=167%E2%80%9372&rft_id=info:doi\/10.1016%2Fj.procir.2018.04.082&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Informatics_for_the_Cannabis_Industry\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-LabLynx_Informatics-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-LabLynx_Informatics_4-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Open_Platform_for_Continuous_Innovation\" data-key=\"e908e2c8521992e8a95fb5bf1673e30d\">\"Open Platform for Continuous Innovation\"<\/a>. LabLynx Press<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free wiki-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Open_Platform_for_Continuous_Innovation\" data-key=\"e908e2c8521992e8a95fb5bf1673e30d\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Open_Platform_for_Continuous_Innovation<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Open+Platform+for+Continuous+Innovation&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=LabLynx+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lablynxpress.com%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DOpen_Platform_for_Continuous_Innovation&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Informatics_for_the_Cannabis_Industry\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-5\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Hinchcliffe, D. (12 May 2014). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/dionhinchcliffe.com\/2014\/05\/12\/defining-the-next-generation-enterprise-for-2014\">\"Defining the Next Generation Enterprise for 2014\"<\/a>. <i>On Digital Strategy<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/dionhinchcliffe.com\/2014\/05\/12\/defining-the-next-generation-enterprise-for-2014\">https:\/\/dionhinchcliffe.com\/2014\/05\/12\/defining-the-next-generation-enterprise-for-2014<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Defining+the+Next+Generation+Enterprise+for+2014&rft.atitle=On+Digital+Strategy&rft.aulast=Hinchcliffe%2C+D.&rft.au=Hinchcliffe%2C+D.&rft.date=12+May+2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdionhinchcliffe.com%2F2014%2F05%2F12%2Fdefining-the-next-generation-enterprise-for-2014&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:Informatics_for_the_Cannabis_Industry\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.088 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.130 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 3172\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 19135\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 20857\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 7391\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 14\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Informatics_for_the_Cannabis_Industry\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Informatics_for_the_Cannabis_Industry<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","b3a9ffbf5f383a6ba779cd03fbd0429a_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/1\/1f\/Business_people_at_computer.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/b\/b2\/Monolithic_Informatics.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/c\/c8\/NGi.png","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/c\/c4\/DBE_Community_Model.png\/600px-DBE_Community_Model.png"],"b3a9ffbf5f383a6ba779cd03fbd0429a_timestamp":1610467620,"3fe24f66b8b70716b70fb66564afb9e4_type":"article","3fe24f66b8b70716b70fb66564afb9e4_title":"The Cannabis Industry (a lab perspective)","3fe24f66b8b70716b70fb66564afb9e4_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_lab_perspective)","3fe24f66b8b70716b70fb66564afb9e4_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tThe Cannabis Industry (a lab perspective) \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tAs of January 2021, thirty-seven U.S. states and the District of Columbia have approved some sort of broad decriminalization or legalization of medicinal and\/or recreational marijuana.[1] All of this has taken place in less than a decade, with Colorado and Washington state the first to begin the trend in 2012 (although California made initial moves towards decriminalization in the 1970s).[2][3]\nOverall, the industry parallels the remarkable growth of the internet at the turn of the century[4], with revenue of $9.1 billion in 2019.[5] Additionally, the entire nation of Canada has broadly legalized cannabis for both medical and recreational use, following in the footsteps of the first country to legalize it, Uruguay.[6] \nWhat does that mean for laboratories?\nThere are three general types of labs found in the cannabis industry, whether medicinal or recreational:\n\n Extraction\n Analytical\n Research\nThere is of course overlap, in that many analytical labs do their own extraction, and research labs may involve the same methods as an analytical lab. But while extraction labs may enjoy considerable profit margins (as do growers and dispensaries\/retailers), and analytical and research labs somewhat less so[7], it is still the biggest growing industry in the U.S. today, and provides ample opportunity such that many labs are adding cannabis testing to their existing services, and cannabis startups are emerging at a notable rate.[8]\nThis infographic to the right illustrates the basic flow of the industry. As shown, the primary role of the analytical laboratory is to establish quality assurance and quality control (QA\/QC) for growers\/producers or processors (they may have a standing relationship with extraction labs, with one or the other being subcontracted). It is important to note that the analytical cannabis testing lab can be called into the cycle by any of the components of the business cycle, from seed suppliers (more likely to solicit genetic testing to verify strains) to consumers, who may have some question as to strain, potency\/dosage or safety. It is clear that the analytical lab is an integral component of the cannabis industry, increasingly so as states recognize the wisdom of mandating analysis to protect consumers\/patients.[9]\nThough not shown as an industry player, the research lab very much drives and influences the overall growth of the industry, especially as regards medicinal applications of cannabis, as it continues to document its genuine medical benefits, particularly in the area of non-delta-9 tetrahydracannabinoid (THC) cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD).[10][11][12][13][14]\nIn the midst of this generally positive outlook for the cannabis testing industry, it is also important to keep in mind the costs and challenges of starting up and\/or running a cannabis testing lab. \n\n Supplies and standards (some of these increase with throughput)\n Instruments (investment could be from $75,000 up to $600,000 or more, depending on test type[15][16][17])\n Insurance\n Equipment integrations and upgrades\n Data management software (LIMS)\n Integrations with state-mandated tracking\/reporting systems (e.g., METRC, BioTrackTHC)\n ISO\/IEC 17025 certification (increasingly advisable as a competitive and regulatory advantage)\n Salaries\/wages (highly educated and qualified staff are required)\n Need to primarily run cash-only: If your lab is classified as exclusively part of the cannabis industry, FDIC-insured banks are not allowed to do business, another reason why diversification is wise. (NOTE: This is beginning to change as various innovative financial management options are springing up within the industry, and many banks are now becoming involved as well).[18]\n Taxes: Any enterprises that are part of the cannabis industry are often seen by local and state government as high-profit and lucrative sources of tax revenue, so higher rates and\/or special taxes and surcharges are introduced.[19]\nSo, from the lab perspective, it seems clear that there is room for cautious optimism. There are opportunities, and those are likely to increase. However, it makes good sense to be as well-informed and prepared as possible, and to plan and budget effectively before entering the cannabis testing arena. Information in the chapter Starting a Cannabis Testing Lab can help.\n\nReferences \n\n\n\u2191 Berke, J.; Gal, S.; Lee, Y.J. (06 January 2021). \"All the states where marijuana is legal \u2014 and 5 more that voted to legalize it in November\". Business Insider. Insider, Inc. https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/legal-marijuana-states-2018-1 . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Wilson, C. (07 January 2021). \"States Legalizing Marijuana in 2017\". Money Morning. https:\/\/moneymorning.com\/2016\/11\/09\/map-states-legalizing-marijuana-in-2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Mcfarlane, J. (07 January 2021). \"The Global Cannabis Industry, 2017\". Sensi Seeds BV. https:\/\/sensiseeds.com\/en\/blog\/the-global-cannabis-industry-2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Robinson, M. (07 January 2021). \"The legal weed market is growing as fast as broadband internet in the 2000s\". Business Insider. https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/arcview-north-america-marijuana-industry-revenue-2016-2017-1 .   \n\n\u2191 Jacimovic, D. (2020). \"21 Astounding Cannabis Industry Statistics for 2020\". Atheneum Collective. https:\/\/atheneumcollective.com\/21-astounding-cannabis-industry-statistics-for-2020\/ . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Canada becomes second country to legalise recreational cannabis\". BBC. BBC.com. 17 October 2018. https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-45806255 . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 deCesare, K. (02 March 2017). \"LinkedIn conversation\". \"Growers can average a 300%-400% profit, extraction companies 200%-300%, dispensaries at least double their profit. Most labs are lucky to make 40%.\"   \n\n\u2191 Tulsi, B.B. (02 October 2016). \"A Bright Future for Cannabis Testing Services\". Lab Manager Magazine. https:\/\/www.labmanager.com\/labs-less-ordinary\/today-s-cannabis-research-market-4338 . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Freeman, K.; McHenry, M.A.; Cats-Baril, W.; Grace, T. (10 November 2015). \"Cannabis Testing for Public Safety \u2013 Best Practices for Vermont Analytical Laboratories\". Senate Health and Welfare Committee, State of Vermont. https:\/\/cannabis.gentechscientific.com\/files\/Phytosciences-Institute-white-paper-Hirschfeld-20151116.pdf . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Psiquiatr, B. (2008). \"Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action\". Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry 30 (3). doi:10.1590\/S1516-44462008000300015.   \n\n\u2191 Devinsky, O.; Cilio, M.R.; Cross, H. et al. (2014). \"Cannabidiol: Pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders\". Epilepsia 55 (6): 791\u2013802. doi:10.1111\/epi.12631. PMC PMC4707667. PMID 24854329. http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC4707667 .   \n\n\u2191 National Center for Biotechnology Information (06 December 2018). \"Compound Summary for CID 644019\". NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information. https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/cannabidiol#section=Top . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Cannabidiol (CBD)\". WebMD. https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/vitamins\/ai\/ingredientmono-1439\/cannabidiol-cbd . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Devinsky, O.; Marsh, E.; Friedman, D. et al. (2016). \"Cannabidiol in patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy: an open-label interventional trial\". Lancet Neurology 15 (3): 270\u20138. doi:10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00379-8. PMID 26724101.   \n\n\u2191 Schrover, J. (01 January 2016). \"Industry Snapshot: Testing Labs\". Marijuana Business Magazine. https:\/\/mjbizmagazine.com\/industry-snapshot-testing-labs\/ . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Clifford, B. (05 February 2018). \"Cannabis Quality and Contamination Testing\". News Medical Life Sciences. https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/news\/20180205\/Cannabis-Quality-and-Contamination-Testing.aspx . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Borchardt, D. (05 April 2017). \"Cannabis Lab Testing Is The Industry's Dirty Little Secret\". Forbes. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debraborchardt\/2017\/04\/05\/cannabis-lab-testing-is-the-industrys-dirty-little-secret\/ . Retrieved 05 April 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Angell, T. (14 June 2018). \"More Banks Working With Marijuana Businesses, Despite Federal Moves\". Forbes. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tomangell\/2018\/06\/14\/more-banks-working-with-marijuana-businesses-despite-federal-moves\/ . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\u2191 Dr. Robert Martin, PhD (May 2016). \"Profitability in the Cannabis Laboratory Industry\". Association of Commercial Cannabis Laboratories, Inc.. Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180130061309\/http:\/\/www.cacannabislabs.com\/ . Retrieved 07 January 2021 .   \n\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_lab_perspective)\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_lab_perspective)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain 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times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","3fe24f66b8b70716b70fb66564afb9e4_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Cannabis_Industry_a_lab_perspective skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">The Cannabis Industry (a lab perspective)<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Canna_Industry.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"32a52bfd4a503b4a82f79b09d23f6017\"><img alt=\"Canna Industry.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/1a\/Canna_Industry.jpg\/500px-Canna_Industry.jpg\" style=\"width: 100%;max-width: 400px;height: auto;\" \/><\/a><\/div>As of January 2021, thirty-seven U.S. states and the District of Columbia have approved some sort of broad decriminalization or legalization of medicinal and\/or recreational marijuana.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BerkeMichigan18_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BerkeMichigan18-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> All of this has taken place in less than a decade, with Colorado and Washington state the first to begin the trend in 2012 (although California made initial moves towards decriminalization in the 1970s).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-US_Map_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-US_Map-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Industry_2017_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Industry_2017-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>\n<p>Overall, the industry parallels the remarkable growth of the internet at the turn of the century<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Canna_Growth_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Canna_Growth-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup>, with revenue of $9.1 billion in 2019.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Jacimovic21Ast20_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Jacimovic21Ast20-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup> Additionally, the entire nation of Canada has broadly legalized cannabis for both medical and recreational use, following in the footsteps of the first country to legalize it, Uruguay.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CanadaLegal_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CanadaLegal-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup> \n<\/p><p>What does that mean for laboratories?\n<\/p><p>There are three general types of labs found in the cannabis industry, whether medicinal or recreational:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Extraction<\/li>\n<li> Analytical<\/li>\n<li> Research<\/li><\/ul>\n<p>There is of course overlap, in that many analytical labs do their own extraction, and research labs may involve the same methods as an analytical lab. But while extraction labs may enjoy considerable profit margins (as do growers and dispensaries\/retailers), and analytical and research labs somewhat less so<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SMEChat_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SMEChat-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup>, it is still the biggest growing industry in the U.S. today, and provides ample opportunity such that many labs are adding cannabis testing to their existing services, and cannabis startups are emerging at a notable rate.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Bright_Future_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Bright_Future-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>This infographic to the right illustrates the basic flow of the industry. As shown, the primary role of the analytical laboratory is to establish quality assurance and quality control (QA\/QC) for growers\/producers or processors (they may have a standing relationship with extraction labs, with one or the other being subcontracted). It is important to note that the analytical cannabis testing lab can be called into the cycle by any of the components of the business cycle, from seed suppliers (more likely to solicit genetic testing to verify strains) to consumers, who may have some question as to strain, potency\/dosage or safety. It is clear that the analytical lab is an integral component of the cannabis industry, increasingly so as states recognize the wisdom of mandating analysis to protect consumers\/patients.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Vermont_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Vermont-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Though not shown as an industry player, the research lab very much drives and influences the overall growth of the industry, especially as regards medicinal applications of cannabis, as it continues to document its genuine medical benefits, particularly in the area of non-delta-9 tetrahydracannabinoid (THC) cannabinoids, such as cannabidiol (CBD).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Zuardi_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Zuardi-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-NIH_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NIH-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-NIH2_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NIH2-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WebMD_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WebMD-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Lancet_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Lancet-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>In the midst of this generally positive outlook for the cannabis testing industry, it is also important to keep in mind the costs and challenges of starting up and\/or running a cannabis testing lab. \n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Supplies and standards (some of these increase with throughput)<\/li>\n<li> Instruments (investment could be from $75,000 up to $600,000 or more, depending on test type<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SchroverIndustry16_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SchroverIndustry16-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CliffordCanna18_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CliffordCanna18-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BorchardtCannabis17_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BorchardtCannabis17-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>)<\/li>\n<li> Insurance<\/li>\n<li> Equipment integrations and upgrades<\/li>\n<li> Data management software (LIMS)<\/li>\n<li> Integrations with state-mandated tracking\/reporting systems (e.g., METRC, BioTrackTHC)<\/li>\n<li> ISO\/IEC 17025 certification (increasingly advisable as a competitive and regulatory advantage)<\/li>\n<li> Salaries\/wages (highly educated and qualified staff are required)<\/li>\n<li> Need to primarily run cash-only: If your lab is classified as exclusively part of the cannabis industry, FDIC-insured banks are not allowed to do business, another reason why diversification is wise. (NOTE: This is beginning to change as various innovative financial management options are springing up within the industry, and many banks are now becoming involved as well).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BanksGettingInvolved_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BanksGettingInvolved-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li> Taxes: Any enterprises that are part of the cannabis industry are often seen by local and state government as high-profit and lucrative sources of tax revenue, so higher rates and\/or special taxes and surcharges are introduced.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ACCL_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ACCL-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<p>So, from the lab perspective, it seems clear that there is room for cautious optimism. There are opportunities, and those are likely to increase. However, it makes good sense to be as well-informed and prepared as possible, and to plan and budget effectively before entering the cannabis testing arena. Information in the chapter <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab\" title=\"Starting a Cannabis Testing Lab\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"047b2ad1d30cb0616024a97782db32d3\">Starting a Cannabis Testing Lab<\/a> can help.\n<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"reflist references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-BerkeMichigan18-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-BerkeMichigan18_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Berke, J.; Gal, S.; Lee, Y.J. (06 January 2021). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/legal-marijuana-states-2018-1\">\"All the states where marijuana is legal \u2014 and 5 more that voted to legalize it in November\"<\/a>. <i>Business Insider<\/i>. Insider, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/legal-marijuana-states-2018-1\">https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/legal-marijuana-states-2018-1<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=All+the+states+where+marijuana+is+legal+%E2%80%94+and+5+more+that+voted+to+legalize+it+in+November&rft.atitle=Business+Insider&rft.aulast=Berke%2C+J.%3B+Gal%2C+S.%3B+Lee%2C+Y.J.&rft.au=Berke%2C+J.%3B+Gal%2C+S.%3B+Lee%2C+Y.J.&rft.date=06+January+2021&rft.pub=Insider%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Flegal-marijuana-states-2018-1&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_lab_perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-US_Map-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-US_Map_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Wilson, C. (07 January 2021). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/moneymorning.com\/2016\/11\/09\/map-states-legalizing-marijuana-in-2017\">\"States Legalizing Marijuana in 2017\"<\/a>. Money Morning<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/moneymorning.com\/2016\/11\/09\/map-states-legalizing-marijuana-in-2017\">https:\/\/moneymorning.com\/2016\/11\/09\/map-states-legalizing-marijuana-in-2017<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=States+Legalizing+Marijuana+in+2017&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Wilson%2C+C.&rft.au=Wilson%2C+C.&rft.date=07+January+2021&rft.pub=Money+Morning&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoneymorning.com%2F2016%2F11%2F09%2Fmap-states-legalizing-marijuana-in-2017&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_lab_perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Industry_2017-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Industry_2017_3-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Mcfarlane, J. (07 January 2021). