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An ectopic hormone is a hormone produced by tumors derived from tissue that is not typically associated with its production.[1]
On the other hand, the term entopic is used to refer to hormones produced by tissue in tumors that are normally engaged in the production of that hormone. [2]
The excess hormone secretion is considered detrimental to the normal body homeostasis.[3] This hormone production typically results in a set of signs and symptoms that are called a paraneoplastic syndrome.[2]
Some clinical syndromes caused by ectopic hormone production include:
| Syndrome | Main causal cancers | Ectopic hormone | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cushing syndrome | Ectopic ACTH and ACTH-like substance | ||
| Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone | Ectopic Antidiuretic hormone[4] | ||
| Hypercalcemia |
|
Ectopic PTHrP (Parathyroid hormone-related protein), TGF-α, TNF, IL-1[4] | |
| Hypoglycemia | Ectopic Insulin-like growth factor 2 | ||
| Hyperaldosteronism |
|
Ectopic Aldosterone[6] |
References
- ^ a b "Endocrine Paraneoplastic Syndromes ("Ectopic" Hormone Production)". Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ a b Ectopic Hormone Syndromes. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960823-2. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ "Ectopic hormones". Retrieved 28 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Table 6-5 in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1. 8th edition.
- ^ a b Goldner W (2016). "Cancer-Related Hypercalcemia". J Oncol Pract. 12 (5): 426–32. doi:10.1200/JOP.2016.011155. PMID 27170690.
- ^ Mulatero P, Rabbia F, Veglio F (May 2001). "Paraneoplastic hyperaldosteronism associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma". New England Journal of Medicine. 344 (20): 1558–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM200105173442017. PMID 11368052.