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/sensiseeds.com\/en\/blog\/the-global-cannabis-industry-2017\">\"The Global Cannabis Industry, 2017\"<\/a>. Sensi Seeds BV<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/sensiseeds.com\/en\/blog\/the-global-cannabis-industry-2017\">https:\/\/sensiseeds.com\/en\/blog\/the-global-cannabis-industry-2017<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Global+Cannabis+Industry%2C+2017&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Mcfarlane%2C+J.&rft.au=Mcfarlane%2C+J.&rft.date=07+January+2021&rft.pub=Sensi+Seeds+BV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsensiseeds.com%2Fen%2Fblog%2Fthe-global-cannabis-industry-2017&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_lab_perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Canna_Growth-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Canna_Growth_4-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Robinson, M. 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Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Quality+and+Contamination+Testing&rft.atitle=News+Medical+Life+Sciences&rft.aulast=Clifford%2C+B.&rft.au=Clifford%2C+B.&rft.date=05+February+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news-medical.net%2Fnews%2F20180205%2FCannabis-Quality-and-Contamination-Testing.aspx&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_lab_perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-BorchardtCannabis17-17\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-BorchardtCannabis17_17-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Borchardt, D. (05 April 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debraborchardt\/2017\/04\/05\/cannabis-lab-testing-is-the-industrys-dirty-little-secret\/\">\"Cannabis Lab Testing Is The Industry's Dirty Little Secret\"<\/a>. <i>Forbes<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debraborchardt\/2017\/04\/05\/cannabis-lab-testing-is-the-industrys-dirty-little-secret\/\">https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/debraborchardt\/2017\/04\/05\/cannabis-lab-testing-is-the-industrys-dirty-little-secret\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 05 April 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+Lab+Testing+Is+The+Industry%27s+Dirty+Little+Secret&rft.atitle=Forbes&rft.aulast=Borchardt%2C+D.&rft.au=Borchardt%2C+D.&rft.date=05+April+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fdebraborchardt%2F2017%2F04%2F05%2Fcannabis-lab-testing-is-the-industrys-dirty-little-secret%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_lab_perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-BanksGettingInvolved-18\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-BanksGettingInvolved_18-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Angell, T. (14 June 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tomangell\/2018\/06\/14\/more-banks-working-with-marijuana-businesses-despite-federal-moves\/\">\"More Banks Working With Marijuana Businesses, Despite Federal Moves\"<\/a>. <i>Forbes<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tomangell\/2018\/06\/14\/more-banks-working-with-marijuana-businesses-despite-federal-moves\/\">https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/tomangell\/2018\/06\/14\/more-banks-working-with-marijuana-businesses-despite-federal-moves\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=More+Banks+Working+With+Marijuana+Businesses%2C+Despite+Federal+Moves&rft.atitle=Forbes&rft.aulast=Angell%2C+T.&rft.au=Angell%2C+T.&rft.date=14+June+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Ftomangell%2F2018%2F06%2F14%2Fmore-banks-working-with-marijuana-businesses-despite-federal-moves%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_lab_perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-ACCL-19\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-ACCL_19-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Dr. Robert Martin, PhD (May 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180130061309\/http:\/\/www.cacannabislabs.com\/\">\"Profitability in the Cannabis Laboratory Industry\"<\/a>. Association of Commercial Cannabis Laboratories, Inc.. Archived from <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cacannabislabs.com\">the original<\/a> on 30 January 2018<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180130061309\/http:\/\/www.cacannabislabs.com\/\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20180130061309\/http:\/\/www.cacannabislabs.com\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Profitability+in+the+Cannabis+Laboratory+Industry&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Dr.+Robert+Martin%2C+PhD&rft.au=Dr.+Robert+Martin%2C+PhD&rft.date=May+2016&rft.pub=Association+of+Commercial+Cannabis+Laboratories%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20180130061309%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.cacannabislabs.com%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_lab_perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.254 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.284 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 11942\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 18911\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 87563\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 34554\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 18\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_lab_perspective)\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_lab_perspective)<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","3fe24f66b8b70716b70fb66564afb9e4_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/1\/1a\/Canna_Industry.jpg"],"3fe24f66b8b70716b70fb66564afb9e4_timestamp":1610467620,"a7934cd69827b96dcb90a34fd5152115_type":"article","a7934cd69827b96dcb90a34fd5152115_title":"The Cannabis Industry (a U.S. perspective)","a7934cd69827b96dcb90a34fd5152115_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)","a7934cd69827b96dcb90a34fd5152115_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tThe Cannabis Industry (a U.S. perspective) \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tThe following is a brief overview of the cannabis industry in the United States. It's meant to give a quick and concise review of where cannabis use, regulation, testing, and research have been and where they are now. The material is taken directly from Chapter 1 of Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States on LIMSwiki.\n\nContents\n\n1 Brief history of cannabis in the U.S. \n2 Medical and recreational use \n3 Cultivation and distribution \n4 Testing and research \n5 Other areas of concern \n\n5.1 Banking \n5.2 Advertising \n5.3 Insurance \n5.4 Data management \n\n\n6 References \n\n\n\nBrief history of cannabis in the U.S. \nCannabis is a rapid-growing, flowering plant that has been used for centuries for industrial, medicinal, and recreational purposes. The plant includes three species or subspecies: indica, ruderalis, and sativa.[1] Broadly speaking, both \"industrial hemp\" and \"recreational marijuana\" are scientifically similar in that they both refer to the cannabis plant. The important difference between the two is how they've been bred by humans, particularly in regards to their biochemical composition. Hemp\u2014which has historically been used to create clothing, food and feed, paper, textiles, and other industrial items\u2014tends to be bred to have lower levels of the psychoactive component tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and higher levels of the non-psychoactive component cannabidiol (CBD).[2][3] However, some cannabis strains have intentionally been bred to maximize the psychoactive component THC; this is often referred to as marijuana (or the older term \"marihuana\"), a change arguably driven by newspaper reporters post-1900.[4][5]\nCannabis cultivation began in England's Jamestown colony of America in earnest around 1611, via formal orders. Several years later those orders turned into a royal decree, enacted by the Virginia Company, asking colonists to each grow 100 hemp plants for export to England.[3] Colonial America continued its growth, use, and exportation of hemp, even beyond the formal founding of the United States. During that time, growers undoubtedly were using the female plant (which flowers and has higher levels of THC) to treat aches and pains as well as enjoy it recreationally. By the time the U.S. Civil War arrived in the 1860s, however, the growth and use of industrial hemp declined as increased cotton and wood use took away much of the profitability of hemp.[3] Around the same time, local governments began recognizing tonics, tinctures, and extracts from cannabis plants as potentially dangerous substances, labeling them as hypnotics, narcotics, or even poisons.[6] In the early twentieth century, U.S. labeling and prescription laws\u2014such as the the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 at the federal level, as well as various state laws\u2014saw further restrictions put on cannabis, effectively culminating in the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938. With the passage of those acts, hemp and marijuana essentially became illegal, controlled substances.[7][8][9]\nState efforts to decriminalize marijuana were somewhat successful in the early 1970s, though progress towards that goal slowed again with the Reagan Administration's war on drugs.[10] Progress picked up steam again in the late 1990s into the 2000s, particularly in states such as California, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Washington, and Colorado.\nAs of January 2021, thirty-seven U.S. states and the District of Columbia have approved broad legalization of medicinal marijuana, with 11 of those states also approving recreational marijuana.[11] Additionally, neighboring Canada has legalized the purchase, growth, and consumption of marijuana in small amounts across the country[12], while Mexico's Supreme Court has legalized \"all forms of non-commercial adult use\" of the plant[13], though fully implementing the decision has stalled in the country.[14] Industrial hemp has also been addressed in a more serious fashion in the U.S., with 47 states having introduced some sort of hemp cultivation and production programs, and the federal government making certain concessions on it (Cannabis sativa containing no more than 0.3 percent THC, grown under a state-sanctioned agricultural pilot program).[15][16] In December 2018, those concessions seemingly transformed into what became outright legalization of industrial hemp in the United States (with significant shared state-federal regulator restrictions[17]) via the full passage and reconciliation of the 2018 Farm Bill.[15][18][19][20] However, marijuana remains a Schedule I controlled substance, as determined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration[21], including extracts and other derivatives such as CBD that come from cannabis.[22] (However, the DEA moved CBD-based prescription drugs with a THC content below 0.01 percent to Schedule V classification in September 2018.[23] The status of CBD extracted from industrial hemp appears to be in a legal quagmire with the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill; see The National Law Review from late 2018[20], the FDA's consumer update from late 2019[24], and it's most recent regulatory news[25] for further details.) This federal classification continues to clash with changing state laws and regulations at an increasing pace, creating both opportunities and difficulties for involved citizens at all points along the industrial, economic, and social chain.\n\nMedical and recreational use \nIn its 2019 World Drug Report, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime estimated that 3.8 percent of the global population\u2014roughly 188 million people\u2014used cannabis in 2017.[26] Focusing in on the United States, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) estimated that in 2018 the country had 43.5 million past-year marijuana users.[27] It's not clear if that total includes legal medical marijuana users, which numbered roughly 3.5 million in May 2018 according to non-profit ProCon.org.[28] When compared to SAMHSA's estimate of 11.1 million users in 1997[29], it becomes clear that reported marijuana use has increased in the United States over the past few decades, whether it's through legalization efforts or otherwise. Some have pointed to the expansion of medical marijuana laws acting as gateways for increased adolescent use; however, multiple studies have tried but failed to find such a cause and effect relationship.[30][31][32] Regardless, with 37 U.S. states and D.C. now having some type of legalization law on the books[11], the number of marijuana users isn't likely to decrease any time soon in the U.S.\n\nCultivation and distribution \nAt the federal level, marijuana is considered a Schedule I drug and remains illegal.[33][21] (Federal regulation of cannabis is discussed in detail later under \"Regulation and standardization.\") This doesn't leave a lot of options for researchers and the like. In fact, the only federally-granted grow operation (grow-op) as of this writing is the University of Mississippi, contracted by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) to grow marijuana for approved research studies.[34][35][36][37][38], and promises to expand grow-ops for research have fallen flat.[39][40] And while the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp cultivation with certain restrictions[18][17], this does little to help researchers who need marijuana for study.\nOn the state level, the growth, testing, and distribution of cannabis depends on state law, which can vary from state to state. This topic is discussed further in the \"Regulation and standardization\" section, but here are the key points:\n\n Federal law allows for hemp production but still makes it illegal to cultivate and distribute marijuana, even in a state that has legalized such activity. However, while there's no legally binding guarantee cultivators and distributors won't be pursued by federal law enforcement, they can limit their chances of such federal enforcement by precisely following state and local law.\n Despite some of the variances among state laws, one aspect largely remains consistent: it's illegal to distribute marijuana over state lines, even when distributing between two states with similar laws.[41] Hemp (which must contain 0.3 percent or less THC) can be transferred across state lines.\n Regulations on the personal and commercial cultivation and distribution of marijuana vary significantly from state to state. Some states make a limited pool of available licenses available; others don't offer them or instead have specific alternative treatment or non-profit centers that handle growth and distribution.[42][43][44] As for hemp, cultivation and hemp may similarly be regulated slightly differently depending on whether or not the state developed its own USDA-approved regulatory program.[17]\nTesting and research \nOne area that continues to expand\u2014while taking advantage of new scientific research and techniques\u2014is the laboratory sphere, particularly in research, regulation, and standardization activities. According to July 2016 testimony from Susan R.B. Weiss, Division Director at NIDA, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) alone supported 281 cannabinoid research projects totaling more than $111 million in 2015.[36]\nWhile the research, analysis, and processing of cannabis has been ongoing for centuries[3], it wasn't until 1896 that Wood et al. conducted one of the first documented chemical experiments to determine the constituents of cannabis. Several years later, the researchers were able to correctly identify the extracted and isolated cannabinol from the exuded resin of Indian hemp as C21H26O2.[45] As of mid-2015, 104 of the more than 750 constituents of Cannabis sativa have been identified as cannabinoids[46], \"a class of diverse chemical compounds that act on cannabinoid receptors in cells that modulate neurotransmitter release in the brain.\"[47]\nYet in the United States, when it comes to 1. enacting the broad level of testing required to ensure public safety\u2014whether it be medical, recreational, or industrial use of cannabis\u2014and 2. researching and better understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (medical use and benefit) of cannabinoids in the human population, many have argued that laboratory testing of cannabis is still in its infancy[48][49][50][51][52][53] and evidence-based research of marijuana continues to be slow and bogged down in regulation.[34][35][36][37][38] In regards to the first issue, as some form of legalization continues to sweep across states, regulators, users, and industry are recognizing the need for improved standardization of the production and testing of medical and recreational marijuana; the current state of improper labeling and potentially harmful contaminants[48][49][50][53] will only serve to hinder the industry. To the second issue, in 2016 some within the federal government seemed to recognize the roadblocks to improved evidence-based research and began working to slowly improve how researchers can legally acquire and test marijuana in the U.S.[36][37][54], though those attempts have since been rebuffed by the Justice Department.[39][40]\nRegardless, an excerpt from the previously mentioned testimony of NIDA's Dr. Weiss illustrates the sentiment still felt by many researchers today:\n\nThe current state of the research on marijuana and its constituent cannabinoids suggests the potential for therapeutic value for a number of conditions; however, more evidence is needed before marijuana or cannabinoid products (beyond those already approved through the FDA) are ready for medical use. Promising preclinical findings do not always prove to be clinically relevant, and even fewer lead to new treatments. Moreover, clinical studies of sufficient quality to meet FDA standards for drug approval are currently lacking for most conditions. Among the factors that impact this research are the specific statutory requirements and treaty obligations that govern research on marijuana. NIH is working closely with the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and FDA to explore ways to streamline these processes to facilitate research.[36] \nIn the meantime, government entities such as the NIH and non-profits such as jCanna push forward with scientific conferences, summits, and roundtables that bring scientists and interested parties together to share existing knowledge and testing techniques.[55][56] And at least some U.S. lawmakers are further talking about the issue of cannabis research, with an official hearing in January 2020 providing an opportunity to discuss the \"catch-22\" of regulation and medical research: \"Research is restricted because cannabis is currently considered a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, yet more research would better determine if marijuana should be rescheduled or descheduled.\"[57]\n\nOther areas of concern \nWhen examining the current state of the U.S. cannabis industry, it's important to note a few additional areas of concern that impact it, again tightly linked to federal regulations (which are discussed extensively in the next section): banking, advertising, and data management. Issues related to these topics continue to limit how state-based grow-ops, dispensaries, and testing laboratories are funded and operated. \n\nBanking \nSince the U.S. federal government still considers marijuana to be illegal, by extension banks and credit unions\u2014which are regulated by a patchwork collection of federal (and state) laws\u2014put themselves into potentially dangerous territory by accepting money from depositors engaging in federally illegal activities; the bank can be punished by federal institutions such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).[58] In an attempt to ease the concerns of industry players as well as banks in states that had implemented legalization efforts, the Treasury Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) released a guidance document in February 2014 that \"does not grant immunity from prosecution or civil penalties to banks that serve legal marijuana businesses\" but rather \"directs prosecutors and regulators to give priority to cases only where financial institutions have failed to adhere to the guidance.\"[59][60] However, the guidance has remained just that: guidance; it doesn't prevent federal law enforcement or regulating agencies from taking action. An August 2016 attempt to reclassify marijuana into a lower classification than Schedule I failed[21][37], keeping the FinCEN guidance in place as a recommendation for how federal authorities should enforce existing law. \nAccording to an Associated Press report in April 2016, the guidance has had some sort of impact, with banks and credit unions willing to handle any money associated with marijuana increasing from 51 in March 2014 to 301 in March 2016[61], and up again to 411 in March 2018.[62] However, this hasn't prevented those in states with newly minted medical and recreational marijuana legalization laws from being worried about how cannabis money will be handled, particularly with the Trump administration's wavering stance. California, which in November 2016 legalized recreational use of marijuana beginning in 2018, petitioned the administration to clarify its policy early on. \"We have a year to develop a system that works in California and which addresses the many issues that exist as a result of the federal-state legal conflict,\" wrote California Treasurer John Chiang to Trump. \"Uncertainty about the position of your administration creates even more of a challenge.\"[63] An attempt by the state in the summer of 2018 (Senate Bill 930) to \"license privately financed banks that would issue checks to [cannabis-related] businesses to pay rent and state and local taxes and fees\" was rejected, complicating the matter further.[64] However, California's Department of Business Oversight offered some minor respite in the fall of 2019 in the form of its Cannabis Banking Guidance, which \"offers a comprehensive compliance framework for [California's] financial institutions and demonstrates that there is momentum around finding a workable solution to effectively provide banking services to cannabis-related businesses.\"[65]\nSimilar legalization changes in Massachusetts prompted its senator, Elizabeth Warren, along with nine other senators, to write to FinCEN in early 2017 requesting even clearer, more friendly guidance for marijuana vendors.[66] Yet it remains to be seen if entities outside of grow-ops and dispensaries will see banking relief. In particular, testing laboratories continue to struggle with managing cash flow and acquiring bank lending for their operations[67][68][69], causing some to believe consolidation of such labs will occur before the industry can really even take off.[67][70] In early 2018, one of three testing laboratories in Alaska was forced to suspend its operations after Wells Fargo said it would foreclose on their space if they did not move out, demonstrating the continued difficulties and tensions laboratories are facing with banks.[71]\nIn September 2019, what was thought to the be the best chance to update cannabis banking regulation\u2014in the form of the Secure and Fair Enforcement (SAFE) Banking Act\u2014saw overwhelming approval in the U.S. House of Representatives. The SAFE Banking Act would prevent federal banking regulators from cancelling deposit insurance, penalizing banking institutions, and incentivizing a bank to not do business with cannabis businesses, among other actions. This would mean banks wouldn't see federal retaliation for complying with state-mandated cannabis law. However, the proposed legislation has since been held up in the Senate, primarily due to the efforts of Senate Banking Committee Chair Mike Crapo[72][73], and the support of 12 other lawmakers.[74] As of February 2020, it's not clear if Crapo and other Senators' opposition can be overcome to make the SAFE Banking Act federal law. News from February 25 indicated potential progress, noting that senators were \"close to finding common ground to getting everyone signed off to move this forward.\"[75]\n\nAdvertising \nAdvertising of marijuana products is another area of concern, though the regulations and laws regarding it are less clear. When it comes to television and radio broadcasting and its associated advertising, a federally granted broadcasting license stands to be lost, care of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The trouble is, it's not clear if the FCC would act against broadcasters; the FCC hasn't issued guidance in the same way FinCEN has. \"I don\u2019t think anybody knows, and that\u2019s the problem,\" said California Broadcasters Association President Joe Berry in an August 2016 report published by the The Sacramento Bee. \"Without a clear indication [from the FCC on marijuana advertising], the vast majority of broadcasters are going to stay away from this issue.\"[76] California, of course, made recreational marijuana legal, and its proposed law sought to address the issue of advertising, including \"a provision restricting TV and radio ads so they are not targeted to minors,\" while also addressing the authority of the FCC to enforce regardless.[77] Additional changes occurred in California in the form of Assembly Bill 2899, updating how licensees can and can not advertise cannabis and cannabis products.[78]\nOther forms of advertising also remain problematic. In late November 2015, the United States Postal Service (USPS) out of Portland, Oregon published its interpretation of federal law regarding \"mailpieces containing advertisements about marijuana,\" regarding it illegal to distribute certain forms of marijuana advertisement while citing 21 U.S. Code \u00a7 843(c).[79] The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) has, controversially, also gotten involved, stating that trademarking of a \"brand controlled substances or related paraphernalia that are illegal to possess or sell\" legally doesn't fit within a trademark's commercial viability because at the federal level marijuana is not legal for commerce.[80] (Legal experts such as Dariush Adli suggest \"creative ways\" of getting around this, from registering trademarks in multiple states to registering \"non-cannabis merchandise in order to generate some federal protection for their mark.\"[81]) Even billboards are an issue, with California's state lawmakers proposing new regulations on billboard-based marijuana advertising weeks after the state passed its recreational legalization laws.[82] And state laws, such as those found in Alaska, can create their own set of challenges in staying legal with marijuana advertising.[83] Even Canada, which legalized recreational use of marijuana in the fall of 2018, has strict advertising rules laid out by Health Canada, with harsh penalties for violators.[84] This has resulted in some cannabis businesses seeking advertising loopholes; one such example can be found in the U.S. state of Colorado, where cannabis companies have taken to sponsoring highways through the state's Clean Colorado program.[85]\nDespite all this, at least one financial consultant believes marijuana marketing will become more prevalent: GreenWave Advisors' Matthew Karnes estimates spending will jump to $75 million by 2021.[86]\n\nInsurance \nInsurance needs for cannabis businesses are being discussed more as the legalization effort continues to expand across the U.S. and other countries. In the U.S. at least, a number of factors have slowed these discussions given the plant's illegal federal status, including limited data on its health impacts, the losses associated with running such businesses, and a lack of understanding the appropriate claims milestones to use. This lack of data and initial hesitance has resulted in overall caution by the insurance industry, issuing mostly basic policies with insufficient coverage.[87] These fears\u2014including the fear of prosecution for providing services to cannabis businesses\u2014aren't limited to the U.S. either, with, for example, concerns that the Proceeds of Crime Act (POCA) in the U.K. will expose financial and insurance businesses to prosecution.[88] Other issues and risks viewed by the industry include[87][88]:\n With health risks not fully understood, extensive litigation including class action lawsuits may ensue should cannabis users become unexpectedly ill or disabled due to unstated risks by the vendor.\n Transportation of cannabis and related equipment across various borders where it's legal in some places but not others may result in the risk of seizures and losses.\n Uncertainty remains about intellectual property law and banking, making it more difficult to produce relevant policies that help protect against theft and loss of proprietary information, product, and cash.\n Hemp-derived CBD and its legality is still a gray area, at least in the U.S., though hemp is legal, making it more difficult to separate out related risks in cannabis insurance policies.\n Vape pens and e-cigarettes used for cannabis consumption have so far carried some health hazards and risks with them, forcing many insurance carriers to exclude coverage for such products. \n Outdoor crop coverage is scarce and multi-state distribution coverage policies don't exist.\n Professional liability insurance for testing laboratories and dispensaries is still a growing area that requires more data and risk consideration, with some specific coverage such as \"slip and fall\" protection not able to be honored due to Schedule I substance exclusions in general liability policies.\nData management \nAs previously mentioned, in the fall of 2018, Canada legalized the purchase, growth, and consumption of marijuana in small amounts across the country.[12] Ahead of and after the official date of legalization, concerns were being raised about the protection of Canadian cannabis consumers' personally identifiable information (PII)[89], particularly in regards to data processed and stored in the United States.[90][91][92] In truth, comparisons of Canada's privacy laws with those of the United States existed well before the vote, with resources such as FindLaw detailing risks to any Canadian data transferred to the United States.[93] However, concerns grew that Ontario's mandated use of the e-commerce platform Shopify (until private retail outlets opened in April 2019) would put Canadian cannabis consumers' data at risk.[90][94] In particular, Canadian consumers remain worried that if their purchase history becomes available to United States government officials, who function in an environment of criminalization of cannabis use, they will not be allowed entry into the U.S. at minimum, or be treated as criminals upon attempting entry at worst. As such, some developers of cannabis data management software\u2014such as Cova Software\u2014have publicly acknowledged that any cannabis retail data for Canadian customers will remain in Canada \"over and above the current legal requirements.\"[92] Yet even with data providers' intentions to follow Canadian privacy rules and recommendations, data breaches still occur, as happened with the Canada Post in November 2018.[89][95], further emphasizing the need for strict protocols and protections for cannabis consumer data.\nIn the United States, despite cannabis' federal prohibition, many states have been taking on various levels of legalization of cannabis. As Rachel Hutchinson of Foley Hoag LLP noted in March 2017, much like Canada, \"[l]egalization has led to increased oversight and monitoring, as well as to the collection and storage of personally identifiable information ... [and the] threat of a federal crackdown leaves most customers resistant to creating any sort of paper trail.\"[96] In this sort of environment, where federal threats still exist, a patchwork collection of state-based laws have sprung up, including Oregon's Senate Bill 863, which prevents retailers of recreational cannabis from collecting and sharing customers' PII.[97] California has also implemented a variation of this type of protection for both recreational and medical cannabis consumers.[98] Of note is California's classification of medical marijuana identification cards as \"medical information,\" which lends additional credence to the idea that medical marijuana consumers' PII held in dispensaries should be protected by U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations.[99] However, without a unified policy and legal framework for cannabis use and its associated data, its difficult to foresee what future data collection and privacy regulations will look like in the United States. Despite this, some software development companies are betting on further demand for privacy of PII with the development of \"personal privacy and HIPAA complaint cannabis consumer transaction solution[s].\"[100]\nAdditionally, like Canada, concerns still abound concerning data privacy in the United States. Companies such as THSuite, LLC have already been found to inadvertently expose sensitive personal data\u2014and possible even protected health information (PHI)\u2014from multiple U.S. cannabis dispensaries, potentially violating HIPAA regulations.[101][102] As the anonymous author of the original report concerning THSuite points out, \"most legal experts agree that dispensaries must follow HIPAA regulations just like any other health care provider,\" and even in a realm without legal risk, exposed data could mean \"individuals may suffer backlash if their families, friends, and colleagues find out that they use cannabis.\"[101] Again, these issues firmly fall at the feet of the main problem of not having unified cannabis legislation, let alone not having a federally recognized legalized status of cannabis. With the unclear and mismatched state of law regarding cannabis user data protection, the onus still remain firmly with software developers and data managers in regards to thoroughly testing software and implementing (as well as enforcing) stricter controls such as encryption, intrusion detection, and authentication mechanisms.[102]\n\r\n\n\nReferences \n\n\n\u2191 \"Genus: Cannabis L.\". U.S. National Plant Germplasm System. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 01 January 2011. https:\/\/npgsweb.ars-grin.gov\/gringlobal\/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=2034 . Retrieved 20 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Swanson, T.E. (2015). \"Controlled Substances Chaos: The Department of Justice's New Policy Position on Marijuana and What It Means for Industrial Hemp Farming in North Dakota\" (PDF). North Dakota Law Review 90 (3): 599\u2013622. https:\/\/law.und.edu\/_files\/docs\/ndlr\/pdf\/issues\/90\/3\/90ndlr599.pdf .   \n\n\u2191 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Deitch, R. (2003). Hemp \u2013 American History Revisited. 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Cannabis Business Times. https:\/\/www.cannabisbusinesstimes.com\/article\/safe-banking-act-house-supporters-urge-senate-to-approve-bill\/ . Retrieved 19 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 Jaeger, K. (13 February 2020). \"Twelve GOP Lawmakers Thank Senate Chairman For Delaying Marijuana Banking Bill\". Marijuana Moment. https:\/\/www.marijuanamoment.net\/twelve-gop-lawmakers-thank-senate-chairman-for-delaying-marijuana-banking-bill\/ . Retrieved 19 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 Adlin, B. (25 February 2020). \"Deal On Marijuana Banking Bill Is \u2018Close,\u2019 GOP Senator Says\". Marijuana Moment. https:\/\/www.marijuanamoment.net\/deal-on-marijuana-banking-bill-is-close-gop-senator-says\/ . Retrieved 28 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 White, J.B. (17 August 2016). \"If California legalizes pot, will TV ads be far behind?\". The Sacramento Bee. The McClatchy Company. http:\/\/www.sacbee.com\/news\/politics-government\/capitol-alert\/article96040082.html . Retrieved 25 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 McGreevy, P. (30 October 2016). \"Q&A: Proposition 64 would legalize recreational use of marijuana though it's illegal under federal law. How will that work?\". Los Angeles Times. tronc, Inc. http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/politics\/la-pol-sac-proposition-64-marijuana-legalization-qa-20161030-snap-20161029-story.html . Retrieved 25 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Malsbury, A. (27 August 2018). \"California Cannabis Advertising: Changes Coming?\". Canna Law Blog. Harris Bricken. https:\/\/www.cannalawblog.com\/california-cannabis-advertising-changes-coming\/ . Retrieved 13 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 Rein, L. (21 December 2015). \"The pot business may be legal, but newspapers can\u2019t run ads for it, the U.S. Postal Service says\". The Washington Post. WP Company, LLC. https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/federal-eye\/wp\/2015\/12\/21\/the-pot-business-may-be-legal-but-newspapers-cant-run-ads-for-it-the-u-s-postal-service-says\/ . Retrieved 25 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Oxenford, D. (13 December 2016). \"Accepting Advertising for Marijuana or Marijuana Paraphernalia: The Trademark Office Rules on a Related Issue that Provides More Reason For Caution\". Broadcast Law Blog. http:\/\/www.broadcastlawblog.com\/2016\/12\/articles\/accepting-advertising-for-marijuana-or-marijuana-paraphernalia-the-trademark-office-rules-on-a-related-issue-that-provides-more-reason-for-caution\/ . Retrieved 25 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Adli, D. (21 December 2016). \"Obtaining Trademark Protection for Cannabis Businesses\". ADLI Law Group. http:\/\/adlilaw.blogspot.com\/2016\/12\/obtaining-trademark-protection-for_9.html . Retrieved 25 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 McGreevy, P. (21 December 2016). \"Pot ads along highways? Lawmakers wrangle over legalization's consequences\". Los Angeles Times. tronc, Inc. http:\/\/www.latimes.com\/politics\/la-pol-ca-pot-ads-snap-20161221-story.html . Retrieved 25 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Andrews, L. (27 December 2016). \"Gaps in Alaska marijuana ad rules cause worry\". Alaska Dispatch News. Alaska Dispatch Publishing. https:\/\/www.adn.com\/alaska-marijuana\/2016\/12\/26\/gaps-in-alaska-marijuana-advertising-rules-cause-worry\/ . Retrieved 25 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 Cecco, L. (06 June 2018). \"How do you market weed when you can't market weed?\". The Guardian. Guardian News. https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2018\/jun\/06\/canada-weed-legalisation-cannabis-marijuana-vendors-marketing-tactics . Retrieved 13 November 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Pot shops turn to highway sponsor signs amid strict ad rules\". Associated Press. 16 February 2020. https:\/\/apnews.com\/c908e9fcdeae3c502d5252e182bafa73 . Retrieved 20 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 Stilson, J. (03 January 2017). \"Why Marijuana Marketing Will Be Bigger Than Ever This Year\". Adweek. Adweek, LLC. http:\/\/www.adweek.com\/news\/advertising-branding\/why-marijuana-marketing-will-be-bigger-ever-year-175246 . Retrieved 25 January 2017 .   \n\n\u2191 87.0 87.1 AmWINS Group, Inc (September 2019). \"From Seed to Sale: The Top Five Issues Impacting the Cannabis Insurance Industry\". https:\/\/www.amwins.com\/docs\/default-source\/insights\/client-advisory_top-5_issues_impacting_the_cannabis_insurance_industry-9-19.pdf?sfvrsn=72f5f65f_8 . Retrieved 20 February 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 88.0 88.1 Boldon, J. (17 February 2020). \"Financial lines carriers face big challenges in insuring cannabis business\". Kennedys. https:\/\/www.kennedyslaw.com\/thought-leadership\/article\/financial-lines-carriers-face-big-challenges-in-insuring-cannabis-business\/ . Retrieved 20 January 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 89.0 89.1 Stoller, D.R. (18 November 2018). \"Legal Canadian Pot Sales Spur Data Privacy Concerns\". Bloomberg BNA. https:\/\/www.bna.com\/legal-canadian-pot-n57982093971\/ . Retrieved 03 January 2018 .   \n\n\u2191 90.0 90.1 Blinch, M. (27 August 2018). \"How privatized cannabis sales threaten your privacy\". The Conversation. https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-privatized-cannabis-sales-threaten-your-privacy-101870 . Retrieved 03 January 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 \"A society in transition, an industry ready to bloom: 2018 Cannabis Report\" (PDF). Deloitte LLP. 2018. https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/Deloitte\/ca\/Documents\/consulting\/ca-cannabis-2018-report-en.PDF . Retrieved 03 January 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 92.0 92.1 Moore, B. (27 September 2018). \"Cova Software Announces Plan to Retain Retail Cannabis Data in Canada\". NCIA News. National Cannabis Industry Association. https:\/\/thecannabisindustry.org\/member_news\/cova-software-announces-plan-to-retain-retail-cannabis-data-in-canada\/ . Retrieved 03 January 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 \"Canada's Privacy Laws vs. the USA PATRIOT ACT\". FindLaw. Thomson Reuters. 02 August 2004. https:\/\/corporate.findlaw.com\/law-library\/canada-s-privacy-laws-vs-the-usa-patriot-act.html . Retrieved 03 January 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 Abraham, E. (18 October 2018). \"Cannabis may be legal in Canada \u2013 but this is why it's still not safe to buy it online\". Independent. https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/voices\/cannabis-canada-legal-sale-buying-online-risks-a8589716.html . Retrieved 03 January 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 Perkel, C. (07 November 2018). \"Canada Post admits cannabis privacy breach involving 4,500 Ontario customers\". CTV News. https:\/\/www.ctvnews.ca\/canada\/canada-post-admits-cannabis-privacy-breach-involving-4-500-ontario-customers-1.4167149 . Retrieved 03 January 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 Hutchinson, R. (22 March 2017). \"Marijuana and Privacy: A Primer\". Security, Privacy and the Law. Foley Hoag LLP. https:\/\/www.securityprivacyandthelaw.com\/2017\/03\/marijuana-and-privacy-a-primer\/ . Retrieved 03 January 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 Marum, A. (19 April 2017). \"Smoke pot in Oregon? Your name now protected from feds\". The Oregonian. https:\/\/www.oregonlive.com\/marijuana\/index.ssf\/2017\/04\/marijuana_user_data_protected.html . Retrieved 03 January 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 Sherry, K. (04 October 2018). \"Client Alert: New California Privacy Law, AB-2402, Specifically Targets Cannabis Licensees\". Nelson Hardiman Newsroom. Nelson Hardiman LLP. https:\/\/www.nelsonhardiman.com\/client-alert-new-california-privacy-law-ab-2402-specifically-targets-cannabis-licensees\/ . Retrieved 03 January 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 Drolet, M. (15 May 2017). \"Cannabis and privacy compliance: Is your health information protected?\". Cannabis Business Executive. https:\/\/www.cannabisbusinessexecutive.com\/2017\/05\/hippa-cannabis-and-privacy-compliance\/?utm_source=CBE+Master+List&utm_campaign=3dd8f01b21-CBE+Policy+%26+Legal&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1f64189714-3dd8f01b21-264215833 . Retrieved 03 January 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 \"USMJ and Landstar Plan to Bring Data Privacy and HIPAA Compliance to Marijuana Consumers\". PR Newswire. 14 November 2018. https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/usmj-and-landstar-plan-to-bring-data-privacy-and-hipaa-compliance-to-marijuana-consumers-831506836.html . Retrieved 03 January 2019 .   \n\n\u2191 101.0 101.1 Fawkes, G. (24 January 2020). \"Report: Cannabis Users\u2019 Sensitive Data Exposed in Data Breach\". vpnMentor Blog. https:\/\/www.vpnmentor.com\/blog\/report-thsuite-breach\/ . Retrieved 20 January 2020 .   \n\n\u2191 102.0 102.1 Shaghaghi, S.; Weinstein, I. (18 February 2020). \"Leak of 30,000 cannabis customer records heightens need for effective data security\". Insights. CohnReznick LLP. https:\/\/www.cohnreznick.com\/insights\/leak-of-30000-cannabis-customer-records-heightens-need-for-effective-data-security . Retrieved 20 January 2020 .   \n\n\n\r\n\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 8 January 2021, at 02:36.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 954 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","a7934cd69827b96dcb90a34fd5152115_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Cannabis_Industry_a_U_S_perspective skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">The Cannabis Industry (a U.S. perspective)<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><p>The following is a brief overview of the cannabis industry in the United States. It's meant to give a quick and concise review of where cannabis use, regulation, testing, and research have been and where they are now. The material is taken directly from Chapter 1 of <i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.limswiki.org\/index.php?title=LII:Past,_Present,_and_Future_of_Cannabis_Laboratory_Testing_and_Regulation_in_the_United_States\" class=\"extiw wiki-link\" title=\"limswiki:LII:Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States\" data-key=\"1df0af9cbc96b7412a0ae6a7f2279f68\">Past, Present, and Future of Cannabis Laboratory Testing and Regulation in the United States<\/a><\/i> on LIMSwiki.\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Brief_history_of_cannabis_in_the_U.S.\">Brief history of cannabis in the U.S.<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Drug_bottle_containing_cannabis.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"9b7a30998e25bd57808c0abbb7728381\"><img alt=\"Drug bottle containing cannabis.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a3\/Drug_bottle_containing_cannabis.jpg\/160px-Drug_bottle_containing_cannabis.jpg\" width=\"160\" height=\"340\" \/><\/a><\/div><i>Cannabis<\/i> is a rapid-growing, flowering plant that has been used for centuries for industrial, medicinal, and recreational purposes. The plant includes three species or subspecies: <i>indica<\/i>, <i>ruderalis<\/i>, and <i>sativa<\/i>.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GRINCannabis11_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GRINCannabis11-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> Broadly speaking, both \"industrial hemp\" and \"recreational marijuana\" are scientifically similar in that they both refer to the <i>cannabis<\/i> plant. The important difference between the two is how they've been bred by humans, particularly in regards to their biochemical composition. Hemp\u2014which has historically been used to create clothing, food and feed, paper, textiles, and other industrial items\u2014tends to be bred to have lower levels of the psychoactive component tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and higher levels of the non-psychoactive component cannabidiol (CBD).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SwansonControlled15_2-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SwansonControlled15-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DeitchHemp03_3-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DeitchHemp03-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> However, some cannabis strains have intentionally been bred to maximize the psychoactive component THC; this is often referred to as marijuana (or the older term \"marihuana\"), a change arguably driven by newspaper reporters post-1900.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BaccaWhat14_4-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BaccaWhat14-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ThompsonTheMyst13_5-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ThompsonTheMyst13-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup>\n<p>Cannabis cultivation began in England's Jamestown colony of America in earnest around 1611, via formal orders. Several years later those orders turned into a royal decree, enacted by the Virginia Company, asking colonists to each grow 100 hemp plants for export to England.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DeitchHemp03_3-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DeitchHemp03-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> Colonial America continued its growth, use, and exportation of hemp, even beyond the formal founding of the United States. During that time, growers undoubtedly were using the female plant (which flowers and has higher levels of THC) to treat aches and pains as well as enjoy it recreationally. By the time the U.S. Civil War arrived in the 1860s, however, the growth and use of industrial hemp declined as increased cotton and wood use took away much of the profitability of hemp.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DeitchHemp03_3-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DeitchHemp03-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup> Around the same time, local governments began recognizing tonics, tinctures, and extracts from cannabis plants as potentially dangerous substances, labeling them as hypnotics, narcotics, or even poisons.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Senate1860_6-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Senate1860-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup> In the early twentieth century, U.S. labeling and prescription laws\u2014such as the the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 at the federal level, as well as various state laws\u2014saw further restrictions put on cannabis, effectively culminating in the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938. With the passage of those acts, hemp and marijuana essentially became illegal, controlled substances.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WaltonMari38_7-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WaltonMari38-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WoodwardTax37_8-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WoodwardTax37-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CaversTheFood39_9-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CaversTheFood39-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>State efforts to decriminalize marijuana were somewhat successful in the early 1970s, though progress towards that goal slowed again with the Reagan Administration's war on drugs.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MeierPolitics16_10-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MeierPolitics16-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup> Progress picked up steam again in the late 1990s into the 2000s, particularly in states such as California, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Washington, and Colorado.\n<\/p><p>As of January 2021, thirty-seven U.S. states and the District of Columbia have approved broad legalization of medicinal marijuana, with 11 of those states also approving recreational marijuana.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BerkeMichigan18_11-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BerkeMichigan18-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup> Additionally, neighboring Canada has legalized the purchase, growth, and consumption of marijuana in small amounts across the country<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PorterCanada18_12-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PorterCanada18-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup>, while Mexico's Supreme Court has legalized \"all forms of non-commercial adult use\" of the plant<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-TimmonsMexico18_13-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-TimmonsMexico18-13\">[13]<\/a><\/sup>, though fully implementing the decision has stalled in the country.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WilliamsNews19_14-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WilliamsNews19-14\">[14]<\/a><\/sup> Industrial hemp has also been addressed in a more serious fashion in the U.S., with 47 states having introduced some sort of hemp cultivation and production programs, and the federal government making certain concessions on it (<i>Cannabis sativa<\/i> containing no more than 0.3 percent THC, grown under a state-sanctioned agricultural pilot program).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-NCSLState18_15-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NCSLState18-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-81FR53395_16-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-81FR53395-16\">[16]<\/a><\/sup> In December 2018, those concessions seemingly transformed into what became outright legalization of industrial hemp in the United States (with significant shared state-federal regulator restrictions<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HudakTheFarm18_17-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HudakTheFarm18-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>) via the full passage and reconciliation of the 2018 Farm Bill.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-NCSLState18_15-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NCSLState18-15\">[15]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoodFarm18_18-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoodFarm18-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MilliganLegal18_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MilliganLegal18-19\">[19]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-StewartWillHemp18_20-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-StewartWillHemp18-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup> However, marijuana remains a Schedule I controlled substance, as determined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LegerMari16_21-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LegerMari16-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup>, including extracts and other derivatives such as CBD that come from cannabis.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WallaceLegal17_22-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WallaceLegal17-22\">[22]<\/a><\/sup> (However, the DEA moved CBD-based prescription drugs with a THC content below 0.01 percent to Schedule V classification in September 2018.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Romza-KutzCBD18_23-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Romza-KutzCBD18-23\">[23]<\/a><\/sup> The status of CBD extracted from industrial hemp appears to be in a legal quagmire with the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill; see <i>The National Law Review<\/i> from late 2018<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-StewartWillHemp18_20-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-StewartWillHemp18-20\">[20]<\/a><\/sup>, the FDA's consumer update from late 2019<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FDAWhatYouNeed19_24-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FDAWhatYouNeed19-24\">[24]<\/a><\/sup>, and it's most recent regulatory news<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FDARegulationOfCann20_25-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FDARegulationOfCann20-25\">[25]<\/a><\/sup> for further details.) This federal classification continues to clash with changing state laws and regulations at an increasing pace, creating both opportunities and difficulties for involved citizens at all points along the industrial, economic, and social chain.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Medical_and_recreational_use\">Medical and recreational use<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In its 2019 World Drug Report, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime estimated that 3.8 percent of the global population\u2014roughly 188 million people\u2014used cannabis in 2017.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-UNODCWorld16_26-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-UNODCWorld16-26\">[26]<\/a><\/sup> Focusing in on the United States, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) estimated that in 2018 the country had 43.5 million past-year marijuana users.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SAMHSAResults16_27-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SAMHSAResults16-27\">[27]<\/a><\/sup> It's not clear if that total includes legal medical marijuana users, which numbered roughly 3.5 million in May 2018 according to non-profit ProCon.org.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ProConNumber18_28-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ProConNumber18-28\">[28]<\/a><\/sup> When compared to SAMHSA's estimate of 11.1 million users in 1997<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RabkinDrug99_29-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RabkinDrug99-29\">[29]<\/a><\/sup>, it becomes clear that reported marijuana use has increased in the United States over the past few decades, whether it's through legalization efforts or otherwise. Some have pointed to the expansion of medical marijuana laws acting as gateways for increased adolescent use; however, multiple studies have tried but failed to find such a cause and effect relationship.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HasinMedical15_30-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HasinMedical15-30\">[30]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WallAdol11_31-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WallAdol11-31\">[31]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HarperDoMed12_32-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HarperDoMed12-32\">[32]<\/a><\/sup> Regardless, with 37 U.S. states and D.C. now having some type of legalization law on the books<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BerkeMichigan18_11-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BerkeMichigan18-11\">[11]<\/a><\/sup>, the number of marijuana users isn't likely to decrease any time soon in the U.S.\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Cultivation_and_distribution\">Cultivation and distribution<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>At the federal level, marijuana is considered a Schedule I drug and remains illegal.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GPO21USC812_33-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GPO21USC812-33\">[33]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LegerMari16_21-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LegerMari16-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup> (Federal regulation of cannabis is discussed in detail later under \"Regulation and standardization.\") This doesn't leave a lot of options for researchers and the like. In fact, the only federally-granted grow operation (grow-op) as of this writing is the University of Mississippi, contracted by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) to grow marijuana for approved research studies.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BajajHowThe14_34-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BajajHowThe14-34\">[34]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CheslerGov15_35-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CheslerGov15-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_36-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WeissTestimony16-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-JosephDEA16_37-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-JosephDEA16-37\">[37]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RudroffMari17_38-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RudroffMari17-38\">[38]<\/a><\/sup>, and promises to expand grow-ops for research have fallen flat.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GurmanMari18_39-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GurmanMari18-39\">[39]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Ordo.C3.B1ezTrump18_40-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Ordo.C3.B1ezTrump18-40\">[40]<\/a><\/sup> And while the passage of the 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp cultivation with certain restrictions<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GoodFarm18_18-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GoodFarm18-18\">[18]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HudakTheFarm18_17-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HudakTheFarm18-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup>, this does little to help researchers who need marijuana for study.\n<\/p><p>On the state level, the growth, testing, and distribution of cannabis depends on state law, which can vary from state to state. This topic is discussed further in the \"Regulation and standardization\" section, but here are the key points:\n<\/p>\n<ul><li> Federal law allows for hemp production but still makes it illegal to cultivate and distribute marijuana, even in a state that has legalized such activity. However, while there's no legally binding guarantee cultivators and distributors won't be pursued by federal law enforcement, they can limit their chances of such federal enforcement by precisely following state and local law.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Despite some of the variances among state laws, one aspect largely remains consistent: it's illegal to distribute marijuana over state lines, even when distributing between two states with similar laws.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BelvilleCanI16_41-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BelvilleCanI16-41\">[41]<\/a><\/sup> Hemp (which must contain 0.3 percent or less THC) can be transferred across state lines.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul><li> Regulations on the personal and commercial cultivation and distribution of marijuana vary significantly from state to state. Some states make a limited pool of available licenses available; others don't offer them or instead have specific alternative treatment or non-profit centers that handle growth and distribution.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FindLawMari_42-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FindLawMari-42\">[42]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LeaflyHome_43-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LeaflyHome-43\">[43]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ProCon28Legal16_44-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ProCon28Legal16-44\">[44]<\/a><\/sup> As for hemp, cultivation and hemp may similarly be regulated slightly differently depending on whether or not the state developed its own USDA-approved regulatory program.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HudakTheFarm18_17-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HudakTheFarm18-17\">[17]<\/a><\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Testing_and_research\">Testing and research<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Marihuana_Test.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"9eb0635922ead21248a38b9442068f5a\"><img alt=\"Marihuana Test.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5b\/Marihuana_Test.jpg\/180px-Marihuana_Test.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"249\" \/><\/a><\/div>One area that continues to expand\u2014while taking advantage of new scientific research and techniques\u2014is the laboratory sphere, particularly in research, regulation, and standardization activities. According to July 2016 testimony from Susan R.B. Weiss, Division Director at NIDA, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) alone supported 281 cannabinoid research projects totaling more than $111 million in 2015.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_36-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WeissTestimony16-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup>\n<p>While the research, analysis, and processing of cannabis has been ongoing for centuries<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DeitchHemp03_3-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DeitchHemp03-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup>, it wasn't until 1896 that Wood <i>et al.<\/i> conducted one of the first documented chemical experiments to determine the constituents of cannabis. Several years later, the researchers were able to correctly identify the extracted and isolated cannabinol from the exuded resin of Indian hemp as C<sub>21<\/sub>H<sub>26<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WoodCann1899_45-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WoodCann1899-45\">[45]<\/a><\/sup> As of mid-2015, 104 of the more than 750 constituents of <i>Cannabis sativa<\/i> have been identified as cannabinoids<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RadwanIso15_46-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RadwanIso15-46\">[46]<\/a><\/sup>, \"a class of diverse chemical compounds that act on cannabinoid receptors in cells that modulate neurotransmitter release in the brain.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WHOTheHealth16_47-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WHOTheHealth16-47\">[47]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Yet in the United States, when it comes to 1. enacting the broad level of testing required to ensure public safety\u2014whether it be medical, recreational, or industrial use of cannabis\u2014and 2. researching and better understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (medical use and benefit) of cannabinoids in the human population, many have argued that laboratory testing of cannabis is still in its infancy<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HazekampCanna12_48-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HazekampCanna12-48\">[48]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BushWorlds15_49-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BushWorlds15-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RutschQuality15_50-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RutschQuality15-50\">[50]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalUnrav15_51-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalUnrav15-51\">[51]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CrombieMari16_52-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CrombieMari16-52\">[52]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_53-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalACloser16-53\">[53]<\/a><\/sup> and evidence-based research of marijuana continues to be slow and bogged down in regulation.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BajajHowThe14_34-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BajajHowThe14-34\">[34]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CheslerGov15_35-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CheslerGov15-35\">[35]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_36-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WeissTestimony16-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-JosephDEA16_37-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-JosephDEA16-37\">[37]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RudroffMari17_38-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RudroffMari17-38\">[38]<\/a><\/sup> In regards to the first issue, as some form of legalization continues to sweep across states, regulators, users, and industry are recognizing the need for improved standardization of the production and testing of medical and recreational marijuana; the current state of improper labeling and potentially harmful contaminants<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HazekampCanna12_48-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HazekampCanna12-48\">[48]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BushWorlds15_49-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BushWorlds15-49\">[49]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-RutschQuality15_50-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-RutschQuality15-50\">[50]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_53-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KuzdzalACloser16-53\">[53]<\/a><\/sup> will only serve to hinder the industry. To the second issue, in 2016 some within the federal government seemed to recognize the roadblocks to improved evidence-based research and began working to slowly improve how researchers can legally acquire and test marijuana in the U.S.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_36-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WeissTestimony16-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-JosephDEA16_37-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-JosephDEA16-37\">[37]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Romza-KutzTheSilver16_54-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Romza-KutzTheSilver16-54\">[54]<\/a><\/sup>, though those attempts have since been rebuffed by the Justice Department.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-GurmanMari18_39-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-GurmanMari18-39\">[39]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-Ordo.C3.B1ezTrump18_40-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-Ordo.C3.B1ezTrump18-40\">[40]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Regardless, an excerpt from the previously mentioned testimony of NIDA's Dr. Weiss illustrates the sentiment still felt by many researchers today:\n<\/p>\n<blockquote>The current state of the research on marijuana and its constituent cannabinoids suggests the potential for therapeutic value for a number of conditions; however, more evidence is needed before marijuana or cannabinoid products (beyond those already approved through the FDA) are ready for medical use. Promising preclinical findings do not always prove to be clinically relevant, and even fewer lead to new treatments. Moreover, clinical studies of sufficient quality to meet FDA standards for drug approval are currently lacking for most conditions. Among the factors that impact this research are the specific statutory requirements and treaty obligations that govern research on marijuana. NIH is working closely with the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and FDA to explore ways to streamline these processes to facilitate research.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_36-4\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WeissTestimony16-36\">[36]<\/a><\/sup><\/blockquote> \n<p>In the meantime, government entities such as the NIH and non-profits such as jCanna push forward with scientific conferences, summits, and roundtables that bring scientists and interested parties together to share existing knowledge and testing techniques.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-NIHMari16_55-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-NIHMari16-55\">[55]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-jCannaCSC19_56-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-jCannaCSC19-56\">[56]<\/a><\/sup> And at least some U.S. lawmakers are further talking about the issue of cannabis research, with an official hearing in January 2020 providing an opportunity to discuss the \"catch-22\" of regulation and medical research: \"Research is restricted because cannabis is currently considered a Schedule I drug under the Controlled Substances Act, yet more research would better determine if marijuana should be rescheduled or descheduled.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SmithUSHouse20_57-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SmithUSHouse20-57\">[57]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Other_areas_of_concern\">Other areas of concern<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>When examining the current state of the U.S. cannabis industry, it's important to note a few additional areas of concern that impact it, again tightly linked to federal regulations (which are discussed extensively in the next section): banking, advertising, and data management. Issues related to these topics continue to limit how state-based grow-ops, dispensaries, and testing laboratories are funded and operated. \n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Banking\">Banking<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Since the U.S. federal government still considers marijuana to be illegal, by extension banks and credit unions\u2014which are regulated by a patchwork collection of federal (and state) laws\u2014put themselves into potentially dangerous territory by accepting money from depositors engaging in federally illegal activities; the bank can be punished by federal institutions such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HillBanks15_58-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HillBanks15-58\">[58]<\/a><\/sup> In an attempt to ease the concerns of industry players as well as banks in states that had implemented legalization efforts, the Treasury Department's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) released a guidance document in February 2014 that \"does not grant immunity from prosecution or civil penalties to banks that serve legal marijuana businesses\" but rather \"directs prosecutors and regulators to give priority to cases only where financial institutions have failed to adhere to the guidance.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-KovaleskiUS14_59-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-KovaleskiUS14-59\">[59]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FinCEN_BSA14_60-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FinCEN_BSA14-60\">[60]<\/a><\/sup> However, the guidance has remained just that: guidance; it doesn't prevent federal law enforcement or regulating agencies from taking action. An August 2016 attempt to reclassify marijuana into a lower classification than Schedule I failed<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LegerMari16_21-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LegerMari16-21\">[21]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-JosephDEA16_37-3\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-JosephDEA16-37\">[37]<\/a><\/sup>, keeping the FinCEN guidance in place as a recommendation for how federal authorities should enforce existing law. \n<\/p><p>According to an Associated Press report in April 2016, the guidance has had some sort of impact, with banks and credit unions willing to handle any money associated with marijuana increasing from 51 in March 2014 to 301 in March 2016<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HansenBanking16_61-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HansenBanking16-61\">[61]<\/a><\/sup>, and up again to 411 in March 2018.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AngellMoreBanks18_62-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AngellMoreBanks18-62\">[62]<\/a><\/sup> However, this hasn't prevented those in states with newly minted medical and recreational marijuana legalization laws from being worried about how cannabis money will be handled, particularly with the Trump administration's wavering stance. California, which in November 2016 legalized recreational use of marijuana beginning in 2018, petitioned the administration to clarify its policy early on. \"We have a year to develop a system that works in California and which addresses the many issues that exist as a result of the federal-state legal conflict,\" wrote California Treasurer John Chiang to Trump. \"Uncertainty about the position of your administration creates even more of a challenge.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BloodCali16_63-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BloodCali16-63\">[63]<\/a><\/sup> An attempt by the state in the summer of 2018 (Senate Bill 930) to \"license privately financed banks that would issue checks to [cannabis-related] businesses to pay rent and state and local taxes and fees\" was rejected, complicating the matter further.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MyersCalif18_64-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MyersCalif18-64\">[64]<\/a><\/sup> However, California's Department of Business Oversight offered some minor respite in the fall of 2019 in the form of its Cannabis Banking Guidance, which \"offers a comprehensive compliance framework for [California's] financial institutions and demonstrates that there is momentum around finding a workable solution to effectively provide banking services to cannabis-related businesses.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BoomsteinCali19_65-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BoomsteinCali19-65\">[65]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Similar legalization changes in Massachusetts prompted its senator, Elizabeth Warren, along with nine other senators, to write to FinCEN in early 2017 requesting even clearer, more friendly guidance for marijuana vendors.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LeBlancUSSen17_66-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LeBlancUSSen17-66\">[66]<\/a><\/sup> Yet it remains to be seen if entities outside of grow-ops and dispensaries will see banking relief. In particular, testing laboratories continue to struggle with managing cash flow and acquiring bank lending for their operations<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LampachQA13_67-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LampachQA13-67\">[67]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MartinProfit16_68-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MartinProfit16-68\">[68]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-TulsiABright16_69-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-TulsiABright16-69\">[69]<\/a><\/sup>, causing some to believe consolidation of such labs will occur before the industry can really even take off.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-LampachQA13_67-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-LampachQA13-67\">[67]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DigiPathAUnique16_70-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DigiPathAUnique16-70\">[70]<\/a><\/sup> In early 2018, one of three testing laboratories in Alaska was forced to suspend its operations after Wells Fargo said it would foreclose on their space if they did not move out, demonstrating the continued difficulties and tensions laboratories are facing with banks.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APAlaska18_71-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APAlaska18-71\">[71]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>In September 2019, what was thought to the be the best chance to update cannabis banking regulation\u2014in the form of the Secure and Fair Enforcement (SAFE) Banking Act\u2014saw overwhelming approval in the U.S. House of Representatives. The SAFE Banking Act would prevent federal banking regulators from cancelling deposit insurance, penalizing banking institutions, and incentivizing a bank to not do business with cannabis businesses, among other actions. This would mean banks wouldn't see federal retaliation for complying with state-mandated cannabis law. However, the proposed legislation has since been held up in the Senate, primarily due to the efforts of Senate Banking Committee Chair Mike Crapo<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BoomsteinBurnt20_72-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BoomsteinBurnt20-72\">[72]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SchillerSAFE20_73-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SchillerSAFE20-73\">[73]<\/a><\/sup>, and the support of 12 other lawmakers.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-JaegerTwelve20_74-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-JaegerTwelve20-74\">[74]<\/a><\/sup> As of February 2020, it's not clear if Crapo and other Senators' opposition can be overcome to make the SAFE Banking Act federal law. News from February 25 indicated potential progress, noting that senators were \"close to finding common ground to getting everyone signed off to move this forward.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AdlinDeal20_75-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AdlinDeal20-75\">[75]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Advertising\">Advertising<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Advertising of marijuana products is another area of concern, though the regulations and laws regarding it are less clear. When it comes to television and radio broadcasting and its associated advertising, a federally granted broadcasting license stands to be lost, care of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The trouble is, it's not clear if the FCC would act against broadcasters; the FCC hasn't issued guidance in the same way FinCEN has. \"I don\u2019t think anybody knows, and that\u2019s the problem,\" said California Broadcasters Association President Joe Berry in an August 2016 report published by the The Sacramento Bee. \"Without a clear indication [from the FCC on marijuana advertising], the vast majority of broadcasters are going to stay away from this issue.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-WhiteIfCali16_76-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-WhiteIfCali16-76\">[76]<\/a><\/sup> California, of course, made recreational marijuana legal, and its proposed law sought to address the issue of advertising, including \"a provision restricting TV and radio ads so they are not targeted to minors,\" while also addressing the authority of the FCC to enforce regardless.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-McGreevyQA16_77-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-McGreevyQA16-77\">[77]<\/a><\/sup> Additional changes occurred in California in the form of Assembly Bill 2899, updating how licensees can and can not advertise cannabis and cannabis products.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MalsburyCali18_78-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MalsburyCali18-78\">[78]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Other forms of advertising also remain problematic. In late November 2015, the United States Postal Service (USPS) out of Portland, Oregon published its interpretation of federal law regarding \"mailpieces containing advertisements about marijuana,\" regarding it illegal to distribute certain forms of marijuana advertisement while citing 21 U.S. Code \u00a7 843(c).<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ReinThePot15_79-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ReinThePot15-79\">[79]<\/a><\/sup> The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) has, controversially, also gotten involved, stating that trademarking of a \"brand controlled substances or related paraphernalia that are illegal to possess or sell\" legally doesn't fit within a trademark's commercial viability because at the federal level marijuana is not legal for commerce.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-OxenfordAccepting16_80-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-OxenfordAccepting16-80\">[80]<\/a><\/sup> (Legal experts such as Dariush Adli suggest \"creative ways\" of getting around this, from registering trademarks in multiple states to registering \"non-cannabis merchandise in order to generate some federal protection for their mark.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AdliObtain16_81-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AdliObtain16-81\">[81]<\/a><\/sup>) Even billboards are an issue, with California's state lawmakers proposing new regulations on billboard-based marijuana advertising weeks after the state passed its recreational legalization laws.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-McGreevyPotAds16_82-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-McGreevyPotAds16-82\">[82]<\/a><\/sup> And state laws, such as those found in Alaska, can create their own set of challenges in staying legal with marijuana advertising.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AndrewsGaps16_83-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AndrewsGaps16-83\">[83]<\/a><\/sup> Even Canada, which legalized recreational use of marijuana in the fall of 2018, has strict advertising rules laid out by Health Canada, with harsh penalties for violators.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-CeccoHowDo18_84-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-CeccoHowDo18-84\">[84]<\/a><\/sup> This has resulted in some cannabis businesses seeking advertising loopholes; one such example can be found in the U.S. state of Colorado, where cannabis companies have taken to sponsoring highways through the state's Clean Colorado program.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-APPotShops20_85-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-APPotShops20-85\">[85]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Despite all this, at least one financial consultant believes marijuana marketing will become more prevalent: GreenWave Advisors' Matthew Karnes estimates spending will jump to $75 million by 2021.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-StilsonWhyMari17_86-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-StilsonWhyMari17-86\">[86]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Insurance\">Insurance<\/span><\/h4>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Jackson_Apple_Festival_(29831971922).jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"9e479ae019e7f18f83d74a2f6940d7f0\"><img alt=\"Jackson Apple Festival (29831971922).jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2d\/Jackson_Apple_Festival_%2829831971922%29.jpg\/250px-Jackson_Apple_Festival_%2829831971922%29.jpg\" width=\"250\" height=\"188\" \/><\/a><\/div>Insurance needs for cannabis businesses are being discussed more as the legalization effort continues to expand across the U.S. and other countries. In the U.S. at least, a number of factors have slowed these discussions given the plant's illegal federal status, including limited data on its health impacts, the losses associated with running such businesses, and a lack of understanding the appropriate claims milestones to use. This lack of data and initial hesitance has resulted in overall caution by the insurance industry, issuing mostly basic policies with insufficient coverage.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AmWINSFromSeed19_87-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AmWINSFromSeed19-87\">[87]<\/a><\/sup> These fears\u2014including the fear of prosecution for providing services to cannabis businesses\u2014aren't limited to the U.S. either, with, for example, concerns that the Proceeds of Crime Act (POCA) in the U.K. will expose financial and insurance businesses to prosecution.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BoldenFinancial20_88-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BoldenFinancial20-88\">[88]<\/a><\/sup> Other issues and risks viewed by the industry include<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AmWINSFromSeed19_87-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AmWINSFromSeed19-87\">[87]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BoldenFinancial20_88-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BoldenFinancial20-88\">[88]<\/a><\/sup>:\n<ul><li> With health risks not fully understood, extensive litigation including class action lawsuits may ensue should cannabis users become unexpectedly ill or disabled due to unstated risks by the vendor.<\/li>\n<li> Transportation of cannabis and related equipment across various borders where it's legal in some places but not others may result in the risk of seizures and losses.<\/li>\n<li> Uncertainty remains about intellectual property law and banking, making it more difficult to produce relevant policies that help protect against theft and loss of proprietary information, product, and cash.<\/li>\n<li> Hemp-derived CBD and its legality is still a gray area, at least in the U.S., though hemp is legal, making it more difficult to separate out related risks in cannabis insurance policies.<\/li>\n<li> Vape pens and e-cigarettes used for cannabis consumption have so far carried some health hazards and risks with them, forcing many insurance carriers to exclude coverage for such products. <\/li>\n<li> Outdoor crop coverage is scarce and multi-state distribution coverage policies don't exist.<\/li>\n<li> Professional liability insurance for testing laboratories and dispensaries is still a growing area that requires more data and risk consideration, with some specific coverage such as \"slip and fall\" protection not able to be honored due to Schedule I substance exclusions in general liability policies.<\/li><\/ul>\n<h4><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"Data_management\">Data management<\/span><\/h4>\n<p>As previously mentioned, in the fall of 2018, Canada legalized the purchase, growth, and consumption of marijuana in small amounts across the country.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PorterCanada18_12-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PorterCanada18-12\">[12]<\/a><\/sup> Ahead of and after the official date of legalization, concerns were being raised about the protection of Canadian cannabis consumers' personally identifiable information (PII)<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-StollerLegal18_89-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-StollerLegal18-89\">[89]<\/a><\/sup>, particularly in regards to data processed and stored in the United States.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BlinchHowPriv18_90-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BlinchHowPriv18-90\">[90]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DeloitteASociety18_91-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DeloitteASociety18-91\">[91]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MooreCova18_92-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MooreCova18-92\">[92]<\/a><\/sup> In truth, comparisons of Canada's privacy laws with those of the United States existed well before the vote, with resources such as FindLaw detailing risks to any Canadian data transferred to the United States.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FLCanada04_93-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FLCanada04-93\">[93]<\/a><\/sup> However, concerns grew that Ontario's mandated use of the e-commerce platform Shopify (until private retail outlets opened in April 2019) would put Canadian cannabis consumers' data at risk.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-BlinchHowPriv18_90-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-BlinchHowPriv18-90\">[90]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-AbrahamCannabis18_94-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-AbrahamCannabis18-94\">[94]<\/a><\/sup> In particular, Canadian consumers remain worried that if their purchase history becomes available to United States government officials, who function in an environment of criminalization of cannabis use, they will not be allowed entry into the U.S. at minimum, or be treated as criminals upon attempting entry at worst. As such, some developers of cannabis data management software\u2014such as Cova Software\u2014have publicly acknowledged that any cannabis retail data for Canadian customers will remain in Canada \"over and above the current legal requirements.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MooreCova18_92-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MooreCova18-92\">[92]<\/a><\/sup> Yet even with data providers' intentions to follow Canadian privacy rules and recommendations, data breaches still occur, as happened with the Canada Post in November 2018.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-StollerLegal18_89-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-StollerLegal18-89\">[89]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PerkelCanadaPost18_95-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PerkelCanadaPost18-95\">[95]<\/a><\/sup>, further emphasizing the need for strict protocols and protections for cannabis consumer data.\n<\/p><p>In the United States, despite cannabis' federal prohibition, many states have been taking on various levels of legalization of cannabis. As Rachel Hutchinson of Foley Hoag LLP noted in March 2017, much like Canada, \"[l]egalization has led to increased oversight and monitoring, as well as to the collection and storage of personally identifiable information ... [and the] threat of a federal crackdown leaves most customers resistant to creating any sort of paper trail.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-HutchinsonMari17_96-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-HutchinsonMari17-96\">[96]<\/a><\/sup> In this sort of environment, where federal threats still exist, a patchwork collection of state-based laws have sprung up, including Oregon's Senate Bill 863, which prevents retailers of recreational cannabis from collecting and sharing customers' PII.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-MarumSmoke17_97-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-MarumSmoke17-97\">[97]<\/a><\/sup> California has also implemented a variation of this type of protection for both recreational and medical cannabis consumers.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-SherryClient18_98-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-SherryClient18-98\">[98]<\/a><\/sup> Of note is California's classification of medical marijuana identification cards as \"medical information,\" which lends additional credence to the idea that medical marijuana consumers' PII held in dispensaries should be protected by U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-DroletCannabis17_99-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-DroletCannabis17-99\">[99]<\/a><\/sup> However, without a unified policy and legal framework for cannabis use and its associated data, its difficult to foresee what future data collection and privacy regulations will look like in the United States. Despite this, some software development companies are betting on further demand for privacy of PII with the development of \"personal privacy and HIPAA complaint cannabis consumer transaction solution[s].\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-PRNewswireUSMJ18_100-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-PRNewswireUSMJ18-100\">[100]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p>Additionally, like Canada, concerns still abound concerning data privacy in the United States. Companies such as THSuite, LLC have already been found to inadvertently expose sensitive personal data\u2014and possible even protected health information (PHI)\u2014from multiple U.S. cannabis dispensaries, potentially violating HIPAA regulations.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FawkesReportCanna20_101-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FawkesReportCanna20-101\">[101]<\/a><\/sup><sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ShaghaghiLeak20_102-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ShaghaghiLeak20-102\">[102]<\/a><\/sup> As the anonymous author of the original report concerning THSuite points out, \"most legal experts agree that dispensaries must follow HIPAA regulations just like any other health care provider,\" and even in a realm without legal risk, exposed data could mean \"individuals may suffer backlash if their families, friends, and colleagues find out that they use cannabis.\"<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-FawkesReportCanna20_101-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-FawkesReportCanna20-101\">[101]<\/a><\/sup> Again, these issues firmly fall at the feet of the main problem of not having unified cannabis legislation, let alone not having a federally recognized legalized status of cannabis. With the unclear and mismatched state of law regarding cannabis user data protection, the onus still remain firmly with software developers and data managers in regards to thoroughly testing software and implementing (as well as enforcing) stricter controls such as encryption, intrusion detection, and authentication mechanisms.<sup id=\"rdp-ebb-cite_ref-ShaghaghiLeak20_102-1\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-ShaghaghiLeak20-102\">[102]<\/a><\/sup>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"mw-headline\" id=\"References\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist references-column-width\" style=\"-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-GRINCannabis11-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-GRINCannabis11_1-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/npgsweb.ars-grin.gov\/gringlobal\/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=2034\">\"Genus: Cannabis L.\"<\/a>. <i>U.S. National Plant Germplasm System<\/i>. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 01 January 2011<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/npgsweb.ars-grin.gov\/gringlobal\/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=2034\">https:\/\/npgsweb.ars-grin.gov\/gringlobal\/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=2034<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 20 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Genus%3A+Cannabis+L.&rft.atitle=U.S.+National+Plant+Germplasm+System&rft.date=01+January+2011&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Agriculture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgsweb.ars-grin.gov%2Fgringlobal%2Ftaxonomygenus.aspx%3Fid%3D2034&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SwansonControlled15-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SwansonControlled15_2-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Swanson, T.E. (2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/law.und.edu\/_files\/docs\/ndlr\/pdf\/issues\/90\/3\/90ndlr599.pdf\">\"Controlled Substances Chaos: The Department of Justice's New Policy Position on Marijuana and What It Means for Industrial Hemp Farming in North Dakota\"<\/a> (PDF). <i>North Dakota Law Review<\/i> <b>90<\/b> (3): 599\u2013622<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/law.und.edu\/_files\/docs\/ndlr\/pdf\/issues\/90\/3\/90ndlr599.pdf\">https:\/\/law.und.edu\/_files\/docs\/ndlr\/pdf\/issues\/90\/3\/90ndlr599.pdf<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Controlled+Substances+Chaos%3A+The+Department+of+Justice%27s+New+Policy+Position+on+Marijuana+and+What+It+Means+for+Industrial+Hemp+Farming+in+North+Dakota&rft.jtitle=North+Dakota+Law+Review&rft.aulast=Swanson%2C+T.E.&rft.au=Swanson%2C+T.E.&rft.date=2015&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=599%E2%80%93622&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.und.edu%2F_files%2Fdocs%2Fndlr%2Fpdf%2Fissues%2F90%2F3%2F90ndlr599.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-DeitchHemp03-3\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-DeitchHemp03_3-0\">3.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-DeitchHemp03_3-1\">3.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-DeitchHemp03_3-2\">3.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-DeitchHemp03_3-3\">3.3<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation book\">Deitch, R. (2003). <i>Hemp \u2013 American History Revisited<\/i>. New York City: Algora Publishing. pp. 232. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" data-key=\"f64947ba21e884434bd70e8d9e60bae6\">ISBN<\/a> 9780875862262.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hemp+%E2%80%93+American+History+Revisited&rft.aulast=Deitch%2C+R.&rft.au=Deitch%2C+R.&rft.date=2003&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B232&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft.isbn=9780875862262&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-BaccaWhat14-4\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-BaccaWhat14_4-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Bacca, A. (05 June 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/drugs\/whats-difference-between-hemp-and-marijuana\">\"What's the Difference Between Hemp and Marijuana?\"<\/a>. <i>Alternet<\/i>. Independent Media Institute<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/drugs\/whats-difference-between-hemp-and-marijuana\">http:\/\/www.alternet.org\/drugs\/whats-difference-between-hemp-and-marijuana<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 10 April 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=What%27s+the+Difference+Between+Hemp+and+Marijuana%3F&rft.atitle=Alternet&rft.aulast=Bacca%2C+A.&rft.au=Bacca%2C+A.&rft.date=05+June+2015&rft.pub=Independent+Media+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alternet.org%2Fdrugs%2Fwhats-difference-between-hemp-and-marijuana&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-ThompsonTheMyst13-5\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-ThompsonTheMyst13_5-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Thompson, M. (22 July 2013). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/codeswitch\/2013\/07\/14\/201981025\/the-mysterious-history-of-marijuana\">\"The Mysterious History Of 'Marijuana'\"<\/a>. <i>NPR<\/i>. National Public Radio<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/codeswitch\/2013\/07\/14\/201981025\/the-mysterious-history-of-marijuana\">http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/codeswitch\/2013\/07\/14\/201981025\/the-mysterious-history-of-marijuana<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 10 April 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=The+Mysterious+History+Of+%27Marijuana%27&rft.atitle=NPR&rft.aulast=Thompson%2C+M.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+M.&rft.date=22+July+2013&rft.pub=National+Public+Radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fcodeswitch%2F2013%2F07%2F14%2F201981025%2Fthe-mysterious-history-of-marijuana&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Senate1860-6\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Senate1860_6-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">U.S. Senate (15 February 1860). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1860\/02\/16\/news\/senate-88150825.html\">\"Senate\"<\/a>. <i>The New York Times<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1860\/02\/16\/news\/senate-88150825.html\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1860\/02\/16\/news\/senate-88150825.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 20 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Senate&rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.aulast=U.S.+Senate&rft.au=U.S.+Senate&rft.date=15+February+1860&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1860%2F02%2F16%2Fnews%2Fsenate-88150825.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WaltonMari38-7\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-WaltonMari38_7-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation book\">Walton, R.F. (1938). <i>Marijuana, America\u2019s New Drug Problem<\/i>. Philadelphia: B. Lippincott. p. 37.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marijuana%2C+America%E2%80%99s+New+Drug+Problem&rft.aulast=Walton%2C+R.F.&rft.au=Walton%2C+R.F.&rft.date=1938&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B37&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=B.+Lippincott&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WoodwardTax37-8\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-WoodwardTax37_8-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Woodward, W.C.; House of Representatives, Committee on Ways and Means (04 May 1937). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.druglibrary.org\/schaffer\/hemp\/taxact\/woodward.htm\">\"Taxation of Marihuana\"<\/a>. <i>Schaffer Library of Drug Policy<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.druglibrary.org\/schaffer\/hemp\/taxact\/woodward.htm\">http:\/\/www.druglibrary.org\/schaffer\/hemp\/taxact\/woodward.htm<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 20 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Taxation+of+Marihuana&rft.atitle=Schaffer+Library+of+Drug+Policy&rft.aulast=Woodward%2C+W.C.%3B+House+of+Representatives%2C+Committee+on+Ways+and+Means&rft.au=Woodward%2C+W.C.%3B+House+of+Representatives%2C+Committee+on+Ways+and+Means&rft.date=04+May+1937&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.druglibrary.org%2Fschaffer%2Fhemp%2Ftaxact%2Fwoodward.htm&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CaversTheFood39-9\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CaversTheFood39_9-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Cavers, D.F. (1939). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/scholarship.law.duke.edu\/lcp\/vol6\/iss1\/2\/\">\"The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938: Its Legislative History and its Substantive Provisions\"<\/a>. <i>Law and Contemporary Problems<\/i> <b>6<\/b>: 2\u201342<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/scholarship.law.duke.edu\/lcp\/vol6\/iss1\/2\/\">http:\/\/scholarship.law.duke.edu\/lcp\/vol6\/iss1\/2\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Food%2C+Drug%2C+and+Cosmetic+Act+of+1938%3A+Its+Legislative+History+and+its+Substantive+Provisions&rft.jtitle=Law+and+Contemporary+Problems&rft.aulast=Cavers%2C+D.F.&rft.au=Cavers%2C+D.F.&rft.date=1939&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=2%E2%80%9342&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.duke.edu%2Flcp%2Fvol6%2Fiss1%2F2%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-MeierPolitics16-10\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-MeierPolitics16_10-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation book\">Meier, K.J. (2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=J4wYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT58\"><i>The Politics of Sin: Drugs, Alcohol and Public Policy: Drugs, Alcohol and Public Policy<\/i><\/a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 58. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" data-key=\"f64947ba21e884434bd70e8d9e60bae6\">ISBN<\/a> 9781315287270<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=J4wYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT58\">https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=J4wYDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT58<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Sin%3A+Drugs%2C+Alcohol+and+Public+Policy%3A+Drugs%2C+Alcohol+and+Public+Policy&rft.aulast=Meier%2C+K.J.&rft.au=Meier%2C+K.J.&rft.date=2016&rft.pages=p.%26nbsp%3B58&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.isbn=9781315287270&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ4wYDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT58&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-BerkeMichigan18-11\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BerkeMichigan18_11-0\">11.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BerkeMichigan18_11-1\">11.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Berke, J.; Gal, S.; Lee, Y.J. (06 January 2021). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/legal-marijuana-states-2018-1\">\"All the states where marijuana is legal \u2014 and 5 more that voted to legalize it in November\"<\/a>. <i>Business Insider<\/i>. Insider, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/legal-marijuana-states-2018-1\">https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/legal-marijuana-states-2018-1<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 07 January 2021<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=All+the+states+where+marijuana+is+legal+%E2%80%94+and+5+more+that+voted+to+legalize+it+in+November&rft.atitle=Business+Insider&rft.aulast=Berke%2C+J.%3B+Gal%2C+S.%3B+Lee%2C+Y.J.&rft.au=Berke%2C+J.%3B+Gal%2C+S.%3B+Lee%2C+Y.J.&rft.date=06+January+2021&rft.pub=Insider%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Flegal-marijuana-states-2018-1&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-PorterCanada18-12\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-PorterCanada18_12-0\">12.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-PorterCanada18_12-1\">12.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Porter, C. (11 November 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/11\/world\/canada\/marijuana-legalization-teenagers.html\">\"Canada\u2019s Message to Teenagers: Marijuana Is Legal Now. Please Don\u2019t Smoke It\"<\/a>. <i>The New York Times<\/i>. The New York Times Company<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/11\/world\/canada\/marijuana-legalization-teenagers.html\">https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/11\/11\/world\/canada\/marijuana-legalization-teenagers.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 13 November 2018<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Canada%E2%80%99s+Message+to+Teenagers%3A+Marijuana+Is+Legal+Now.+Please+Don%E2%80%99t+Smoke+It&rft.atitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.aulast=Porter%2C+C.&rft.au=Porter%2C+C.&rft.date=11+November+2018&rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F11%2F11%2Fworld%2Fcanada%2Fmarijuana-legalization-teenagers.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-TimmonsMexico18-13\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-TimmonsMexico18_13-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Timmons, P. (31 October 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Mexicos-Supreme-Court-legalizes-cannabis-for-recreational-use\/9621541024238\/\">\"Mexico's Supreme Court legalizes cannabis for recreational use\"<\/a>. <i>UPI<\/i>. United Press International, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Mexicos-Supreme-Court-legalizes-cannabis-for-recreational-use\/9621541024238\/\">https:\/\/www.upi.com\/Mexicos-Supreme-Court-legalizes-cannabis-for-recreational-use\/9621541024238\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 13 November 2018<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Mexico%27s+Supreme+Court+legalizes+cannabis+for+recreational+use&rft.atitle=UPI&rft.aulast=Timmons%2C+P.&rft.au=Timmons%2C+P.&rft.date=31+October+2018&rft.pub=United+Press+International%2C+Inc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FMexicos-Supreme-Court-legalizes-cannabis-for-recreational-use%2F9621541024238%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WilliamsNews19-14\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-WilliamsNews19_14-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Williams, S. (16 November 2019). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fool.com\/investing\/2019\/11\/16\/news-flash-recreational-marijuana-in-mexico-is-goi.aspx\">\"News Flash: Recreational Marijuana in Mexico Is Going to Have to Wait\"<\/a>. <i>The Motley Fool<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fool.com\/investing\/2019\/11\/16\/news-flash-recreational-marijuana-in-mexico-is-goi.aspx\">https:\/\/www.fool.com\/investing\/2019\/11\/16\/news-flash-recreational-marijuana-in-mexico-is-goi.aspx<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 18 February 2020<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=News+Flash%3A+Recreational+Marijuana+in+Mexico+Is+Going+to+Have+to+Wait&rft.atitle=The+Motley+Fool&rft.aulast=Williams%2C+S.&rft.au=Williams%2C+S.&rft.date=16+November+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fool.com%2Finvesting%2F2019%2F11%2F16%2Fnews-flash-recreational-marijuana-in-mexico-is-goi.aspx&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-NCSLState18-15\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-NCSLState18_15-0\">15.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-NCSLState18_15-1\">15.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/agriculture-and-rural-development\/state-industrial-hemp-statutes.aspx\">\"State Industrial Hemp Statuses\"<\/a>. National Conference of State Legislatures. 02 August 2019<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/agriculture-and-rural-development\/state-industrial-hemp-statutes.aspx\">http:\/\/www.ncsl.org\/research\/agriculture-and-rural-development\/state-industrial-hemp-statutes.aspx<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(14 December 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/fixgov\/2018\/12\/14\/the-farm-bill-hemp-and-cbd-explainer\/\">\"The Farm Bill, hemp legalization and the status of CBD: An explainer\"<\/a>. <i>FIXGOV<\/i>. The Brookings Institution<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/fixgov\/2018\/12\/14\/the-farm-bill-hemp-and-cbd-explainer\/\">https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/fixgov\/2018\/12\/14\/the-farm-bill-hemp-and-cbd-explainer\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Retrieved 18 February 2020<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=World+Drug+Report+2019%3A+Global+Overview+of+Drug+Demand+and+Supply&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime&rft.au=United+Nations+Office+on+Drugs+and+Crime&rft.date=June+2019&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.isbn=9789210041744&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwdr.unodc.org%2Fwdr2019%2Fprelaunch%2FWDR19_Booklet_2_DRUG_DEMAND.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SAMHSAResults16-27\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SAMHSAResults16_27-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (August 2019). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/cbhsq-reports\/NSDUHDetailedTabs2018R2\/NSDUHDetailedTabs2018.pdf\">\"Results from The 2018 National Survey on Drug Use And Health: Detailed Tables\"<\/a>. In RTI International (PDF). p. 157<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/cbhsq-reports\/NSDUHDetailedTabs2018R2\/NSDUHDetailedTabs2018.pdf\">https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/cbhsq-reports\/NSDUHDetailedTabs2018R2\/NSDUHDetailedTabs2018.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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ProCon.org. 17 May 2018<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/medicalmarijuana.procon.org\/view.resource.php?resourceID=005889\">https:\/\/medicalmarijuana.procon.org\/view.resource.php?resourceID=005889<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 13 November 2018<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Number+of+Legal+Medical+Marijuana+Patients+%28as+of+May+17%2C+2018%29&rft.atitle=&rft.date=17+May+2018&rft.pub=ProCon.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedicalmarijuana.procon.org%2Fview.resource.php%3FresourceID%3D005889&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-RabkinDrug99-29\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-RabkinDrug99_29-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation book\">Rabkin, N.J. (July 1999). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ZvzBdlolKrQC&pg=PA16\"><i>Drug Control: DEA's Strategies and Operations in the 1990s<\/i><\/a>. U.S. General Accounting Office. pp. 172. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" data-key=\"f64947ba21e884434bd70e8d9e60bae6\">ISBN<\/a> 9780788184833<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ZvzBdlolKrQC&pg=PA16\">https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=ZvzBdlolKrQC&pg=PA16<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Drug+Control%3A+DEA%27s+Strategies+and+Operations+in+the+1990s&rft.aulast=Rabkin%2C+N.J.&rft.au=Rabkin%2C+N.J.&rft.date=July+1999&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B172&rft.pub=U.S.+General+Accounting+Office&rft.isbn=9780788184833&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZvzBdlolKrQC%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-HasinMedical15-30\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-HasinMedical15_30-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Hasin, D.S.; Wall, M.; Keyes, K.M. et al. (2015). \"Medical marijuana laws and adolescent marijuana use in the USA from 1991 to 2014: Results from annual, repeated cross-sectional surveys\". <i>The Lancet Psychiatry<\/i> <b>2<\/b> (7): 601\u2013608. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016%2FS2215-0366%2815%2900217-5\">10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00217-5<\/a>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Medical+marijuana+laws+and+adolescent+marijuana+use+in+the+USA+from+1991+to+2014%3A+Results+from+annual%2C+repeated+cross-sectional+surveys&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet+Psychiatry&rft.aulast=Hasin%2C+D.S.%3B+Wall%2C+M.%3B+Keyes%2C+K.M.+et+al.&rft.au=Hasin%2C+D.S.%3B+Wall%2C+M.%3B+Keyes%2C+K.M.+et+al.&rft.date=2015&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=601%E2%80%93608&rft_id=info:doi\/10.1016%2FS2215-0366%2815%2900217-5&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WallAdol11-31\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-WallAdol11_31-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Wall, M.M.; Poh, E.; Cerd\u00e1, M. (2011). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC3358137\">\"Adolescent Marijuana Use from 2002 to 2008: Higher in States with Medical Marijuana Laws, Cause Still Unclear\"<\/a>. <i>Annals of Epidemiology<\/i> <b>21<\/b> (9): 714\u2013716. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.annepidem.2011.06.001\">10.1016\/j.annepidem.2011.06.001<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Central\" data-key=\"c85bdffd69dd30e02024b9cc3d7679e2\">PMC<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC3358137\">PMC3358137<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" data-key=\"1d34e999f13d8801964a6b3e9d7b4e30\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/21820632\">21820632<\/a><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC3358137\">http:\/\/www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov\/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=PMC3358137<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Adolescent+Marijuana+Use+from+2002+to+2008%3A+Higher+in+States+with+Medical+Marijuana+Laws%2C+Cause+Still+Unclear&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.aulast=Wall%2C+M.M.%3B+Poh%2C+E.%3B+Cerd%C3%A1%2C+M.&rft.au=Wall%2C+M.M.%3B+Poh%2C+E.%3B+Cerd%C3%A1%2C+M.&rft.date=2011&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=714%E2%80%93716&rft_id=info:doi\/10.1016%2Fj.annepidem.2011.06.001&rft_id=info:pmc\/PMC3358137&rft_id=info:pmid\/21820632&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pubmedcentral.nih.gov%2Farticlerender.fcgi%3Ftool%3Dpmcentrez%26artid%3DPMC3358137&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-HarperDoMed12-32\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-HarperDoMed12_32-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Harper, S.; Strumpf, E.C.; Kaufman, J.S. (2012). \"Do Medical Marijuana Laws Increase Marijuana Use? Replication Study and Extension\". <i>Annals of Epidemiology<\/i> <b>22<\/b> (3): 207\u2013212. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016%2Fj.annepidem.2011.12.002\">10.1016\/j.annepidem.2011.12.002<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" data-key=\"1d34e999f13d8801964a6b3e9d7b4e30\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22285867\">22285867<\/a>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Do+Medical+Marijuana+Laws+Increase+Marijuana+Use%3F+Replication+Study+and+Extension&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.aulast=Harper%2C+S.%3B+Strumpf%2C+E.C.%3B+Kaufman%2C+J.S.&rft.au=Harper%2C+S.%3B+Strumpf%2C+E.C.%3B+Kaufman%2C+J.S.&rft.date=2012&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=207%E2%80%93212&rft_id=info:doi\/10.1016%2Fj.annepidem.2011.12.002&rft_id=info:pmid\/22285867&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-GPO21USC812-33\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-GPO21USC812_33-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title21\/html\/USCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm\">\"\u00a7812. Schedules of controlled substances\"<\/a>. <i>United States Code<\/i>. U.S. Government Publishing Office. 03 January 2012<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title21\/html\/USCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm\">https:\/\/www.gpo.gov\/fdsys\/pkg\/USCODE-2011-title21\/html\/USCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 27 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%C2%A7812.+Schedules+of+controlled+substances&rft.atitle=United+States+Code&rft.date=03+January+2012&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Publishing+Office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FUSCODE-2011-title21%2Fhtml%2FUSCODE-2011-title21-chap13-subchapI-partB-sec812.htm&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-BajajHowThe14-34\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BajajHowThe14_34-0\">34.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BajajHowThe14_34-1\">34.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Bajaj, V. (30 July 2014). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/takingnote.blogs.nytimes.com\/2014\/07\/30\/how-the-federal-government-slows-marijuana-research\/\">\"How the Federal Government Slows Marijuana Research\"<\/a>. <i>Taking Note: The New York Times<\/i>. The New York Times Company<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/takingnote.blogs.nytimes.com\/2014\/07\/30\/how-the-federal-government-slows-marijuana-research\/\">https:\/\/takingnote.blogs.nytimes.com\/2014\/07\/30\/how-the-federal-government-slows-marijuana-research\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=How+the+Federal+Government+Slows+Marijuana+Research&rft.atitle=Taking+Note%3A+The+New+York+Times&rft.aulast=Bajaj%2C+V.&rft.au=Bajaj%2C+V.&rft.date=30+July+2014&rft.pub=The+New+York+Times+Company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftakingnote.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F07%2F30%2Fhow-the-federal-government-slows-marijuana-research%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CheslerGov15-35\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CheslerGov15_35-0\">35.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-CheslerGov15_35-1\">35.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Chesler, J.; Ard, A. (15 August 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/weedrush.news21.com\/government-restrictions-lack-of-funding-slow-progress-on-medical-marijuana-research\/\">\"Government restrictions, lack of funding slow progress on medical marijuana research\"<\/a>. <i>News21: America's Weed Rush<\/i>. Carnegie Corporation of New York; John S. and James L. Knight Foundation<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/weedrush.news21.com\/government-restrictions-lack-of-funding-slow-progress-on-medical-marijuana-research\/\">http:\/\/weedrush.news21.com\/government-restrictions-lack-of-funding-slow-progress-on-medical-marijuana-research\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Government+restrictions%2C+lack+of+funding+slow+progress+on+medical+marijuana+research&rft.atitle=News21%3A+America%27s+Weed+Rush&rft.aulast=Chesler%2C+J.%3B+Ard%2C+A.&rft.au=Chesler%2C+J.%3B+Ard%2C+A.&rft.date=15+August+2015&rft.pub=Carnegie+Corporation+of+New+York%3B+John+S.+and+James+L.+Knight+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweedrush.news21.com%2Fgovernment-restrictions-lack-of-funding-slow-progress-on-medical-marijuana-research%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-WeissTestimony16-36\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_36-0\">36.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_36-1\">36.1<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_36-2\">36.2<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_36-3\">36.3<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-WeissTestimony16_36-4\">36.4<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Weiss, S.R.B. (13 July 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170504180135\/https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/agencies\/asl\/testimony\/2016-09\/the-state-of-the-science-on-the-therapeutic-potential-of-marijuana-and-cannabinoids\/index.html\">\"Testimony from Susan R.B. Weiss, Ph.D. on The State of the Science on the Therapeutic Potential of Marijuana and Cannabinoids before Judiciary Committee\"<\/a>. <i>ASL Testimony<\/i>. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Archived from <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/agencies\/asl\/testimony\/2016-09\/the-state-of-the-science-on-the-therapeutic-potential-of-marijuana-and-cannabinoids\/index.html\">the original<\/a> on 04 May 2017<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170504180135\/https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/agencies\/asl\/testimony\/2016-09\/the-state-of-the-science-on-the-therapeutic-potential-of-marijuana-and-cannabinoids\/index.html\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170504180135\/https:\/\/www.hhs.gov\/about\/agencies\/asl\/testimony\/2016-09\/the-state-of-the-science-on-the-therapeutic-potential-of-marijuana-and-cannabinoids\/index.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(10 August 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2016\/08\/10\/marijuana-medical-research-dea\/\">\"DEA decision keeps major restrictions in place on marijuana research\"<\/a>. <i>STAT<\/i>. Boston Globe Media<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2016\/08\/10\/marijuana-medical-research-dea\/\">https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2016\/08\/10\/marijuana-medical-research-dea\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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(08 September 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/marijuana-research-applications-go-nowhere-at-justice-department-1536404401\">\"Marijuana-Research Applications Go Nowhere at Justice Department\"<\/a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal<\/i>. Dow Jones & Company, Inc<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/marijuana-research-applications-go-nowhere-at-justice-department-1536404401\">https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/marijuana-research-applications-go-nowhere-at-justice-department-1536404401<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Hall, W.; Renstr\u00f6m, M.; Poznyak, V. ed. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/publications\/cannabis\/en\/\"><i>The health and social effects of nonmedical cannabis use<\/i><\/a>. World Health Organization. pp. 95. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\" data-key=\"f64947ba21e884434bd70e8d9e60bae6\">ISBN<\/a> 978921510240<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/publications\/cannabis\/en\/\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/publications\/cannabis\/en\/<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+health+and+social+effects+of+nonmedical+cannabis+use&rft.aulast=World+Health+Organization&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft.date=2016&rft.pages=pp.%26nbsp%3B95&rft.pub=World+Health+Organization&rft.isbn=978921510240&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fsubstance_abuse%2Fpublications%2Fcannabis%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-HazekampCanna12-48\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-HazekampCanna12_48-0\">48.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-HazekampCanna12_48-1\">48.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Hazekamp, A.; Fischedick, J.T. (2012). \"Cannabis - from cultivar to chemovar\". <i>Drug Testing and Analysis<\/i> <b>4<\/b> (7\u20138): 660\u20137. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\" data-key=\"ae6d69c760ab710abc2dd89f3937d2f4\">doi<\/a>:<a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002%2Fdta.407\">10.1002\/dta.407<\/a>. <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text wiki-link\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/PubMed_Identifier\" data-key=\"1d34e999f13d8801964a6b3e9d7b4e30\">PMID<\/a> <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22362625\">22362625<\/a>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cannabis+-+from+cultivar+to+chemovar&rft.jtitle=Drug+Testing+and+Analysis&rft.aulast=Hazekamp%2C+A.%3B+Fischedick%2C+J.T.&rft.au=Hazekamp%2C+A.%3B+Fischedick%2C+J.T.&rft.date=2012&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=7%E2%80%938&rft.pages=660%E2%80%937&rft_id=info:doi\/10.1002%2Fdta.407&rft_id=info:pmid\/22362625&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-BushWorlds15-49\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BushWorlds15_49-0\">49.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-BushWorlds15_49-1\">49.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Bush, E. (18 February 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/seattle-news\/worldrsquos-strongest-weed-potency-testing-challenged\/\">\"World\u2019s strongest weed? Potency testing challenged\"<\/a>. <i>The Seattle Times<\/i>. The Seattle Times Company<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/seattle-news\/worldrsquos-strongest-weed-potency-testing-challenged\/\">http:\/\/www.seattletimes.com\/seattle-news\/worldrsquos-strongest-weed-potency-testing-challenged\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=World%E2%80%99s+strongest+weed%3F+Potency+testing+challenged&rft.atitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.aulast=Bush%2C+E.&rft.au=Bush%2C+E.&rft.date=18+February+2015&rft.pub=The+Seattle+Times+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattletimes.com%2Fseattle-news%2Fworldrsquos-strongest-weed-potency-testing-challenged%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-RutschQuality15-50\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-RutschQuality15_50-0\">50.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-RutschQuality15_50-1\">50.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Rutsch, P. (24 March 2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2015\/03\/24\/395065699\/quality-testing-legal-marijuana-strong-but-not-always-clean\">\"Quality-Testing Legal Marijuana: Strong But Not Always Clean\"<\/a>. <i>Shots<\/i>. National Public Radio<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2015\/03\/24\/395065699\/quality-testing-legal-marijuana-strong-but-not-always-clean\">http:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/health-shots\/2015\/03\/24\/395065699\/quality-testing-legal-marijuana-strong-but-not-always-clean<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Quality-Testing+Legal+Marijuana%3A+Strong+But+Not+Always+Clean&rft.atitle=Shots&rft.aulast=Rutsch%2C+P.&rft.au=Rutsch%2C+P.&rft.date=24+March+2015&rft.pub=National+Public+Radio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fhealth-shots%2F2015%2F03%2F24%2F395065699%2Fquality-testing-legal-marijuana-strong-but-not-always-clean&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-KuzdzalUnrav15-51\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-KuzdzalUnrav15_51-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation Journal\">Kuzdzal, S.; Lipps, W. (2015). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/theanalyticalscientist.com\/issues\/0915\/unraveling-the-cannabinome\/\">\"Unraveling the Cannabinome\"<\/a>. <i>The Analytical Scientist<\/i> (0915)<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/theanalyticalscientist.com\/issues\/0915\/unraveling-the-cannabinome\/\">https:\/\/theanalyticalscientist.com\/issues\/0915\/unraveling-the-cannabinome\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 19 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Unraveling+the+Cannabinome&rft.jtitle=The+Analytical+Scientist&rft.aulast=Kuzdzal%2C+S.%3B+Lipps%2C+W.&rft.au=Kuzdzal%2C+S.%3B+Lipps%2C+W.&rft.date=2015&rft.issue=0915&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheanalyticalscientist.com%2Fissues%2F0915%2Funraveling-the-cannabinome%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-CrombieMari16-52\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-CrombieMari16_52-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Crombie, N. (25 July 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oregonlive.com\/marijuana\/index.ssf\/2016\/07\/marijuana_labs_prepping_for_st.html\">\"Marijuana labs prepping for regulation and oversight; no lab licenses issued yet\"<\/a>. <i>The Oregonian<\/i>. Oregon Live LLC<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.oregonlive.com\/marijuana\/index.ssf\/2016\/07\/marijuana_labs_prepping_for_st.html\">http:\/\/www.oregonlive.com\/marijuana\/index.ssf\/2016\/07\/marijuana_labs_prepping_for_st.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 25 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Marijuana+labs+prepping+for+regulation+and+oversight%3B+no+lab+licenses+issued+yet&rft.atitle=The+Oregonian&rft.aulast=Crombie%2C+N.&rft.au=Crombie%2C+N.&rft.date=25+July+2016&rft.pub=Oregon+Live+LLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fmarijuana%2Findex.ssf%2F2016%2F07%2Fmarijuana_labs_prepping_for_st.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-KuzdzalACloser16-53\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_53-0\">53.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-KuzdzalACloser16_53-1\">53.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Kuzdzal, S.; Clifford, R.; Winkler, P.; Bankert, W. (December 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170210234439\/http:\/\/event.lvl3.on24.com\/event\/13\/38\/14\/4\/rt\/1\/documents\/resourceList1484589923854\/emerging_cannabis_industry_whitepaper.pdf\">\"A Closer Look at Cannabis Testing\"<\/a> (PDF). Shimadzu Corporation. Archived from <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/event.lvl3.on24.com\/event\/13\/38\/14\/4\/rt\/1\/documents\/resourceList1484589923854\/emerging_cannabis_industry_whitepaper.pdf\">the original<\/a> on 19 January 2017<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170210234439\/http:\/\/event.lvl3.on24.com\/event\/13\/38\/14\/4\/rt\/1\/documents\/resourceList1484589923854\/emerging_cannabis_industry_whitepaper.pdf\">http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170210234439\/http:\/\/event.lvl3.on24.com\/event\/13\/38\/14\/4\/rt\/1\/documents\/resourceList1484589923854\/emerging_cannabis_industry_whitepaper.pdf<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 19 January 2017<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=A+Closer+Look+at+Cannabis+Testing&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Kuzdzal%2C+S.%3B+Clifford%2C+R.%3B+Winkler%2C+P.%3B+Bankert%2C+W.&rft.au=Kuzdzal%2C+S.%3B+Clifford%2C+R.%3B+Winkler%2C+P.%3B+Bankert%2C+W.&rft.date=December+2016&rft.pub=Shimadzu+Corporation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20170210234439%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fevent.lvl3.on24.com%2Fevent%2F13%2F38%2F14%2F4%2Frt%2F1%2Fdocuments%2FresourceList1484589923854%2Femerging_cannabis_industry_whitepaper.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-Romza-KutzTheSilver16-54\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-Romza-KutzTheSilver16_54-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Romza-Kutz, D.; Roth V., F. (15 August 2016). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thompsoncoburn.com\/insights\/blogs\/tracking-cannabis\/post\/2016-08-15\/the-silver-lining-in-the-dea-s-refusal-to-reclassify-cannabis\">\"The silver lining in the DEA\u2019s refusal to reclassify cannabis\"<\/a>. <i>Tracking Cannabis<\/i>. Thompson Coburn LLP<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http:\/\/www.thompsoncoburn.com\/insights\/blogs\/tracking-cannabis\/post\/2016-08-15\/the-silver-lining-in-the-dea-s-refusal-to-reclassify-cannabis\">http:\/\/www.thompsoncoburn.com\/insights\/blogs\/tracking-cannabis\/post\/2016-08-15\/the-silver-lining-in-the-dea-s-refusal-to-reclassify-cannabis<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. 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Retrieved 03 January 2019<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+may+be+legal+in+Canada+%E2%80%93+but+this+is+why+it%27s+still+not+safe+to+buy+it+online&rft.atitle=Independent&rft.aulast=Abraham%2C+E.&rft.au=Abraham%2C+E.&rft.date=18+October+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fcannabis-canada-legal-sale-buying-online-risks-a8589716.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-PerkelCanadaPost18-95\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-PerkelCanadaPost18_95-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Perkel, C. 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Retrieved 03 January 2019<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Canada+Post+admits+cannabis+privacy+breach+involving+4%2C500+Ontario+customers&rft.atitle=CTV+News&rft.aulast=Perkel%2C+C.&rft.au=Perkel%2C+C.&rft.date=07+November+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fcanada%2Fcanada-post-admits-cannabis-privacy-breach-involving-4-500-ontario-customers-1.4167149&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-HutchinsonMari17-96\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-HutchinsonMari17_96-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Hutchinson, R. (22 March 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.securityprivacyandthelaw.com\/2017\/03\/marijuana-and-privacy-a-primer\/\">\"Marijuana and Privacy: A Primer\"<\/a>. <i>Security, Privacy and the Law<\/i>. Foley Hoag LLP<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.securityprivacyandthelaw.com\/2017\/03\/marijuana-and-privacy-a-primer\/\">https:\/\/www.securityprivacyandthelaw.com\/2017\/03\/marijuana-and-privacy-a-primer\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 03 January 2019<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Marijuana+and+Privacy%3A+A+Primer&rft.atitle=Security%2C+Privacy+and+the+Law&rft.aulast=Hutchinson%2C+R.&rft.au=Hutchinson%2C+R.&rft.date=22+March+2017&rft.pub=Foley+Hoag+LLP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.securityprivacyandthelaw.com%2F2017%2F03%2Fmarijuana-and-privacy-a-primer%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-MarumSmoke17-97\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-MarumSmoke17_97-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Marum, A. (19 April 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oregonlive.com\/marijuana\/index.ssf\/2017\/04\/marijuana_user_data_protected.html\">\"Smoke pot in Oregon? Your name now protected from feds\"<\/a>. <i>The Oregonian<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oregonlive.com\/marijuana\/index.ssf\/2017\/04\/marijuana_user_data_protected.html\">https:\/\/www.oregonlive.com\/marijuana\/index.ssf\/2017\/04\/marijuana_user_data_protected.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 03 January 2019<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Smoke+pot+in+Oregon%3F+Your+name+now+protected+from+feds&rft.atitle=The+Oregonian&rft.aulast=Marum%2C+A.&rft.au=Marum%2C+A.&rft.date=19+April+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fmarijuana%2Findex.ssf%2F2017%2F04%2Fmarijuana_user_data_protected.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-SherryClient18-98\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-SherryClient18_98-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Sherry, K. (04 October 2018). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nelsonhardiman.com\/client-alert-new-california-privacy-law-ab-2402-specifically-targets-cannabis-licensees\/\">\"Client Alert: New California Privacy Law, AB-2402, Specifically Targets Cannabis Licensees\"<\/a>. <i>Nelson Hardiman Newsroom<\/i>. Nelson Hardiman LLP<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nelsonhardiman.com\/client-alert-new-california-privacy-law-ab-2402-specifically-targets-cannabis-licensees\/\">https:\/\/www.nelsonhardiman.com\/client-alert-new-california-privacy-law-ab-2402-specifically-targets-cannabis-licensees\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 03 January 2019<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Client+Alert%3A+New+California+Privacy+Law%2C+AB-2402%2C+Specifically+Targets+Cannabis+Licensees&rft.atitle=Nelson+Hardiman+Newsroom&rft.aulast=Sherry%2C+K.&rft.au=Sherry%2C+K.&rft.date=04+October+2018&rft.pub=Nelson+Hardiman+LLP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nelsonhardiman.com%2Fclient-alert-new-california-privacy-law-ab-2402-specifically-targets-cannabis-licensees%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-DroletCannabis17-99\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-DroletCannabis17_99-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Drolet, M. (15 May 2017). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisbusinessexecutive.com\/2017\/05\/hippa-cannabis-and-privacy-compliance\/?utm_source=CBE+Master+List&utm_campaign=3dd8f01b21-CBE+Policy+%26+Legal&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1f64189714-3dd8f01b21-264215833\">\"Cannabis and privacy compliance: Is your health information protected?\"<\/a>. <i>Cannabis Business Executive<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cannabisbusinessexecutive.com\/2017\/05\/hippa-cannabis-and-privacy-compliance\/?utm_source=CBE+Master+List&utm_campaign=3dd8f01b21-CBE+Policy+%26+Legal&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1f64189714-3dd8f01b21-264215833\">https:\/\/www.cannabisbusinessexecutive.com\/2017\/05\/hippa-cannabis-and-privacy-compliance\/?utm_source=CBE+Master+List&utm_campaign=3dd8f01b21-CBE+Policy+%26+Legal&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1f64189714-3dd8f01b21-264215833<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 03 January 2019<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Cannabis+and+privacy+compliance%3A+Is+your+health+information+protected%3F&rft.atitle=Cannabis+Business+Executive&rft.aulast=Drolet%2C+M.&rft.au=Drolet%2C+M.&rft.date=15+May+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cannabisbusinessexecutive.com%2F2017%2F05%2Fhippa-cannabis-and-privacy-compliance%2F%3Futm_source%3DCBE%2BMaster%2BList%26utm_campaign%3D3dd8f01b21-CBE%2BPolicy%2B%2526%2BLegal%26utm_medium%3Demail%26utm_term%3D0_1f64189714-3dd8f01b21-264215833&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-PRNewswireUSMJ18-100\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-PRNewswireUSMJ18_100-0\">\u2191<\/a><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\"><a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/usmj-and-landstar-plan-to-bring-data-privacy-and-hipaa-compliance-to-marijuana-consumers-831506836.html\">\"USMJ and Landstar Plan to Bring Data Privacy and HIPAA Compliance to Marijuana Consumers\"<\/a>. <i>PR Newswire<\/i>. 14 November 2018<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/usmj-and-landstar-plan-to-bring-data-privacy-and-hipaa-compliance-to-marijuana-consumers-831506836.html\">https:\/\/www.prnewswire.com\/news-releases\/usmj-and-landstar-plan-to-bring-data-privacy-and-hipaa-compliance-to-marijuana-consumers-831506836.html<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 03 January 2019<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=USMJ+and+Landstar+Plan+to+Bring+Data+Privacy+and+HIPAA+Compliance+to+Marijuana+Consumers&rft.atitle=PR+Newswire&rft.date=14+November+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fusmj-and-landstar-plan-to-bring-data-privacy-and-hipaa-compliance-to-marijuana-consumers-831506836.html&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-FawkesReportCanna20-101\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-FawkesReportCanna20_101-0\">101.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-FawkesReportCanna20_101-1\">101.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Fawkes, G. (24 January 2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpnmentor.com\/blog\/report-thsuite-breach\/\">\"Report: Cannabis Users\u2019 Sensitive Data Exposed in Data Breach\"<\/a>. <i>vpnMentor Blog<\/i><span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vpnmentor.com\/blog\/report-thsuite-breach\/\">https:\/\/www.vpnmentor.com\/blog\/report-thsuite-breach\/<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 20 January 2020<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Report%3A+Cannabis+Users%E2%80%99+Sensitive+Data+Exposed+in+Data+Breach&rft.atitle=vpnMentor+Blog&rft.aulast=Fawkes%2C+G.&rft.au=Fawkes%2C+G.&rft.date=24+January+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vpnmentor.com%2Fblog%2Freport-thsuite-breach%2F&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-ShaghaghiLeak20-102\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\">\u2191 <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-ShaghaghiLeak20_102-0\">102.0<\/a><\/sup> <sup><a href=\"#cite_ref-ShaghaghiLeak20_102-1\">102.1<\/a><\/sup><\/span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><span class=\"citation web\">Shaghaghi, S.; Weinstein, I. (18 February 2020). <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cohnreznick.com\/insights\/leak-of-30000-cannabis-customer-records-heightens-need-for-effective-data-security\">\"Leak of 30,000 cannabis customer records heightens need for effective data security\"<\/a>. <i>Insights<\/i>. CohnReznick LLP<span class=\"printonly\">. <a rel=\"external_link\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cohnreznick.com\/insights\/leak-of-30000-cannabis-customer-records-heightens-need-for-effective-data-security\">https:\/\/www.cohnreznick.com\/insights\/leak-of-30000-cannabis-customer-records-heightens-need-for-effective-data-security<\/a><\/span><span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. Retrieved 20 January 2020<\/span>.<\/span><span class=\"Z3988\" title=\"ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Leak+of+30%2C000+cannabis+customer+records+heightens+need+for+effective+data+security&rft.atitle=Insights&rft.aulast=Shaghaghi%2C+S.%3B+Weinstein%2C+I.&rft.au=Shaghaghi%2C+S.%3B+Weinstein%2C+I.&rft.date=18+February+2020&rft.pub=CohnReznick+LLP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cohnreznick.com%2Finsights%2Fleak-of-30000-cannabis-customer-records-heightens-need-for-effective-data-security&rfr_id=info:sid\/en.wikipedia.org:The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\"><span style=\"display: none;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/span>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 1.497 seconds\nReal time usage: 4.024 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 65042\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 38256\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 523721\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 224789\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 18\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","a7934cd69827b96dcb90a34fd5152115_images":["https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a3\/Drug_bottle_containing_cannabis.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/5\/5b\/Marihuana_Test.jpg\/360px-Marihuana_Test.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/2\/2d\/Jackson_Apple_Festival_%2829831971922%29.jpg\/500px-Jackson_Apple_Festival_%2829831971922%29.jpg"],"a7934cd69827b96dcb90a34fd5152115_timestamp":1610467616,"4248a5d452b5edb8c76fc9c9af047283_type":"article","4248a5d452b5edb8c76fc9c9af047283_title":"Introduction","4248a5d452b5edb8c76fc9c9af047283_url":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Introduction_-_Cannabis","4248a5d452b5edb8c76fc9c9af047283_plaintext":"\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tIntroduction - Cannabis \n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tFrom LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tJump to: navigation, search\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\tThe previous decade saw state and national legalization of cannabis begin to trend upward in the United States. This growth in the cannabis industry has created a need for ways to guarantee just what is in each product and how accurate its potency and other label claims are, as well as establish thresholds and limits for potentially dangerous substances like pesticides, heavy metals, mold and fungus, and any foreign matter. These needed to be accurately and consistently identified, especially since we're talking about predominantly inhalable or ingestible items, as well as those that are topically applied. As such, it has been gradually accepted that there can be no successful legalization without associated laboratory testing. So along with the increasing spread of state and national legalization comes a similar boom in new laboratories, as well as expansion of testing services by already-established labs. Particularly, with the monitoring and regulation needed to protect the public and ensure federal (in the U.S.) tolerance, the need for laboratories to be able to trust a professional laboratory information management system (LIMS) to ensure accurate and speedy results, reports, track-and-trace mechanisms, regulatory compliance support, and the many other aspects of data management required has become equally essential.\nLaboratory testing is an important component for this industry, as is similarly with other already well established industries, like the food and beverage, agriculture, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. This cannabis laboratory testing can include soil testing, seed testing, and fertilizer testing, just like any other state agriculture department-regulated crop. However, by far, the biggest area of testing is quality assurance and quality control (QA\/QC), for the determination of potency, purity, best growth methods, etc., as well as how safe it is (i.e., contained pesticides, residual solvents, mold\/fungus) for both medicinal and recreational products at various stages.\n\nBecause cannabis testing it is such a rapid-growth industry, many cannabis laboratories are start-ups. That means that LIMS with low initial cost (e.g., subscription-based), little or no infrastructure requirements (cloud-hosted), and rapid implementation are by far the preferred types of data management solutions in most cases. Even labs with existing software who do some of the required types of testing and are seeking to expand into the cannabis-testing space may need to to modernize and expand their capabilities to keep up with demand. In those cases, the additional requirement of a flexible, extensible system becomes an important attribute in a LIMS.\nLabs and government agencies are increasingly aware of the risks of inaccurate testing and non-compliance with standards and regulations. Most see the ability of a system to help ensure accuracy and compliance as an important consideration when evaluating potential LIMS solutions.\nThis book takes a look at this high-profile, high-growth industry, its characteristics and challenges, and its rapid progress and evolution over the past few years, while providing an example of how a LIMS (CannaQA from LabLynx, Inc.) provides answers to comprehensively meet all aspects of the cannabis laboratory's current and evolving information management requirements, and in an effective, affordable fashion.\n\n\nSource: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Introduction_-_Cannabis\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Introduction_-_Cannabis<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\tCategories: LIMSkitCannabisLIMS ManualWebLIMS ManualsSciCloud.netSciCloud AppsSciCloud.net SolutionsLabLynx SolutionsLabLynx ProductsLLX websiteIndustry Solutions\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\tNavigation menu\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\tViews\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPage\n\t\t\t\tDiscussion\n\t\t\t\tView source\n\t\t\t\tHistory\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tPersonal tools\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLog in\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRequest account\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\tNavigation\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMain page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecent changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRandom page\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tHelp\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tSearch\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTools\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhat links here\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRelated changes\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpecial pages\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermanent link\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPage information\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\tPrint\/export\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCreate a book\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDownload as PDF\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrintable version\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t This page was last modified on 8 January 2021, at 02:11.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis page has been accessed 3,401 times.\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPrivacy policy\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout LabLynx Wiki\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDisclaimers\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n","4248a5d452b5edb8c76fc9c9af047283_html":"<body class=\"mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-Introduction_-_Cannabis skin-monobook action-view\">\n<div id=\"rdp-ebb-globalWrapper\">\n\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-column-content\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n\t\t\t\t<a id=\"rdp-ebb-top\"><\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<h1 id=\"rdp-ebb-firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"en\"><span dir=\"auto\">Introduction - Cannabis<\/span><\/h1>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- start content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"rdp-ebb-mw-content-text\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\" class=\"mw-content-ltr\"><div class=\"floatright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Cannabis_Testing_Lab1.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"667f1f21559640ec8b3b048e2071e275\"><img alt=\"Cannabis Testing Lab1.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Cannabis_Testing_Lab1.jpg\/300px-Cannabis_Testing_Lab1.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"310\" \/><\/a><\/div>The previous decade saw state and national legalization of cannabis begin to trend upward in the United States. This growth in the cannabis industry has created a need for ways to guarantee just what is in each product and how accurate its potency and other label claims are, as well as establish thresholds and limits for potentially dangerous substances like pesticides, heavy metals, mold and fungus, and any foreign matter. These needed to be accurately and consistently identified, especially since we're talking about predominantly inhalable or ingestible items, as well as those that are topically applied. As such, it has been gradually accepted that there can be no successful legalization without associated laboratory testing. So along with the increasing spread of state and national legalization comes a similar boom in new laboratories, as well as expansion of testing services by already-established labs. Particularly, with the monitoring and regulation needed to protect the public and ensure federal (in the U.S.) tolerance, the need for laboratories to be able to trust a professional laboratory information management system (LIMS) to ensure accurate and speedy results, reports, track-and-trace mechanisms, regulatory compliance support, and the many other aspects of data management required has become equally essential.\n<p>Laboratory testing is an important component for this industry, as is similarly with other already well established industries, like the food and beverage, agriculture, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. This cannabis laboratory testing can include soil testing, seed testing, and fertilizer testing, just like any other state agriculture department-regulated crop. However, by far, the biggest area of testing is quality assurance and quality control (QA\/QC), for the determination of potency, purity, best growth methods, etc., as well as how safe it is (i.e., contained pesticides, residual solvents, mold\/fungus) for both medicinal and recreational products at various stages.\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"floatleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=File:Canna_Testing_1024x588.jpg\" class=\"image wiki-link\" data-key=\"40c3f31626ccd403e68f039de73b3c27\"><img alt=\"Canna Testing 1024x588.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Canna_Testing_1024x588.jpg\/300px-Canna_Testing_1024x588.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"172\" \/><\/a><\/div>Because cannabis testing it is such a rapid-growth industry, many cannabis laboratories are start-ups. That means that LIMS with low initial cost (e.g., subscription-based), little or no infrastructure requirements (cloud-hosted), and rapid implementation are by far the preferred types of data management solutions in most cases. Even labs with existing software who do some of the required types of testing and are seeking to expand into the cannabis-testing space may need to to modernize and expand their capabilities to keep up with demand. In those cases, the additional requirement of a flexible, extensible system becomes an important attribute in a LIMS.\n<p>Labs and government agencies are increasingly aware of the risks of inaccurate testing and non-compliance with standards and regulations. Most see the ability of a system to help ensure accuracy and compliance as an important consideration when evaluating potential LIMS solutions.\n<\/p><p>This book takes a look at this high-profile, high-growth industry, its characteristics and challenges, and its rapid progress and evolution over the past few years, while providing an example of how a LIMS (CannaQA from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx,_Inc.\" title=\"LabLynx, Inc.\" class=\"wiki-link\" data-key=\"4148b26071f6ed31eca5abbfa7fa721d\">LabLynx, Inc.<\/a>) provides answers to comprehensively meet all aspects of the cannabis laboratory's current and evolving information management requirements, and in an effective, affordable fashion.\n<\/p>\n<!-- \nNewPP limit report\nCPU time usage: 0.008 seconds\nReal time usage: 0.023 seconds\nPreprocessor visited node count: 1\/1000000\nPreprocessor generated node count: 8\/1000000\nPost\u2010expand include size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nTemplate argument size: 0\/2097152 bytes\nHighest expansion depth: 1\/40\nExpensive parser function count: 0\/100\n-->\n<\/div><div class=\"printfooter\">Source: <a rel=\"external_link\" class=\"external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Introduction_-_Cannabis\">https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Introduction_-_Cannabis<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- end content -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- end of the left (by default at least) column -->\n\t\t<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\n\n<\/body>","4248a5d452b5edb8c76fc9c9af047283_images":["https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Cannabis_Testing_Lab1.jpg\/600px-Cannabis_Testing_Lab1.jpg","https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/images\/thumb\/a\/a4\/Canna_Testing_1024x588.jpg\/600px-Canna_Testing_1024x588.jpg"],"4248a5d452b5edb8c76fc9c9af047283_timestamp":1610467615,"ba9181af632e9d0a78ea54b9abc6be8c":{"type":"chapter","title":"Chapter 1 - Introduction to Testing in the Cannabis Industry","key":"ba9181af632e9d0a78ea54b9abc6be8c"}},"link":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Book:Laboratory_Information_Management_for_Cannabis_Quality_Assurance","price_currency":"","price_amount":"","book_size":"","download_url":"https:\/\/www.limsforum.com?ebb_action=book_download&book_id=79565","language":"","cta_button_content":"","toc":[{"type":"chapter","name":"Chapter 1 - Introduction to Testing in the Cannabis Industry","id":"ba9181af632e9d0a78ea54b9abc6be8c","children":[{"type":"article","name":"Introduction","id":"4248a5d452b5edb8c76fc9c9af047283","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Introduction_-_Cannabis"},{"type":"article","name":"The Cannabis Industry (a U.S. perspective)","id":"a7934cd69827b96dcb90a34fd5152115","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_U.S._perspective)"},{"type":"article","name":"The Cannabis Industry (a lab perspective)","id":"3fe24f66b8b70716b70fb66564afb9e4","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Industry_(a_lab_perspective)"},{"type":"article","name":"Informatics for the Cannabis Industry","id":"b3a9ffbf5f383a6ba779cd03fbd0429a","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Informatics_for_the_Cannabis_Industry"}]},{"type":"chapter","name":"Chapter 2 - The Cannabis Lab","id":"573dc518b783c09f7bfdc3c1ec47026f","children":[{"type":"article","name":"The Cannabis Laboratory","id":"293afaa1e1840205a1abca612e540e82","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=The_Cannabis_Laboratory"},{"type":"article","name":"Starting a Cannabis Testing Lab","id":"047b2ad1d30cb0616024a97782db32d3","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Starting_a_Cannabis_Testing_Lab"},{"type":"article","name":"Regulatory Compliance and Standardization: An Overview","id":"215c53df299701d4ec1bbcae57e9da06","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Regulatory_Compliance_-_Cannabis"}]},{"type":"chapter","name":"Chapter 3 - Choosing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing","id":"5925471a3ba7db77bcdb7810a700432b","children":[{"type":"article","name":"Evaluating and Implementing a LIMS for Cannabis Testing","id":"6b62e0ae063c3bd9935a94049e6bc5e4","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Evaluating_and_Implementing_a_LIMS_for_Cannabis_Testing"},{"type":"article","name":"Features and Functions in a Cannabis Testing LIMS","id":"a2a508eb60441301080420183776f6ab","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Features_and_Functions_in_a_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS"},{"type":"article","name":"External Integrations and Your LIMS","id":"5f29395cb1826bc3a0849c912cd0af08","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=External_Integrations_and_Your_LIMS"},{"type":"article","name":"Ongoing Maintenance, Support and Warranty","id":"fb45bd3e823dd7bd440d0126d5aef573","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Ongoing_Maintenance,_Support_and_Warranty"},{"type":"article","name":"Example Cost Analysis","id":"bd525fe0be482e55933100b5e76d017b","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Example_Cost_Analysis"}]},{"type":"chapter","name":"Chapter 4 - Regulatory Considerations and Specifics","id":"ba2830b294231026e9e91ec4f326721e","children":[{"type":"article","name":"General Impact of Regulations on Cannabis Lab Management","id":"0439c1196c953d1a459be97082e7d5f6","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=General_Impact_of_Regulations_on_Cannabis_Lab_Management"},{"type":"article","name":"Canada Cannabis Testing Regulations","id":"57ca032872bf910a99fbf6e77f5dd85e","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Canada_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations"},{"type":"article","name":"California Cannabis Testing Regulations","id":"f0bd36085045856466817a1bcc5d8533","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=California_Cannabis_Testing_Regulations"},{"type":"article","name":"Cannabis Testing Regulations in Other States","id":"07b22d93b86c4d40427961cedaf7327f","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Testing_Regulations_in_Other_States"}]},{"type":"chapter","name":"Chapter 5 - An Example LIMS for Cannabis Testing","id":"de8dd4f5c8a570092cf0b5579ec5c067","children":[{"type":"article","name":"LIMS for Cannabis Testing","id":"e421e44127d338b243718f5da6e07c07","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LabLynx_LIMS_-_Cannabis"},{"type":"article","name":"Successful Implementation of Your Cannabis Testing LIMS","id":"8377d24464ab18847fc56ac4d43dcb6d","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Successful_Implementation_of_Your_Cannabis_Testing_LIMS"},{"type":"article","name":"Integrating Your LIMS into Your Cannabis Testing Workflow","id":"36e4a4e82178da57634ee159d8e8eea9","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=LIMS_Operation_-_Cannabis"},{"type":"article","name":"Comprehensive Support for Your Cannabis Testing LIMS","id":"2a50d4312a405ed49a7911d9c5f56aa0","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Support_Resources"}]},{"type":"chapter","name":"Appendix A - Reference materials","id":"f58466f2510f71b5b250bca86ab308e2","children":[{"type":"article","name":"Glossary","id":"0dbab1397192e669e85e359f9f71afba","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Glossary_-_Cannabis"},{"type":"article","name":"Cannabis Testing Instruments, Software, and Equipment","id":"f1e843f0e71b783f22f3ec75df796120","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Testing_Instruments,_Software,_and_Equipment"},{"type":"article","name":"Cannabis Industry Resources","id":"680007f51061f7e5cb6f3a3d5a45e27c","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Cannabis_Industry_Resources"},{"type":"article","name":"Need More Help? Contact us","id":"db9986801fabf2bef6c68a569f1d153b","pageUrl":"https:\/\/www.lablynxpress.com\/index.php?title=Need_More_Help%3F_Contact_us"}]}],"settings":{"show_cover":1,"show_title":1,"show_subtitle":0,"show_full_title":1,"show_editor":1,"show_editor_pic":1,"show_publisher":1,"show_language":1,"show_size":1,"show_toc":1,"show_content_beneath_cover":1,"toc_links":"logged-in","cta_button":"1","content_location":"1","log_in_msg":"","cover_size":"medium"},"title_image":"https:\/\/s3.limsforum.com\/www.limsforum.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/520px-Cannbis_Samples_for_Testing.jpg"}}
Laboratory Information Management for Cannabis Quality Assurance
2021 Edition
Editor: Shawn Douglas
Publisher: LabLynx Press
Copyright LabLynx Inc. All rights reserved.